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A Brief Introduction To Trusses - Rimoli
A Brief Introduction To Trusses - Rimoli
A Brief Introduction To Trusses - Rimoli
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure
1:
Examples
of
structures
composed
of
trusses.
(a)
Little
Belt
truss
bridge
in
Denmark,
(b)
Eiffel
Tower
in
Paris,
and
(c)
NASA’s
Morpheus
moon
lander.
Trusses
are
defined
as
structures
composed
of
slender
bars
connected
to
each
other
through
pins
at
their
end
points.
In
practice,
joints
do
not
have
to
be
pinned:
we
can
assume
a
joint
behaves
as
if
it
was
pinned
as
long
as
all
the
bars
passing
through
a
joint
intersect
at
a
single
point.
For
example,
figure
2(a)
shows
a
real
truss
bridge.
Its
members
are
joined
together
through
metallic
plates
and
bolts.
Since
all
members
intersect
at
a
single
point
for
every
joint,
we
can
idealize
the
structure
of
the
bridge
for
purposes
of
analysis.
Figure
2(b)
shows
the
idealized
bridge,
where
the
light
blue
joints
represent
frictionless
pins.
(a)
(b)
Figure
2:
(a)
Real
truss
bridge,
and
(b)
idealized
structure.
Another
characteristic
of
trusses
is
that
they
can
be
connected
to
the
supports
only
through
its
joints.
Consequently,
2-‐dimensional
trusses
can
only
use
two
types
of
supports:
pins
and
rollers.
Figure
3
shows
the
common
schematic
representations
for
these
supports.
Since
bars
are
attached
to
its
supports
through
frictionless
pins,
a
single
bar
attached
only
to
one
support
is
always
free
to
rotate
about
it,
regardless
of
the
type
of
support.
Thus,
the
only
difference
between
pins
and
rollers
is
that
pins
prevent
all
possible
translations,
while
a
single
bar
attached
to
a
roller
is
allowed
to
translate
in
the
roller
direction.
(a)
(b)
Figure
3:
Schematics
for
typical
supports.
(a)
Pin:
attached
bars
could
possibly
rotate
about
the
pin,
but
translation
is
prevented.
(b)
Roller:
attached
bars
could
possibly
rotate
about
the
pin
and
translate
in
a
specified
rolling
direction.
The
final
consideration
when
dealing
with
trusses
is
related
to
the
point
of
application
of
external
loads:
all
external
loads
must
be
applied
at
the
joints,
see
Figure
4.
If
an
external
load
is
applied,
for
example,
at
some
point
within
the
central
region
of
a
bar,
then
the
structure
will
stop
behaving
like
a
truss
and
common
analysis
methods
for
trusses
cannot
be
applied.
In
addition,
application
of
loads
to
places
other
than
joints
would
most
likely
result
in
premature
failure
of
the
structure
due
to
bending
of
the
bar
under
consideration.
Figure
4:
Loads
can
only
be
applied
on
joints
of
trusses,
either
by
directly
placing
them
on
the
joints
(left)
or
by
using
an
extra
bar
to
attach
them
to
the
desired
joint
(right).
In
summary,
a
structure
should
satisfy
the
following
requirements
to
be
considered
as
a
truss:
1) It
must
be
composed
of
slender
bars
joined
to
other
bars
only
through
frictionless
pins
at
their
ends.
2) It
is
connected
to
external
supports
(if
any)
only
through
its
joints.
3) External
loads
are
applied
only
on
its
joints.
If
all
these
conditions
apply,
methods
of
analysis
become
really
simple,
as
we
will
see
in
the
document
entitled
“The
Method
of
Joints”.