Geography project

Name- Souradeep Das

Class- X
Sec- C
Roll no.- 37
 JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Srinagar- The city is located on both the sides
of the Jhelum River, which is called Vyath in
Kashmir. The river passes through the city and
meanders through the valley, moving onward
and deepening in the Dal Lake. The city is
famous for its nine old bridges, connecting the
two parts of the city.
There are a number of lakes and swamps in and
around the city. These include the Dal,
the Nigeen, the Anchar, Khushal Sar, Gil
Sar and Hokersar.
Hokersar is a wetland situated near Srinagar.
Thousands of migratory birds come to Hokersar
from Siberia and other regions in the winter
season.
Srinagar is one of several places that have been
called the "Venice of the East" or the "Kashmiri
Venice" Lakes around the city include Dal Lake –
noted for its houseboats – and Nigeen Lake.
Apart from Dal lake and Nigeen lake city is also
famous for Wular lake and Manasbal lake to
the north of Srinagar. Wular lake is one of the
largest fresh water lakes in Asia.
Srinagar has some Mughal gardens, forming a
part of those laid by the Mughal emperors
across the Indian subcontinent. Those of
Srinagar and its close vicinity include Chashma
Shahi (the royal fountains); Pari Mahal (the
palace of the fairies); Nishat Bagh (the garden
of spring); Shalimar Bagh; the Naseem Bagh.
Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Botanical Garden is
a botanical garden in the city, set up in 1969.
The Indian government has included these
gardens under "Mughal Gardens of Jammu and
Kashmir" in the tentative list for sites to be
included in world Heritage sites.
The Sher Garhi Palace houses administrative
buildings from the state government. Another
palace of the Maharajas, the Gulab Bhavan, has
now become the Lalit Grand Palace hotel.
The Shankaracharya Temple which lies on a hill
top in the middle of the city, besides the Kheer
Bhawani Temple are important Hindu temples
in the city.
Amarnath Temple- Amarnath cave is
a Hindu shrine located in Jammu and Kashmir,
India. The cave is situated at an altitude of
3,888 m (12,756 ft), about 141 km (88 mi)
from Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and
Kashmir and reached through Pahalgam town.
The shrine forms an important part
of Hinduism, and is considered to be one of the
holiest shrines in Hinduism. The cave is
surrounded by snowy mountains. The cave itself
is covered with snow most of the year except
for a short period of time in summer when it is
open for pilgrims. Thousands of Hindu devotees
make an annual pilgrimage to the Amarnath
cave on challenging mountainous terrain to see
an ice stalagmite formed inside the cave.
 HIMACHAL-PRADESH
Shimla- Shimla lies in the south-western
ranges of the Himalayas . The city stretches
nearly 9.2 kilometres (5.7 mi) from east to
west. Shimla was built on top of a total of seven
different hills namely: Inverarm Hill,
Observatory Hill, Prospect Hill, Summer Hill,
Bantony Hill, Elysium Hill and Jakhu Hill. The
highest point in Shimla is the Jakhu hill, which is
at a height of 2,454 metres (8,051 ft).
The city is a Zone IV (High Damage Risk Zone)
per the Earthquake hazard zoning of India.
Weak construction techniques and an
increasing population pose a serious threat to
the already earthquake prone region. There are
no bodies of water near the main city.

Some of the tourist spots are:-

Jakhu temple, Jakhu hills, Lalpani.
Rohtang Pass- The pass provides a natural
divide between the Kullu Valley with a
primarily Hindu culture (in the south), and the
arid high-altitude Lahaul and Spiti valleys with
a Buddhist culture (in the north). The pass lies
on the watershed between
the Chenab and Beas basins. On the southern
side of this pass, the Beas River emerges from
underground and flows southward and on its
northern side, the Chandra River (flows from
the eastern Himalayas), a source stream of the
river Chenab, flows westward.
 WEST-BENGAL
Digha- Digha is a seaside resort town in the
state of West Bengal, India. It lies in Purba
Medinipur district and at the northern end of
the Bay of Bengal. It has a low gradient with a
shallow sand beach. It is the most popular sea
resort in West Bengal.

It is located 183 km (114 mi)

from Kolkata/Howrah via Mecheda and 234 km
(145 mi) via Kharagpur, this proximity has
probably helped this small hamlet to emerge as
a popular weekend getaway with number of
good hotels and tourist lodges. Digha is
connected to Kolkata/Howrah by a highway
and a rail-link via Tamluk.

Some of the tourist places in Digha are:-

Amarabati park, planetarium, Kajaldighi lake,
Science city, Old and New Digha Sea beach.
Darjeeling- Darjeeling is the main town of
the Sadar subdivision and also the headquarters
of the district. It is located at an elevation of
6,700 ft (2,000 m) in the Darjeeling Himalayan
hill region on the Darjeeling-Jalapahar range
that originates in the south from Ghum. The
range is Y-shaped with the base resting
at Katapahar and Jalapahar and two arms
diverging north of the Observatory Hill. The
north-eastern arm dips suddenly and ends in
the Lebong spur, while the north-western arm
passes through North Point and ends in the
valley near Tukver Tea Estate. The hills are
nestled within higher peaks and the snow-clad
Himalayan ranges tower over the town in the
distance. Kanchenjunga, the world's third-
highest peak, 8,598 m (28,209 ft) high, is the
most prominent mountain visible. In days clear
of clouds, Nepal's Mount Everest, 29,035 ft
(8,850 m) high, can be seen.
The hills of Darjeeling are part of the Lesser
Himalaya. The soil is chiefly composed
of sandstone and conglomerate formations,
which are the solidified and upheaved detritus
of the great range of Himalaya. However, the
soil is often poorly consolidated (the permeable
sediments of the region do not retain water
between rains) and is not considered suitable
for agriculture. The area has steep slopes and
loose topsoil, leading to frequent landslides
during the monsoons. According to the Bureau
of Indian Standards, the town falls
under seismic zone-IV, (on a scale of I to V, in
order of increasing proneness to earthquakes)
near the convergent boundary of the Indian and
the Eurasian tectonic plates and is subject to
frequent earthquakes.

Some of the tourist spots in Darjeeling are: -

Tea garden, rock garden, Tiger hill, Elephant
falls, Shyama temple and etc.
 SIKKIM
Gangtok- Gangtok is located at 27.3325°N
88.6140°E (coordinates of Gangtok head post
office). It is situated in the lower Himalayas at
an elevation of 1,650 m (5,410 ft). The town lies
on one side of a hill, with "The Ridge", a
promenade housing the Raj Bhawan,
the governor's residence, at one end and the
palace, situated at an altitude of about 1,800 m
(5,900 ft), at the other. The city is flanked on
east and west by two streams, namely Roro
Chu and Ranikhola, respectively. These two
rivers divide the natural drainage into two
parts, the eastern and western parts. Both the
streams meet the Ranipul and flow south as the
main Ranikhola before it joins
the Teesta at Singtam. Most of the roads are
steep, with the buildings built on compacted
ground alongside them.
The hills are nestled within higher peaks and the
snow-clad Himalayan ranges tower over the
town from the distance.
Mount Kanchenjunga (8,598 m or 28,208 ft)—
the world's third-highest peak—is visible to the
west of the city. The existence of steep slopes,
vulnerability to landslides, large forest cover
and inadequate access to most areas have been
a major impediment to the natural and
balanced growth of the city.
There are densely forested regions around
Gangtok, consisting of
temperate, deciduous forests
of poplar, birch, oak, and elm, as well
as evergreen, coniferous trees of the wet
alpine zone. Orchids are common, and rare
varieties of orchids are featured in flower shows
in the city. Bamboos are also abundant. In the
lower reaches of the town, the vegetation
gradually changes from alpine to temperate
deciduous and subtropical. Flowers such
as sunflower, marigold, poinsettia, and others
bloom, especially in November and December.
Pelling- Pelling is a town in the district of West
Sikkim, India. Pelling is nestled at an altitude of
2,150 m (7,200 feet). The town is located at a
distance of 10 km from the district
headquarters of Geyzing. A regular bus service
connects the two towns. However, with the
influx of tourists, the region is undergoing a
metamorphosis, with the roads being repaired
and hotels being set up.

The Himalayas and the Kanchenjanga may be

viewed at close quarters from Pelling. Pelling
also forms the base from where trekkers and
other peripatetic adventurers undertake the
strenuous and arduous treks in West Sikkim.
The land around Pelling is still a virgin territory
and is bathed with alpine vegetation, with
numerous waterfalls lining the hillside. In the
months of winter, Pelling is sometimes covered
with a blanket of snow.
 TAMILNADU
Kanyakumari- Kanyakumari also known
as Kanniyakumari, formerly known as Cape
Comorin, is a town in Kanyakumari District in
the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The name
comes from the Devi Kanya Kumari Temple in
the region. It is the southernmost tip
of peninsular India. Kanyakumari town is the
southern tip of the Cardamom Hills, an
extension of the Western Ghats range. The
nearest town is Nagercoil. Kanyakumari has
been a town since Sangam period and is a
popular tourist destination.
It is located at the southern tip and
southernmost point of the Indian Subcontinent.
Some of the tourist spot of Kanyakumari are:-
Vivekananda rock, Light house beach,
Kanyakumari temple, Land’s end.
Rameshwaram- Rameswaram has an average
elevation of 10 m (33 ft). The island is spread
across an area of 61.8 km2 (23.9 sq mi) and is in
the shape of a conch. 74% of the area has sandy
soil due to the presence of sea and it has many
islands surrounding it, the Palk Strait in the
north west and Gulf of Mannar in the south
East. The Ramanathaswamy Temple occupies
major area of Rameswaram. The beach of
Rameswaram is featured with no waves at all –
the sea waves rise to a maximum height of 3 cm
(0.10 ft) and the view looks like a very big river.
Ramsetu Bridge is a chain of limestone shoals,
between Rameswaram and Mannar Island, off
the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka. Geological
evidence suggests that this bridge is a former
land connection between India and Sri Lanka.
The bridge is 29 km (18 mi) long and separates
the Gulf of Mannar (North-East) from the Palk
Strait (South-West). It was reportedly passable
on foot up to the 15th century until storms
deepened the channel. The temple records
record that Rama’s Bridge was completely
above sea level until it broke in a cyclone in
1480 CE.

Some of the tourist spots are:-

Ramanathaswamy temple, Dhanuskoti etc.
 KERALA
Munnar- Munnar is a town and hill
station located in the Idukki district of the
southwestern Indian state of Kerala. Munnar is
situated at around 1,600 metres (5,200 ft)
above mean sea level, in the Western
Ghats range of mountains. Maximum of the
area over here is covered with tea plants for its
cultivation.

Some of the tourist spots are:-

Tea museum, Top station, Tea gardens and etc.
Kochi- Kochi is located on the southwest coast
of India. The city straddles the backwaters,
encompassing the northern end of a peninsula,
several islands and a portion of the mainland.
To the west lies the Laccadive Sea, and to the
east is the urbanised region in the rest of the
mainland area. Much of Kochi lies at sea level,
with a coastline of 48 km.
The current metropolitan limits of Kochi include
the mainland Ernakulam, Fort Kochi, the
suburbs
of Edapally, Kalamassery and Kakkanad to the
northeast; Tripunithura to the southeast; and a
group of islands closely scattered in
the Vembanad Lake. Most of these islands are
very small, varying in area from 6 km2 to less
than 1 km2 . The state government and the
GCDA have plans to
include Mala and Kodungallur in Thrissur
district, Angamaly, Perumbavoor, Piravom and
Kolenchery in Ernakulam
district, Thalayolaparambu and Vaikom in
Kottayam and Cherthala in Alappuzha district
within Kochi metropolitan limits. The newly
formed metropolis would be put under the
charge of a new authority called Kochi
Metropolitan Regional Development
Authority. However, The Hindu reported that
the state government is yet to take any
concrete steps in this regard.
 MAHARASHTRA
Mumbai- Mumbai also known as Bombay, the
official name until 1995) is the capital city of
the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most
populous city in India and the ninth most
populous agglomeration in the world, with an
estimated city population of 18.4 million. Along
with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai
Metropolitan Region, it is one of the most
populous urban regions in the world and the
second most populous metropolitan area in
India, with a population of 20.7 million as of
2011.

Mumbai lies at the mouth of the Ulhas River on

the western coast of India, in the coastal region
known as the Konkan. It sits on Salsette
Island (Sashti Island), which it partially shares
with the Thane district. Mumbai is bounded by
the Arabian Sea to the west. Many parts of the
city lie just above sea level, with elevations
ranging from 10 m (33 ft) to 15 m (49 ft); the
city has an average elevation of 14 m
(46 ft). Northern Mumbai (Salsette) is hilly, and
the highest point in the city is 450 m (1,476 ft)
at Salsette in the Powai–Kanheri ranges.

Some of the tourist spots are:-

Gateway of India, Juhu beach, Taj hotel,
Bandra, Haji Ali Dargah.
Mahabaleshwar- Mahabaleshwar is located
at 17.9237°N 73.6586°E. It has an average
elevation of 1,353 metres (4,439 ft).
Located about 120 km (75 mi) southwest
of Pune and 285 km (177 mi) from Mumbai.

Mahabaleshwar is the source of the Krishna

River that flows across
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhr
a Pradesh. The legendary source of the river is a
spout from the mouth of a statue of a cow in
the ancient temple of Mahadev in Old
Mahabaleshwar.
For its beauty, it is also known as the “Kashmir
of Maharashtra”.

Some of the tourist spots are:-

Gardens, parks, Hillstation etc.
 RAJASTHAN
Jaipur- Jaipur is the capital and largest city (in
terms of size) of
the Indian state of Rajasthan in Northern India.
It was founded on 18 November 1726 by
Maharaja Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amer after
whom the city is named. As of 2011, the city has
a population of 3.1 million, making it
the eleventh most populous city in the country.
Jaipur is the third largest city in north India
after Delhi and Lucknow respectively. Jaipur is
also known as the Pink City of India.

Jaipur is a major tourist destination

in India forming a part of the Golden Triangle.
In the 2008 Conde Nast Traveller Readers
Choice Survey, Jaipur was ranked the 7th best
place to visit in AsiaJaipur Exhibition &
Convention Centre (JECC) is Rajasthan’s biggest
convention and exhibition centre. It is famous
for organising events such as Vastara, Jaipur
Jewellery Show, Stonemart 2015 and Resurgent
Rajasthan Partnership Summit 2015.
Visitor attractions include the Hawa Mahal, Jal
Mahal, City Palace, Amer Fort, Jantar
Mantar, Nahargarh Fort, Jaigarh
Fort, Galtaji, Govind Dev Ji Temple, Garh
Ganesh Temple, Sri Kali Temple, Birla Mandir,
Sanganeri Gate and the Jaipur Zoo. The Jantar
Mantar observatory and Amer Fort are one of
the World Heritage Sites. Hawa Mahal is a five-
storey pyramidal shaped monument with 953
windows that rises 15 metres (50 ft) from its
high base. Sisodiya Rani Bagh and Kanak
Vrindavan are the major parks in
Jaipur. Another major tourist attraction is
Chokhi Dhani, which is a Rajasthani ethnic
village themed resort & restaurant. The place
homes a small village with a mix of activities
like Camel riding, Maze, Palm reading, Magic
Shows, Rajasthani dances and a typical
Rajasthani dinner.
Jaisalmer- Jaisalmer, nicknamed "The Golden
city", is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan,
located 575 kilometres (357 mi) west of the
state capital Jaipur. Once known as Jaisalmer
state it is a World Heritage Site. The town
stands on a ridge of yellowish sandstone,
crowned by a fort, which contains the palace
and several ornate Jain temples. Many of the
houses and temples are finely sculptured. It lies
in the heart of the Thar Desert (the Great Indian
Desert) and has a population of about 78,000.

Jaisalmer, being an arid desert region, is prone

to extremes in terms of temperature. The
temperature varies greatly from day to night in
both summer and winter.

Water is scarce, and generally brackish; the

average depth of the wells is said to be about
250 feet (76 m). There are no perennial
streams, and only one small river, the Kakni,
which, after flowing a distance of 48 kilometres
(30 mi), spreads over a large surface of flat
ground, and forms Lake Orjhil ("The Bhuj-Jhil").
The climate is dry. Throughout Jaisalmer only
raincrops, such as bajra, jawar, motif, til, etc.,
are grown; spring crops of wheat, barley, etc.,
are very rare.
 Development of tourism
 Take effective steps for easier and faster
availability of visas.
 Increasing air connectivity and seat capacity
for major overseas markets.
 Improving facilities and quality of services at
major international and domestic airports.

Growth of tourism in India: -

 According to world tourism organization
estimates, India will lead in South Asia with
8.9 million arrivals by 2020.
 India is poised to emerge as the 2nd fastest
growing tourism economy in the world
according to the World Travel and Tourism.
 CONCLUSION
Tourism is the act of people travelling from
one place to the other outside their usual
environment for different purposes including
leisure, business, pleasure and satisfaction of
self-desires for a given period of time. Tourism
constitutes a wide variety of sectors whose
purpose is to provide diverse services and
products to both visitors and local residents.
These sectors include accommodation, travel
services, entertainment, recreation,
transportation and food and beverage
services. Over decades tis services have
experienced continuous growth and improved
diversity to become one of the fastest
growing economic sector in the world.