Running head: ​ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION 1

Community Dental Health Project: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and

Evaluation Phases

Rose Hill Middle School Oral Health Education

Breanna Cruz

Kandie Herrera

Katey Menke

Community Dental Health V

Spring Quarter, 2019

May 3rd, 2019

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 2

Assessment

For our group project, we would like to educate the students at Rose Hill Middle School

in Redmond, WA about the importance of oral hygiene, nutrition, and dental appliances. Our

target population is the eighth grade students, between the ages of 13-14 years old. To begin the

planning phase of our project, we contacted Matt Laughlin, the health teacher at Rose Hill

Middle School. Former dental hygiene students have presented to his health classes and he is

always willing to have students back for presentations. We plan on meeting with him in

September to discuss the topics he would like us to address in our upcoming presentation.

Community Profile

Rose Hill Middle School in Redmond, WA has 860 students in the 6th, 7th, and 8th

grades (OSPI, 2017). Rose Hill is located within a high socioeconomic status (SES) area,

measured by the below-average rate of students that qualify for free or reduced lunch. A total of

18.3% of Rose Hill students qualify as low income and participate in the free/reduced lunch

program, whereas, the statewide average is 40.1% (Digest of Education Statistics, 2012). The

demographics of Rose Hill Middle School includes a predominately white race distribution. The

highest percentages in ethnicity groups are 55.8% White, 18.2% Asian, and 15.8%

Hispanic/Latino (OSPI, 2017). Although the majority of students are white, Rose Hill still has a

higher than national average amount of ESL students. Behind English, the two main languages

spoken by students at home are Spanish and Chinese.

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 3

Needs Assessment

The primary needs of our adolescent target population are increased knowledge of basic

oral hygiene homecare techniques, effects of nutritional choices on the teeth, and

protective/preventive properties of dental appliances. The need to improve nutritional awareness

is due to an increased intake of sugar around this age, which can result in a higher incidence of

decay. In turn, the need to improve oral hygiene habits is due to the increased risk for dental

caries and dental neglect in the adolescent population. Orthodontic appliances are typically

placed when kids are in the 6th-8th grades, which is also the ages that kids start playing more

competitive sports. This creates a need for education on proper oral hygiene for teeth with

braces, and stressing the importance of wearing a mouthguard while participating in contact

sports.

Literature Review

The initial research we conducted for this project focused on the topics that we would

like to discuss with the students at Rose Hill Middle School. These topics are: nutrition, oral

hygiene habits, and dental appliances. We found several articles that provide us with enough

research to continue with our presentation to teach adolescents about the importance of oral

health.

The article, “Implications of WHO Guideline on Sugars for Dental Professionals​”

discussed the importance of avoiding free sugars and how crucial it is for dental professionals to

educate patients about proper nutrition and diet according to the WHO guidelines. Dental caries

is an ongoing global epidemic and affects mostly children and elderly people (Moynihan,
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 4

Makino, Peterson, & Ogawa, 2018). Dental professionals should inform patients of systemic and

oral health risks associated with the intake of free sugar and how it can cause tooth decay. Proper

nutrition and diet, including healthy substitutions, should be stressed to the patient.

Strengths of this article included statistics about how America is affected by sugar levels

in comparison to other countries, with children being one of the targeted populations for caries

(Moynihan et al., 2018). Using this research, we will be able to educate middle school children

about proper nutrition and give healthy examples of food that can be substituted according to the

WHO guidelines. Our group will be able to implement an accurate educational plan and

incorporate activities for the children to learn more about the importance of nutrition.

​ ffectiveness of School Food Environment Policies on Children’s Dietary Behaviors: A

“E

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”,​ i​ s a systematic review article conclusively providing

information to whether school based lunches had an effective impact on children's health and

their diet. The main idea of the article was to observe schools and get a better understanding of

what food options were available to children, including what was available for purchase in the

cafeteria and vending machines. Another important factor for the study was to record the cost of

the food available to the students and compare it to other schools. Overall, the study discovered

that school lunches play a crucial role in a positive trend for children's health (Micha et al.,

2018).

​ he Dental Neglect Scale in Adolescents”, is a study showing a need for increased

“T

knowledge of oral hygiene habits in adolescent children. This article discusses a study conducted

in the Seattle-Tacoma metropolitan area that measured adolescent dental neglect levels. Dental
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 5

neglect is the willful failure of a parent or guardian to seek and follow through with treatment

necessary to ensure a level of oral health essential for adequate function and freedom from pain

and infection (Coolidge, Heima, Johnson, & Weinstein, 2009). The article also discusses

possible reasons of why adolescents could be at a greater risk for dental neglect, such as, parents

being less involved in care as compared to when the children were younger. It was found that

dental neglect increases risk for development of dental caries. Primary factors leading to dental

caries that result from dental neglect are poor home care and not receiving regular dental care.

The article discusses the trend that adolescent children’s attitudes toward dental hygiene and

regular dental visits, decreases with age (Coolidge et al., 2009). The need is to increase

knowledge of the importance and technique of oral hygiene habits so that the students at Rose

Hill Middle School will experience less dental neglect and ultimately improve their oral health.

“Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and

Adolescents”, discusses the increased risk of dental caries in the adolescent population. The

increased risk arises from various factors, including an indifference to oral hygiene, increased

risk for traumatic injury, and increased sugar intake in the diet (Hagan, Shaw, & Duncan 2017).

The guideline provides methods for reducing caries risk such as tooth brushing twice a day with

fluoride toothpaste and once daily flossing. This article helps in the development of our

community health project as it highlights the need for education to increase the knowledge of the

importance of a good technique of oral hygiene home care routine in order to decrease the caries

risk level (Hagan et al., 2017).

Often times, student athletes do not wear mouthguards while playing sports regardless of

whether or not they have been informed of the potential risks. Sports participation is one of the
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 6

leading causes of dental injuries (Collins, Mckenzie, Roberts, Fields, & Comstock, 2015), yet

many coaches, players, and parents are not aware of the importance of using a mouth guard.

When questioned, the top two reasons student athletes reported for not wearing a mouth guard

during play were because it was not required and it is difficult to speak and/or breathe while

wearing it. We plan to discuss with our audience the importance of these appliances and how

they can help prevent injury. We will research and present different types of mouthguards

available, including boil bites and custom made mouthguards from their dentist, and explaining

the benefits and weaknesses of each.

The study, “Effect of Malocclusion on the Self-esteem of Adolescents​”​, set out to find if

there was a correlation between malocclusion and low self-esteem in adolescents ages 12 - 19.

The participants were randomly chosen and given questionnaires regarding self-esteem, and had

their occlusion assessed. According to Taibah and Al-Hummayani (2017), girls were more likely

to have low self-esteem and cared more about their physical appearance. They also found that

subjects that presented with either spacing in the anterior teeth, an overjet, or crowding, had

lower self-esteem. These findings demonstrate the importance of adolescents consulting with an

orthodontist if signs of malocclusion are present and how the referral can be beneficial for their

self-esteem. Since low self-esteem can have a highly negative psychological impact on these

children, it could prove useful to partner with an orthodontist in the area to encourage the

students to speak with their parents if the appearance of their teeth is beginning to create a

negative impact on their self-esteem.

After conducting our research on these topics, planning our activities, and presenting our

findings to the Rose Hill students, we hope that the students will use this knowledge to make
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 7

better choices for their oral health. After meeting with Mr. Laughlin again, we will decide if the

topics we chose will be a good fit to accomplish this task.

Diagnosis

Our target population is 13-14 year old adolescents who attend Rose Hill Middle School.

Children of this age are becoming more independent and starting to make their own nutritional

decisions. These choices often include over-consumption of sugar, as well as poor oral-hygiene

habits. In order to decrease the incidence of decay, the uptake in sugar consumption puts

nutritional counseling at the top of our priorities in teaching this age group, in order to decrease

the incidence of decay.

Planning

For our group project we will be using the precede-proceed model. Since we have already

collected our secondary data, we have enough information to conclude there is a need to educate

the middle school students. We will be collecting primary data from our meeting with Mr.

Laughlin and the actual presentation to students through pre and post tests. To increase the

effectiveness of our intervention, short duration activities will be used to hold the students’

attention. The information will be repeated in various ways to accommodate different learning

styles. Some methods that will be included are: lecture, discussion, and demonstration. The

educational materials will have vibrant color, attention grabbing captioning, illustrations, and a

well designed layout. Educational materials will be written at a fifth grade reading level, so that

the information can be easily understood.

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 8

Project Goal and Objectives

The goal of our project is to increase knowledge of oral hygiene in Rose Hill Middle

school students. Our project objectives are to increase knowledge of nutrition in Rose Hill

Middle School students, to increase knowledge of oral hygiene habits in Rose Hill Middle

School students, and to increase knowledge of dental appliances such as mouth guards and

orthodontic appliances in Rose Hill Middle School students. We will measure our objectives by

administering pre and post-tests to evaluate the increase in the students’ knowledge after

participation in our presentations. Afterwards, these tests will aid us in acknowledging what parts

of our presentations were the least and most effective.

Timeline

April 25th, 2018 Contacted Mr. Laughlin.

April 26th, 2018 Mr. Laughlin replied via email confirming that he would love
to have us come teach the students.

September 6th, 2018 Updated new contact information for the new Health Teacher
at Rose Hill Middle school (Susan Hart).

September 2018 Schedule presentation date - 11/2/18

September 2018 Collect supplies, print booklets, practice presentation.

November 2nd, 2018 Teach the middle school students at Rose Hill Middle school:
● Formative evaluation
After the presentation:
● Summative evaluation
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 9

November-December 2018 Put together presentation (powerpoint).

March 2019 Present

Lesson Plan

For our project, we will present to five separate health classes, consisting of 30 students

each, at Rose Hill Middle school. Our lesson plan is 50 minutes long. First we plan to verbally

introduce ourselves and our lesson plan for the day. We will write our names, our topic (dental

hygiene) and the activities we will be doing on the whiteboard. We will give a pretest to assess

their dental hygiene knowledge before our lesson. We will then pass out a lesson booklet with

the information we will cover during the lesson. The sections in the booklet will be a title page, a

two-page information spread about nutrition, toothbrushing and flossing, and orthodontic dental

hygiene and sports mouth guards. The last page will be a crossword puzzle activity. Each section

will include an activity for the student to complete to keep them engaged with the subject. The

nutrition section will include pictures of food. The students will then decide what foods are a

“sometimes” food and what foods are “always” foods. We will also demonstrate three eggs in

three different jars filled with soda, juice, and water. The students will be able to see what affects

the drinks have on the eggs and we will explain how this compares to their enamel. The second

section will be on dental hygiene (tooth brushing and flossing) and involve a three minute video

on why we should brush our teeth (​https://youtu.be/4kXrUXDZKuM​). The video focuses on the

consequences negative bacteria has on your whole body. We will then demonstrate tooth

brushing and flossing with a large toothbrush and crest tooth model. Next, we will show pictures

of what happens to people who don’t brush or floss. The third section will cover dental hygiene

techniques with braces, including how to floss with a platypus flosser, brushing technique for
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 10

braces, and the effects of not wearing a mouthguard during sports. We will show pictures of what

happens when you don't brush and floss and if you don't wear a mouthguard. Lastly, a posttest

will be given to the students to see how much they learned from our lesson. We will wrap up the

day with a contest to see who can fill out the crossword puzzle the fastest. The crossword is

themed with important words that were covered during the lesson. A prize for the winner that has

candy, toothbrush, toothpaste, flossers and other goodies in it will be given to the student that

wins. Dental gift bags will be handed out to everyone else to keep at the end.

Budget

Items Proposed costs Actual costs

Gas $40 $7
Goodie bags Donated $60
Educational models and supplies $30 $25
Booklet printing $200 $40

Summary

Our project goal is to increase knowledge of oral hygiene in Rose Hill Middle school

students. We will continue with the tasks that are scheduled to complete our planning phase in

preparation for the implementation phase that will take place this fall.

Implementation

Our objectives were to increase knowledge of nutrition, oral hygiene habits and use of

dental appliances, such as mouthguards and orthodontic appliances, in Rose Hill Middle School

students. We presented to five eighth-grade health classes at Rose Hill Middle School in
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 11

Redmond, WA on November 2nd, from 8:30am-2:30pm. There was an average of thirty students

in each class, ages 13-14 years old. We implemented our project by presenting to each class

using a powerpoint, short instructional videos on tooth brushing and flossing techniques, activity

booklets, display models, and having the students participate in activities. We plan on evaluating

our lesson outcomes by comparing scores of the pre and post tests the students were given before

and after our presentation.

Summary

Our presentation taught the students at Rose Hill Middle school about oral hygiene,

nutrition, and dental appliances such as mouthguards and braces. It involved a powerpoint

(including videos), activity booklets, and dental materials to educate the students. The next phase

of our project will be the evaluation phase, which will consist of pre and post test results.

Evaluation

To ensure that we met the objectives of the Rose Hill Middle School Oral Health

Education Project, we incorporated formative evaluations during our implementation and

summative evaluations after our implementation.

During formative evaluations, we found it was effective to use demonstration videos to

engage the students and keep their attention. We also found the students were motivated to

participate when they were competing for a prize. Our formative evaluation also revealed aspects

of our program we were able to modify in between the different class presentations. The
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 12

presentation duration was too short, and the students were distracted when we handed out

activity booklets and yarn, that would be used later in the presentation. To modify these aspects

and improve our program, we added another oral health video to increase the presentation

duration and only handed out the activity booklets and yarn at the end, to eliminate distractions.

During our summative evaluations we used our pre and posts tests to determine if the

program met our objectives and goal. The summative evaluation results are shown in Appendix

E. The average results of all five of the classes we presented to, were that we increased overall

oral health knowledge of the students by 6.6%. The overall mean scores were 80.4% for the pre

tests and 87.1% for the post test, an increase of 6.6%.

The goals and objectives of the Rose Hill Middle School Oral Health Education Project

were to increase knowledge of oral health in Rose Hill Middle school students in three areas:

dental appliances, nutrition, and oral hygiene habits. The pre and post test questions one and two

tested knowledge in dental appliances, questions three and four tested knowledge in nutrition,

and questions five and six tested oral hygiene habits knowledge. The knowledge for: dental

appliances increased by 1.8%, nutrition increased by 10.7% and oral hygiene habits increased by

6.1%. Based on these results, our presentation was effective in increasing the students’

knowledge in objective subject areas.

Our project had various limitations, strengths and weaknesses. A limitation of our project

was the high socioeconomic status (SES) of the students that went to the school. Typically, high

SES families have greater access to dental care, increased dental knowledge and have been

exposed to most of the material we presented, as compared to students that have a low SES. A

weakness of our project are the pre and post tests were not challenging enough for the students.
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 13

The average score on the pretest was 80.4%. The high pre test scores made it harder to determine

knowledge gained in the post tests. A strength of our project was the students and teachers

seemed to enjoy the presentation and it was a helpful review to everyone to practice good

decisions regarding dental appliances, nutrition and oral health habits. Another strength of our

project was the cost of because we were able to stay under budget. The most expensive aspect

were the prizes. In the end, we had a lot of supplies on hand that we were able to use at no cost,

so keeping the cost of the program low.

Overall, we don’t think our project was sustainable. The classes we presented to had

previous knowledge about oral health and the project objective topics. When we presented, the

majority of the class was already aware of proper oral hygiene care, oral appliance maintenance

and nutrition. To enhance the success of future presentations, I think we should discuss our

topics with the teachers beforehand to get a better idea of the education level of the students.

From there, we would be able to plan more advanced activities, as well as develop more

challenging pre and post tests for the students.

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 14

References

Collins, C. L., Mckenzie, L. B., Roberts, K. J., Fields, S. K., & Comstock, R. D. (2015).

Mouthguard BITES (Behavior, Impulsivity, Theory Evaluation Study): What Drives

Mouthguard Use Among High School Basketball and Baseball/Softball Athletes. ​The

Journal of Primary Prevention, 36(​ 5), 323-334. Retrieved from

http://​doi:10.1007/s10935-015-0402-7

Coolidge, T., Heima, M., Johnson, E. K., & Weinstein, P. (2009). The Dental Neglect Scale in

adolescents. ​BMC Oral Health,​ ​9,​ 2. Retrieved from:

http://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-9-2

Digest of Education Statistics. (2012). Retrieved from

https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d12/tables/dt12_046.asp

Hagan, J. F., Shaw, J. S., & Duncan, P. M. (2017). Bright futures: Guidelines for health

supervision of infants, children, and adolescents​.​ ​Bright Futures/American Academy of

Pediatrics​. 205 – 215. Retrieved from ​doi:https://bright futures.aap.org/Bright Futures

Documents/BF4_OralHealth.pdf

Micha, R., Karageorgou, D., Bakogianni, I., Trichia, E., Whitsel, L. P., Story, M., & ...

Mozaffarian, D. (2018). Effectiveness of school food environment policies on children’s

dietary behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ​Plos ONE​, ​13​(3), 1-27.

Retrieved from doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194555.

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 15

Moynihan P, Makino Y, Petersen PE, Ogawa H. (2018). Implications of WHO Guideline on

Sugars for dental health professionals. ​Community Dent Oral Epidemiol​, ​46​, 1–7.

Retrieved from ​https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12353

Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (OSPI). (2017). Lake Washington School District

Annual Report 2016-2017. Retrieved from

http://reportcard.ospi.k12.wa.us/summary.aspx?schoolId=1522&OrgType=4&reportLeve

l=School

Taibah, S. M., & Al-Hummayani, F. M. (2017). Effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of

adolescents. ​Journal of Orthodontic Science,​ ​6(​ 4), 123–128. Retrieved from

http://doi.org/10.4103/jos.JOS_16_17

U.S. Census Bureau (2010-2017). ​Quick Facts Redmond, Washington, 2010-2017. ​Retrieved

from ​https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/redmondcitywashington/PST045216
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 16

Appendix A

Lesson Plan

TITLE:​ Brush the teeth you want to keep!

TARGET GROUP:​ 8​th​ grade Health Students of Rose Hill Middle School

ESTIMATED LENGTH:​ 40-minute classes, 6 classes per day

INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD:​ Lecture and Demonstration

EDUCATIONAL GOAL:
To increase knowledge of oral health in 8​th​ grade students of Redmond, Washington.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
1. To increase knowledge of proper nutrition in 8​th​ graders of Rose Hill Middle School.
2. To increase knowledge of proper oral hygiene in 8​th​ graders of Rose Hill Middle School.
3. To increase knowledge of dental appliances, such as mouthguards and orthodontics, in 8​th
graders of Rose Hill Middle School.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
Trifold poster

LEARNING ACTIVITY​:
Pre-and Post-test
PowerPoint Presentation

Instructional Set​:
To show and explain the way certain habits influence your teeth and how to properly care for
them.

Body
1. Distribute pre-quiz handout, one per student. Allow for about 5 minutes for completion
2. Introductions and PowerPoint presentation
a. Basic oral health information
b. Brushing and Flossing Techniques
c. Halitosis
d. Prevention Products (Xylitol, Fluoride)
3. 5 Minute Rotation per station
a. Always/Sometimes Foods and Drinks for your Teeth (Breanna)
b. How to Brush and Floss (Katey)
c. Dental Appliance Station (Kandie)
4. Distribute post-quiz handout, one per student. Allow for about 5 minutes for completion
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 17

Closure:
We’ve discussed basic oral health information, brushing and flossing techniques, bad breath,
prevention products, how the food you eat affect your teeth and dental appliances. By keeping
your teeth clean you’ll be an overall healthier person.
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 18

Appendix B
Pre-test

1. Why do some kids wear braces on their teeth?

a. To chew food better
b. To correct an abnormal bite
c. To make their smile prettier

2. Why should you wear a mouthguard during sports?

a. It’s a rule
b. To protect your teeth, gums and jaw
c. It’s part of the uniform

3. Which kind of snack is most likely to cause cavities?

a. Popcorn
b. Soda
c. Apples

4. What kind of drink has the most sugar?

a. Energy Drinks
b. Sweet Tea
c. Coca-cola

5. What motion do you make with your toothbrush to get the food off best?
a. Circles
b. Up and down
c. Back and forth

6. How long should you brush your teeth for?

a. 1 minute
b. 30 seconds
c. 2 minutes
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 19

Appendix C

Post-test

1. Why do some kids wear braces on their teeth?

a. To chew food better
b. To correct an abnormal bite
c. To make their smile prettier

2. Why should you wear a mouthguard during sports?

a. It’s a rule
b. To protect your teeth, gums and jaw
c. It’s part of the uniform

3. Which kind of snack is most likely to cause cavities?

a. Popcorn
b. Soda
c. Apples

4. What kind of drink has the most sugar?

a. Energy Drinks
b. Sweet Tea
c. Coca-cola

5. What motion do you make with your toothbrush to get the food off best?
a. Circles
b. Up and down
c. Back and forth

6. How long should you brush your teeth for?

a. 1 minute
b. 30 seconds
c. 2 minutes
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 20

Appendix D

Brochure 
 
 
Lake Washington Institute of Technology 

DENTAL HYGIENE
Breanna Cruz - Kandie Herrera - Katey Menke

Schedule​: Contact​:
● Introductions  LWTech Dental Clinic
● Pre-Test  East Building, E107
● Nutrition   11605 132nd Avenue NE
● Brushing & Flossing  Kirkland, WA 98034
● Braces & Mouthguards  (425) 739-8130
● Post-Test   TDD: (425) 739-8109
*Prizes will be given out throughout the  dental.clinic@lwtech.edu
presentation* 
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 21

Figure 1. Flossing Instructions

Figure 2. Brushing Instructions

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 22

Figure 3. Brushing with Braces Instructions

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 23

Figure 4. Sugar Quiz

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 24

Figure 5. Word Search Activity

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 25

Figure 6. Word Jumble Activity

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 26
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 27

Appendix E

Table & Graph of Evaluation results

 
Graph 1. Pre and Post Test Results
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 28

 
Graph 2. Pre Test Results By Class Period

Graph 2. Post Test Results By Class Period

 
   
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 29

1st Period 
 
Pre Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  26/30 = 86.6%  4/30 

Question 2  30/30 = 100%  0/30 

Question 3  29/30 = 96.6%  1/30 

Question 4  13/30= 43.3%  17/30 

Question 5  16/30 = 53.3%  14/30 

Question 6  27/30 = 90%  3/30 

 
Post Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  30/30 = 100%  0/30 

Question 2  30/30 = 100%  0/30 

Question 3  28/30 = 93.3%  2/30 

Question 4  16/30 = 53.3%  14/30 

Question 5  20/30 = 66.6%  10/30 

Question 6  29/30 = 96.6%  1/30 

 
Knowledge Topic  Pre and Post test % change 

Question 1 & 2: Dental Appliance Knowledge  7% increase 

Question 3 & 4: Nutrition Knowledge  3.35% increase 

Question 5 & 6: Oral Hygiene Habits Knowledge  9.95% Increase 

 
   
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 30

2nd Period 
 
Pre Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  23/25 = 92%  2/25 

Question 2  25/25 = 100%  0/25 

Question 3  22/25 = 88%  3/25 

Question 4  13/25 = 52%  12/25 

Question 5  16/25 = 64%  10/25 

Question 6  24/25 = 96%  1/25 

 
 
Post Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  24/26 = 92.3%  2/26 

Question 2  26/26 = 100%  0/26 

Question 3  26/26 = 100%  0/26 

Question 4  15/26 = 57.6%  10/26 

Question 5  5/26 = 19%     20/26 

Question 6  25/26 = 96%  1/26 

 
 
Knowledge Topic  Pre and Post test % change 

Question 1 & 2: Dental Appliance Knowledge  0.15% increase 

Question 3 & 4: Nutrition Knowledge  8.8% increase 

Question 5 & 6: Oral Hygiene Habits Knowledge  -22.5% decrease 

 
   
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 31

3rd Period 
 
Pre Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  19/19 = 100%  0/19 

Question 2  19/19 = 100%  0/19 

Question 3  18/19 = 94.7%  1/19 

Question 4  5/19 = 26.3%  14/19 

Question 5  11/19 = 57.8%  8/19 

Question 6  15/19 = 78.9%  4/19 

 
 
Post Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  20/20 = 100%  0/20 

Question 2  19/20 = 95%  1/20 

Question 3  18/20 = 90%  2/20 

Question 4  6/20 = 30%  14/20 

Question 5  20/20 = 100%  0/20 

Question 6  20/20 = 100%  0/20 

 
 
Knowledge Topic  Pre and Post test % change 

Question 1 & 2: Dental Appliance Knowledge  -2.5% Decrease 

Question 3 & 4: Nutrition Knowledge  -.5% Decrease 

Question 5 & 6: Oral Hygiene Habits Knowledge  31.65% increase 

 
   
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 32

5th Period  
 
 
Pre Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  17/22 = 77.2%  5/22 

Question 2  22/22 = 100%  0/22 

Question 3  20/22 = 90.9%  2/22 

Question 4  8/22 = 36.3%  14/22 

Question 5  16/22 = 72.7%  6/22 

Question 6  22/22 = 100%  0/22 

 
 
Post Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  19/22 = 86.3%  3/22 

Question 2  22/22 = 100%  0/22 

Question 3  16/22 = 72.7%  6/22 

Question 4  22/22 = 100%  0/22 

Question 5  21/22 = 95.4%  1/22 

Question 6  22/22 = 100%  0/22 

 
 
Knowledge Topic  Pre and Post test % change 

Question 1 & 2: Dental Appliance Knowledge  4.5% increase 

Question 3 & 4: Nutrition Knowledge  15.8% increase 

Question 5 & 6: Oral Hygiene Habits Knowledge  11.3% increase 

   
ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 33

6th Period 
 
Pre Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  22/23 = 100%  1/23 

Question 2  23/23 = 100%  0/23 

Question 3  22/23 = 95.6%  1/23 

Question 4  10/23 = 43.4%  13/23 

Question 5  20/23 = 86.9%  3/23 

Question 6  21/23 = 91%  2/23 

 
 
Post Test  Answered Correctly   Answered Incorrectly 

Question 1  23/23 = 100%  0/23 

Question 2  23/23 = 100%  0/23 

Question 3  22/23 = 95.6%  1/23 

Question 4  22/23 = 95.6%  1/23 

Question 5  18/23 = 78.2%  5/23 

Question 6  23/23 = 100%  0/23 

 
Knowledge Topic  Pre and Post test % change 

Question 1 & 2: Dental Appliance Knowledge  0 % change 

Question 3 & 4: Nutrition Knowledge  26.1% increase 

Question 5 & 6: Oral Hygiene Habits Knowledge  0.15% increase 

ROSE HILL MIDDLE SCHOOL 34

Knowledge Topic  Average Overall Percent Change of Knowledge 

Across All Classes 

Dental Appliance  1.8% Increase 

Nutrition  10.7% Increase 

Oral Hygiene  6.1% Increase 

 

Test Scores  Average score 

All Pre-tests  80.4% 

All Post-tests  87.1% 

Average increase for all classes  6.7%