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Physics Experiment 8 About Electronic
Physics Experiment 8 About Electronic
I. Objectives
✓ To understand the idea of load effect
✓ To understand the criteria of maximum power transfer
✓ To calculate current value from two different supplies
II. Scope
A. Theory
1. Load Effect
If a supply is given a load, then the voltage on the load is depend on the load
value.
Vps VRL
= RT = R1 + RL
RT RL
(eq.8.1)
RL
VRL = Vps
RL + R1
R1
+ I
VPS RL
-
Figure 8.1
2. Power Transfer
The maximum power transfer theorem is stated as follows : For a given
source voltage, maximum power is transferred from a source to a load
when the load resistance is equal to the internal source resistance.
In this experiment, we try to get the power as maximum as possible from the
power supply. From the Figure 8.2, the power that is accepted by RL is:
Rd
+ +
RL VRL
- -
Figure 8.3
3. Superposition
A general statement of the superposition theorem is as follows: The
current in any given branch of a multiple-source circuit be found by
determining the current in that particular branch produced by each
source acting alone, with all other sources replaced their internal
resistances. The total current in the branch is the algebraic sum of the
individual current in that branch.
+
A1 - -
A2 +
I
Rangkaian Rangkaian
+ +
Linear R Linear
V1 V2
- -
Figure 8.4
Simply, it can be written as: I1 + I2 = I
I1 = the current that is produce by source V1 by considering V2 = 0
I2 = the current that is produce by source V2 by considering V1 = 0
I =the current that is produced by source V1 and V2
III. Devices
• Power Supply I
• Power Supply II
• Practicum Plat
• Digital Multimeter
• Components: R = 100, 220, 300(2), 470,560, 680, 1K,1K2, 2K, 2K2,10K
DC lamp
Figure 8.5
1. Design the components in Figure 8.5 into a breadboard.
2. Adjust the voltage to 10V.
3. Measure the current, VR1 and VRL , then write down the value on table
8.1.
4. Change the RL according to table 8.1, then repeat step 3.
Physics Guidance Computer Engineering Laboratory
Experiment 8 Page 4 of 9
Table 8.1
Load I VR1 VRL
by RL = 560
by RL = 1K2
by RL = 2K
by RL = 10K
b. Power Transfer
Figure 8.6
1. Design the circuit in Figure 8.6 into a breadboard.
2. Adjust the Vps according to table 8.2.
3. Write down the I value.
Touch the resistor. What is the effect when Vps is increased? Is it Hot?
Table 8.2
Power Load
Vps I
(V . I)
2V
4V
6V
8V
10V
RD 300
+ + +
_ 5V V RL
V
_ _
+ -
A
X Y
Figure 8.7
1. Design the components in Figure 8.7 into a breadboard. (R1 = 300Ω and
RL = 100Ω)
2. Adjust the supply voltage to 5V.
3. Measure the voltage in RL (VRL), and the current in XY (IXY). From the
current and voltage that is gotten, calculate manually the power on RL
(PRL = VRL . IXY) then write down the value to table 8.3.
4. Repeat the measurement with load RL according to table 8.3.
Table 8.3
RL 100 220 300 470 560 1K
VRL
IXY
PRL
A B
Figure 8.8
Table 8.4
I V P
LED1
LED2
Figure 8.9
Table 8.5
Vps I V P
LED1
LED2
220 560
+ + R3 2K2
V V ps2
V _ ps1
_
A
Figure 8.10