Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Geometry 2018.
Geometry 2018.
Geometry 2018.
Adjacent Angles
Two angles which share the same vertex and have a common side are called adjacent angles.
Complementary Angles
Complementary angles are two angles which when summed equals 90°.
Supplementary Angles
Supplementary angles are two angles which when summed equals 180°.
Equilateral Triangle: All three sides/angles equal in size. Right-Angled Triangles have one right angle.
Isosceles Triangle: Two sides/angles equal in size. Obtuse-Angled Triangles have one obtuse angle.
Scalene Triangle: No sides/angles equal in size. Acute-Angled Triangles have three acute angles.
R P 1) June 2010
T 115o o
x U Determine, giving a reason for EACH of your answers, the value of
(i) x [2] (ii) y [2]
V 54o yo
Q S W
4) Jan 2012
J The diagram shown below shows TWO triangles, JKL and MLP, with JK
parallel to ML. LM = MP, KLP is a straight line, angle JLM = 22o and
angle LMP =36o.
M Calculate, giving reasons for your answers, the measure of EACH of
36o the following:
(i) ∠𝑀𝐿𝑃
(ii) ∠𝐿𝐽𝐾
(iii) ∠𝐽𝐾𝐿
22o
(iv) ∠𝐾𝐿𝐽 [4]
K L P
K
40o
5) June 2006
In the quadrilateral KLMN, not drawn to scale, LM = LN = LK, ∠𝐾𝐿𝑀 =
140𝑜 , and ∠𝐿𝐾𝑁 = 40𝑜 .
140o N
Giving the reasons for each step of your answer, calculate the size of L
M
(i) ∠𝐿𝑁𝐾 [2]
(ii) ∠𝑁𝐿𝑀 [2]
(iii) ∠𝐾𝑁𝑀 [2]
A 6) Jan 2008
The diagram, not drawn to scale, shows a quadrilateral ABCD with AB = AD,
∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 90𝑜 and ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = 42𝑜 . AB is parallel to DC.
Calculate, giving reasons for your answers, the size of EACH of the following
angles.
B D
42o (i) ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶
(ii) ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷
(iii) ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 [6]
C
7) June 2017
PTRS, not drawn to scale, is a quadrilateral. Q is a point on PT
such that QT = QR = QP. Angle QRT=76o.
POLYGONS
A polygon is any figure joined by straight lines.
Regular polygons have all sides and all angles equal.
A B
108o
8) June 2005
In the diagram shown, not drawn to scale, ABCDE is a pentagon. AE is
parallel to CD.
yo
Calculate the size of the angle marked 80o C
(i) xo E
xo 57o
D
(ii) yo [4]
Show all steps in your calculations and give reasons for your answers.
QUADRILATERALS
A quadrilateral is any figure, joined by four straight lines.
Properties of
Quadrilaterals:
-Four sides.
-Four vertices (corners).
-Interior angles sum to 360°.
-Exterior angles sum to 360°.
Rectangle
All four angles are right angles.
Opposite sides are equal and parallel.
Diagonals are equal in length and bisect each other.
Rhombus
All four sides are equal.
Opposite sides are parallel.
Opposite angles are equal.
Diagonals bisect each other at right angles.
Square
All four sides are equal.
All four angles are right angles.
Opposite sides are parallel.
Diagonals are equal in length.
Diagonals bisect each other at right angles.
Parallelogram
Opposite sides are equal and parallel.
Opposite angles are equal.
Diagonals bisect each other.
Trapezium
One pair of opposite sides are parallel.
Special trapeziums are the isosceles trapezium and the right trapezium.
Kite
Two pairs of adjacent sides, which are equal in length
Diagonals intersect at right angles
One pair of equal opposite angles
One diagonal is bisected by the other
Two pairs of congruent triangles are formed
SIMILAR TRIANGLES
Congruent triangles have the same dimensions (area, angles and side lengths).
Similar Triangles have the same sized angles. The ratio of corresponding sides is the same.
1) The picture below shows two similar right triangles. Find the exact value of x.
Pythagoras’ Theorem
In a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is c
a
equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐 b
35m
x
100m
12cm (6) x
(4) 8cm (5) 21m
x
49cm
11mm
25cm
x 68cm
x
3.2mm
AREA OF A TRIANGLE
1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2 𝑏ℎ b is the base of the triangle
h is the height of the triangle.
Heron’s Formula
(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)
Given three sides 𝑠 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐)
2
6cm 9m 16cm
50cm
18cm 55o
20cm
15cm 75cm
80o
46o
66cm
15cm
16cm
N
6cm 8cm
O M M’
In the diagram, not drawn to scale, ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB=AC and
angle ABC =54o. DE is parallel to BC.
(i) Calculate, giving a reason for your answer, the measure of:
D E a) ∠BAC
b) ∠AED [4]
54o
B C (ii) Explain why triangles ABC and ADE are similar but not congruent. [2]
A 12) Jan 2012 (See Jan 2018 for a very similar question)
The diagram, not drawn to scale, shows a regular hexagon with centre, O,
5cm O and AO = 5cm.