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NANOTECHNOLOGY
Dr. Iwona Turlik
Motorola Labs
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Outline
• Background
! Opportunities in Nanotechnology
! Industry Trends
! Nano is here – Current product implementations
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Nanotechnology Revolution
Nanotechnology has the potential to transform life as we know it.
The ability to do things (measure, see, predict and make) on the scale of atoms and
molecules thereby making products either smaller, faster, stronger or with new
properties.
“Nanotechnology
“Nanotechnology isis the
the sixth
sixth truly
truly revolutionary
revolutionary technology
technology
introduced
introduced in
in the
the modern
modern world…”
world…” --D.
--D. Allan
Allan Bromley
Bromley
Former
Former Assistant
Assistant to
to The
The President
President of
of the
the United
United States
States for
for Science
Science and
and Technology
Technology (1989-1993)
(1989-1993)
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History
Timeline: Source: IBM
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Societal Impact of Nanotechnology
from CREDIT SUISSE: Equity Research, May 2003
• Starts as fairly crude technologies with limited use, but spread rapidly into
new applications and enable new markets and industries.
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Nanotechnology
A technology that impacts many industries
Environment
Energy
Transportation
Nanotechnology
Electronics Pharmaceuticals
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CURRENT Consumer Products
• Nano enhanced products are here!!
• Migrating from niche to mainstream
consumer and industry applications
Nanotex
Materials
Nano-careTM
treated fiber
Eddie Bauer
surface with Nanowax: CERAX
~ 200 nm
“whiskers”
Water Proof – Stain Proof
Babolat VS Nanotube
Drive Racquets
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Outline
• Background
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Nanotechnology
A Technology and Market Revolution
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Nano Velcro
• Imagine manufacturing assembly without solder or adhesive
Nano-hooks
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Molecular simulation of
Closing carbon nano-velcro
Estimated ideal pull
strength = 3 GPa
Opening
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Assembly Process Disruption
Current Electronics Assembly Process Flow
Stencil solder Place electronic
Electronic Solder reflow
paste components
Components:
Plastic packaging
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Nano Velcro Market Disruption
Stencil solder Place electronic
Components Solder reflow
Electronic Components: paste
Room temp. attach
Integrated circuit attach
Market Disruption
" Create new industry: paper, textile, thermoplastic high density “PWB’s”
" Create new industry: Velcro finish electronics components
" Create new industry: Reel-to-reel, paper and textile electronics assembly
" Create new industry: Ultra-thin flexible IC manufacturing to replace
traditional IC plastic packaging
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Example Scenario In Auto Industry
Lifetime Tires
Of the 250 million passenger car tires shipped in 2002, 190 million
were replacement tires (MTB, RMA)
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Research to Products
Typical prerequisites:
• Scalable manufacturing processes
• Low cost tools for testing and evaluation
• Well developed supplier base
• Standards
Some disruptive
nanotechnologies may be
inherently scalable with very low
go-to-market times
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Outline
• Background
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Nanotechnology
Major Research Areas for Electronics Industry
Basic Nano-Materials
Includes manufacturing processes, characterization, metrology and standards
E.g. Carbon nano tubes, quantum dots, nano powders, etc.
Electronic Multifunctional
Devices Composites
• Displays • Self-cleaning
• OFETS • Color changing plastics
• Nano pockets • Self-healing
• Memory • Structural materials,
• Super Capacitors, etc. • ‘Aware’ materials, etc.
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Nanotechnology
Current Technology Focus
0 Memory Systems
Source: “Nanotechnology – Size Matters”, white paper, Institute of Nanotechnology Source: CREDIT SUISSE: Equity Research, May 2003
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Nano Materials and Suppliers
A Partial List
Materials Company Applications
Carbon Nano Tubes NEC, Sumitomo, Phillips, Displays
CNI, GE, Hyperion Polymer Composites,
Catalysis, Carbolex, etc. computing, memory,
sensors, fuel cells
Nano silicates Nanocor, SW Clay Paint pigments
Products, Bayer, Honeywell, Polymer composites
etc.
Metals Argonide, Nanomat, NRC, Catalysts, soldering,
etc. welding
Metal Oxides GE, Argonide, Nanophase, Thermal Substrates, heat
Nanomat, etc. dissipating polymers
Quantum dots Qdot, GE, Phillips, Siemens, Medical electronics –
etc. diagnostics
Enablers for Devices and Applications
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Electronic Device Companies
A Partial List
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Multifunctional Composite Companies
A Partial List
Macro-Application Company Benefit
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Outline
• Background
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Motorola
Motorola is engaged in several segments of the
electronics and telecommunication industries
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Application Example: Mobile Phone
optics
acoustics
displays
electronics
coatings
antennas
paints
batteries
composites
sensors/
actuators
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Some applications and benefits of Nanotechnology
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Nano Composites
• A phone housing requires stiffness, toughness, moldability,
paintability, surface finish, flame retardance, chemical resistance and
thermal stability, recyclability, etc.
• Traditional engineering design is often a compromise of these
competing requirements
• Nano materials enable application-specific, tailored material design
e.g:
CNTs and
Nano-silicates
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Nano materials for tailored composites
Compared to current phone housing,
nano materials will have: Extremely flexible (reversible)
• High Strength
• High Stiffness
• High Toughness
• Multifunctionality, etc.
1400 1280 60
J Chem Phys Vol
Modulus 104 No 5 1996
1200 50
1000
40 40
800
30 Deformation Mode:
600 Stone-Wales
20 Transf: Heptagon.
400
207
200 10
24 2.1
0 0.46 0.4 0.055 0
CNT Steel Nylon PC J Chem Phys Vol
104 No 5 1996
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Nano materials for tailored composites
Metal Metal
E max∝ V / R
At 30 V concentrated electric
field ~ 107 to 108 V/cm
Semiconductor
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Nano Silicate Polymer Composites
Nano-silicates: a natural nano-material
Expands to ~ 20 Å
1 nm
Si Tetrahedron
Polymer is compatabalized with nano-silcate Simulation from: Hacket, Mania and Giannelis,
Chem. Mater. 2000, 12,2161-2167
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Nano Silicate Polymer Composites
in-situ nano-silicate
polymerization
Tensile
62 115
Strength 72
(MPa) (0.9x) (1.6x)
Source:
Nanocor Inc.
Elastic
Modulus 1.4
1.1 2.1 (1.9x)
(GPa)
(1.3x)
Nylon 6 Nano-Composite
• Nano materials enables unprecedented opportunities to tailor macro-properties.
• Key driver is interfacial effects versus weighted average of traditional fillers.
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Outline
• Background
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Nanoelements of an OST
Semiconductor
Channel
Source Drain
Gate
Nanoparticle Dielectric
suspensions Nanocomposite oxides,
direct-assembly dielectric
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Nano Emissive Display Selective growth
only on pads
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Self-Healing Materials, Inspired by Biology
Creating a Synthetic Autonomic System
Self-Regulating Self-Generating
Function Function
Active Regulation
Mesoporous Networks
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Self-Healing Materials
Self-healing Functionality: The ability to repair damage automatically without
manual intervention.
Today > 90% strength recovery
60
Load (N)
30
2002
20
10
0
Micron 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500
Displacement ( µ m)
scale
Collaboration with Prof. Nancy Sottos
TAM Dept. & Beckman Institute for
Nano can enable Advanced Science and Technology
self-assembled
nano-containers:
Self-heal at nano scale Fan et al., Nature 2000
Lu, et al., Nature 2001
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Motorola Chairing IEEE Nanotechnology
Working Group
Draft Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Electrical
Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (P1650TM)
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1650
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IEEE Nanotechnology Standards Roadmap
Workshop - Standardization Along the Path from
R&D to Commercialization
http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/nano
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Nano-today is only the beginning……
Richard Feynman,
1965 Nobel laureate in
physics: “There is
Plenty of Room at the
Bottom” envisioned:
1918-1988
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