166 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

Table 3-3 ance between these two faces prevents leak-

Basic Parts of a Centrifugal Pump
Part Purpose
Impeller Imparts velocity to the liquid, resulting from
centrifugal force as the impeller is rotated.
Casing Gives direction to the flow from the impeller
and converts this velocity energy into pres-
sure energy which is usually measured in feet
of head.
Shaft Transmits power from the driver to the im-
peller.
Stuffing box This is a means of throttling the leakage
which would otherwise o c ~ w at the point of
entry of the shaft into the casing. Usually not
a separate part, but rather made up of a
group of small details, as “A” to “D”.
(A) Packing This is the most common means of throttling
the leakage between the inside and outside of
the casing.
(B) Gland To position and adjust the packing pressure.
(C) Seal gage Provides passage to distribute the sealing me-
(also called dium uniformly around the portion of the
water-seal shaft that passes through the stuffing box.
OF lantern This is very essential when suction lift con-
ring ditions prevail to seal against in-leakage of air.
(D) Mechanical Provides a mechanical sealing arrangement
seal that takes the place of the packing. Basically
it has one surface rotating with the shaft and
one stationary face. The minutely close clear-
age of liquid out or air in.
Shaft sleeve Protects the shaft where it passes through the
stuffing box. Usually used in pumps with
packing but often eliminated if mechanical
seals are employed.
Wearing rings Keeps internal recirculation down to a mini-
mum. Having these rings as replaceable wear-
ing surfaces permits renewal of clearances to
keep pump efficiencies high. On m a l l types
only one ring is used in the casing and on
larger sizes, companion rings are used in the
casing and on the impeller.
Wearing plates With open type impellers or end clearance
wearing fits, these perform the same purpose
as wearing rings do with radial clearances.
Bearings Accurately locate shaft and carry radial and
thrust loads.
Frame To mount unit rigidly and support bearings.
In most single suction pumps this is a sepa-
rate piece. I n many double suction pumps, the
support is through feet cast as part of the
casing. In some special suction pumps, the
feet are also part of the casing and the bear-
ing assembly is overhung. With close coupled
single suction types, this support is provided
by the motor or by special supporting adap-
ters.
Coupling Connects the pump to the driver.

MODIFIED STUFFING B O X . . avail-. CASING is horizontally split to permit STANDARD DEEP STUFF-
able with John Crane Type 1 mechqni- removal of top half without disturbing ING BOX carries generous
t a l seals. These mechanical seals are piping. Suction and discharge connec- packing; i s easily access-
easy to install in the field and are car- tions are in lower half of casing. ible. Stuffing box contains
lied in stock. split seal cages and split
glonds. Gland bolts are
c o m p Ie t e I y removable.
Bushing at bottom of stuff-
ing box i s close fitting and
readily reploceable.

SHAFT i s heat treated, ex-

tra heavy to take maximum
radial thrust. Shaft sup-
ports impeller between
bearings for longer bear-
ing, wearing ring and pack-
ing life.
/
ALL BEARINGS, grease-
ibricated, held in bearing
wring of heavy one-piece
mstruction - are excep-
/ Pnally well sealed against

I \ moisture. Brackets holding

W E A R I N G R I N G S pro-
tect casing, are easily re-
placed, assure continuous
high efficiency. Impeller
rings and tongue and
groove casing rings are
a v a i l a b l e a t nominal
extra cost.
housing are cost integral
with the casing. Bearing
covers are also of heavy
IMPELLER, hydraulically one-piece construction and
balanced - double suction are interchangeable end
enclosed type for better .
for end.. and contain sta-
performance under critical tionary member of laby-
suction conditions. rinth seal.

Figure 3-4. Centrifugal Pump, double suction single-stage impeller. (Courtesy Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Co.)