The Government is developing or planning to develop 5 Industrial Corridors in the country, they are:

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) covering the States of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra. Amritsar Kolkata Industrial Corridor
(AKIC) covers the States of Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and
West Bengal. Hence, option (a) is correct. East Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC) covers the States
of West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Vizag to Chennai segment of this
Corridor has been taken as phase-1 wherein Vishakhapatnam, Machilipatnam, Donakonda and
Srikalahasti-Yerpedu (Andhra Pradesh) have been identified for further development. Chennai
Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC) covers the States of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and
Karnataka. The nodes namely Ponneri (Tamil Nadu), Krishnapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) and Tumakuru
(Karnataka) have been identified during perspective planning. Bengaluru Mumbai Economic
Corridor (BMEC) covers the States of Maharashtra and Karnataka. Dharwad has been identified
by Government of Karnataka for further development.

RURAL SETTLEMENTS: TYPES AND PATTERNS

Linear Pattern : It generally develops along main roads, railways, streams, etc. It may have a single
row of houses arranged along the main artery. For example, rural settlements found along the
seacoast, river valley, mountain ranges etc.

Rectangular Pattern : This is the most common type which develops around the rectangular shape
of agricultural fields as it is common to find a system of land measurement based on square units. o
Village paths and cart tracks also confirm to the rectangular field patterns and run through the
village in north-south and east-west directions. o Accessibility to farms and fields and connectivity to
other settlements lead to the rectangular shape of settlements. o The settlements of coastal
Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh and either side of Aravali hills, etc. are the examples.

Square Pattern: This is basically a varient of rectangular type. Such a pattern is associated with
villages lying at the crossing of cart tracks or roads and also related to features restricting the
extension of the village outside a square space. These features may include an old boundary wall,
thick orchards, a road or a pond.

Circular Pattern : Very high degree of compactness. In the upper Doab and Trans – Yamuna
districts, Malwa region, Punjab and Gujarat. o The outer walls of dwellings adjoin each other and
present a continuous front so that when viewed from outside, the villages look like a walled and
fortified enclosure pierced by a few openings. o The round form was a natural outcome of maximum
aggregation for the purpose of defence during the past.

Radial Pattern : In this type, a number of streets converge on one centre which may be a source of
water (pond, well), a temple or mosque, a centre of commercial activity or simply an open space. o
streets seem to be radiating from a common centre. o Examples are settlements near Gurushikar,
Mount Abu in Rajasthan, Vindhyachal in Uttar Pradesh, etc

Triangular patterns o Develops at the confluence of rivers. o The lateral expansion of houses at the
confluence is constrained by the rivers. Consequently, the settlement acquires a triangular shape.
raw material used in the Paper and pulp industry:

Bamboo: Bamboo has the advantage of the possessing long fibre, dense stands and quick
regeneration. It reaches maturity in 2-3 years and provides a continuous flow of the renewable
source of raw material. Assam, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and
Maharashtra are important producers of bamboo.

Sabai grass: It is an important raw material for manufacturing paper. Sabai grass has long fibre and
requires low chemical consumption, it grows in tufts intermixed with other vegetation. It mainly
grows in the sub-Himalayan tracts of Shiwaliks and Tarai area.

Bagasse: It is a fibrous residue of the sugarcane stalk, mainly from the sugar mills, obtained after
sucrose is extracted by crushing the sugarcane. On an average 50-60 lakh tonnes of bagasse is
produced in the country, half of which is used for manufacturing paper.

Other materials: Paper is also manufactured by using materials other than those mentioned
above. These include waste paper, rags, straw from rice and wheat, jute sticks and softwood
obtained from eucalyptus, pine-wood, wattle and mulberry trees.

states/regions and their factors for high population density are:

Uttar Pradesh - Presence of fertile Gangetic plains; Early history of human settlement and
development of the transport network.

Rajasthan - Previously thinly population, development of irrigation enabled moderate to high

concentration of population.

Jharkhand - Availability of mineral and energy resources has enabled the development of industries
and hence high concentration of population.

Peninsular States - Development of transport network along with the development of industries has
enabled a high concentration of population in these states.

Inner Line Permit is for Indians other than natives of the state and Restricted Area Permit is for
foreigners(except a citizen of Bhutan) to enter the Protected Areas.

Inner Line Permit has been issued under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 and the
conditions and restrictions vary from state to state. Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation of 1873
introduced the inner-line concept and protected Crown's interest in the tea, oil and elephant trade
by prohibiting "British subjects" from entering into these "Protected Areas" (to prevent them from
establishing any commercial venture that could rival the Crown's agents). o As per Foreigners
(Protected) Areas Order 1958, a foreign national is not normally allowed to visit a Protected /
Restricted Area unless it is established to the satisfaction of the Government that there are
extraordinary reasons to justify such a visit. Every foreigner, except a citizen of Bhutan, who desires
to enter and stay in a Protected or Restricted Area, is required to obtain a special permit from a
competent authority delegated with powers to issue such a special permit to a foreigner, on the
application.

According to the Census of India 2011, the criteria to be defined as ―urban area‖ are as follows;
Places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.
All other places which satisfied the following criteria: A minimum population of 5,000; At least
75 per cent of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and A
density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km. The first category of urban units is known
as Statutory Towns. These towns are notified under the law by the concerned State/Union Territory
(UT) Government and have local bodies like municipal corporations, municipalities, etc., irrespective
of their demographic characteristics as reckoned on 31st December 2009. Examples: Jamshedpur(M
Corp.), Pune (MCorp.) etc. The second category of Towns is known as Census Town. These were
identified on the basis of previous census data According to the last census (2011), 31.6% of the
population is urban in India. o In absolute numbers, Maharashtra has more than five crore people
living in urban areas, higher than all other states. o Goa is the most urbanized state

Child sex ratio in the age group of 0-6 years has registered the steep fall from 976 in 1961 to a 914
in 2011. This is the lowest child sex ratio India has ever recorded since Independence. According to
the 2011 census, the lowest child sex ratio has been observed in Haryana (830), Punjab (846) and
Jammu and Kashmir (859). o Statement 2 is not correct: Child sex ratio has increased only in 6 states
and 2 UTs. State of Arunachal Pradesh has highest child sex ratio in India

Himalayan State Regional Council is constituted by NITI Aayog to review and implement identified
action points based on the Reports of five Working Groups, which were established along thematic
areas to prepare a roadmap for action. it will be chaired by the Dr VK Saraswat, Member, NITI Aayog
and will consist of the Chief Secretaries of the Himalayan States as well as the Secretaries of key
Central Ministries, senior officers of NITI Aayog as well as special invitees.

Maracaibo port in Venezuela is a tanker port, which is a type of oil port. Oil ports deal in the
processing and shipping of oil. Some of these are tanker ports and some are refinery ports. Other
tanker ports being Esskhira in Tunisia, Tripoli in Lebanon are tanker ports while Abadan on the Gulf
of Persia is a refinery port. Dover port in England and Calais port in France across the English
Channel are called Packet station or ferry ports. These packet stations are exclusively concerned
with the transportation of passengers and mail across water bodies covering short distances. These
stations occur in pairs located in such a way that they face each other across the water body.
Karwar port in Karnataka, India is a Naval Port. Naval Ports are ports which have only strategic
importance. These ports serve warships and have repair workshops for them. Other being Kochi port
in Kerala

the International Symposium to Promote Innovation & Research in Energy Efficiency (INSPIRE), 2018
aims to focus on enhancing grid management, eMobility, financial instruments and technologies for
energy efficiency in India.

It was organized by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) and World Bank in collaboration with
the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), Asian Development
Bank (ADB), the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), and the Administrative Staff College
of India (ASCI).