Projection of Lines

NOTATIONS

Following notations should be followed while naming different views in

orthographic projections.

OBJECT Line A B

IT’S TOP VIEW (Plan) ab

IT’S FRONT VIEW (Elevation) a’ b’

IT’S SIDE VIEW (Profile View) a” b’’

 For Tv Orthographic Pattern
(Pictorial Presentation) V.P.
a’
Note: a’
Fv is a vertical line
. A Fv
V.P
Showing True Length
1. FV &
Tv is a point. b’
A Line b’
perpendicular Y
X Y
Fo
to Hp B rF
v
& TV a b
Tv a b
// to Vp X

H.P.
Orthographic Pattern
(Pictorial Presentation) For Tv Note: V.P.
Fv & Tv both are
2. // to xy a’ Fv b’
.
A Line V.P F.V
.
b’ &
B both show T. L.
// to Hp a’
& A Y X Y
// to Vp Fo
r Fv
b a b
. Tv
X T.V
a
H.P.
 Note:
FV is inclined to XY & V.P.
Showing True Length
3. . b’
V.P
b’ &
TV parallel to XY. .
F.V
A Line inclined to Hp B

.
F.V
a’ 
and  Y
parallel to Vp a’ X

(Pictorial presentation) A b
a
T.V. b
.
X T.V
a

H.P.
Orthographic Projections
Note:
TV is inclined to XY & V.P.
Showing True Length
4.
. & Y
V.P a’ Fv b’
A Line inclined to Vp F.V. b’ FV parallel to XY.
and a’
Ø
parallel to Hp A B X Y
(Pictorial presentation) a Ø

Ø Tv
a b
T.V.
b
H.P.
 Draw the projections (FV, TV & LSV) of line AB 70 mm long, inclined at 35° to H.P and
Q1 parallel to V.P. Point A is 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of the V.P.
 Draw the projections (FV, TV & LSV) of line AB 70 mm long, inclined at 35° to H.P and
Q1 parallel to V.P. Point A is 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of the V.P.

Step 1
Extract the data

TL of AB 70 mm

|| to V.P.

θ 35° with H.P.

A 20 mm ↑ H.P.
30 mm → V.P.
 Draw the projections (FV, TV & LSV) of line AB 70 mm long, inclined at 35° to H.P and
Q1 parallel to V.P. Point A is 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of the V.P.

Look for || sign and the plane

Step 2 (V.P. in this case)
Analyse/visualize the data

TL of AB 70 mm
Which view is made on V.P. ?
|| to V.P.

θ 35° with H.P.

F.V. T.V.
A 20 mm ↑ H.P.
30 mm → V.P.

TL θ Non- TL || line
70 mm 35°
 Draw the projections (FV, TV & LSV) of line AB 70 mm long, inclined at 35° to H.P and
Q1 parallel to V.P. Point A is 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of the V.P.

1 Draw the projection of the

Step 3 Draw the other principle view
given point (A) 3
Planning the Sketching Sequence
T.V.
TL of AB 70 mm Non- TL
|| line
|| to V.P. 2 Draw that view of the line
whose complete information
θ 35° with H.P. is given

A 20 mm ↑ H.P.
4 Draw the Side View by using F.V. and T.V.
30 mm → V.P. L.S.V.
F.V.
TL 70 mm
*Note – Different Qs may have a different
θ 35°
sketching sequence that depends upon the
problem statement.
 Draw the projections (FV, TV & LSV) of line AB 70 mm long, inclined at 35° to H.P and
Q1 parallel to V.P. Point A is 20 mm above the H.P. and 30 mm in front of the V.P.

Z
Step 4 b’ b”
Making the drawing
70

TL of AB 70 mm

|| to V.P. 35°

a’ a”
θ 35° with H.P.

20
O
X Y
A 20 mm ↑ H.P.
30 mm → V.P.
30

45°
a b

Y
 A line AB, 60 mm long has its end B 20 mm from HP. and 30 mm from V.P. The whole
Q2 line lies in one quadrant. Draw its projection in all the four quadrants if it is inclined to
H.P. at 32° and is parallel to V.P.

1st angle 2nd angle

a’ 60 a’
60

b a
32°
32°

b’ b’

30
20

20
X y X y
30

b a
 A line AB, 60 mm long has its end B 20 mm from HP. and 30 mm from V.P. The whole
Q2 line lies in one quadrant. Draw its projection in all the four quadrants if it is inclined to
H.P. at 32° and is parallel to V.P.

3rd angle 4th angle

Do it yourself
 A line PQ which is parallel to H.P. and inclined at 30° to V.P. The length of elevation
Q3 (F.V.) of this line is 60mm. The end P of the line is 20mm in front of V.P. and 25mm
above H.P. Draw the F.V. & T.V., and find its true length.

60

p’
q’

25
X y

20
p 30°
tru
e len
gth
=6
9. 5
ap
pro
x .
q
 End point A of line AB is 25 mm from HP and 20 mm from VP. End B is 50 mm from
Q4 HP and 45 mm from VP. Distance between the end projectors as measured parallel
to XY is 60 mm. Draw elevation and plan if the line lies in the first quadrant.

b’

a’

50
60

25
X y

20

45
a

b
 Line PQ is 75mm long and its front view measures 55mm. The line is parallel to
Q5 H.P. and one of its end P is in the VP and 25mm below the H.P. The point Q lies in
the 4th quadrant. Draw the F.V. & T.V. and determine its inclination with V.P.

p
X y

25
p’ q’
55

q
R75
 Line PQ is 75mm long and its front view measures 55mm. The line is parallel to
Q5 H.P. and one of its end P is in the VP and 25mm below the H.P. The point Q lies in
the 4th quadrant. Draw the F.V. & T.V. and determine its inclination with V.P.

p
X y

25
p’ q’
55

75
q
 Line PQ is 75mm long and its front view measures 55mm. The line is parallel to
Q5 H.P. and one of its end P is in the VP and 25mm below the H.P. The point Q lies in
the 4th quadrant. Draw the F.V. & T.V. and determine its inclination with V.P.

p
X y

25
p’
q’
55

75
q
 Line PQ is 75mm long and its front view measures 55mm. The line is parallel to
Q5 H.P. and one of its end P is in the VP and 25mm below the H.P. The point Q lies in
the 4th quadrant. Draw the F.V. & T.V. and determine its inclination with V.P.

inclination with V.P = 43° approx.

p
X y

25
p’
q’
55

75
q
 A line PQ is parallel to V.P. Its F.V. is 70mm long and makes an angle of 30° with
Q6 xy-line. The mid point of the front view is on xy-line. If the line is 20mm behind the
V.P., draw its F.V. & T.V.

p q
p’

20
m’
X y
30°
70 q’
 A line PQ is parallel to V.P. Its F.V. is 70mm long and makes an angle of 30° with
Q6 xy-line. The mid point of the front view is on xy-line. If the line is 20mm behind the
V.P., draw its F.V. & T.V.

p q
p’

20
m’
X y
30°
70 q’
 Point A is 30 mm above HP and 40 mm in front of VP. Front view is inclined at 40°
Q7 to XY line and measures 80 mm. Point B is in third quadrant. Plan of the line is 50°
to the XY line. Draw the projections of the line (FV, TV and Left Side View)

a’ b a”
40°
Profile plane

30
for point “A”
45°

80 Profile plane 45°

40 for point “B”

b’ b”
50°
a
 Point A is 30 mm above HP and 40 mm in front of VP. Front view is inclined at 40°
Q7 to XY line and measures 80 mm. Point B is in third quadrant. Plan of the line is 50°
to the XY line. Draw the projections of the line (FV, TV and Left Side View)

a’ b a”
40°
Profile plane

30
for point “A”
45°

80 Profile plane 45°

40 for point “B”

b’ b”
50°
a
 Point A is 30 mm above HP and 40 mm in front of VP. Front view is inclined at 40°
Q7 to XY line and measures 80 mm. Point B is in third quadrant. Plan of the line is 50°
to the XY line. Draw the projections of the line (FV, TV and Left Side View)

Profile plane
for point “A”

a’ b a”
40°

30
45°

80 45°
40

b’ b”
50°
a Profile plane
for point “B”
MST Q with sol (Jul-Dec 2017)