To the session on Sex linked Inheritance

Sex Linked Inheritance .

bghUslf;fk;

ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk;; rhu;e;j ghuk;gupak;

FBuhBkhBrhk;fs;

ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk;; rhu;e;j $Pd;fs;

Y rhu;e;j gd;g[fs;

X rhu;e;j gd;g[fs;

‘ kdpjupy; epwf;FUL
C
O epwf;FUL tiffs;
N epwf;FUL Brhjid
T
E epwf;FUL ghuk;gupak;
‘ nay;ghd bgz; & epwf;FUL Mz;
N
‘ epwf;FUL bgz; & nay;ghd Mz;
T ‘ fpup!;-fpuh!; ghuk;gupak;
S ‘ #PBkh|gPypah

‘ ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk; rhu;e;j ghuk;gupak; ‘

During the cell division, ‘bry; gpupjypd; BghJ FBuhkhl;od;
the chromatins within the niHfs; FBuhBkhBrhk;fshfpd;wd
cells are transformed into
Chromosomes which FBuhBkhBrhk;fspy; cs;s $Pd;fs;
contains several Genes capupapd; gz;g[fis
and are responsible for epu;zapf;fpd;wd.
the inbuilt characters of
an organism. capupapd; clw;TW, g[wj;Bjhw;wk;
Mfpa clw; gz;g[fis epu;zapg;git
Chromosomes which Ml;Blh Brhk;fs; vd;W
determines the body miHf;fg;gLk; clw;
characters of an FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; MFk;.
organism are called
Autosomes or body xU capupapd; ghy; jd;ikapida[k;,
chromosomes. ghy; jd;ik rhu;e;j gz;g[fisa[k;
epu;zapg;git ghy;
Chromosomes which FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; my;yJ
determines the sex of an my;ByhBrhk;fs; MFk;.
organism are called sex
Chromosomes or
Allosomes.
AUTO SOMES or
BODY CHROMOSOMES
It determines the body
characters of an
Individual
capupapd; clw;TW,
g[wj;Bjhw;wk; Mfpa clw;
gz;g[fis epu;zapg;git Ml;Blh
Brhk;fs; vd;W miHf;fg;gLk;
clw; FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; MFk;

FBuhBkhBrhk;fspd; tiffs;
Types of Chromosomes

xU capupapd; ghy;
ALLOSOMES or
jd;ikapida[k;, ghy; jd;ik
SEX CHROMOSOMES.
rhu;e;j gz;g[fisa[k;
It determines the Sex epu;zapg;git ghy;
FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; MFk;
of an Individual.
 ‘ kdpjdpd; midj;J og;sha;L clw; bry;fspYk; 46 FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; ( 23 mikg;bghj;j Brhofshf) cs;sd.’ ntw;wpy; 22 Brho
mikg;bghj;j FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; Ml;BlhBrhk;fs; MFk;. 23 MtJ Brho ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; MFk;.‘ nit ghy; jd;ikia
epu;zapf;fpd;wd.

‘ bgz;zpd; 23 MtJ In male 23rd pair consists of

Brhoapy; `x` FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; `x` and `y` chromosomes.
kl;Lk; cs;sd. Mzpd; 23Mk; FBuhBkhBrhk;
Brhoapy; `x` kw;Wk; `y`
In female 23rd pair consists of FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; cs;sd.
a pair of `x` chromosomes only.

In Human, each diploid cells are having 46 chromosomes. In these 23 Homologous pair of chromosomes, the
22 pair of chromosomes are Autosomes. The remaining 23rd pair is known as Sex Chromosomes
 ‘ ng;ghy; rhu;e;j $Pd;fs; gw;wp gHg;;g{r;rpfspy; Muha;r;rp bra;J, mtw;wpd; bray;Kiwfis fz;lwpe;jtu;:
“ The Research and Observations of Sex linked genes are made in Drosophila by : T.H. MORGAN (1910)
 ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk;; rhu;e;j $Pd;fs; : tiffs;

Sex Linked Genes present in ‘X`

chromosomes are called ‘X`
linked Genes

ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk;;
rhu;e;j $Pd;fs; `y’
X
FBuhBkhBrhkpy;
fhzg;gl;lhy;, mit `y’ rhu;e;j
$Pd;fs; my;yJ
y B#hByz;l;upf; $Pd;fs;

Sex Linked Genes present in

‘ Y` chromosomes
are called
‘Y` linked Genes or Holandric Genes

Genes present in the Allosomes are known as sex linked genes.

 ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk;; rhu;e;j ghuk;gupak;

Inheritance of Sex linked genes in the organism is

called SEX LINKED INHERITANCE

Inheritance: Acquiring of
Ancestors’ characters through the
genes. Example: Having the same
character of Father or Grandfather
by their offsprings.
ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk;fs; rhu;e;j
$Pd;fspd; kug[f; flj;jy;,
ghy; FBuhBkhBrhk;; rhu;e;j
ghuk;gupak; vdg;gLk;.

About 171 X – linked inherited characters transmitted by gene or genes have been identified in human beings.

‘kdpj ndj;jpy; Rkhu; 171 X FBuhBkhBrhk; rhu;e;j kug[f; flj;jy; gz;g[fs; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd.
 kug[f; flj;jy; gz;g[fs;
HAEMOPHILIA Achromatopsia
- Defect in blood clotting - Color blindness
mechanism Inability to distinguish
failure of clotting of certain colours
blood.
‘epwf;FUL
#PBkh|gPypah (nuj;jk;
ciwahik) – rpy epwA;fis
– nuj;jk; ciwjypy; FiwghL gpupj;jwpa nayhik
Vw;gl;L, nuj;jg;Bghf;F
bjhlu;jy; MUSCULAR
DYSTROPHY
- Progressive difficulty
in Walking.
‘jir gpog;g[
HYDROCEPHALUS
Accumulation of water jir ehu;fspd; tpiwg;ghy;
in Brain. - K}isapy; elf;f nayhik
ePu; Bfhu;it.
Examples for
 kug[f; flj;jy; gz;g[fs;

`y’ rhu;e;jit

Hypertrichosis Pattern baldness

Y- Linked
genes inherit
directly from
‘jiy
male to male
e.g. Hairy tGf;if
pinna or Hyper miljy;
trichosis

‘y` linked

Examples for
 epwf;FUL tiffs;
Types of Color blindness

epwf;FUL ghuk;gupaj; jd;ik

Inheritance of Color blindness

epwf;FUL Brhjidfs;
Color blindness Tests

Just click on the topic you want to know

This disease was discovered by Wilson (1911) ‘ epwf;FUL Behiaf; fz;lwpe;jtu; tpy;rd; (1911) ‘
 ‘ kdpjupy; epwf;FUL
‘ kdpjdpd; tpHpj;jpiuapy; epwA;fis gpupj;jwpaf;Toa rpy rpwg;ghd bry;fs; rptg;g[, gr;ir epwA;fis
BtWgLj;jp mwpag; gad; gLfpd;wd. ‘nit `X’ FBuhBkhBrhkpYs;s Xu; XA;F $Pdhy;
cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. ne;j $Pd;fs; xLA;fpa epiyapy; nUe;jhy; epwA;fis gpupj;jwpaf;Toa bry;fis
cUthf;f Kotjpy;iy. vdBt mk;kdpjd; Fiwe;j btspr;rj;jpy; epwA;fis mwpa Kotjpy;iy. ‘ ne;Beha;f;F
epwf;FUL vd;W bgau;.

The Color sensitive cells are

formed by a dominant gene
present in the X chromosome.
This is `X ` linked gene.

Cone cells are If this gene occurs in recessive

responsible for form, there is no function of
distinguish the Color sensitive cells. Such
colors of the object person cannot distinguish the
color in the dim light.
Rod cells are
responsible for
This disease is known as Color
In human eye, the retina contains rod cells
distinguish the object Blindness or Achromatopsia.
and cone cells

Color Blindness in Man

 T
Y
P
E
S
O
Person who F
cannot distinguish C
Rptg;g[ epwj;ij kl;Lk; O
L
gpupj;jwpa nayhj Beha; O
g[Buhl;BlhBdhgpah R
B
L
I
N
D
‘gr;ir epwj;ij kl;Lk; N
gpupj;jwpa nayhj E
Beha; Red colour is Green colour is S
oa{oBuhBdhgpah known as known as S-

PROTONOPIA. DEUTRONOPIA
Inheritance of Color Blindness
Inheritance of Color Blindness between Normal woman & Color blind ‘nay;ghd bgz;Zf;Fk;, epwf;FUL MZf;Fk; nilBa
Man eilbgWk; epwf;FUL ghuk;gupak;
Normal XX XY Color blind
nay;ghd Parents epwf;FULf;fhd
Mother Father
ghu;itf;fhd XA;F CC bgw;Bwhu; c- xLA;F $Pd; (c)
$Pd;fis (C C ) nay;ghd epwf;FUL je;ij I VjhtbjhU X
bgw;Ws;s bgz;, jha;; FbuhBkhBrh-
epwf;FULf;fhd $Pd;fs; kpy; bgw;W
xLA;F $Pd; (c - nUe;Jk;
C C c
) bgw;Ws;s Mizj; - epwf;FUL
jpUkzk; bra;jhy;, Beha; btspg;
mtu;fspd; Kjy; glhky;
jiyKiw (F1) nUg;gjhy;
Normal nk;kfs;fs;
kfd;fSk;, kfs;fSk; Normal Daughter
nay;ghf XY F1 Generation XX epwf;FUL
Son (Carrier)
jhA;fpfs;
(epwf;FUL
nay;ghd C- jiyKiw Cc nay;ghd kfs;
ny;yhky;) vd;wiHf;fg;
kfd; (jhA;fp) gLfpd;wdu;.
cs;sdu;. Mdhy;
epwf;FULf;fhd
$Pd; (c) je;ij nay;ghd XA;F
C - C c
aplkpUe;Jk; $Pid
epwf; FUL XA;F jhaplkpUe;J
F2 Gen.
$Pd; (C ) I jiyKiw
bgw;wpUg;gjh
jhaplkpUe;Jk; Yk;, vt;tpj
kfs; bgWfpwhs; $PDk; mw;w Y
XX XY XX XY FBuhkBrhkhYk
CC C- Cc c- ; kfd;fs;
nay;ghd
Normal Grand Normal Son Normal Carrier Color blind ghu;itia
Daughter nay;ghd Daughter n.Bgj;jp Grand son
(jhA;fp) bgWfpd;wdu;.
nay;ghd Bgj;jp Bgud; epwf;FUL Bgud;
Inheritance of Color Blindness between Normal woman & Color blind ‘nay;ghd bgz;Zf;Fk;, epwf;FUL MZf;Fk; nilBa
Man eilbgWk; epwf;FUL ghuk;gupak;
Normal XX XY Color blind
Mother Parents Father - - -ghu;itia
CC bgw;Bwhu; c- bgWfpd;wd
nay;ghd epwf;FUL je;ij
‘epwf;FUL jha;; u;. ‘khwhf,
jhA;fpahf $Pd;fs;
Mz;fspy;
cs;s Kjy; jiy C C (Bgud;fs;)
c -
Kiw kfs; (Cc) 50%
nay;ghd (C- nay;ghd
)Mizj; ghu;itia (C-)
Normal
jpUkzk; Normal Daughter cilatuhft[k;,
bra;tjhy; Son XY F1 Generation XX (Carrier) vq;rpa 50%
bgWk; F2 nay;ghd C- jiyKiw Cc nay;ghd kfs; Mz;fs;
kfd; (jhA;fp)
jiyKiw bgz;fs; epwf;FUL
(Bgj;jpfs;) cilatuhft[k;
(Cc) my;yJ C - C c nUg;gu;
(C-)
F2 Gen.
$PBdhilg; Mf jiyKiw
nUg;gjhy;
nay;ghd XX XY XX XY
CC C- Cc c-
Normal Grand Normal Son Normal Carrier Color blind
Daughter nay;ghd Daughter n.Bgj;jp Grand son
(jhA;fp)
nay;ghd Bgj;jp Bgud; epwf;FUL Bgud;
‘nay;ghd bgz;Zf;Fk;, epwf;FUL MZf;Fk; nilBa Inheritance of Color Blindness between
eilbgWk; epwf;FUL ghuk;gupak; Normal Man & Color blind Woman
Parents
Normal Color blind
Father
XY bgw;Bwh XX Mother
u;
nay;ghd C- cc epwf;FUL jha;
je;ij

X Y X X
- c c
C

F1 Generation
jiyKiw

nay;ghd XX XY epwf;FUL
kfs; Normal Daughter Color Blind Son kfd;
(jhA;fp) Cc c-
 F1 Generation
nay;ghd XX jiyKiw XY epwf;FUL
kfs; Normal Daughter F1 Color Blind Son kfd;
Cc c-

XX
Cc
n. Normal
Bgj;jp Grand
Daughter
XX XY
cc
‘ep. Color F2 n. c.-
Bgj;jp Blind Bgud; Normal
Grand XY Grand
Daughter c.- Son
Color ‘ep.
‘nay;ghd bgz;Zf;Fk;, Blind Bgud;
Inheritance of Color
epwf;FUL MZf;Fk; nilBa GrandSon Blindness between
eilbgWk; epwf;FUL Normal Man &
ghuk;gupak; Color blind Woman
 Son
$PDk;, mjd; Father Grand Son
gz;g[fSk; mLj;jj;
jiyKiwf;Ff;
flj;jg;gLk;
kug[f;flj;jBy
fpup^; fpuh^;
ghuk;gupak;
MFk;. Criss- cross is a typical
pattern of inheritance of gene
‘ nt;tifapy; je;ijapd; and its characters
gz;g[fs; kfs; tHpahf
Mother Grand Daughter
BguDf;Fk; my;yJ
jhapd; gz;g[fs; kfd; je;ijapd; gz;g[fs; jhapd; gz;g[fs;
kfs; tHpahf kfd; tHpahf
tHpahf Bgj;jpf;Fk; BguDf;F Bgj;jpf;F
flj;jg;gLfpd;wd.’
From the Father through From the mother through
F1 daughter to the F2 F1 son to the F2 Grand
Grand son daughter
 #PBkh|gPypah Beha; jpOu;
khw;wkile;j X – rhu;e;j xLA;F
Haemophilia or $Pdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ. ‘ ne;j
Bleeders disease $Pd;fs;, nuj;jk; ciwtij jil
is caused by X – bra;a[k; mtrpakhd bghUl;fis
linked gene which Bjitahd mst[ cw;gj;jp
is mutant and bra;tjpy;iy. ‘ njdhy; nay;ghf
recessive.When nuj;jk; ciwtJ jilgl;L bjhlu;e;j
this gene exists, nuj;jg; Bghf;Fk;, kaf;fepiya[k;
there is no nWjpapy; kuzKk;
production of BeupLfpd;wJ.
substances
necessary for
blood clotting, and
results in
Haemophilia.

Haemophilia was first discovered by John Cotto (1803) #PBkh|gPypah Behiaf; fz;lwpe;jtu; $hd; Bfhl;Blh (1803)
 This hereditary disease is
common in Males rarely occurs
in Females. A girl with this
disease will face death due to
severe bleeding at the time of
puberty. As like color blindness,
this recessive gene for
haemophilia follows the criss
cross inheritance. Sufferers of this
disease are called as
Haemophiliacs.
‘ ng; guk;giu Beha; bgz;fis tpl
Mz;fspy;jhd; mjpfk;
fhzg;gLfpwJ. bgz;fspy; ne;
Beha; fhzg;gl;lhy;, mg;bgz; gUt
Kjpu;r;rp mila[k; BghJ Vw;gLk;
nuj;jg; Bghf;F ePoj;J, nwf;f
BeupLfpwJ. ‘ ne;Beha;f;F
fhuzkhz xLA;F $Pd;, epwf;FUL
Bghd;W fpup^; -fpuh^;
ghuk;gupaj;ij gpd;gw;WfpwJ.

‘ne; Beha; cs;stu;fs; #PBkh-

|gPypahf;^; vd;wiHf;fg;gl;ldu;.

Alfonso, Prince of spain died in an car accident due to non clotting of blood by this disease haemophilia
#PBkh|gPypah Behapdhy; fhu;tpgj;jpy; kuzkile;jtu;: my;Bghd;rh vDk; !;bgapd; ehl;L nsturu;
‘epwf;FUL Brhjid gFjp Color blindness test Session

The following two tests for color blindness are

highly reliable and authentic

Check your eyes for

Click here or Hit
the space bar to
AchroMatopsia
start the tests

‘ gpd; tUk; epwf;FUL Brhjidfs; tHpahf cA;fSila ghu;itapd;; epwA;fis gpupj;jwpa[k;

jd;ikapid mwpe;J bfhs;s naYk; ‘
 Have a look at the dot pattern.
What are you seeing?
The test to Which
the leftNumber?
is simpler.
The individual with normal
`g[s;spfspdhyhd
color vision will see 5
gFjpapy; ghu;f;ft[k;.
revealed in the
‘ePA;fs; ghu;f;Fk; vz; vJ?
dot pattern.

Have a Look
‘ ePA;fs; ghu;j;j vz;
at here 5 vdpy; nay;ghdtu;
‘ nA;Bf 2 vdpy; epwf;FUL cs;sJ
ftdpf;ft[k;

An individual with
Red/Green (the most common)
Color Blindness will see a 2
revealed in the dots
 Find the Number in the dot patterns
Compare it with the table of results here.
*
‘ g[s;spfspyhd tl;lA;fspy; mike;Js;s
vz;iz fz;Lgpo.
ml;ltidapy; Kot[fis rup ghu;f;ft[k;

Red – Green Normal Color Vision

Color Blindness
Left Right
Left Right
Top 25 29
Top 25 Spots
Middle 45 56
Middle Spots 56
Bottom Spots Spots Bottom 6 8

‘ ‘ ‘ T. MADHAVAN., M.Sc., M.Ed., M.L.I.S., M.Phil., P.G.D.C.A., Lecturer in Zoology, Bharathi Government Higher Secondary School, Bahour.
“ end of the session ”
http://www.umds.ac.uk/physiology/daveb/brainday/colourblindness/cblind.htm
[color blind tests]
http://www.toledo-bend.com/colorblind/Ishihara.html
sex linked inheritance
http://www.kumc.edu/SAH/med_tech/mt705/mendelian/mgsli.html
motion clips
http://dgl.microsoft.com/?CAG=1
nucleus
www.eurekascience.com/ICanDoThat/ plant_cells.htm
color blind test
http://www.toledo-bend.com/colorblind/Ishihara.html
www.barrysclipart.com
for using this
presentation