Ventilation

CONTROLS & NORMAL ABNORMAL
VENTILATION 1 of 45 OVERVIEW
INDICATORS OPERATION OPERATION
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Welcome to this presentation

covering the Ventilation
systems on A320 Series
aircraft.
There are three separate
systems covered in this
lesson. They are the avionics
ventilation system, the
lavatory & galley ventilation
system, and the cargo
compartment ventilation
system.
Like the majority of the
systems on the aircraft, these
systems are fully automated
and require minimal attention
from the crew.
We will start with the avionics
ventilation system.
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SECTION - OVERVIEW MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The avionics ventilation

system provides cooling air for
the avionics compartment, the
cockpit instruments, and the
circuit breakers. We will refer
to these components as the
“avionics equipment”.
Air is circulated by two fans, a

blower and an extract fan.
These fans operate
continuously if AC power is in
use.
Avionics
Equipment
Blower Fan Extract Fan
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
If the aircraft is on the ground

and warm ambient conditions
exist, air is taken from outside
the aircraft through an air inlet
valve.
Inlet Valve Extract Valve
The air is blown across the

avionics equipment, is
extracted, and discharged
overboard through an extract
valve.
This is known as the open

configuration. Inlet Valve Extract Valve
Avionics
Equipment
Blower Fan Extract Fan
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
If the aircraft is on the ground

and cool ambient conditions
exist, the valves are closed
and air from within the aircraft
is used for avionics cooling.
The cooler temperature of the
outside air means that the
aircraft’s skin will be cooler.
Avionics
A skin / heat exchanger is Equipment
used to cool the circulated air.
This is literally the space
between two of the ribs of the
fuselage through which the air
is circulated.
This is known as the closed
configuration. Closed Closed
Valves are provided to isolate
the skin / heat exchanger if
necessary.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The closed configuration is

normally used in flight to take
advantage of the cold skin
temperatures and cool the
avionics.
The avionics ventilation
system defines infight as all
operations from the
application of takeoff power to
landing. Avionics
Equipment
Closed Closed
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In extremely warm ambient

conditions, the system may go
to an intermediate
configuration when takeoff
power is applied.
In the intermediate
configuration, a small internal
flap on the extract valve opens
to exhaust some of the heated
air overboard. Avionics
Equipment
The system reverts to the
closed configuration when
cooler ambient conditions are
reached.
Small Flap
Closed Small Flap open
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The entire system is controlled

by an Avionics Equipment
Ventilation Computer (AEVC).
It controls the operation of all
fans and valves in the avionics
ventilation system.
That concludes the overview
of the avionics ventilation
system.
Avionics
Now we will overview the Equipment
other ventilation systems.
AVIONICS EQUIPMENT VENTILATION COMPUTER
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The lavatory and galley

ventilation system is
completely automatic.
Cabin air passes through the
lavatory and galley areas and
is removed by an extract fan.
The extract fan cannot be
monitored nor controlled from
the cockpit.
The fan pulls air into a duct

leading to the pressurization
system’s outflow valve where
it is exhausted overboard.
The extract fan runs Lavatory and galley air
continuously if AC power is in
use.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The forward cargo

compartment is ventilated and
heated on most aircraft.
Ventilation and heating is fully
automatic. Ambient air from
the cabin area enters the
forward cargo compartment
through an inlet isolation
valve.
The air is removed from the
compartment by an extract fan
when the aircraft is
unpressurized.
In flight, when ΔP is greater
than 1 psi, the extract fan is
deactivated and differential
pressure is used to ventilate
the compartment.
In either case, the air is
exhausted overboard through
a skin mounted venturi.
Cabin
Air
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The operation of both isolation

valves and the extract fan is
controlled automatically by a
cargo ventilation controller.
The cargo ventilation

controller automatically closes
both isolation valves and
deactivates the extract fan if
smoke is detected in the
forward cargo compartment.
This eliminates the fresh air
source and increases the
effectiveness of the cargo fire
extinguishers.
Cabin Cargo Ventilation

Controller
Air
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Hot bleed air is supplied to

provide heating for the forward
cargo compartment.
The hot bleed air is supplied
from the same hot air duct that
provides hot bleed air to the
trim air valves that serve the
cockpit and cabin.
A cargo trim air valve,

controlled by the cargo
heating controller, is installed
to allow the crew to control the
temperature in the cargo
compartment.
This completes the
OVERVIEW section of this
lesson.
Cabin Cargo Heating

Controller
Air
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
A portion of the lower part of

the CAB PRESS page is used
to display avionics ventilation
system information.
The VENT, INLET, and

EXTRACT labels are normally
white.
They provide information on
the state of the inlet and
extract systems.
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SECTION - CONTROLS & INDICATORS MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The labels are displayed in

amber to indicate problems
with various parts of the
system.
We will show examples of this
in the ABNORMAL
OPERATION section.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The positions of the inlet and

extract valves are indicated on
this page.
In this example, the avionics
ventilation system is in the
open configuration. Both the
inlet and extract valves are
open.
During warm / hot weather,
this is what you will see when
the aircraft is on the ground.
30
30
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In this example, the system is

in the intermediate
configuration.
The inlet valve is closed and a
small flap on the extract valve
is open.
30
30
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Here we have an example of

the closed configuration. Both
the inlet and extract valves are
closed.
This is what you would see in
cold ambient conditions both
in flight and on the ground.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The inlet and extract valves

are displayed in amber if the
valve position disagrees with
the commanded position.
In this exaggerated example,
both the INLET and EXTRACT
valve positions disagree with
the commanded position.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The valves are also displayed

in amber when in transit.
In this example, the system is
changing from the open to the
closed configuration during
takeoff.
20
20
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The VENTILATION control

panel is located on the forward
right portion of the overhead
panel.
The BLOWER and EXTRACT
pbs are normally left in the
AUTO (lights out) position,
allowing the avionics
ventilation system to operate
automatically.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
BLOWER pb FAULT light illuminates if:

The FAULT light in the
BLOWER pb illuminates, and • Blower fan pressure is low.
an ECAM message is
generated, if any of these • Duct overheat is detected.
situations occur.
• Computer power supply fails.
• Avionics smoke is detected.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
EXTRACT pb FAULT light illuminates if:

The FAULT light in the
EXTRACT pb illuminates, and • Extract fan pressure is low.
an ECAM message is
generated, if any of these • Computer power supply fails.
situations occur.
• Avionics smoke is detected.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The OVRD lights in the

BLOWER and EXTRACT pbs
illuminate if the respective pb
is pushed.
This is usually only done in
response to system
abnormals.
We will discuss this in more
detail in the ABNORMAL
OPERATION section.
There are no cockpit controls
related to the lavatory and
galley ventilation system.
OVRD OVRD
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Cargo compartment ventilation

information is displayed on the
lower portion of the COND
page.
The temperature in the

forward cargo compartment is
displayed digitally. It is always
green.
The FWD label is always
displayed in white.
FWD
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The forward cargo inlet duct

temperature is normally
displayed in green.
It is displayed in amber if it is
not within limits.
FWD
180
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The inlet isolation valve is

displayed in-line green when it
is open.
It is displayed cross-line
amber when it is closed.
The position of the trim air
valve is always displayed in
green.
In the C (cold) position, the
valve is closed and no hot air
is being added to the cabin air
flowing into the cargo FWD
compartment.
In the H (hot) position, the
valve is fully open and the
maximum amount of hot air is
being added to the cabin air.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
When the outlet isolation valve

is open, it is displayed in
green.
If the outlet isolation valve is

closed, it is displayed in
amber.
FWD
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
On aircraft equipped with

cargo heat, a CARGO HEAT
control panel is located on the
right side of the overhead
panel.
CARGO HEAT
FWD ISOL VALVE
FWD
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The FAULT light in the FWD

ISOL VALVE pb illuminates,
and an ECAM message is
generated, if either the inlet or
the extract isolation valve is
not in the commanded
position.
CARGO HEAT
FWD ISOL VALVE
If the FWD ISOL VALVE pb
is selected OFF, both
OFF
isolation valves and the trim
valve close, and the extract
fan stops. FWD
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The temperature knob allows

the crew to control the
temperature in forward cargo
compartment.
The temperatures shown here
are for reference only.
59°F
CARGO HEAT
FWD ISOL VALVE
This completes the

CONTROLS &
INDICATORS section. FWD
41°F 79°F
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Preflight of the ventilation

systems is quite simple.
The CARGO HEAT control
panel should be lights out and
the temperature set as
necessary.
CARGO HEAT
The VENTILATION control FWD ISOL VALVE
panel should be in a lights out

condition.
FWD
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SECTION - NORMAL OPERATION MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
During ground operations, you

may see the avionics
ventilation system in the open
or closed configuration
depending on ambient air
temperature and aircraft skin
temperature.
20
20
SKIN TEMP > APPROXIMATELY 50°F SKIN TEMP < APPROXIMATELY 50°F
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In hot conditions, the

ventilation system goes to the
intermediate configuration
when takeoff thrust is applied.
The system will eventually go
to the closed configuration
after it has had time to cool.
If cooler conditions prevail, the
system goes directly to the
closed configuration when
takeoff thrust is applied, if it
isn’t already closed.
That concludes the NORMAL 30

30
OPERATION section.
SKIN TEMP > APPROXIMATELY 90°F SKIN TEMP < APPROXIMATELY 90°F
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
To fully understand the

avionics ventilation system
abnormals that follow, you
need to understand the
purpose of the system’s
design.
Using the cold skin
temperature to cool the
avionics ventilation air in flight,
instead of air conditioned air,
saves fuel by reducing bleed Avionics
air demand. Equipment
However, if certain failures
occur, actions can be taken to
introduce air conditioned air
into the system.
Lets take a look.
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SECTION - ABNORMAL OPERATION MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
We will start with an avionics

ventilation system blower
fault.
The single chime sounds, the
MASTER CAUT lights
illuminate, and the FAULT light
in the BLOWER pb
illuminates.
NOTE: If this malfunction occurs on the ground, the external horn
These indications could be
in the nose gear area sounds to alert the ground crew of possible
caused by several things
inadequate avionics cooling.
including low blower pressure
or a duct overheat.
The CAB PRESS page is
automatically displayed.
The VENT label is displayed in
amber indicating a problem
with the avionics ventilation
system.
The INLET label is displayed
in amber indicating a blower
fault.
Advance to cancel the
MASTER CAUT lights and
select the BLOWER pb to
OVRD.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Avionics
Selecting the BLOWER pb to Equipment
OVRD:
• Places the avionics
ventilation system in the
closed configuration (if not
already).
• Deactivates the blower fan
(the extract fan continues to AIR CONDITIONED
run). AIR
• Introduces air conditioned air
into the avionics ventilation
system.
The skin / heat exchanger
valves remain open.
The air conditioned air is used
to replace the air flow lost due
to the loss of the blower fan.
Now let’s look at an extract
fan fault.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The single chime sounds, the

MASTER CAUT lights
illuminate, and the FAULT light
in the EXTRACT pb
illuminates.
These indications could be
caused by several things
including low extract pressure.
NOTE: If this malfunction occurs on the ground, the external horn
The CAB PRESS page is in the nose gear area sounds to alert the ground crew of possible
automatically displayed. inadequate avionics cooling.
The VENT label is displayed in
amber indicating a problem
with the avionics ventilation
system.
The EXTRACT label is
displayed in amber indicating
an extract fault.
Advance to cancel the
MASTER CAUT lights and
select the EXTRACT pb to
OVRD.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Avionics
Selecting the EXTRACT pb to Equipment
OVRD:
• Places the avionics
ventilation system in the
closed configuration (if not
already).
• Introduces air conditioned air
into the avionics ventilation AIR CONDITIONED
system. AIR
The blower and extract fans
continue to be powered in the
hope that the extract fan will
continue to provide air flow.
The skin / heat exchanger
valves remain open.
The air conditioned air is used
to replace the air flow lost due
to the loss extract fan
effectiveness.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Avionics
Here we have a situation you Equipment
cannot do much about.
Again, you hear a single
chime and see the MASTER
CAUT lights.
The FAULT lights in both the
BLOWER and EXTRACT pbs
illuminate.
These are indications that the
avionics equipment ventilation
computer has failed or lost
power or a valve
disagreement has occurred.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Computer malfunction Inlet valve disagreement
The CAB PRESS page

provides more information.
In the first example, the
computer has failed (the
valves are displayed in green).
In the second example, the
inlet valve is in the closed Extract valve
position when it should be disagreement
open.
In the third example, the
extract valve is in the open
position when it should be
closed.
Notice that in all cases of an
AVNCS SYS FAULT the VENT
label is always displayed in
amber.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In this example, the inlet valve

has failed to the open position
in flight.
Notice that no FAULT lights
illuminate and no ECAM steps
are displayed.
No pilot action is required.
There is a non-return valve in
the inlet duct which prevents a
pressurization problem.
VENT SKIN VALVE FAULT
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In this example, the extract

valve has failed to the open
position in flight.
It does not have a non-return
valve so pressurization will be
effected.
The ECAM directs you to
select both the BLOWER &
EXTRACT pbs to OVRD in an
attempt to close the extract
valve by sending an additional
closure signal from the
computer.
If that is unsuccessful, a
descent and manual operation
of the pressurization system
will be required.
VENT SKIN VALVE FAULT
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
If avionics smoke is detected:

SMOKE
- MASTER CAUT lights
illuminate.
- The single chime sounds.
- The SMOKE light in the GEN
1 LINE pb illuminates.
- The FAULT lights in the
BLOWER & EXTRACT pbs
AVNCS SMOKE LAND ASAP
illuminate.
-BLOWER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .OVRD
- The ELEC page is displayed. -EXTRACT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OVRD
-CAB FANS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF
- The AVNCS SMOKE IF SMOKE PERCEIVED
message is displayed on the -SIGNS ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF
-OXY MASK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON
E/WD.
Because of its complexity, this
granddaddy of all avionics
ventilation abnormals will be
discussed in greater detail in a
classroom presentation.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In this example you can see

the indications if the position CARGO HEAT
FWD ISOL VALVE
of one of the cargo ventilation
system isolation valves
disagrees with its commanded
position.
No action steps are provided. FWD
That concludes the

ABNORMAL OPERATION
section.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
The CRT and LCD display of

the COND page are virtually
identical.
On some aircraft, the FWD
cargo compartment is not
heated. CRT and LCD COND page displays are nearly identical.
The ECAM page will reflect
this difference.
CRT and LCD display “identical”
FWD
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SECTION - DIFFERNCES MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
A CARGO HEAT panel is not

provided on aircraft without
forward cargo heat.
FWD ISOL VALVE
FWD
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SECTION - DIFFERNCES MAIN MENU
VENTILATION OVERVIEW
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
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SECTION - QUIZ MAIN MENU
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
In which of the following situations

will the avionics ventilation system
operate in the open configuration?
The aircraft is on the ground, the thrust

levers NOT at T/O, and in warm ambient
conditions.

levers NOT at T/O, and in cold ambient
conditions.

levers are at T/O, and in hot ambient
conditions.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ

operate in the open configuration?

levers NOT at T/O, and in warm ambient
conditions.

levers NOT at T/O, and in cold ambient
conditions.

levers are at T/O, and in hot ambient
conditions.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ

operate in the closed configuration?
On the ground in warm ambient

conditions.
During all ground operations.
During takeoff until 1500 feet.
On the ground in cold ambient

conditions.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ

operate in the closed configuration?

conditions.
On the ground in cold ambient

conditions.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ

with the avionics ventilation system
operate in the intermediate
configuration?

conditions.
During takeoff or in flight in very warm

ambient conditions.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ

with the avionics ventilation system
operate in the intermediate
configuration?

conditions.
During takeoff or in flight in very warm

ambient conditions.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Which of the following statements is

correct regarding the avionics
ventilation system given the
temperature at the right?
Closed configuration on the ground before

applying T/O power and open configuration
after applying T/O power and in the air.
Intermediate configuration on the ground

and open configuration in the air.
Open configuration on the ground and

smoke configuration in the air.
Open configuration on the ground before

applying T/O power and intermediate
configuration after applying T/O power.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ

correct regarding the avionics
ventilation system given the
temperature at the right?
Closed configuration on the ground before

applying T/O power and open configuration
after applying T/O power and in the air.
Intermediate configuration on the ground

and open configuration in the air.
Open configuration on the ground and

smoke configuration in the air.
Open configuration on the ground before

applying T/O power and intermediate
configuration after applying T/O power.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Which of the following occur if the

FWD
FWD ISOL VALVE pb on the CARGO
HEAT panel is selected OFF?
Both forward cargo isolation valves

close, the extract fan stops, and the trim
air valve closes.
A cargo smoke warning is generated.

CARGO HEAT
FWD ISOL VALVE
Forward cargo cooling is deactivated.

FWD
Both forward cargo isolation valves and

the trim air valve close but the extract
fan continues to run.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ
Which of the following occur if the

FWD
FWD ISOL VALVE pb on the CARGO
HEAT panel is selected OFF?
Both forward cargo isolation valves

close, the extract fan stops, and the trim
air valve closes.
A cargo smoke warning is generated.

CARGO HEAT
FWD ISOL VALVE
Forward cargo cooling is deactivated.

FWD
Both forward cargo isolation valves and

the trim air valve close but the extract
fan continues to run.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ

correct regarding the lavatory and
galley ventilation extract fan?
The fan runs anytime AC power is provided

to the aircraft and cannot be monitored nor FWD
controlled from the cockpit.
The fan can be deactivated using the CAB

FANS pb on the VENTILATION panel.
The fan only runs on the ground. Inflilght,

cabin differential pressure is used to
ventilate the lavatories and galleys.
The fan directs air drawn from the

lavatories and galleys to the mixing unit
where it is recirculated to the cockpit.
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DIFFERENCES QUIZ

correct regarding the lavatory and
galley ventilation extract fan?
The fan runs anytime AC power is provided

to the aircraft and cannot be monitored nor FWD
controlled from the cockpit.
The fan can be deactivated using the CAB

FANS pb on the VENTILATION panel.
The fan only runs on the ground. Inflilght,

cabin differential pressure is used to
ventilate the lavatories and galleys.
The fan directs air drawn from the

lavatories and galleys to the mixing unit
where it is recirculated to the cockpit.
EXIT TO
DIFFERENCES QUIZ
You have completed the

Ventilation lesson.
Click here to
exit to the main menu.
EXIT TO

Ventilation

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CONTROLS & NORMAL ABNORMAL

Welcome to this presentation

The avionics ventilation

Air is circulated by two fans, a

Blower Fan Extract Fan

If the aircraft is on the ground

The air is blown across the

This is known as the open

Blower Fan Extract Fan

If the aircraft is on the ground

The closed configuration is

In extremely warm ambient

The entire system is controlled

AVIONICS EQUIPMENT VENTILATION COMPUTER

The lavatory and galley

The fan pulls air into a duct

The forward cargo

The operation of both isolation

The cargo ventilation

Cabin Cargo Ventilation

Hot bleed air is supplied to

A cargo trim air valve,

Cabin Cargo Heating

A portion of the lower part of

The VENT, INLET, and

The labels are displayed in

The positions of the inlet and

In this example, the system is

Here we have an example of

The inlet and extract valves

The valves are also displayed

The VENTILATION control

BLOWER pb FAULT light illuminates if:

EXTRACT pb FAULT light illuminates if:

The OVRD lights in the

Cargo compartment ventilation

The temperature in the

The forward cargo inlet duct

The inlet isolation valve is

When the outlet isolation valve

If the outlet isolation valve is

On aircraft equipped with

The FAULT light in the FWD

The temperature knob allows

This completes the

Preflight of the ventilation

panel should be in a lights out

During ground operations, you

In hot conditions, the

That concludes the NORMAL 30

To fully understand the

We will start with an avionics

The single chime sounds, the

Computer malfunction Inlet valve disagreement

The CAB PRESS page

In this example, the inlet valve

VENT SKIN VALVE FAULT

In this example, the extract

VENT SKIN VALVE FAULT

If avionics smoke is detected:

In this example you can see

That concludes the

The CRT and LCD display of