Mathematics
(ewwareeersienyanas)
(Chapter - 3) (Matrices)
(Class 12)
Miscellaneous Exercise on Chapter 3
Question 1:
Leta=[} Gj] show that (al + bA)" = a*1 + na*“*bA, where Is the identity matrix
of order 2 andn€N.
€. Answer 1:
Here, P(n): (al + bA)" = a"! + na™1bA,
‘Therefore, P(1): (al + bA)* = al + bA
Hence, the result is true for n = 1.
Let the result is true forn = k, therefore, P(K): (al + bA)* = a + na®-1bA
We have to prove that itis true forn = k + 1 also. That is
PCk +1): (al + ba) = a4 + (k + Da*bA
LHS = (al + bA)***
(al + bA)(al + bA)
(ak -+na**bA)(al + bA) — [* (al +bA)E* = a1 + na bd]
= a"1/? + a*IbA + naXIbA + na*1b2A®
=al11 4 (k + a*ba [= AA
RHS:
Therefore, the result is true for n = k + 1. Hence, by the Principle of Mathematical
Induction, (al + ba)" = a"! + na"-*bA is true for all natural numbers n.
eo y/o oy.
Question 2:
ete d gpa gut
A=]1 1 trove tnt ar =| 3
gee gra gat
€ Answer 2:
Here, P(n):A" = ]3"-1 3r-1 grt
grea nat grea
ao a8 34) a
3° 3° 39)=|1 1 1J=A
3° 3° 39) 1 1
Hence, the result is true for n = 1.
gna gn =|
Therefore, P(1):A* =
ght gkea ket
Let the result is true for n = k, therefore, P(k): AX =|3K-1 3-1 3-1
pea gk-a 3k
‘We have to prove that it is true for n = k + 1 also. That is
at 3F ae
P(k +1): Ae? = ]13k 3k 3k
a* Be Bt.
LHS = AR = Aka
set ga BTVET 1
“fe
get get gly 11
Bk BRAG RT gk-1 kT y ghd gk1 4 gkay gk
“SSS Ree Sn
Bet g get gk gla kay ghd kt 4 gkea 4g gla
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1Mathematics
feweatvertarsienyann
(Chapter - 3) (Matrices)
(Class 12)
Baht 3gh1 33h
3get 3gkt 3gk-1
st gt Bt
=]3k 3k 3k
3k 3k 3k
= RHS
‘Therefore, the result is true for n = k + 1. Hence, by the Principle of Mathematical
get gnel mw
Induction, A” =|3"-1 3-1 3"-1/ is true forall natural numbers n.
grt gra grt
[is 3.3h4 3c]
Question 3:
_B -4# "
IfA= E cil then prove that 4’
integer.
€ Answer
Here, P(n): A"
a [i a —4n J) where n is any positive
1=2n
ene
n 1-2n!
1 f1+2) -44) ]_ 3 -47_
Therefore, P(i):at=[P* PO ONO |= ff ci]=a
Hence, the result is true forn = 1.
Let the result is true for n = k, therefore, P(k): A® =
pazk ate
ko 1=2k
We have to prove that itis true forn = k + 1 also. Thatis,
gker — [1+ 2(k +1) ak + 1)
PRD AP ge | MEF 1)
LHS = a¥#1 = aka
pte tee W4]
ko anaklly =.
_[B46k—4k -4—-8k + 4k
~WBk+1-2k —4k—-142k
[t+ @k+2) —4k-4
=[ k+t egal
afit2k+y -4@e +1)
=[ k+l 1-2(k +1).
Therefore, the result is true for n = k + 1. Hence, by the Principle of Mathematical
= [ite om
nn 1-2nl
] = Ris
Induction, A” is true for all natural numbers n.
Question 4:
IFA and B are symmetric matrices, prove that AB ~ BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
€ Answer 4:
(AB — BA)! = (ABY' - (BAY’ Ie &-nt=x’-¥)]
= Bia’ — A's’ [> (By = B'4)]
=BA ~ AB [= Given A’ = 4, B’ = B]
=~ (AB -BA)
= (AB - BA)’ =-(AB — BA),
‘Therefore, AB - BA is a skew symmetric matrix.
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2Mathematics
(Grane tiwarlacanmy con)
(Chapter - 3) (Matrices)
(Class 12)
Question 5:
Show that the matrix B'AB is symmetric or skew symmetric according as A is
symmetric or skew symmetric.
€. Answer 5:
If Ais a symmetric matrix, then A’ =
Here, (8'AB)' = (AB)'(B'Y’ (ABY = B'A’)
= (AB)'B = (BY =B)
= BAB » (ABY = B'A’)
= BAB '» Given A’ = A]
= (B'ABY' = B'AB,
Hence, the matrix B’AB is also symmetric,
If A is skew symmetric matrix, then 4’
Here, (B'AB)' = (AB)'(B')’
(ABY = BA’)
[:
= (ABY'B le BY =B)
BAB [> (ABy = B'4']
= —B'AB [+ Given A’ = —A]
=> (B'ABY' = —B’AB,
Hence, the matrix B’AB is also a skew-symmetric matrix.
Question 6:
0 2y 2
Find the values of x,y,z if the matrix A = [: y + satisfy the equation 4’A =I.
Py
€ Answer 6:
Given that: A'A = I
es 0 2y re
x > alle > 1 |
x O14
oe bea
+42 +27 042)? 22 o- nil f 0 |
=
= |0+2y?-2? x+y? +2? x?-y?-z2]=]0 1 01
O-2y2 +22 x?@—y?-2? x@+y24+z2?] lOO 1
Iftwo matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal. So
4ytez2=1, 2y?=2?=0 and x? +y? +77=1
and z =
On solving, we get x = 4 th
2
tRy
Question 7:
1.2 0
For what values ofx:[1 2 1]]2 0 1||2]}=07
10 2
€ Answer 7:
12 0770)
1 0 ile.
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3