Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research (JBM&SSR) ISSN No: 2319-5614

Volume 3, No.7, July 2014

An Analysis Of Literacy Rate In Haryana

Deepak Talwar, Assistant Professor at Bebe Nanaki University College, Mithra (KPT), India
Dr. Meenu, Assistant Professor at Bebe Nanaki University College, Mithra (KPT), India
Abstract
The present paper is an attempt to study the literacy rate in state of Haryana. For this purpose, the paper considers the
total population (by sex), sex ratio and literacy rates for districts of Haryana (by sex) as per census 2001 and 2011. This
paper concludes that literacy rate in Haryana increased to 76.6% as per 2011 census, out of which maximum literacy rate
has been found in the district of Gurgaon (84.4%) and the lowest in district of Mewat (56.1%). Male-female literacy rate
shows an improvement sign. Sex ratio improved in all the districts of Haryana but found to be maximum in the district of
Mewat (906) and the lowest sex ratio was found in the district Gurgaon (853). The overall sex ratio was increased to 877
in the year 2011, which was 861 in the year 2001, but still it is at very low level as compare to national level of sex ratio
that is 940 according to the census 2011.

Keywords: Education, Literacy, Sex Ratio, Population

Introduction investment made in almost every aspect of development

Process of economic development depends upon several
factors and human factor is the most essential factor
which effectively influences the development of a coun-
try. An investment in human beings has been a major
source of growth in advanced countries, the negligible
amount of human investment in under developed coun-
tries has done little to extend the capacity of people to
meet the challenge of accelerated development. So an
improvement in quality of the “human factor” is then as
essential as investment in physical capital. An advance
in knowledge and the diffusion of new ideas and objec-
tives are necessary to remove economic backwardness
and instill the human abilities and motivations that are
more favourable to economic achievement (Meier, 1987)
Education is the most important factor to explore such
human abilities which effectively and efficiently contri-
bute in economic development of a country. Education is
a systematic process through which a child or an adult
acquire knowledge, experience, skill and sound attitude.
It makes an individual civilized, refined, cultured and
educated. The goal of education is to make an individual
perfect and every society gives importance to education
because it is panacea for all evils. It is the key to solve
the various problems in life (John Parankimalil, 2012).
Literacy and level of education are basic indicators of
the level of development achieved by a society. Spread
of literacy is generally associated with important traits of
modern civilization such as modernization, urbanization,
industrialization, communication and commerce. Litera-
cy forms an important input in overall development of
individuals enabling them to comprehend their social,
political and cultural environment better and respond to
it appropriately. Higher levels of education and literacy
lead to greater awareness and also contribute in im-
provement of economic and social conditions. It acts as a
catalyst for social upliftment enhancing the returns on
efforts, be it population control, health, hygiene, envi-
ronmental degradation control, employment of weaker
sections of the society (census, 2011).
The present paper is an attempt to study literacy rate in
one of the northern sates of India, i.e., Haryana. The in-
ter district disparities have been analysed to study the
situation of literacy rate in Haryana State. Haryana is the
16th largest state of India and is stretched over an area of
44,212 sq. km. The total population of this state, as per
the census report, 2011, is 25,353,081 with a population
density of 573.4 per sq. km.
Data Base and Methodology
The present paper studies the inter-district disparities in
literacy rate in the state of Haryana. An attempt has been
made to study the demographic figures of Haryana ac-
cording to census, male-female literacy rate and inter-
districts disparities in literacy rate in Haryana. For study-
ing the population of Haryana data has been taken from
the census 2001 and census 2011. For studying overall
literacy and male female literacy rates, data have been
taken for 21 districts of the state of Haryana. The follow-
ing sources have been used to collect data:-
a) Census report, 2001, 2011, Government of India.
b) CMIE Reports, Mumbai.
c) Economic Survey of India, 2000, 2001, 2011.
d) United Nations Human Development Report, 2011.
e) Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 1
f) Statistical Abstract of Haryana. (various issues)
District Wise Population Size and Sex Ratio of
Haryana
Table 1 gives information regarding district wise total
population, male population, female population and sex
ratio of Haryana (according to census 2001and census
2011).

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 Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research (JBM&SSR) ISSN No: 2319-5614
Volume 3, No.7, July 2014

TABLE-1 District Wise Population Size and Sex Ratio of Haryana

Districts Population Sex Population Sex
2001 Ratio 2011 Ratio
Total Male Female 2001 Total Male Female 2011
Ambala 1014411 542977 471434 868 1136784 604044 532740 882
Yamunanagar 1041630 559444 482186 862 1214162 646801 567361 877
Kurukshetra 825454 442328 383126 866 964231 510370 453861 889
Kaithal 946131 510513 435618 853 1072861 570595 502266 880
Karnal 1274183 683368 590815 865 1506323 798840 707483 886
Panipat 967449 528860 438589 829 1202811 646324 556487 861
Sonipat 1279175 695723 583452 839 1480080 798948 681132 853
Jind 1189827 642282 547545 852 1332042 712254 619788 870
Fatehabad 806158 427862 378296 884 941522 494834 446688 903
Sirsa 1116649 593245 523404 882 1295114 683242 611872 896
Hisar 1537117 830520 706597 851 1742815 931535 811280 871
Bhiwani 1425022 758253 666769 879 1629109 864616 764493 884
Rohtak 940128 509038 431090 847 1058683 566708 491975 868
Jhajjar 880072 476475 403597 847 956907 514303 442604 861
Mahendragarh 812521 423578 388943 918 921680 486553 435127 894
Rewari 765351 403034 362317 879 896129 472254 423875 898
Gurgaon 870539 470504 400035 850 1514085 817274 696811 853
Mewat 993637 524872 468765 893 1089406 571480 517926 906
Faridabad 1990719 1084138 906581 836 1798954 961532 837422 871
Parwal - - - - 1040493 553704 486789 879
Panchkula 468411 256939 211472 823 558890 298919 259971 870
Haryana 21144564 11363953 9780611 861 25353081 13505130 11847951 877
Source: census 2001, 2011
According to census 2001, total population was trict of Faridabad. Whereas lowest were recorded for the
21144564, out of which 11363953 were male and district of Panchkula. As per census 2011, highest sex
9780611 were females. The sex ratio of state of Haryana ratio was recorded for the district Mewat (906), whereas
was registered as 861 according to census 2001. Among lowest sex ratio was recorded for the district Sonipat
21 districts of Haryana, highest population was recorded (853). As per census 2011, all 21 districts recorded sex
for the district of Fridabad (1990719) and lowest popula- ratio higher than 850.
tion was showed by the district of Panchkula (468411).
The number of males and females found to be highest in By comparison, it was found that the difference of high-
the district of Faridabad. Similarly the lowest number of est and lowest sex ratio declined to 53 (as per census
males and females found to be in the district of Panchku- 2011) from 95 (as per census 2001). The highest sex
la. As per census 2001, highest sex ratio was recorded ratio shifted from the district of Mahendragarh (as per
for the district of Mahendragarh (918) and lowest sex census 2001) to the district of Mewat (as per census
ratio was recorded for the district of Panchkula (823). As 2011). Here, it is important to mention here that highest
per the census 2001, out of 21 districts 13 districts have sex ratio declined to 906 (as per census 2011) from 918
sex ratio which was more than 850. (as per census 2001).

As per 2011 census, total population of Haryana in- Literacy Rate in Haryana
creased to 25353081 and the number of males and fe- Table 2, shows the overall literacy rate, male literacy
males also increased to13505130 and 11847951 respec- rate and female literacy rate for 21 districts of Haryana
tively. Out of 21 districts of Haryana highest population, recorded under 2001 census and 2011 census.
number of males and females were recorded for the dis-
TABLE-2 Literacy Rate By Sex For State
Districts Literacy rate Literacy rate
2001 2011
Total Male Female Total Male female

Ambala 76.2 83.0 68.5 82.9 88.5 76.6

Yamunanagar 72.2 79.3 64.1 78.9 85.1 72.0
Kurukshetra 70.0 78.2 60.8 76.7 83.5 69.2

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 Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research (JBM&SSR) ISSN No: 2319-5614
Volume 3, No.7, July 2014

Kaithal 59.5 69.9 47.6 70.6 79.3 60.7

Karnal 68.2 76.7 58.4 76.4 83.7 68.3
Panipat 69.8 79.2 58.5 77.5 85.4 68.2
Sonipat 73.7 84.0 61.6 80.8 89.4 70.9
Jind 62.8 74.7 49.0 72.7 82.5 61.6
Fatehabad 58.2 68.7 46.4 69.1 78.1 59.3
Sirsa 61.2 70.9 50.3 70.4 78.6 61.2
Hisar 65.9 77.6 52.1 73.2 82.8 62.3
Bhiwani 68.2 81.2 53.5 76.7 87.4 64.8
Rohtak 74.6 84.3 63.2 80.4 88.4 71.2
Jhajjar 72.5 83.3 59.9 80.8 89.4 71.0
Mahendragarh 70.4 85.3 54.6 78.9 91.3 65.3
Rewari 75.8 89.1 61.3 82.2 92.9 70.5
Gurgaon 63.6 77.1 48.3 84.4 90.3 77.6
Mewat 56.1 73.0 37.6
Faridabad 70.8 82.5 56.8 83.0 89.9 75.2
Parwal ------ ------- ------ 70.3 82.6 56.4
Panchkul 76.54 82.74 68.98 83.4 88.6 77.5
Haryana 67.9 78.5 55.7 76.6 85.4 66.8
Source: Census, 2001, 2011

According to census 2001, overall literacy rate was
67.91%, out of which male literacy rate was recorded as
78.5% and female literacy rate as 55.7%. Out of 21 dis-
tricts, highest literacy rate was recorded for the district of
Panchkula (76.54) and the lowest literacy rate was rec-
orded for the district Fatehabad (58.2%). As per census
2001, highest rates of male literacy and female literacy
were recorded for the districst of Rewari (89.1%) and
Panchkula (68.9%) respectively. Whereas the lowest
rates of male literacy and female literacy were recorded
for the districts of Kaithal (69.9%) and Fatehabad
(46.4%) respectively.
According to census 2011, overall literacy rate was
76.6%, out of which male literacy rate was recorded as
85.4% and female literacy rate as 66.8%. Out of 21 dis-
tricts, highest literacy rate was recorded for the district of
Gurgaon (84.4%) and the lowest literacy rate was rec-
orded for the district Mewat (56.1%). As per census
2011, highest rates of male literacy and female literacy
were recorded for the districst of Rewari (92.9%) and
Gurgaon (77.6%) respectively. Whereas the lowest rates
for male literacy and female literacy were recorded for
the districts of Mewat (73.0%) and Parwal (56.4%) re-
spectively.
The comparison of 2001 census and 2011 census shows
an improvement in overall literacy rate by 8.7%. The
highest overall literacy rate shifted from the district of
Panchkula (as per census 2001) to the district of Gur-
gaon (as per census 2011). District which had maximum
increase in female literacy rate in the year 2011 over the
year 2001 was Gurgaon with 29.3% increment in literacy
rate, while district Yamunanagar had shown least incre-
ment (7.9%). In 2011, the districts of Ambala, Yamuna-
nagar, Sonipat, Rohtak, Rewari, Gurgaon, Faridabad and
Panchkula registered more than 70% literacy rate of fe-
male. Similarly the highest literacy rate for female
shifted from the district of Panchkula (as per census
2001) to the district of Gurgaon (as per census 2011).
District which had maximum increase in male literacy
rate in 2011 census over 2001 census was Gurgaon with
13.2% increment, while district Rewari had shown least
increment of 3.8% in literacy rate in year 2011 over the
year 2001. In terms of female literacy, district Gurgaon
placed at top position with 77.6% literacy rate, while
district Parwal placed at bottom with literacy rate 56.4%.
Whereas the highest male literacy rate, remain in the
district of Rewari (as per census 2001 and census 2011).
As per census 2001, the Panchkula district registered
highest literacy rate (918) but lowest sex ratio. Similarly,
as per census 2011, district Mewat registered highest sex
ratio (906) but lowest literacy rate (56.1%).
Education Policy in Haryana
In Haryana educational scenario was reviewed to reo-
rient the thrust of education policy as after 1991, need
has been felt to made education more relevant to emerg-
ing environment. As a result, state wide debates and
workshops were stared, which have resulted in Educa-
tion Policy, 2000. The main objectives of this policy
were:
a) Universalisation of Elementary Education by the
year 2005.
b) Increase in both public and private investments in
education so that the public investment goes upto
6% of GDP by the year 2010

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 Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research (JBM&SSR)
Volume 3, No.7, July 2014
c) Active participation of Village Education Commit-
tees, Mother Teacher Associations, Parent Teacher
Associations in management of education.
d) The State shall promote NGOs to play a key role in
the qualitative and quantitative expansion of educa-
tion.
e) reducing disparities based on gender, region, class,
category including children of special focus groups
etc
f) Recognising the central role of teachers in educa-
tion, the State reposes its full faith and trust in
teachers and will support them in improving their
knowledge and skills in pedagogy and child oriented
learning.
g) Recruitments / appointments, promotions, postings,
transfers, deployments shall all be based on merit
alone
h) Introduction of computer education at school and
college levels and also linking education with the
world at work to enhance multidimensional growth
of all sections of the society
i) Reforms in examination and evaluation system are a
continuous Process.
j) Making NCC, NSS, sports, value education, envi-
ronmental education, yoga, scouting etc. as an
integral part of institutional activities.
For achieving the objectives of education policy 2000,
various implementation strategies were followed, which
includes:
a) Decentralisation of education administration,
b) Delivering qualitative primary education,
c) Introduction of English from class I,
d) Induction and in school training for teachers,
e) Strengthening teacher-school link by making five
years compulsory in rural area schools at first ap-
pointment,
f) Involving and listing the support of community as
partners in the process of change,
g) Strengthening the necessary infrastructure to en-
courage retention of girls schools and increasing
enrolment in colleges,
h) Introduction of IT and vocational courses,
i) Optimum utilization of infrastructure,
j) Making higher education relevant and removing
disparities,
k) Strengthening of open learning and distance educa-
tion.
It has always been the andeavour of state government to
spread education amongst the masses and to provide
quality education to all children of Haryana state. For
this many steps have been initiated in Education De-
partment. One of the notable steps in this regard has
been inclusion of
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ISSN No: 2319-5614
a) 100 new schools under National Vocational Educa-
tion Qualification Framework (NVEQF) scheme in
2013-14 under which nearly 4900 students have
been enrolled.
b) The Department has also established Aarohi Model
Schools with functional computer labs for 36 educa-
tionally backwards blocks where 4800 students are
currently studying.
c) Under the Information and Communication Tech-
nology (ICT) scheme, computer facility have been
provisioned in more than 3,122 Government schools
for which 28.59 crore has been released by the state
Government.
d) Another important step in 2013-14 has been setting
up of “ PRARAMBH” a state level school for pro-
viding integrated course in teacher education at Jhaj-
jar and operationalising six Adarsh Vidyalayas ( Ki-
san Schools) in 6 districts. It is envisaged to open a
kisan school in every district of the state.
e) The Government has been providing several scho-
larships and incentives under various schemes. Un-
der Rajiv Gandhi Scholarship scheme alone 43000
students have been benefited. A provision of 409.10
lakh has been made for the year 2013-14 in this re-
gard.(Economic Survey of Haryana, 2013-14)
Conclusion
The present paper concludes that overall population of
Haryana has been increased about 42.09 lakh according
to 2011 census as compared to 2001 census. Overall sex
ratio of Haryana has been also increased from 861 dur-
ing 2001 to 877 during the year 2011. District of Mewat
and Fatehabad showed sex ratio higher than 900 under
census 2011.The literacy rate of Haryana was 76.6%
during 2011, which is slightly higher than the literacy
rate of nation (74.04%). District wise highest and lowest
literacy rate were for the districts of Gurgaon and Mewat
respectively. The comparison of 2001 census and 2011
census shows an improvement in overall literacy rate by
8.7%. The highest overall literacy rate shifted from the
district of Panchkula (as per census 2001) to the district
of Gurgaon (as per census 2011). District which had
maximum increase in female literacy rate in the year
2011 over the year 2001 was Gurgaon with 29.3% in-
crement in literacy rate, while district Yamunanagar had
shown least increment (7.9%). Many policies and pro-
grams for qualitative improvement of primary education
in Haryana are started, such as operation black board,
improvement in Science Education, Regional Institute of
English, State Institution of Education, Audio Visual
Education, etc. Recently various policies and programs
to improve information and communication technology
education are started.
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 Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research (JBM&SSR) ISSN No: 2319-5614
Volume 3, No.7, July 2014

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