高效SQL语句编写

杨廷琨

YUNHE ENMO (BEIJING) TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD 云和恩墨 成就所托

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 YUNHE ENMO (BEIJING) TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD

1 合理运用新特性

2 数据集整体处理

3 设计SQL执行计划

4 严格过滤数据

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托 云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
判断表空间是否自动扩展：
SQL> select distinct tablespace_name, autoextensible
2 from DBA_DATA_FILES
3 where autoextensible = 'YES'
4 union
5 select distinct tablespace_name, autoextensible
6 from DBA_DATA_FILES
7 where autoextensible = 'NO'
8 and tablespace_name not in
9 (select distinct tablespace_name
10 from DBA_DATA_FILES
11 where autoextensible = 'YES');

TABLESPACE_NAME AUT
------------------------------ ---
SYSAUX YES
SYSTEM YES
TEST NO
UNDOTBS1 YES
USERS YES
云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
SQL> select distinct tablespace_name, autoextensible
2 from DBA_DATA_FILES
3 where autoextensible = 'YES'
4 union
5 select distinct tablespace_name, autoextensible
6 from DBA_DATA_FILES
7 where autoextensible = 'NO'
8 and tablespace_name not in
9 (select distinct tablespace_name
10 from DBA_DATA_FILES
11 where autoextensible = 'YES');

⚫ 优点：思路清晰
⚫ 缺点：效率低效，冗余严重
• 三次扫描DBA_DATA_FILES视图
• 包含三次DISTINCT操作
• 包含UNION数据集操作
• 包含NOT IN子查询

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
SQL> SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, MAX(AUTOEXTENSIBLE)
2 FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
3 GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME;

TABLESPACE_NAME MAX
------------------------------ ---
SYSAUX YES
UNDOTBS1 YES
USERS YES
TEST NO
SYSTEM YES

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
客户某执行缓慢SQL语句：
SELECT ORDER_NO, TYPE
FROM (SELECT ORDER_NO, '3' AS TYPE
FROM T_ORD_DETAIL
MINUS
SELECT ORDER_NO, '3' AS TYPE
FROM T_INA
WHERE ORDER_NO IN (SELECT ORDER_NO
FROM T_INA
WHERE CANCEL = '0'
GROUP BY ORDER_NO
HAVING COUNT(1) = 1)
AND TYPE IN ('05', '08', '10'))
UNION
SELECT ORDER_NO, TYPE
FROM (SELECT ORDER_NO, DECODE(TYPE, '05', '1', '2') AS TYPE
FROM T_INA
WHERE ORDER_NO IN (SELECT ORDER_NO
FROM T_INA
WHERE CANCEL = '0'
GROUP BY ORDER_NO
HAVING COUNT(1) = 1)
AND TYPE IN ('05', '10'));

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT ORDER_NO, MIN(TYPE) TYPE
FROM
(
SELECT ORDER_NO, '3' TYPE
FROM T_ORD_DETAIL
UNION ALL
SELECT ORDER_NO, TYPE
FROM
(
SELECT ORDER_NO,
DECODE(TYPE, '05', '1', '10', '2', '08', '0', '4') AS TYPE,
COUNT(*) OVER(PARTITION BY ORDER_NO) CN
FROM T_INA
WHERE CANCEL = '0'
)
WHERE CN = 1
AND TYPE IN ('1', '2', '0')
)
GROUP BY ORDER_NO
)
WHERE TYPE > '0';

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
SQL> CREATE TABLE T_1 AS SELECT * FROM T WHERE OWNER = 'SYS';

表已创建。

SQL> SELECT OBJECT_NAME, TYPE

2 FROM (SELECT OBJECT_NAME, 3 AS TYPE
3 FROM T_1
4 MINUS
5 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, 3 AS TYPE
6 FROM T
7 WHERE OBJECT_NAME IN (SELECT OBJECT_NAME
8 FROM T
9 WHERE GENERATED = 'Y'
10 GROUP BY OBJECT_NAME
11 HAVING COUNT(1) = 1)
12 AND OBJECT_TYPE IN ('TABLE', 'VIEW', 'MATERIALIZED VIEW'))
13 UNION
14 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, TYPE
15 FROM (SELECT OBJECT_NAME, DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'TABLE', 1, 2) AS TYPE
16 FROM T
17 WHERE OBJECT_NAME IN (SELECT OBJECT_NAME
18 FROM T
19 WHERE GENERATED = 'Y'
20 GROUP BY OBJECT_NAME
21 HAVING COUNT(1) = 1)
22 AND OBJECT_TYPE IN ('TABLE', 'MATERIALIZED VIEW'));

已选择 40879 行。

云和恩墨成就所托
成就所托
已用时间:
云和恩墨
00: 00: 05.31
 数据集整体处理
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 42071 | 2834K| 1996 (2)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT UNIQUE | | 42071 | 2834K| 1996 (2)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
| 3 | VIEW | | 42068 | 2834K| 1097 (2)| 00:00:01 |
| 4 | MINUS | | | | | |
| 5 | SORT UNIQUE | | 42068 | 1027K| | |
| 6 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | T_1 | 42068 | 1027K| 197 (1)| 00:00:01 |
| 7 | SORT UNIQUE | | 3 | 219 | | |
|* 8 | FILTER | | | | | |
| 9 | HASH GROUP BY | | 3 | 219 | 896 (2)| 00:00:01 |
|* 10 | HASH JOIN | | 267 | 19491 | 894 (1)| 00:00:01 |
|* 11 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 8915 | 400K| 447 (1)| 00:00:01 |
|* 12 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 45584 | 1201K| 447 (1)| 00:00:01 |
|* 13 | FILTER | | | | | |
| 14 | HASH GROUP BY | | 3 | 219 | 896 (2)| 00:00:01 |
|* 15 | HASH JOIN | | 267 | 19491 | 894 (1)| 00:00:01 |
|* 16 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | T | 2421 | 108K| 447 (1)| 00:00:01 |
|* 17 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | T | 45584 | 1201K| 447 (1)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13 recursive calls
0 db block gets
7069 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
1740268 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
30527 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2727 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
3 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
云和恩墨40879
云和恩墨 成就所托
成就所托 rows processed
 数据集整体处理
SQL> SELECT *
2 FROM
3 (
4 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, MIN(TYPE) TYPE
5 FROM
6 (
7 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, 3 TYPE
8 FROM T_1
9 UNION ALL
10 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, TYPE
11 FROM
12 (
13 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, DECODE(OBJECT_TYPE, 'TABLE', 1, 'MATERIALIZED VIEW', 2, 'VIEW', 0, 4) AS TYPE,
14 COUNT(*) OVER(PARTITION BY OBJECT_NAME) CN
15 FROM T
16 WHERE GENERATED = 'Y'
17 )
18 WHERE CN = 1
19 AND TYPE IN (1, 2, 0)
20 )
21 GROUP BY OBJECT_NAME
22 )
23 WHERE TYPE > 0;

已选择 40879 行。

已用时间: 00: 00: 03.46

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 87652 | 5906K| 654 (3)| 00:00:01 |
|* 1 | FILTER | | | | | |
| 2 | HASH GROUP BY | | 87652 | 5906K| 654 (3)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | VIEW | | 87652 | 5906K| 648 (2)| 00:00:01 |
| 4 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
| 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | T_1 | 42068 | 1027K| 197 (1)| 00:00:01 |
|* 6 | VIEW | | 45584 | 3650K| 451 (2)| 00:00:01 |
| 7 | WINDOW SORT | | 45584 | 1602K| 451 (2)| 00:00:01 |
|* 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 45584 | 1602K| 447 (1)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
2294 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
1740403 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
30527 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2727 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
1 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
40879 rows processed
云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
在5X5的方格棋盘中（如图），每行、列、斜线（斜线不仅仅包括
对角线）最多可以放两个球，如何摆放才能放置最多的球，这样的
摆法总共有几种？输出所有的摆法。
要求：用一句SQL实现。
输出格式：从方格棋盘第一行至第5行，每行从第一列到第5列依次
输出，0表示不放球，1表示放球。例如：
1001000000000000000000000。一行输出一个行号和一个解，按解所
在的列字符串顺序从大到小排序。

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
with c as
(select rownum - 1 c from dual connect by rownum <= 2),
line_seed as
(select c1.c || c2.c || c3.c || c4.c || c5.c line, c1.c c1, c2.c c2, c3.c c3, c4.c c4, c5.c c5
from c c1, c c2, c c3, c c4, c c5
where c1.c + c2.c + c3.c + c4.c + c5.c = 2
order by 1 desc)
select rownum, line1.line || line2.line || line3.line || line4.line || line5.line result
from line_seed line1, line_seed line2, line_seed line3, line_seed line4, line_seed line5
where line1.c1 + line2.c1 + line3.c1 + line4.c1 + line5.c1 = 2
and line1.c2 + line2.c2 + line3.c2 + line4.c2 + line5.c2 = 2
and line1.c3 + line2.c3 + line3.c3 + line4.c3 + line5.c3 = 2
and line1.c4 + line2.c4 + line3.c4 + line4.c4 + line5.c4 = 2
and line1.c5 + line2.c5 + line3.c5 + line4.c5 + line5.c5 = 2
and line3.c1 + line4.c2 + line5.c3 <= 2
and line2.c1 + line3.c2 + line4.c3 + line5.c4 <= 2
and line1.c1 + line2.c2 + line3.c3 + line4.c4 + line5.c5 <= 2
and line1.c2 + line2.c3 + line3.c4 + line4.c5 <= 2
and line1.c3 + line2.c4 + line3.c5 <= 2
and line1.c3 + line2.c2 + line3.c1 <= 2
and line1.c4 + line2.c3 + line3.c2 + line4.c1 <= 2
and line1.c5 + line2.c4 + line3.c3 + line4.c2 + line5.c1 <= 2
and line2.c5 + line3.c4 + line4.c3 + line5.c2 <= 2
and line3.c5 + line4.c4 + line5.c3 <= 2;

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
with c as
(select rownum - 1 c from dual connect by rownum <= 2),
lines as
(select to_number(c1.c || c2.c || c3.c || c4.c || c5.c) line
from c c1, c c2, c c3, c c4, c c5
where c1.c + c2.c + c3.c + c4.c + c5.c = 2
order by 1 desc)
select rownum,
ltrim(to_char(line1.line, '09999'))
|| ltrim(to_char(line2.line, '09999'))
|| ltrim(to_char(line3.line, '09999'))
|| ltrim(to_char(line4.line, '09999'))
|| ltrim(to_char(line5.line, '00009')) result
from lines line1, lines line2, lines line3, lines line4, lines line5
where line1.line + line2.line + line3.line + line4.line + line5.line = 22222
and ltrim(to_char(line1.line + 10*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 1000*line4.line +
10000*line5.line), '012') is null
and ltrim(to_char(10000*line1.line + 1000*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 10*line4.line +
line5.line), '012') is null;

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
SQL> with c as
2 (select rownum - 1 c from dual connect by rownum <= 2),
3 lines as
4 (select to_number(c1.c || c2.c || c3.c || c4.c || c5.c) line
5 from c c1, c c2, c c3, c c4, c c5
6 where c1.c + c2.c + c3.c + c4.c + c5.c = 2
7 order by 1 desc)
8 select ltrim(to_char(line1.line, '09999')) || chr(10)
9 || ltrim(to_char(line2.line, '09999')) || chr(10)
10 || ltrim(to_char(line3.line, '09999')) || chr(10)
11 || ltrim(to_char(line4.line, '09999')) || chr(10)
12 || ltrim(to_char(line5.line, '00009')) result
13 from lines line1, lines line2, lines line3, lines line4, lines line5
14 where line1.line + line2.line + line3.line + line4.line + line5.line = 22222
15 and ltrim(to_char(line1.line + 10*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 1000*line4.line +
10000*line5.line), '012') is null
16 and ltrim(to_char(10000*line1.line + 1000*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 10*line4.line +
line5.line), '012') is null
17 and rownum = 1;

RESULT
------------------------------------
11000
10010
00011
01100
云和恩墨 成就所托
00101 成就所托
云和恩墨
 数据集整体处理
where line1.line + line2.line + line3.line + line4.line + line5.line = 22222
and ltrim(to_char(line1.line + 10*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 1000*line4.line +
10000*line5.line), '012') is null
and ltrim(to_char(10000*line1.line + 1000*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 10*line4.line +
line5.line), '012') is null

RESULT
------------------------------------
1 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
+ 0 0 0
0 1 1
1 1
0 0
0 0 1 0 1

2 2 2 2 2

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
where line1.line + line2.line + line3.line + line4.line + line5.line = 22222
and ltrim(to_char(line1.line + 10*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 1000*line4.line +
10000*line5.line), '012') is null
and ltrim(to_char(10000*line1.line + 1000*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 10*line4.line +
line5.line), '012') is null

RESULT
------------------------------------
1 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0

+ 0 0 0 10
0 1 10 0
01
0
0 0 10 0 10

0 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理
where line1.line + line2.line + line3.line + line4.line + line5.line = 22222
and ltrim(to_char(line1.line + 10*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 1000*line4.line +
10000*line5.line), '012') is null
and ltrim(to_char(10000*line1.line + 1000*line2.line + 100*line3.line + 10*line4.line +
line5.line), '012') is null

RESULT
------------------------------------
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
+ 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 0
0
0
0 0 1 0 1

1 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 1

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
 数据集整体处理

• 能用SQL解决的不要用PL/SQL
• 能用PL/SQL解决的不要用JAVA
• 能用JAVA解决的不要用C
• 能用单条SQL的不要用多条
• 能用单次扫描的不要多次扫描
• 利用SQL整体访问特性，避免单条处理

云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托
云和恩墨成就所托
云和恩墨 成就所托 云和恩墨 成就所托