1

MEMBERS OF THE SIXTEENTH LOK SABHA:

A STUDY-

Generar Erections to constitute the sixteenth Lok

sabha were herd
in nine phases starting from 7 Aprir 2014 to 12 May 2014.
Resurts
were declared on 16 May 2014. rhe sixteenth Lok
sabha was duly
constituted on 1B M ay 2014.
ln this article, an attempt has been made to study the profile
of 543. erected members of Lok sabha in terms of
certain parameters
such age, educationar quarifications, occupation and legisrative
.as
experiences with the herp of rabres and charts.
The str-rly arso
includes a separate section on the profile of women
members based
on the above-mentioned parameters. The analysis is based
cn the
profile of 543 members on the date of the
constitutron of the House
However, the State-wise analysis of data, wherever
applicable,
reflects the coming into existence of the state of
rerangana cn
2 June 2014.

Age Profile of members of the Sixteenth Lok

Sabha
The minimurn age needed for contesting elections
Sabha, under constitutional provision is 25 years.
to tire Lok
For the purpose of
this article, mehbers have been divided into
13 ,,""
year ";";;";0."*,,.11
difference, starting with 25-30 years and ending
with 86_90 age
groups (Table 1 and chart'r There are
). 1z member-s in the rowest age
group 25-30, whire there is just one
member each in the highest age
grouDS of B1-85 and 86-g0. The largest
number, 92 members bek_,ngs
tc the age group of 56-60. There are jg7 nlembers (36.28 per
cent)
below 50 years and 346 members (63.72 percent)
are above 50 years
age.

contributed by Librarv and Reference,

Research Docunlentation and rirformalion
Service (LARRDIS) Lok Sabha Secretariat
543 include two members namely Shri
Narendra Mcrji aDd Shri lviulayam Srngfl
Yadav who won from lwo constituencies
retained Varanasi and vacated vadodara,
each. While Shri Nargndia N1 oct
Shri Murayan Singh yadav retained
and vacated Mainpuri. Shri K. chand.a.uin*
lr."1'3',n
Lok Sabha seat on 29 Mav 2O14 and ouo resigrecj irom Medak
J June 2014
or" ,"*Oui ihri Gopinath [,tunde dieC on

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 358 The Journal of Parliamentary lnformation

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 Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha; A Study 359

TABLE 1

Distribution of Age Groups of Members with a span of 5 years

Age Group No. of Members
25-30 Years 12
31-35 Y ears 21
36-40 Years 36
41-45 Y ears qQ

46-50 Years 70
51-55 Y ears B7
56-60 Years 92
61-65 Y ears 83
66-70 Years 43
71-75 Years 2B
76-80 Years 11
81-85 Years 1

86-90 Years 1

'l-he average
age of the First to Sixteenth Lok Sabha has beer.t
given in Table 2 and cha't 2.The Twelfth Lok sabha (1998-1999) was
the youngest House with an ave!-age age of 46 4 years and the

TABLE 2

Average Age of Lok Sabha: First to Sixteenth

Lok Sabha Average Age in Years
(1952-57) 46.5
-First
Second (1957-62) 46.7
Third (1962-67) 494
Fourth (1967-70) t+5. t
Frtln (e71-77) 49.2
Sixth (1977-79) q1 1

Seventh (1980-84) 49.9

Eighth (1985-89) 51 .4
Ninth (1989-91) 51.3
Tenth (1991-96) 51.4
Eleventh (1996-97) a/) o

Twelfth (1998-99) 46.4

Thirteenth (1999-04) cc E

Fourteenth (2004-09) <).

Fiftee nth (20A5-2014) 53.7
Sixteenth (2014-tiil date) 53. B

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Mernbers of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha: A Study 361

Thirteenth Lok sabha was the oldest with an average age of 55.S
years. The present House with an average age of 53.g years is the
second oldest in terms of average age. shri L.K. Advani, (86 years) is
the oldest elected member of the sixteenth Lok sabha while shri
Dushyant Chautala, (26 years) has the distinction of being the youngest
member. Smt- Raksha Nikhir Khadse who is 27 years is the youngest
woman member and smt. Bijoya chakravarty, 75 years is the ordest
wcman member of the present Lok Sabha.
An attempt has been made to study the age piofite of 315- first-
time members of the sixteenth Lok sabha. The distiibution of their
age into 'l 1 different age groups has been given in Table 3 and chart
3. There are 53 first time members belonging to the age group of 56-
60, which is the largest. while three members are in the age group 76-
80, which is the smallest. lt is interesting to note tha t a li the 2 .1

elected members of the sixteenth Lok sabha in ttre age-group 25-30

are first timers. out of 315 first time members, 169 (about 54 per
cent) belong to the age group of 51 and above.

TABLE 3

Different Age Groups of First-time Members

Age Group No. of Members
25- 30 12
31- 35 17
36- 40 27
41-45 41
46- 50. 49
51- 55 46
56- 60
61- 65 40
66- 70 111

71-75 12
76- B0 3

Educational Background of Members

The members of the sixteenth Lok sabha possess a diverse range
of educational qualifications but only the highest degreeiquallfication

It includes one lirst timer mernber elected frcrn two constituencies, Vadcdara
and
V aranas i.

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 362 The Journal of Parliamentary lnformation

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 Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha; A Study 363

acquired by them has been taken Into consideration. Their educationai

backgrounds have been classified into six broad categories, namely
Under Matric, Matric, Under Graduate, Graduate, post Graduate and
Doctorate as given in Table 4 and Chart 4.
Thei'e are 226 graduale members (41 .62 per cent of the members)
which is the largest educational group in the Sixteenth Lok Sabha.
160 members are post graduates which is the second largest representation.
One of the important highlights about educational profile of members
is that 33 members have Doctorate degrees.92 members are matriculates/
lnters while 'l 7 member are under matric. ln the present Lok Sabha,
more than 77 per cent members are graduates and above.

TABLE 4

Educational Background of Members

Educational Qualifications No. of Percentage

Menlbers
U nder M atriculates/Certifie d
Cours es/othe rs 17 3.'13
Matric, lnter/H (7h Secondary,
Diploma Holders 92 1 6.95
U nder Graduate {q 277
Graduates (including those with
equivalent technical/profes sional
qualificat io ns ) 226 41.62
Post Graduales (including those with
equivalent technical/p rofes sio nal
qualifications) 160 29.46
Doctomte ae 6. C7

Occupation of Members
A study of occupationar background of members of the sixteenth
Lok Sabha shows that members are engaged in a wide range of
occupations and professions. A large number of members are engaged
in more than one occupation, and only the one which the members
have put first has been taken into consideration for the purpose of ilris
article. As per available data with regard to occupations, these have
been broadly categorized into 15 professions and the data have been

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 Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha; A Study Jb3

given in Table No.5 and Chart No.S. As per the information supplied
by the members, agriculturists/farmers constitute the single largest group
and as many as 166 members are engaged in this profession. The
second largest category with 133 members belongs to the group of
social or political workers. There are 79 business persons, 54 advocates
and 26 medical practitioners in the Sixteenih Lok Sabha.
W ith regard to occupational background of the members, agriculturists
were the second largest group in the First and Second Lok Sabha lt
is interesting to observe that from the Third Lok Sabha onwards
including the Sixteenth Lok Sabha, agriculturists/farmers have remainecj
the largest group among occupationalcategories. From the Ninth Lok
Sabha onwards, the poiitical and socialworkers category oi members
has taken the second place among occupations. ln the Fifteenth Lok
Sabha, 193 members (35.54 per cent) and 147 members (21 .07 per
cent) declared their occupation as agriculturists and political and
social rvorkers, respectively. lt is worth mentioning that Advocate/
Lawyers constituted the single largest group in the First and Second Lok

TABLE 5

Occupational Background of Members

No. of Percentage
Members
Ag ricutu ils t/farm ers 166 30 5/
Socral anci Political Worker 133 24.49
B us inessperson, Trader, Transporter aa 14 54
A dv ocate 54 9.94
Medical Practitioner to 4.78
Artist, Film Ar'tist 17 313
Professor, Educationist, Teacher,
Teacher (Retd.) to 4.7 B

lndustrialist, Builder 10 1.84

Journalist, Writer 7 1.28
Civil, Police and Military Services, Dipiomat 7 1.28
Religious Missionary, Social Reformer I 0.36
Spo rtsperson, Crrcketer ') 0.36
Strategy Consultant, Consultant 5 0.92
Eng inee r/C harte red Accountant 5 n o"'

Others 4 073

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 366 The Journal of Parliamentary lnformation

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 Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha: A Study 362

Sabha as 153 (35.42 per cent) and 147 (30.25 per cent) members,
respectively belonged to this profession. Lawyers formed the second
largest group in the Third, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Lok
Sabha.

Legislative Experience of Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha:

Key Highlights
Legislative experience is yet another important aspect of the profile
of the members. The study of legislative experience pertaining to the.
members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha includes membership of Lok
Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council
of States. One of the most striking features of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha
is that 315 members have been elected for the first time to the Lok
Sabha constituting 5B per cent of the total members. Some of the key
highlights with respect to legislative experiences are as follows:
r 315* members elected for the first time (58 per cent).
r 40 women members elected for the first time (64.5 per cent)
out of 62.
r 190 menrbers (60.31 per cent) out ;f 315 first-time members,
have no leglslative experience in Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha,
Legislative Assemblies and Legislative Councils in States.
a 225 members elected have experience in the previous Lok
Sa bhas.
r .l
69 members re-elected from 15h Lok Sabha (150 men and
19 women)
I 30 rnembers have experience of Rajya Sabha.
I 211 members were members of Legislative Assembly in States.
r 25 members were members of Legislative Council in States.
I Shri Kamal ti ath, a nine-term member is the senior rnost
member of Lok Sabha. He was the Speaker pro-tem of lhe
present Lok Sabha.
r Among women, Smt. Sumitra Mahajan has the distinction
of being elected for eight consecutive terms from Ninth to
Sixteenth Lok Sabha, from the same constituency - lndore
(Madhya Pradesh). Smt. Mahajan has been elected
unanimously to the office of Speaker of the Sixteetnth Lok
Sabha on 6 June 20'l 4.
The number of first-time elected members to ihe Sixteenih Lok

One member has been elected to the Sixteenth Lok SaL,ha for the flrst iime Irom
two constituencies r - Vadodara and Varanasi.

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 368 The Journal of Parliamentary lntormation

Sabha, State-wise, has been given in l'able 6. As evident frorn Table

6, Uttar Pradesh has sent 54 new members which is the largest in
terms of number. 35 members have been elected from Tamil Nadu which
is the second largest number.

Women Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha

Sixty two wotren have been elected to the Sixteenth Lok Sabha,
the highest number so far which is 11 per cent of the total strength
543 (Chart 6). The number of elected women members which was 22
in the First Lok Sabha and 27 in the second Lok Sabha increased to

. TABLE 6

First-time Elected Members (State-wise)

State Name Number Total Seats Pe r ce nta ge
And hra Pradesh 1B 25 aa
Ass an-r B 14 57.14
B ihar 17 40 42.5
C hand igarh 1 1 '10 0
C hhattisg ai'h b tt 54.54
Delhi 7 7 10c
Goa 1 2 50
Gujarat 15 26 57.69
Haryana 7 IU 70
Himachal Pradesh 1 4 25
Jammu and Kashmir 4 6 66.66
J harkhand 6 14 '42.85
Karnataka 11 39 28
Kerala 4 20 20
La ks hadwe ep 1 1 100
tvladhya Pradesh 14 29 48.27
M aharashtra 29 4B 60.4'1
N agaland 1 1 100
O disha 12 21 57.14
Puducherry 1 1 100
Punjab o 13 4b I5
Rajasthan 1B aq 72
Tamil N adu .E
39 89.74
T elangana 10 17 53. 82
T rip ura 2 2 100
Uttar Pradesh BO 67.5
U ttarakhand 3 A
60
West Bengal 42 54.76

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 Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha: A Study 369

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59 members in the Fifteenth Lok Sabha. The lowest number of wornen

winners was 'l g in the Sixth Lok Sabha in 1977.
Table 7 gives details of women members elected to the Sixteenth
Lok Sabha State-wise. lt shows that 1B Statr:s and iwo Uriion ten-itoi"ies,
namely Delhi and chanciigrartr have uronren lepreseniaiion in the Sixteenth
Lok Sabha. ln terms of percentage, W est Bengal has *re highest
wornen representation (29 per cent). ln this State 12 oul r-t[ 42
members are women. ln Uttar Pradesh 13 out of B0 are women, which
is highest arnong ail States in terms of number.
Chart 7 gives detaiis of wonren member.s elected tc the Sixteenth
Lok Sabha, Pafly-wise. Fifteen Politlcal Parties have women representation
in the Sixteenth Lok Sabha. With 30 members, the B'hartiya Janata

TABLE 7

Number and Percentage of Women Members - State-wise

State No. of Wornen Total No. of % of Women
MPs MPs MPs
West Bengal 12 29
U ttarakhand I 5 20
Madhya Pradesh 5 29 17
J&K 1 6 1/
Uttar Pradesh 13 BO 16
Gujarat 4
')a
15
Delhi 1 7 14
A ssanr 2 14 14
M aharashtra E
4B 10
Tamil N adu 4 20 10
Odisha 2 tt 10
B ihar J 40 B
Punjab 1 IJ I
Andhra Pradesh 2 25 B
Telangana 1 17 6
l..erala 1 2A 5
!l ajas t ha n 1 25 4
Karnataka 1 2B 4
Chanciigarh 1 1 100
C hhattisg arh 1 r1 s09

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 Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha: A Study 371

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Pady has the lrigtrest representation and the Atl lndia Trinamocl
Congress has 11 women members which is the second highest. Nine
Political Parties have one woman representative each in the Sixteenth
Lck Sabha.
The average age of women members of the Si;rteenth Lox
Sabha is 47 years which is much lower in cornparison Io tne
average age of the total memhership of this Lok Sabha whiclr rs
53.8 years. lt is worth mentioning that tne average age of the male
members is 54.68 years. Table B and Chart 8 give age profile of all
62 .women members, classifying thern into 10 age groups with a
span of 5 years. There are 5 women members in the lowest age
group of 25-30 and there are 3 women members in the highest age
group of 71-75. Ten members belong lo 41-45 years age group while
another 10 members belong to 46-50 age group wl]ich means one
third of the total elected women members belong to the age group
between 41 to 50. Out of 62 women members,22 members (35 48
per ce_nt) are above 50 years of age.

TABLE B

Distribution of Women Members in

Different age Groups

Age Groups Percentage

25-30 5
3'1-35 7

36-40 B

4 l-4J 10

46-50 10
E4 EE
7
56-60 2
61 -65 6

66-70
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76-80

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 Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha: A Study 373

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Table 9 and Chart 9 provide details of educational qualifications

of all 62 women members. 27 women members (43.54 per cent) are
Post-Graduates/Professional Post Graduates. 1B women members
(29.03 per cent) are Graduates/Professional Graduates, 1 Woman
member (1.61 per cent) is Under Graduate and 13 Wornen rnembers
(20.96 per cent are matric. There are three under matric women
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Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha: A Study

TABLE 9

Educational Qualifications of Women Members

Educational No. of Perc'entage

Qualification Members
a 483
U nder M atric/Certifi ed Course J

Matric 13 20 96
U nder Graduate 1 1.61

G rad uate/Professional Grad uate 18 29.03

Post G raduate/Professional
Post Graduate 27 43.54

Occupation of women members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha has

been given in Table 10 and Chart 10. Twenty one women members
are social/political workers. There are 11 women member associated
-agriculture
with while 6 are business women and 5 advocates. lt is
worth noting that out of 62 women members,6 each belong to the
categories of artists and medical practitioners, constituting about 20
per cent of the total women members.

TABLE 1O

Occupation of Women Members

Occupation Number of Percentage

Women Members

Political and Social Worker 21 33. 87

Ag ricuhurisVFarm er 11 17.74
Business Women 6 9.67
Advocate 5 8.06
Artist 6 9.67
It4 edical Practilioner b 9.67
Te ache r/Ed ucationisUWriter 5 B.06
Retd. State Govt. Employee 1 161
li ousew ife 1 1.61

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 Members of the Sixteenth Lok Sabha: A Study

Table 11 gives the number of first-time women mem-berc (siar*-

wise) elected to the Sixteenth Lok Sabha. cut of the total40 first-time
women members, 9 members have been elected from Uttar pradesh
while west Bengar has sent B first-time women members to the
present Lok sabha, rt is worth mentioning that out of 62 women
members, 40 have been elected for the first time, constituting 64.s1
percent of the total women mernbers.
TABLE 11

First-time Women Members (State-wise) in the

Sixteenth Lok Sabha
State Name Number of Members Number of Total Seats
Andhra Pradesh 2 25
Assam 1 14
Bihar 1 40
Chandigarh 1 1
Delhi 1 7
Gujarat 2 26
Karnalaka 1 Z6
Kerala 1 20
Madttya Pradesh 2 29
Mahamshtra 3 4B
Odisha Z 21
Rajasthan 1 25
Tamil Nadu 4 39
Telangana 1 17
lJttar Pradesh I BO
We st B engal B

Some-of the key findings inter alia indicate that the average age of
the members of sixteenth Lok Sabha is 53.8 which is the second
oldest, while women's members average age at 47 years is rnuch
lower; 62 women members have been erected io the sixteenth Lok
sabha which is the highest ever. rt is worth noting that west Bengal
has sent 12 women members out of 42 seats rryhich is 2g per cent of
the total membership from the state. one of the notabre features of
the Sixteenth Lok sabha is that 315 members are first timers. out of
481 male members, 275 are first-tirner members which constitute
57 -17 per cent. out of 62 women members 4o are first timers
, that is
64.51 per cent. 190 out of 31S new members (60.31 per cent) have
entered into the legislative arena for the first time. The Sixteenth Lok
Sabha has representaiion of members from a wide range of occupations
but the agriculturists and sociar workers categories have the highest
representation. ln the presenl Lok Sabha, more than 77 per cent
members are graduates and aborze, incruding 26 medicar practitioners
and 33 Doctorates.

1P