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Oil and Gas Production Measurement: From Wellhead To Pipeline
Oil and Gas Production Measurement: From Wellhead To Pipeline
Oil and Gas Production Measurement: From Wellhead To Pipeline
FMC Technologies delivers the expertise and quality that allow you
to focus on production. Through creative thinking and innovation,
we can meet the growing needs of operators in the oil and gas
industry.
Contact us
www.fmctechnologies.com/MS_ContactUs
2
From Wellhead to Pipeline
3
Processing Overview
Produced wellhead fluids such as crude oil, natural gas and brine
must be processed before sale, transport, reinjection or disposal.
Oil and gas production involves a number of surface unit operations
between the wellhead and the point of custody transfer. Collectively,
these operations are called ”field processing.”
4
Instrumentation for Process Control Measurement Value Chain
Key
Remote Crude Oil Test Separator
Tank Battery Oil Lines
FE LT = Level Transmitter
TT PT Gases
LIT = Level and Interface Transmitter
Water
HH = High Level Switch
FMC Technologies and our network of preferred suppliers offer a To Flare, Storage Condensate
FE FE LL = Low Level Switch
or Pipeline
complete line of products designed to meet your process-control Levelflex FMP55 Liquiphant M FTL51 Other Process Liquids,
PT = Pressure Transmitter
FE Vapors and Gases
needs, ensuring technologies tailored to meet your specific TT = Temperature Transmitter
Flow Element FE
application needs. Well Pad IT = Interface Transmitter
Separator
FE
FE Note: Vessel instrumentation, tank vessels and separation equipment may include
LACT
instrumentation such as level, interface, pressure, temperature transmitters,
LEVEL MEASUREMENT SELECTION LIT LT HH and high and low level switches. See individual line cards for more information.
FE Oil Tank
When selecting a level device, there are many considerations. IT PT LL
Dry Gas Gas Sweetening
We offer many different technologies to measure level:
Glycol Multi-Stage Contactor
FE
» Multiparameter (capacitance and guided radar combined) LIT LL TT Dehydration Sweet Gas to
To Water FE
Water Tank Gas/Condensate Gas Gathering
Treatment FE
» Guided radar HH PT Hydrated
Well Test Low Reagents Fuel Gases
» Capacitive Manifold Gas
Temperature
FE Separator
Glycol FE
» Vibronic Test Separator To Condensate
Storage
» Ultrasonic Compressor FE
Condensate
Crude Oil Flash Tank Battery
» Hydrostatic FE
Wells FE Vapor Return to Process
FE FE
» Gamma Oil and Gas/Condensate Vapor In
Water (Stabilization)
» Conductive
Bulk Suction
Separator FWKO FE Scrubber
FE FE Low Pressure Heater
How do you know which technology is the best fit for your applica- Desalter Stabilizer Treater
tion? The experts at FMC Technologies can help guide you through. Natural FE
Dry Gas FE FE FE
Here are just a few things we take into consideration when helping FE Condensate
FE Water Return
you select the right device: Natural Gas Injection
Condensate FE To Tankage
First, you must decide if you need to measure continuous overall Test LT
Separator FE To Tankage
level, point level or interface level. Is it a separator or tank? Is the FE
Clean
Sweetening Fractionation NGL Recovery Nitrogen FE
Wet Gas/ Water Out
FE Process Process Process Rejection
NGLs Water
Storage
Ethane FE Natural Gas to Sales Pipeline
Condensate FE
Propane FE To Distribution
to Storage
Pipeline, Ship, Rail
Butanes FE Truck Loading
10 5-6
Service and Support Flow Metering Technologies
SUPPORT When selecting a meter technology, the following criteria should FLOW METERING TECHNOLOGIES Coriolis meters have a very
be considered: wide turn-down flow range
Your instrumentation is vital to the safe operation of your processes
and, unlike volume, fluid
and the quality of the product you produce. FMC Technologies
mass is not influenced by
customer support engineers are ready to provide you with support MEASUREMENT, DATA AND ACCURACY changing process conditions
24/7, 365 days a year, assisting you over the phone with on-site
The kind of metering system and technology you need depends on such as temperature,
installation, commissioning and troubleshooting.
the type of measurement you need to perform and the kind of data pressure and viscosity.
FMC Technologies’ direct offices are located near your operations, Besides offering high
and accuracy the measurement provides. From custody transfer or the
with local inventory and measurement experts for quick responses accuracy and bi-directional
monitoring of the efficiency of critical processes to the measurement
to service needs, keeping your operations up and profitable. flow, Coriolis meters have the
of product composition – including density, viscosity or BS&W – your
Stock is available for many of our products. ability to measure several
applications require unique data output and accuracy goals for that
process variables at the same
More than 80 percent of all FMC Technologies’ instrumentation data. The following are the ways the accuracy of metering products
time. Mass flow, density and
shipped to our U.S. customers is built in the U.S., offering you are measured: Proline® Promass Coriolis Meters
temperature are the primary
maximum flexibility in shipping options and schedules.
» Repeatability: accuracy of measurements for a given flow rate variables that can be used to derive other values such as
volume flow, solids content, concentrations and complex
» Linearity: accuracy of measurements over a range of flow rates Smith Meter® F4 PD Meter Smith Meter® SC13 PD Meter density functions.
» Stability: accuracy of measurements over time (ability to
maintain repeatability and linearity)
Positive displacement (PD) meters’ unique rotary vane design Turbine meters are offered in
» Quality: the accuracy of combined output data from multiple
provides unsurpassed accuracy, long-term measurement stability several styles that offer rugged
devices in a measurement system construction for long service
and many years of maintenance-free performance. These meters
START-UP SERVICES life, high accuracy in the lower
can handle a wide range of viscosity and flow rate and have a low
Our certified service technicians provide quick and dependable pressure drop to maximize delivery rate. Other features include the and medium viscosity range,
start-up and commissioning services. Measurement and instru- resistance to paraffin buildup and electric-free operation. high-resolution pulse output
mentation expertise ensure that project milestones are met. PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS and low maintenance in clean
service applications for maxi-
The characteristic of your product determines the kind of
mum cost-effectiveness. INVALCO Turbine Meters
measurement technology you need for accurate measurement.
TRAINING Some common product characteristics include:
We understand the daunting task of finding and retaining » Viscosity range Electromagnetic flow meters measure the volume flow rate of
well-trained staff and the ever-increasing demands for higher electrically conductive fluids (greater than 1 µS/cm) with or with-
» API gravity range
out solids. These measuring devices offer you cost-effective flow
productivity. This is why we have taken years of experience
» Density measurement with a high degree of accuracy for a wide range of
and applied that to training schools so that your employees
» Percent water range process conditions. The tried-and-tested Promag sensors have no
receive the hands-on experience and support needed. We offer
pressure loss and are not sensitive to vibrations.
training according to your needs – including premium training at » Temperature and pressure
FMC Technologies’ BMP (best measurement practices) workshops. » Percent paraffin range
» Type and amount of contaminants and deposits Flow computers are
designed to monitor
continuous or batch flow
operations for liquid or gas.
Microprocessor-based units,
Customer Support and Services such as the Smith Meter®
www.fmctechnologies.com/MS_CustomerSupport microFlow.net, can be
With a complete range of products, operated either stand-alone
24/7 Service Department FMC Technologies has the right solution or as part of a supervisory
800-867-6484 for your application needs. We suggest the control and data acquisition
right fit based on our consultation with you. Smith Meter® microFlow.net™ (SCADA) system.
Training
www.fmctechnologies.com/MStraining
7 8 9
Service and Support Flow Metering Technologies
SUPPORT When selecting a meter technology, the following criteria should FLOW METERING TECHNOLOGIES Coriolis meters have a very
be considered: wide turn-down flow range
Your instrumentation is vital to the safe operation of your processes
and, unlike volume, fluid
and the quality of the product you produce. FMC Technologies
mass is not influenced by
customer support engineers are ready to provide you with support MEASUREMENT, DATA AND ACCURACY changing process conditions
24/7, 365 days a year, assisting you over the phone with on-site
The kind of metering system and technology you need depends on such as temperature,
installation, commissioning and troubleshooting.
the type of measurement you need to perform and the kind of data pressure and viscosity.
FMC Technologies’ direct offices are located near your operations, Besides offering high
and accuracy the measurement provides. From custody transfer or the
with local inventory and measurement experts for quick responses accuracy and bi-directional
monitoring of the efficiency of critical processes to the measurement
to service needs, keeping your operations up and profitable. flow, Coriolis meters have the
of product composition – including density, viscosity or BS&W – your
Stock is available for many of our products. ability to measure several
applications require unique data output and accuracy goals for that
process variables at the same
More than 80 percent of all FMC Technologies’ instrumentation data. The following are the ways the accuracy of metering products
time. Mass flow, density and
shipped to our U.S. customers is built in the U.S., offering you are measured: Proline® Promass Coriolis Meters
temperature are the primary
maximum flexibility in shipping options and schedules.
» Repeatability: accuracy of measurements for a given flow rate variables that can be used to derive other values such as
volume flow, solids content, concentrations and complex
» Linearity: accuracy of measurements over a range of flow rates Smith Meter® F4 PD Meter Smith Meter® SC13 PD Meter density functions.
» Stability: accuracy of measurements over time (ability to
maintain repeatability and linearity)
Positive displacement (PD) meters’ unique rotary vane design Turbine meters are offered in
» Quality: the accuracy of combined output data from multiple
provides unsurpassed accuracy, long-term measurement stability several styles that offer rugged
devices in a measurement system construction for long service
and many years of maintenance-free performance. These meters
START-UP SERVICES life, high accuracy in the lower
can handle a wide range of viscosity and flow rate and have a low
Our certified service technicians provide quick and dependable pressure drop to maximize delivery rate. Other features include the and medium viscosity range,
start-up and commissioning services. Measurement and instru- resistance to paraffin buildup and electric-free operation. high-resolution pulse output
mentation expertise ensure that project milestones are met. PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS and low maintenance in clean
service applications for maxi-
The characteristic of your product determines the kind of
mum cost-effectiveness. INVALCO Turbine Meters
measurement technology you need for accurate measurement.
TRAINING Some common product characteristics include:
We understand the daunting task of finding and retaining » Viscosity range Electromagnetic flow meters measure the volume flow rate of
well-trained staff and the ever-increasing demands for higher electrically conductive fluids (greater than 1 µS/cm) with or with-
» API gravity range
out solids. These measuring devices offer you cost-effective flow
productivity. This is why we have taken years of experience
» Density measurement with a high degree of accuracy for a wide range of
and applied that to training schools so that your employees
» Percent water range process conditions. The tried-and-tested Promag sensors have no
receive the hands-on experience and support needed. We offer
pressure loss and are not sensitive to vibrations.
training according to your needs – including premium training at » Temperature and pressure
FMC Technologies’ BMP (best measurement practices) workshops. » Percent paraffin range
» Type and amount of contaminants and deposits Flow computers are
designed to monitor
continuous or batch flow
operations for liquid or gas.
Microprocessor-based units,
Customer Support and Services such as the Smith Meter®
www.fmctechnologies.com/MS_CustomerSupport microFlow.net, can be
With a complete range of products, operated either stand-alone
24/7 Service Department FMC Technologies has the right solution or as part of a supervisory
800-867-6484 for your application needs. We suggest the control and data acquisition
right fit based on our consultation with you. Smith Meter® microFlow.net™ (SCADA) system.
Training
www.fmctechnologies.com/MStraining
7 8 9
Service and Support Flow Metering Technologies
SUPPORT When selecting a meter technology, the following criteria should FLOW METERING TECHNOLOGIES Coriolis meters have a very
be considered: wide turn-down flow range
Your instrumentation is vital to the safe operation of your processes
and, unlike volume, fluid
and the quality of the product you produce. FMC Technologies
mass is not influenced by
customer support engineers are ready to provide you with support MEASUREMENT, DATA AND ACCURACY changing process conditions
24/7, 365 days a year, assisting you over the phone with on-site
The kind of metering system and technology you need depends on such as temperature,
installation, commissioning and troubleshooting.
the type of measurement you need to perform and the kind of data pressure and viscosity.
FMC Technologies’ direct offices are located near your operations, Besides offering high
and accuracy the measurement provides. From custody transfer or the
with local inventory and measurement experts for quick responses accuracy and bi-directional
monitoring of the efficiency of critical processes to the measurement
to service needs, keeping your operations up and profitable. flow, Coriolis meters have the
of product composition – including density, viscosity or BS&W – your
Stock is available for many of our products. ability to measure several
applications require unique data output and accuracy goals for that
process variables at the same
More than 80 percent of all FMC Technologies’ instrumentation data. The following are the ways the accuracy of metering products
time. Mass flow, density and
shipped to our U.S. customers is built in the U.S., offering you are measured: Proline® Promass Coriolis Meters
temperature are the primary
maximum flexibility in shipping options and schedules.
» Repeatability: accuracy of measurements for a given flow rate variables that can be used to derive other values such as
volume flow, solids content, concentrations and complex
» Linearity: accuracy of measurements over a range of flow rates Smith Meter® F4 PD Meter Smith Meter® SC13 PD Meter density functions.
» Stability: accuracy of measurements over time (ability to
maintain repeatability and linearity)
Positive displacement (PD) meters’ unique rotary vane design Turbine meters are offered in
» Quality: the accuracy of combined output data from multiple
provides unsurpassed accuracy, long-term measurement stability several styles that offer rugged
devices in a measurement system construction for long service
and many years of maintenance-free performance. These meters
START-UP SERVICES life, high accuracy in the lower
can handle a wide range of viscosity and flow rate and have a low
Our certified service technicians provide quick and dependable pressure drop to maximize delivery rate. Other features include the and medium viscosity range,
start-up and commissioning services. Measurement and instru- resistance to paraffin buildup and electric-free operation. high-resolution pulse output
mentation expertise ensure that project milestones are met. PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS and low maintenance in clean
service applications for maxi-
The characteristic of your product determines the kind of
mum cost-effectiveness. INVALCO Turbine Meters
measurement technology you need for accurate measurement.
TRAINING Some common product characteristics include:
We understand the daunting task of finding and retaining » Viscosity range Electromagnetic flow meters measure the volume flow rate of
well-trained staff and the ever-increasing demands for higher electrically conductive fluids (greater than 1 µS/cm) with or with-
» API gravity range
out solids. These measuring devices offer you cost-effective flow
productivity. This is why we have taken years of experience
» Density measurement with a high degree of accuracy for a wide range of
and applied that to training schools so that your employees
» Percent water range process conditions. The tried-and-tested Promag sensors have no
receive the hands-on experience and support needed. We offer
pressure loss and are not sensitive to vibrations.
training according to your needs – including premium training at » Temperature and pressure
FMC Technologies’ BMP (best measurement practices) workshops. » Percent paraffin range
» Type and amount of contaminants and deposits Flow computers are
designed to monitor
continuous or batch flow
operations for liquid or gas.
Microprocessor-based units,
Customer Support and Services such as the Smith Meter®
www.fmctechnologies.com/MS_CustomerSupport microFlow.net, can be
With a complete range of products, operated either stand-alone
24/7 Service Department FMC Technologies has the right solution or as part of a supervisory
800-867-6484 for your application needs. We suggest the control and data acquisition
right fit based on our consultation with you. Smith Meter® microFlow.net™ (SCADA) system.
Training
www.fmctechnologies.com/MStraining
7 8 9
Instrumentation for Process Control Measurement Value Chain
Key
Remote Crude Oil Test Separator
Tank Battery Oil Lines
FE LT = Level Transmitter
TT PT Gases
LIT = Level and Interface Transmitter
Water
HH = High Level Switch
FMC Technologies and our network of preferred suppliers offer a To Flare, Storage Condensate
FE FE LL = Low Level Switch
or Pipeline
complete line of products designed to meet your process-control Levelflex FMP55 Liquiphant M FTL51 Other Process Liquids,
PT = Pressure Transmitter
FE Vapors and Gases
needs, ensuring technologies tailored to meet your specific TT = Temperature Transmitter
Flow Element FE
application needs. Well Pad IT = Interface Transmitter
Separator
FE
FE Note: Vessel instrumentation, tank vessels and separation equipment may include
LACT
instrumentation such as level, interface, pressure, temperature transmitters,
LEVEL MEASUREMENT SELECTION LIT LT HH and high and low level switches. See individual line cards for more information.
FE Oil Tank
When selecting a level device, there are many considerations. IT PT LL
Dry Gas Gas Sweetening
We offer many different technologies to measure level:
Glycol Multi-Stage Contactor
FE
» Multiparameter (capacitance and guided radar combined) LIT LL TT Dehydration Sweet Gas to
To Water FE
Water Tank Gas/Condensate Gas Gathering
Treatment FE
» Guided radar HH PT Hydrated
Well Test Low Reagents Fuel Gases
» Capacitive Manifold Gas
Temperature
FE Separator
Glycol FE
» Vibronic Test Separator To Condensate
Storage
» Ultrasonic Compressor FE
Condensate
Crude Oil Flash Tank Battery
» Hydrostatic FE
Wells FE Vapor Return to Process
FE FE
» Gamma Oil and Gas/Condensate Vapor In
Water (Stabilization)
» Conductive
Bulk Suction
Separator FWKO FE Scrubber
FE FE Low Pressure Heater
How do you know which technology is the best fit for your applica- Desalter Stabilizer Treater
tion? The experts at FMC Technologies can help guide you through. Natural FE
Dry Gas FE FE FE
Here are just a few things we take into consideration when helping FE Condensate
FE Water Return
you select the right device: Natural Gas Injection
Condensate FE To Tankage
First, you must decide if you need to measure continuous overall Test LT
Separator FE To Tankage
level, point level or interface level. Is it a separator or tank? Is the FE
Clean
Sweetening Fractionation NGL Recovery Nitrogen FE
Wet Gas/ Water Out
FE Process Process Process Rejection
NGLs Water
Storage
Ethane FE Natural Gas to Sales Pipeline
Condensate FE
Propane FE To Distribution
to Storage
Pipeline, Ship, Rail
Butanes FE Truck Loading
10 5-6
PRESSURE MEASUREMENT SELECTION
Deltabar S PMD75 iTemp® TMT162
When measuring pressure, we first need to determine whether
you need to measure gauge pressure, absolute pressure,
differential pressure or hydrostatic pressure. No single instrument
is suited for all applications areas – we find the right one for your
application. If you have corrosive or abrasive materials in your
process, this could be a good fit for our ceramic cell that we
offer for pressure transmitters. If you have high temperatures
or pressures in your process, we offer metal cells, with or without
diaphragm seals, which are ideal under these extreme conditions.
» pH
» ORP
» Conductivity
» Chlorine
» Dissolved oxygen
» Turbidity
11
Superior Testing, Proving and Calibration
12
We put you first.
And keep you ahead.
FMC Technologies
Measurement Solutions, Inc.
500 North Sam Houston Parkway West,
Suite 100
Houston, Texas 77067 USA
P:+1 281.260.2190
USA Operation
1602 Wagner Avenue
Erie, Pennsylvania 16510 USA
P: +1 814.898.5000
www.fmctechnologies.com/measurementsolutions
© 2015 FMC Technologies. All rights reserved. SB0A016 Issue/Rev. 0.3 (10/15)