GENERAL REGULATIONS & PROCEDURES

REGARDING UN-MANNED REMOTELY CONTROLLED

SMALL UAV AIRSHIP (URCSUA)

AIR NAVIGATION ORDER

VERSION : 2.0
DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION : 04-04-2011
OFFICE OF PRIME INTEREST : AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTORATE

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 GENERAL REGULATIONS & PROCEDURES REGARDING UN-MANNED
REMOTELY CONTROLLED SMALL UAV AIRSHIP (URCSUA)

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 GENERAL REGULATIONS & PROCEDURES REGARDING UN-MANNED
REMOTELY CONTROLLED SMALL UAV AIRSHIP (URCSUA)

A. AUTHORITY:
A1. This Air Navigation Order (ANO) is issued by the Director General, Civil Aviation Authority
(DGCAA) in pursuance of Rule 4, 5, 180 and Rule 360 of the Civil Aviation Rules, 1994.

B. PURPOSE:

B1. The purpose of this ANO is to set out the requirements for the operation, maintenance,
certification and personnel competence requirement of Unmanned Remotely Controlled Small UAV
Airship (URCSUA).

C. SCOPE:

C1. This ANO is applicable to all organization involved in operation of un-manned remotely controlled
small UAV Airship.

D. DESCRIPTION:

D1. DEFINITIONS:

D1.1 The following terms when used in this ANO, have the meanings assigned to them respectively.
Any term used in this ANO but not defined, shall have the same meaning as given in the Civil Aviation
Ordinance, 1960, Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority Ordinance 1982, CARs, 1994 and relevant ICAO
Annexes.

D1.1.1 "Aerodromes" means a defined area on land or water (including, buildings, installations and
equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival departure and surface
movement of aircraft.

D1.1.2 "Aerial Work Aircraft" means an aircraft engaged in aerial work operations

D1.1.3 "Aerial Work” means flight operation in which an aircraft is used for specialized services such
as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation, patrol, search and rescue,
and aerial advertisement etc.

D1.1.4 "A.I.P” means Aeronautical Information Publication

D1.1.5 “Airship” means a power driven lighter-than-air aircraft.

D1.1.6 "Airship Flight Time" means the total time occupied in flight, whether being towed or not,
from the moment the URCSUA first moves for the purpose.

D1.1.7 "Airworthiness Notices (AWN)” means Notices issued by the Director General under CARs,
94.

D1.1.8 "Air Navigation Order" means any order issued by the Director General under CARs, 94.

D1.1.9 “Air Safety Circulars” mean Circulars issued by the Director General under CARs, 94.

D1.1.10 "Approved by the Authority" means approved by the Director General or the delegated
representative / designated officer of the Authority.

D1.1.11 "Approved Person" means a person approved in writing by an authorized person of the
Authority as a Designated Examiner / Instructor.

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D1.1.12 "Approved Training Program" means a training program established by an Operator under
Rule 193 of CARs, 94 and approved by the Competent Authority.

D1.1.13 “Approved area” means a designated area of specified dimension approved by the Authority
as an area for the operations of URCSUA.

Note: The Authority shall publish details of the approval of an area (including any conditions) in
NOTAM or on an Aeronautical Chart.

D1.1.14 "Authority" means the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) established under section 3 of the
Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority Ordinance, 1982 (PCAA Ordinance, 1982) and shall include
the Director general being its executive head and any delegated representative / designated
officer of the Authority.

D1.1.15 "Authorised Person" means a person approved by the Director General.

D1.1.16 "Authorized Medical Examiner" means a Doctor approved by the Director General or the
delegated representative / designated officer and qualified in Aviation Medicine, who may
conduct medical examinations for issue and renewal of Medical Assessments of any class for
grant of a licence or Certificate specified in this ANO.

D1.1.17 “Authority Controlling the Area” means, in the case of a prohibited area - Ministry of
Defence, Government of Pakistan; and in the case of a restricted area - the authority
mentioned in the Aeronautical Publication Information (AIP) as issued / amended from time to
time, being the controlling authority for the area.

D1.1.18 A “Person” means an officer of an organization approved for URCSUA operations, unless
specified otherwise in a particular part or sentence.

D1.1.19 Certified URCSUA Operator means a person certified under this ANO as competent to
manipulate the URCSUA using the control unit/transmitter provided for the task.

D1.1.20 “Chief URCSUA Operator” The single individual under whose final authority the URCSUA
operations are conducted, and will be responsible to the PCAA for all operations.

D1.1.21 "Certificate" means a Certificate issued under the CARs, 94 or under Air Navigation Orders.

D1.1.22 "Competent Authority" means the Director General, or an authorized representative /

designated officer of the Authority.

D1.1.23 “Danger Area” means an area designated by the Director General under Rule 67 of CARs,
94 as a danger area.

D1.1.24 “Delegated Representative / Designated Officer” means an officer of the Authority duly
authorized by the Director General to perform functions under CARs, 94 and this ANO i.e.
Director Airworthiness, Director Flight Standards, Director Operations, as the case may be.

D1.1.25 "Designated Examiner (DE)" means a person duly approved as such by the Competent
Authority.

D1.1.26 Director General means Director General of the Authority (DG CAA).

D1.1.27 "Examination" means written test of theoretical knowledge

D1.1.28 "Flight Plan" means specified information provided to Air Traffic Services units, relative to an
intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.

D1.1.29 "Holder of a License / Certificate" means a person to whom the License or the Certificate
has been granted or issued.

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D1.1.30 “In-sight / Visual Range / Visual Flight Rules (VFR”) - means the method of control and
collision avoidance that refers to the URCSUA OIC or observer directly viewing the URCSUA
with human eyesight. Corrective lenses (spectacles or contact lenses) may be used by the
OIC or observer. Aids to vision, such as binoculars, field glasses, or telephoto television may
be employed as long as their field of view does not adversely affect the surveillance task.

D1.1.31 "Lighter than Air Aircraft" means an aircraft supported chiefly by its buoyancy in the air of
taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight.

D1.1.32 “Maintenance Controller” The single individual under whose final authority the URCSUA
Airships are maintained. He will be responsible to the PCAA in these matters.

D1.1.33 "Medical Assessment" means the evidence issued by Licensing Authority that the holder
meets specific requirements of medical fitness. It is issued following an evaluation by the
Licensing Authority of the reports submitted by the Authorized Medical Officer(s) who
conducted the examination of an applicant for a licence.

D1.1.34 "Miles" means nautical miles.

D1.1.35 "Night" means the hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of
morning civil twilight or such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed
under CARs, 94.

D1.1.36 “Observer” – a trained person who assists the URCSUA OIC in the duties associated with
collision avoidance.

D1.1.37 “Operator-in-Command (OIC)” - means the person in active control of the URCSUA.

D1.1.38 “Operations-Commander (OC)” The “on field” person designated to take responsibility for all
matters related to the operation of the URCSUA that pertain to safety, including safety of
crowd, collision avoidance and adherence to CARs, 94. All operations related matters are also
ultimately his responsibility. OC may also be or act as OIC. OC must be declared before
commencement of operations.

D1.1.39 “Operator” means a person, organization or enterprise engaged in, or offering to engage in
URCSUA operations and having management of URCSUA.

D1.1.40 "Personnel Licensing Office (PLO)’’ means the office who implements the Personnel
licensing policy of the PCAA; and handles all matters dealing with Personnel Licensing.

D1.1.41 “Prohibited Area” means an area designated by the GoP/Director General under Rule 67 of
CARs, 94 to be a prohibited area;

D1.1.42 “Registered URCSUA" means an URCSUA registered in Pakistan.

D1.1.43 “Regulations” means an Air Navigation Order (ANO), Airworthiness Notice (AWN), Air Safety
Circular (ASC), Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) and Notice to Airmen, Aeronautical
Information Circular (AIC), Civil Aviation Publication (CAAP) or any instructions / orders issued
by the Director General.

D1.1.44 “Restricted Area” means an area designated by the DG CAA under Rule 67 of CARs, 94 to
be a restricted area.

D1.1.45 “Rules” means Civil Aviation Rules, 1994 (CARs, 94).

D1.1.46 "Skill Test" means a test of practical knowledge and skill.

D1.1.47 “Specified Frequency” means for particular airspace a frequency specified from time to time
in AIP or by ATC as a frequency for use in the airspace.

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D1.1.48 “Specified Information” means for particular airspace means information specified from time
to time in AIP or by ATC as information that must be broadcast in the airspace.

D1.1.49 “Specified Interval” means the interval specified from time to time in AIP or by ATC as the
interval at which broadcasts must be made.

D1.1.50 “Small UAV Airship” means an Airship UAV with a volume less than or equal to 100 cubic
meters and a gross weight of over a 100 grams.

D1.1.51 “Un-Manned Remotely Controlled Small UAV Airship” (URCSUA) is a Small UAV Airship.

D1.1.52 “UAV” means unmanned airship which (other than a balloon or a kite) whose intended
purpose is other than recreational use.

D1.1.53 “Military” means Air force, Navy, other Para Military Forces where the context so requires.

Note:-

1. There will be no gender discrimination and he will denote “she” wherever the context so
requires.

2. In case any term is not defined herein or there is any ambiguity / confusion, definitions provided
in the Rules shall be referred.

D2. REGISTRATION AND AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS:

D2.1 Registration and Marking requirements: The requirements specified in Airworthiness Notice
No. AWNOT-005-AWXX and CARs, 94 shall be applicable.

D2.2 Airworthiness Exemptions: The URCSUA shall be operated with Pakistan Registration.
However, no Certificate of Airworthiness shall be required. For the purpose of this ANO, URCSUA shall
seek exemption from the following provisions of CARs, 94 in accordance with powers vested in the
Director General under Rule 363 of CARs,94:-

Part-IV of CARs, 94 Contents

Rule No. 16 Aircraft to have a Certificate of Airworthiness
Rule No. 17 Foreign Aircraft to have a Certificate of Airworthiness
Rule No. 18 Issue of Certificate of Airworthiness
Rule No. 19 Conditions of validity of Certificate of Airworthiness
Rule No. 20 Certificate of Airworthiness to be subject to conditions
Rule No. 21 Aircraft not airworthy.
Rule No. 22 Renewal of Certificate of Airworthiness
Rule No. 23 Approval of persons or organizations
Rule No. 24 Suspension or cancellation of approval
Rule No. 25 Approval of maintenance organizations
Rule No. 26 Suspension of cancellation of approval of maintenance organizations
Rule No. 29(2) Maintenance of Private Aircraft
Rule No. 30 Maintenance Manual
Rule No. 31 Minimum Equipment List.

D2.3 MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION APPROVAL:

In accordance with latest version of ANO-001AWXX, the Operators shall seek approval of PCAA for the
purpose of maintaining URCSUA & its associated engines. They shall be required to develop all facilities

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& necessities as prescribed by the manufacturer of URCSUA under supervision of Airworthiness

Inspector. They shall be required to prepare & submit the following to Airworthiness Directorate for
approval:

D2.3.1 Company Exposition Manual.

D2.3.2 Qualification for PCAA approved position of Chief Engineer

D2.3.3 Maintenance Schedule.

D2.3.4 Illustrated parts catalogue, wiring diagram manual / structural repair manual as applicable.

D2.3.5 Source of receipt of modification from manufacturers and Airworthiness Directive, service
bulletins or service letters etc, from regulatory body of country of manufacturer as applicable.

D2.4 AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS:

D2.4.1 Applications for exemptions or permission should be made to Airworthiness Directorate’s / GM

(General Aviation) depending on the area of activity. The application should out-line the details of Mass,
Configuration and Performance of the URCSUA, duly signed by the Operator.

D2.4.2 Security of Radio Control Links & provision for Automated Damage Mitigation Measures in the
event of a malfunction should be considered prime concern along with a presence of multiple inherent
redundancy features to further ensure safety.

D2.4.3 The URCSUA should be endorsed / recognised for commercial operations by the Regulatory
Body of the country of manufacturer.

D2.4.4 In the absence of Approved Maintenance Controller, PCAA may accept representation from
other sources on case-to-case basis where acceptable evidence of their expertise is presented.

D2.4.5 Modification to URCSUA shall be subject to approval of the PCAA / Manufacturer.

D2.4.6 The design, construction & initial flight-testing of URCSUA shall be monitored by PCAA which
shall also carryout oversight on regular basis.

D2.4.7 Person responsible for maintenance of URCSUA must comply with any requirements prescribed
by PCAA for the maintenance of URCSUA.

D2.4.8 A person may carry out maintenance of URCSUA or its component or material, if he holds an
appropriate Airworthiness approval.

D3. PERSONNEL CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS:

D3.1 ELIGIBILITY OIC:

D3.1.1 Age: Applicant shall not be less than 17 years of age.

D3.1.2 Education: Applicant shall hold a Secondary School Certificate (Matriculation) or equivalent
qualification.

D3.1.3 Medical: Applicant shall hold either a valid Micro Light Competency (MCC) Medical Certificate
or a higher Medical Certificate from the PCAA or its authorized Medical Officer.

D3.1.4 Membership: The applicant shall be a member of URCSUA’s organization registered with PCAA
Pakistan.

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D3.1.5 Training Course: The applicant has undergone and completed a training course conducted by
the airship Manufacturer / Operator in the operations of the type of URCSUA that operator proposes to
operate and has received a Competence Certificate or equivalent, and must indicate any applicable
ratings.

D3.2 The applicants with following qualifications and experience shall only require the type training
with URCSUA basic subjects and need to satisfy the requirements prescribed in paras D3.1.3 to D3.1.5,
excluding the extended requirements of Para d3.3(Except D3.3.3):

D3.2.1 The applicant holds or have held a pilot License (PPL or above) or has equivalent military
qualifications; or
D3.2.2 The applicant is a qualified ATCO or has an equivalent military qualification; or
D3.2.3 The applicant is a qualified FOO;

D3.3 AERONAUTICAL KNOWLEDGE OIC:

The training course as mentioned in paragraph 6.1.5 shall include, but not be limited to the subjects
mentioned below:-

D3.3.1 Air Law – Basic Concepts.

D3.3.2 Applicable CARs, 94, ANOs, Directives, Air Safety Circulars.
D3.3.3 Airship General Knowledge.
D3.3.4 Flight performance and planning.
D3.3.5 Human performance and limitations.
D3.3.6 Meteorology.
D3.3.7 Navigation.
D3.3.8 Airship Operational procedures.
D3.3.9 Radiotelephony. Accident / Incident reporting requirements of PCAA.
D3.3.10 Use of the applicable portions of the AIP.
D3.3.11 Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, wind avoidance,
the applicable procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports/ forecasts;
D3.3.12 The safe and efficient operation of airships including collision avoidance, recognition and
avoidance of wake turbulence;
D3.3.13 Weight and balance computations;
D3.3.14 Principles of applicable aerodynamics, power plants and airship systems;
D3.3.15 Aeronautical decision making and judgment;
D3.3.16 Pre-flight action as applicable;
D3.3.17 Radio communication skills

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D3.4 AERONAUTICAL EXPERIENCE OIC:

An applicant shall have the following aeronautical experience to qualify for the Unmanned Airship
Operator’s Certificate:-

D3.4.1 Shall have a minimum of 05 hours experience (under supervision) in operating the type
of airship in uncontrolled airspace;

D3.4.2 A minimum of 10 under-supervision landings and take offs.

D3.5 SKILL TEST OIC:

The applicant shall demonstrate his skill to a PCAA Inspector or a Designated Examiner in the following
fields:

D3.5.1 Take off and landings

D3.5.2 Circuit flying
D3.5.3 Ground level hovering
D3.5.4 Altitude hovering
D3.5.5 Limited glide
D3.5.6 Emergency procedures
D3.5.7 Coordination with respective ATS units

D3.6 SECURITY CLEARANCE OF THE OPERATING CREW AND STAFF:

The Operating crew of URCSUA shall be security cleared from the following security agencies:-

D3.6.1 Intelligence Bureau

D3.6.2 Special Branch Police

D3.7 EXAMINATIONS AND TESTS:

All written examinations, flight/skill or oral tests for demonstration of knowledge and/or skill shall be
conducted by the Operator at such times and places and in a manner determined by PCAA as per
Licensing Regulations

D3.8 CHIEF URCSUA OPERATOR QUALIFICATIONS:

The Chief URCSUA Operator shall be a qualified URCSUA operator holding an Instructor Rating and
being thoroughly knowledgeable in all aspects related to the URCSUA, including but not limited to its
setup / configuration, its mechanicals / electronics, its maintenance, all matters related to its operation
etc. He must also possess considerable practical experience in operating un-manned aircraft. He must
be a competent administrator capable of overseeing the operator’s affairs in this respect and be able to
communicate / remain in coordination efficiently with the PCAA.

D3.9 URCSUA OPERATOR QUALIFICATIONS:

It must be ensured that URCSUA operators interacting with ATC have sufficient expertise to perform that
task readily.
D3.9.1 URCSUA Operators must have an understanding of CARs, 94 applicable to the airspace where
the URCSUA will operate, in particular the relevant provisions/rules.

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D3.9.2 If the URCSUA is operating on an instrument flight plan, the URCSUA Operator must have an
“un-manned” Instrument Rating.

D3.9.3 URCSUA Operators flying URCSUA on other than instrument flight plans must possess the
required knowledge equivalent in all applicable aspects compared to that required for a private pilot
License or higher aeronautical knowledge, for all operations beyond visual line-of-sight and also for all
operations conducted for compensation or hire regardless of visual proximity.

D3.10 RECENT FLIGHT EXPERIENCE:

Operator will not act as an un-supervised Operator-in-Command unless he had three Qualified
Proficiency Events within the preceding 90 days. The term Qualified Proficiency Event is essentially a
broad term because of the diversity of URCSUA types and control systems. A Qualified Proficiency
Event is an event requiring the Operator to exercise the training and skills unique to the URCSUA in
which proficiency is maintained. Instrument experience is similarly defined as six qualified Proficiency
Events in the preceding six calendar months. Instrument Proficiency Event is defined as an event
requiring the Operator to exercise instrument flight skills unique to the URCSUA in which proficiency is
maintained.

D3.11 OPERATIONS COMMANDER (OC) / OPERATOR-IN-COMMAND (OIC) RESPONSIBILITIES:

D3.11.1 One Operations Commander (OC) must be designated at all times and is responsible for
all matters related to the operation of the URCSUA that pertain to safety, ranging from safety of the
URCSUA and persons / property along the URCSUA flight path, to collision avoidance and adherence to
the relevant provisions of CARs, 94. All operation related matters are also ultimately his responsibility.
OC must be declared prior to operation commencement. If the OC is for any reason not physically
present on the field, operations must be halted till another OC is declared.
D3.11.2 Before beginning a flight, the OC shall become familiar with all available information
appropriate to the intended operation. Pre-flight action shall include a careful study of available weather
reports and forecasts, taking into consideration fuel requirements and an alternative course of action if
the flight cannot be completed as planned.
D3.11.3 OC is responsible for a thorough preflight inspection of the URCSUA either himself or by the
flight’s OIC.
D3.11.4 Flight operations will not be undertaken unless the URCSUA is airworthy.
D3.11.5 OC shall at all times ensure the integrity of communication and coordination with ATC.
D3.11.6 The OIC is responsible for flying the Airship in a safe manner and in confluence with any
additional directions provided to him by the OC.
D3.11.7 The URCSUA OIC will be held accountable for controlling his aircraft to the same
standards as the pilot of a manned aircraft and the OC will be responsible for ensuring it.
D3.11.8 The OIC will not allow Day or Night operation of Airship/vessel until especially the flight is
cleared by Operation Dte PCAA also having night standard “Illumination” measures or NOTAM clearance
by the concerned Authority.

D3.12 OIC / OBSERVER TASK LIMITATIONS:

D3.12.1 OIC and observers must not perform crew duties for more than two URCSUA at a time.
D3.12.2 A qualified Observer must assist the OIC when his aircraft is being provided collision
avoidance by visual observation.

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D3.12.3 At no time shall visual observers conduct their duties more than one nautical mile (NM)
laterally from the URCSUA. Even when using aids to vision, such as binoculars, field glasses, or
telephoto television. Visual observers must use caution to ensure that the URCSUA remains within one
mile laterally of them selves.

D4. EXEMPTION FROM PROVISIONS OF CARs, 1994:

D4.1 Parts IV (Section 1 only) Parts V & VI along with Rules 128, of CARs, 94 shall not apply to an
unmanned airship’s licensing, certification and operations, in pursuance of powers vested in DG CAA
under Rule 363 of CARs, 94.

D5. CERTIFICATION AND OTHER FEE TO BE PAID TO PCAA:

D5.1 Fees and other relevant requirements are prescribed by each concerned directorates of PCAA.

D6. URCSUA OPERATING REGULATIONS:

D6.1 RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY OF THE OPERATIONS COMMANDER:

D6.1.1 Operations commander must take responsibility for all matters related to the operation of the
URCSUA that pertain to safety, ranging from safety of crowd, collision avoidance and adherence to
CARs, 94 etc. All operations related matters are also ultimately his responsibility. His responsibilities also
include a thorough survey of the operating area in an effort to predict possible pitfalls and cater for
handling any possible emergencies in the area to ensure that safety persons and property along the flight
path is not compromised.

D6.2 RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY OF THE OPERATOR-IN-COMMAND:

D6.2.1 The Operator-in-Command of an URCSUA is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as
to, the operations of that URCSUA.
D6.2.2 In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the Operator-in-Command may deviate
from any provision of this ANO to the extent required to meet that emergency.
D6.2.3 The Operator-in-Command of an URCSUA, who, in an emergency situation, has deviated from
this ANO under Para D6.2.2 above, shall report it through the Operations Commander by quickest
possible mean followed by a report in writing, without delay to the relevant ATS unit.
D6.2.4 Each person operating an aircraft shall ensure that it gives way to, and remains clear of, all
manned aircraft on the ground and in flight.

Note:

This includes the point to point movement of the URCSUA under its own power with influence of
movement relative to its OIC (who is mobile); for ferrying or other appropriate purposes; that are
not in conflict with the Operator’s AOC or Operations Manual. The OC has the responsibility of
thoroughly surveying the entire flight path, giving primary emphasis to obstacle proximity,
collision avoidance and potential wind funneling. Taking into account provisions for mishap and
alternative / backup plans is mandatory for such an operation.

D6.2.5 Operator must intimate the local ATS unit at least 12 hours before commencement of the
operations along with all operational details.

D6.2.6 PCAA may impose conditions on the approval in the interests of the safety of air navigation.

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D7. APPROVAL OF AREAS FOR OPERATIONS:

D7.1 A person may apply to Director Operations, HQCAA for the approval of an area as an area for
the operation of URCSUA excluding those areas already designated for Military and other purposes.

D7.2 In considering whether to approve an area for any of those purposes, PCAA will take into
account the likely effect on the safety of air navigation of the operations of URCSUA in the area.

D7.3 An approval has effect from the time, written notice of it is given to the applicant, or a later day or
day and time stated in the approval.

D7.4 If PCAA approves and designate an area, the details of approval in NOTAM or on an
aeronautical chart will be published by PCAA.

D7.5 PCAA may revoke the approval of designated area, or change the conditions that apply to such
an approval, in the interests of the safety of air navigation, and publish NOTAM or change on an
aeronautical chart.

D7.6 PCAA must also give written notice of the revocation or change:

D7.6.1 To the person who applied for the approval of the area; or
D7.6.2 If that person applied for that approval as an officer of an organization concerned with URCSUA
and no longer holds that office - to the person who now holds the office.

D7.7 URCSUA may operate in non-designated areas subject to the approval of ATS Units and
according to the condition imposed by the ATS unit concerned.

D7.8 If in a particular case PCAA or the authority to which the information is given requires extra
information about the operation. PCAA or the authority may ask the person for the extra information.

D8. EXEMPTIONS:

D8.1 DG CAA may in relation to a particular URCSUA exempt the URCSUA from compliance with a
specified provision of this ANO.

D8.2 Before DG CAA decides under Para D9.1 to exempt an aircraft from compliance with any
provision, any relevant considerations relating to the safety of air navigation must be taken in to account.

D8.3 DG CAA may impose a condition necessary in the interests of the safety of air navigation on
such an exemption and a person or operator must not contravene such a condition.

D9. CONDITIONS IMPOSED BY PCAA OR ANOTHER AUTHORITY:

D9.1 Where PCAA or another authority is to impose a condition on an approval, permission,

certification or exemption, PCAA or such other authority must give in writing any condition to be imposed
to the person who applied for the approval, permission, certification or exemption.

D9.2 Para D9.1 above shall not apply on the conditions imposed by an ATS unit before operation
and/or during operation of URCSA.

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D10. GENERAL PROHIBITION ON UNSAFE OPERATIONS:

D10.1 HAZARDOUS OPERATION PROHIBITED:

A person must not operate an URCSUA in a way that creates a hazard to another aircraft,
another person, or property.

D10.2 OPERATION IN PROHIBITED OR RESTRICTED AREA

D10.2.1 A person shall apply for operation in or over restricted/prohibited area to the concerned
controlling authority of that area along with intimation to the director operations.
D10.2.2 A person may operate an URCSUA in or over a prohibited area, or in or over a restricted
area, only with the permission of, and in accordance with any conditions imposed by the authority
controlling the area.
D10.2.3 The authority controlling the area must give a written statement of any condition so
imposed to the person who applied for the permission.
D10.2.4 A person shall submit a copy of approval/permission to the Director Operations not less
than one day at least before conducting an operation of URCSUA in or over restricted/prohibited area.

D10.3 OPERATION IN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

A person may operate an URCSUA above 400 feet AGL in controlled airspace only in an area
approved for the operations of unmanned airship of the same kind as the URCSUA, and in accordance
with any conditions of the approval and Air Traffic Control clearance.

D10.4 OPERATIONS IN UN CONTROLLED AIRSPACE:

D10.4.1 A person may operate an URCSUA in an uncontrolled airspace with prior coordination &
permission of Director Operations and in accordance with any conditions of the approval.
D10.4.2 Operation shall be duly coordinated with Air Traffic Services/control Unit and shall be
conducted as per instructions of concerned Area Control Centre/ATS unit.

D10.5 OPERATION IN THE VICINITY OF AERODROMES:

D10.5.1 A person may operate an URCSUA in the vicinity of an aerodrome only in accordance
with the permission of DGCAA and according to Air Traffic Control clearance/instructions.
D10.5.2 The authority from which permission must be obtained under Para D10.5.1 is:-
D10.5.2.1 If the aerodrome concerned is a controlled aerodrome -the air traffic control service for
the aerodrome; or
D10.5.2.2 In the case of any private aerodrome -the owner of the aerodrome (airstrip).

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D11. DETAILS OF OPERATIONS TO BE GIVEN TO THE ATS UNIT:

D11.1 INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED:

D11.1.1 In all cases:

D11.1.1.1 The name, address and telephone number of the person who will operate the URCSUA
and if several people will be involved, the name, address and telephone number of the
person who will coordinate the operation; and
D11.1.1.2 The date and time the operations or release is to begin and how long it is to last; and
D11.1.1.3 Where it is to be carried out; and
D11.1.1.4 If more than one URCSUA to be operated at a time, how many URCSUA to be operated
at that particular time;
D11.1.1.5 Any other information as asked by ATS unit in the interest of flight safety
D11.1.2 The permission granting authority may impose any condition (s) on the permission in the
interests of the safety of air navigation, which must not be contravened by the concerned
person / operator.

D12. GENERAL:

D12.1 “URCSUA Escape”: Each person operating an URCSUA that experiences a loss of controller
link or loss of control over the URCSUA for any other reason, shall immediately notify the nearest ATS
unit:

D12.1.1 The original location of the URCSUA.

D12.1.2 The time the URCSUA lost controller link or control was lost over the URCSUA for any
other reason.
D12.1.3 The status of the URCSUA.
D12.1.4 The estimated flight path of the URCSUA.
D12.1.5 Last known height/altitude

D12.2 Lost Link: The URCSUA must be equipped with a means of automatic recovery or considerable
risk mitigation factors in the event of a lost link. There are many acceptable approaches to satisfy this
requirement. The intent is to ensure that the airborne operations are predictable / recoverable or
considerably non-destructive in nature in the event of Lost Link. Lost link measures must be
autonomously activatable by the airship itself without any external input whatsoever, The Operator must
demonstrate a capability of ensuring that this system is operational. Civil Aviation Authority will judge for
it self the competence of an Operator’s Lost Link system and whether it is indeed worthy of
implementation.

D12.3 Maximum operating height. A person may operate an URCSUA up to 400 feet AGL only in an
area approved as an area for the operation of unmanned airship, and in accordance with any condition(s)
of the approval; or as otherwise permitted under any regulations.

D12.4 Dropping or discharging of things. A person must not cause a thing to be dropped or
discharged from an URCSUA in a way that creates a hazard to another aircraft, person, or property on
ground.

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D12.5 WEATHER AND DAY / NIGHT LIMITATIONS:

D12.5.1 Meteorological Limitations: a person shall not operate an URCSUA:

D12.5.1.1 If the cloud base is low enough to interfere with the URCSUA's visibility;
D12.5.1.2 In circumstances where the ground visibility is less than 1 km unless

D12.5.1.2.1 the URCSUA is in sight of the operator and

D12.5.1.2.2 beneath the cloud base at all times.

D12.5.2 Only URCSUA purpose-built for night time operation(s) will be allowed to operate at
night.
D12.5.3 A person may operate an URCSUA at night; or in conditions other than VFR / In-sight
only if permitted by another provision of any regulation and in accordance with an air traffic control
clearance / instructions.

D12.6 OPERATION OF URCSUA GENERALLY:

D12.6.1 Operation near people:

D12.6.1.1 Subject to the conditions specified in this ANO, a person must not operate an URCSUA
within 30 meters of an individual who is not directly associated with the operations of the URCSUA.
D12.6.1.2 The restriction mentioned above does not apply in relation to an individual who is present
behind the URCSUA while it is taking off.
D12.6.1.3 The restriction mentioned above does not either prevent the operations of a URCSUA
airship within 30 meters of an individual if the URCSUA approaches no closer to the person than 10
meters horizontally and 30 feet vertically.

D12.7 ONBOARD CAMERAS / SENSORS.:

Aerial photography through an URCSUA is not to be conducted except as per provisions of Rule
111 of CARs, 94, along-with proper operation specification issued by Flight Standards Directorate. Aerial
sensors/cameras in an URCSUA are not to be used unless proper authorization from the DGCAA has
been obtained.

D12.8 OPERATING NEAR OTHER AIRCRAFT:

D12.8.1 No person shall operate an URCSUA so close to another aircraft as to create a collision
hazard.
D12.8.2 No person shall operate an URCSUA in formation flight.

D12.9 WHERE URCSUA MAY BE OPERATED:

D12.9.1 A person may operate a URCSUA outside an approved area only if:
D12.9.1.1 Where the URCSUA is operated above 400 feet AGL, the operator has PCAA’s approval
to do so; and

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D12.9.1.2 The operator has duly co-coordinated with Air Traffic Services / Control Unit.

D12.9.2 A person may operate a URCSUA in controlled airspace only if he:

D12.9.2.1 Is a certified URCSUA Operator;

D12.9.2.2 Maintains a listening watch on a specified frequency or frequencies; and
D12.9.2.3 Makes broadcast on a specified frequency or frequencies at the specified interval giving
the specified information.

D12.10 COMMUNICATIONS REQUIREMENT:

Any visual observer, radar monitor, or sensor operator charged with providing collision avoidance for the
URCSUA must have direct communication with the URCSUA Operator.

D13. CONDUCT OF URCSUA OPERATOR:

D13.1 PCAA may direct operator for any additional examinations and tests (written or oral), in addition
to the examination and tests prescribed and approved by PCAA, as and when deem necessary or finding
an operator deficient in the course of routine and surveillance inspections.

D13.2 An applicant shall abide by all the rules regulations and instructions issued form time to time.

D13.3 An applicant shall not make either orally or in writing a statement that is false or misleading,
during an application, for an examination or grant of Licence, Certificate and Rating.

D13.4 A person, who contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of the rules or instructions
therein or displays an unsatisfactory conduct in the examination centre, including infringement of
examination instructions, is guilty of an offence.

D13.5 Such a person shall be liable for disqualification from examination papers including papers
already cleared. The Competent Authority may also debar him from examination/test for six mouths or
less as deemed appropriate. For a similar second offence, he may be disqualified permanently for any
PCAA Licence and Certificate examinations or tests.

D14. COMMERCIAL URCSUA:

D14.1 APPLICABILITY:

D14.1.1 This Para applies to the operations of a URCSUA for commercial purposes.

D14.1.2 Nothing in this Para applies to the operation of a URCSUA if:

D14.1.2.1 while it is being operated, the OIC keeps it In-Sight; and

D14.1.2.2 It is operated in a way that complies with the conditions specified in this ANO or
instructions issued for the time.

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D14.1.2.3 It is not used for political / restricted purposes under any Law / instructions issued by the
concerned authority.
D15. AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE (AOC):

The requirements for issue / renewal of AOC have been specified in ANO-001-FSXX and PCAA
document CAAD-617. For any exemptions from the requirements for issue/ renewal of the AOC, the
operator shall apply to Director Flight Standards or General Manager, General Aviation (South / North).
An organisation that is to operate URCSUA must be a holder of an Air Operator’s Certificate.

D16. ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP:

An organisation that is to operate URCSUA should be a member of an association that deals specifically
with Lighter Than Air technology as a means for guidance, resource availability and upkeep with any new
developments in the field particularly in regards to safety.

D17. POSSESSION AND PRODUCTION OF LICENCES / CERTIFICATES:

The OIC / OC shall be required to be in possession of the Certificate or authorization during operation,
except where the certificate is renewal process. In such cases, he shall carry a photocopy of the
document.

D18. VALIDITY OF THE CERTIFICATE / RENEWALS:

The Operator’s Certificate shall remain valid for the period not more than 24 months and shall be
renewed by the operator subject to meeting such requirements specified by the him with the approval of
PCAA’s concerned directorates as specified in the relevant Air Navigation Orders, unless revoked,
varied, suspended or cancelled by the Competent Authority.

D19. GENERAL EXEMPTIONS:

Apart from the exemptions specified above, DG CAA is empowered to grant any other exemption from
provisions of CARs, 94 on case to case basis, as and when required, in pursuance of powers vested in
him under Rule 363 of CARs, 94 and subject to such terms and conditions as specified in the interest of
flight safety.

D20. SANCTIONS, PENALTIES AND PROSECUTIONS:

Any contravention or violation of this ANO or any provision of Rules / Regulations shall result in
imposition of sanctions and financial penalties, besides prosecutions under the relevant provisions of
CARs, 94.

D21. AMENDMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS:

D21.1 Any subsequent amendments or modifications to this ANO may be processed and incorporated
through Airworthiness Directorate, HQ CAA, in consultation with Chief Legal Services, HQ CAA as and
when required or deemed expedient or appropriate.

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E. EVIDENCES (ACRONYMS / RECORDS / REFERENCES):

E1. ACRONYMS:

AGL ABOVE GROUND LEVEL

ANO AIR NAVIGATION ORDER
AOC AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE
ATC AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
ATCO AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL OFFICER
ATS AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES
CARs CIVIL AVIATION RULES
DE DESIGNATED EXAMINER
DG CAA DIRECTOR GENERAL CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
FOO FORWARD OBSERVATION OFFICER
GM GENERAL MANGER
HQ CAA HEAD QUARTERS CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
ICAO INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
MCC MICRO LIGHT COMPETENCY
NOTAM NOTICE TO AIRMEN
OC OPERATIONS COMMANDER
OIC OPERATOR IN COMMAND
PCAA PAKISTAN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
PLO PERSONNEL LICENSING OFFICER
PPL PRIVATE PILOT LICENSE
UAV UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE
URCSUA UNMANNED REMOTELY CONTROLLED SMALL UAV AIRSHIP
VFR VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

E2. RECORDS:

NIL
E3. REFERENCES

AWNOT-005-AWXX
ANO-001-AWXX
ANO-001-FSXX
CARs 1994
CAAD-617

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INDEX

Sr. No. Contents Page No.

1. Authority 1
2. Purpose 1
3. Scope 1
4. Description 1
5. Definitions 1
6. Registration and Airworthiness requirements 4
7. Personnel Certification requirements 5
8. Exemption from Provisions of CARs, 1994 9
9. Certification and other Fee to be paid to PCAA 9
10. URCSUA Operating Regulations 9
11. Approval of Areas for Operation 10
12. Exemptions 10
13. Conditions Imposed by PCAA or Another Authority 10
14. General prohibition on Unsafe Operations 11
15. Details of Operation of to be given to CAA or ATS Unit. 12
16. General 12
17. Conduct of URCSUA Operator 14
18. Commercial URCSUA 14
19. Air Operator Certificates (AOC) 15
20. Association Membership 15
21. Possession and Production of Licences / Certificates 15
22. Validity of the Certificate / Renewals 15
23. General Exemptions 15
24. Sanctions, Penalties and Prosecutions 15
25. Amendment and Modifications 15
26. Evidences (Acronyms / Records / References) 15

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