In 2008, the United Nations celebrates the 60th anniversary of UN peacekeeping, a unique and

dynamic instrument developed by the Organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict
create the conditions for lasting peace. The first UN peacekeeping mission was established in
May 1948, when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers
to the Middle East to monitor the Armistice Agreement between Israel and its Arab
neighbours.

Since then, there have been a total of 63 UN peacekeeping operations around the world.

The term 'peacekeeping' is not found in the United Nations Charter and defies simple definition.
Dag Hammarskjöld, the second UN Secretary-General, referred to it as belonging to "Chapter
Six and a Half" of the Charter, placing it between traditional methods of resolving disputes
peacefully, such as negotiation and mediation under Chapter VI, and more forceful action as
authorized under Chapter VII.

Over the years, UN peacekeeping has evolved to meet the demands of different conflicts and a
changing political landscape. Born at the time when the Cold War rivalries frequently paralyzed
the UN Security Council, UN peacekeeping's goals were primarily limited to maintaining
ceasefires and stabilizing situations on the ground, so that efforts could be made at the political
level to resolve the conflict by peaceful means. Those missions consisted of military observers
and lightly armed troops with monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles in support
of ceasefires and limited peace agreements.

With the end of the Cold War, the strategic context for UN peacekeeping dramatically changed,
prompting the Organization to shift and expand its field operations from 'traditional' missions
involving strictly military tasks, to complex 'multidimensional' enterprises designed to ensure the
implementation of comprehensive peace agreements and assist in laying the foundations for
sustainable peace. Today's peacekeepers undertake a wide variety of complex tasks, from
helping to build sustainable institutions of governance, to human rights monitoring, to
security sector reform, to the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former
combatants.

The nature of conflicts has also changed over the years. Originally developed as a means of
dealing with inter-State conflict, UN peacekeeping has been increasingly applied to intra-State
conflicts and civil wars. Although the military remain the backbone of most peacekeeping
operations, the many faces of peacekeeping now include administrators and economists,
police officers and legal experts, deminers and electoral observers, human rights monitors
and specialists in civil affairs and governance, humanitarian workers and experts in
communications and public information.

UN peacekeeping continues to evolve, both conceptually and operationally, to meet new

challenges and political realities. Faced with the rising demand for increasingly complex peace
operations, the United Nations in the past few years has been overstretched and challenged as
never before. The Organization has worked vigorously to strengthen its capacity to manage and
sustain field operations and, thus, contribute to one of the most important functions of the United
Nations - maintaining international peace and security.
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Peacekeeping was invented by the United Nations soon after the organization was established.
Throughout the Cold War only two means of actions were accepted by the United Nations;
peacekeeping and peace-enforcement. Even though the world has changed immensely since then and
United Nations peacekeeping operations have faced increasing difficulties, no other accepted mode of
action has emerged. Peacekeeping operations were invented and developed by the Unite Nations in
response to the Cold War there was a need to address conflicts that arose after the Unite Nations
Charter entered into force, and for which the mechanisms provided for in Chapters VI and VII of the
Charter could not be used. Provisions of Chapter VI, concerning the pacific settlement of disputes, were
inadequate and members of the Security Council could not agree upon Chapter VII actions, concerning
enforcement measures, due to ideological differences that prevailed during the Cold War. As a result
peacekeeping emerged as a mode of international intervention not provided for in the Charter.

Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld established the first peacekeeping force in 1956, the United
Nations Emergency Force. In his report of this mission, he outlined the broad philosophy of
peacekeeping that peace operations came to be subjected to. The Secretary-General pronounced the
principles of traditional peacekeeping as (1) Consent, (2) Neutrality or Impartiality and (3) Minimum
Use of Force. Hammerskjöld saw peacekeeping as a role for the Unite Nations which was quasi-
military but avoided the use of force.
The United Nations have developed an assortment of instruments for controlling and resolving conflicts
between and within States. Most important of them are preventive diplomacy and peacemaking,
peacekeeping, peace-building, disarmament, sanctions and peace-enforcement. The first three can only
be deployed with the consent of the conflicting parties. Sanctions and enforcement on the other hand
are coercive measures which by definition do not require the consent of parties concerned. Member
States have encouraged the Secretary-General to play an active role in this field even if they are
reluctant when they themselves are party to the conflict. It is clear that the United Nations cannot
impose its preventive and peacemaking service on Member States that do not want them. Since the
end of the Cold War, the role of the UN has become increasingly important in the area of international
peace and security. However, the use of force by peacekeepers and in support of peacekeeping mission
has raised questions on the future role of UN peacekeeping. Despite increasing difficulties faced by UN
peacekeepers, a new mode of action beyond peacekeeping and peace-enforcement has not emerged.
This has proven problematic, as peacekeeping forces are at times not the answer to conflict, there have
been cases where there is no peace to be kept.

Peacekeeping Fact Sheet

Fact Sheet as of 31 May 2017

Note: Statistical information on uniformed personnel is as of 31 May 2017. Statistical

information on UN Volunteers is as of May 2017. Statistical information on civilian staff is as of
31 December 2016, unless otherwise specified.

 Peacekeeping operations since 1948: 71

 Current peacekeeping operations: 16

Personnel (Uniformed and civilian)

 Uniformed personnel: 95,301 (as of 31 May 2017)

o Troops: 79,471
o Police:12,254
 o Military observers: 1,569
o Staff officers: 1,987
 Civilian personnel: 15,319 (as of 31 December 2016)
o International: 5,043
o Local: 10,276
 UN Volunteers: 1,587 (as of May 2017)
 Total number of personnel serving in 16 peacekeeping operations: 122000 15 operations
currently active
 7.5 bn USD budget 0.5 percent of global defence spendings
 Countries contributing uniformed personnel: 128

 Total fatalities in current operations: 1,810

 Total fatalities in all peace operations since 1948: 3,592

Financial aspects

 Approved resources for the period from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017: about $7.87 billion *

RAWALPINDI: While the world celebrates Oct 24 as the United Nations Day, it must not forget
the role and sacrifices of Pakistan Army in UN peacekeeping missions all over the world.

Pakistan’s commitment with the UN for promoting international peace and prosperity stems from
the vision of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Pakistan’s role in peacekeeping efforts
began in 1960 when it deployed its first contingent in the UN operations in Congo. Over the past
55 years, the country has been the most significant and consistent contributor to the UN
peacekeeping around the world.

Know more: UN lauds Pakistani peacekeepers contribution to world peace

Pakistani peacekeepers have left no stone unturned in the noble cause of helping humanity,
building peace and bringing stability across the regions under the banner of United Nations, said
an Inter Services Public Relations statement on Friday.

Pakistan has contributed more than 180,000 troops to-date in

41 missions spread over

23 countries in almost all continents, it said.

The country has remained one of the largest troop contributing countries consistently for many
years.

At present, Pakistan is contributing more than 7,500 personnel of all ranks deployed in six
6 UN missions.
In pursuance of its commitment to the noble cause of international peace and tranquillity 144
Pakistani troops,

among them 23 officers

The performance of Pakistani peacekeepers has been acknowledged by numerous world leaders
and the UN leadership.

The undisputed high professional standing enjoyed by Pakistani peacekeepers has given them the
honour of being one of the most desired bodies of troops in each UN peacekeeping mission, the
ISPR statement said.
Current operations

United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)

In Western Sahara since April 1991

Strength: 471 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 229

o Troops: 20
o Military observers: 202
o Staff officers: 7
 Civilian personnel: 229
o International civilians: 70
o Local civilians: 159
 UN Volunteers: 13

Fatalities: 16

Approved budget (07/2016– 06/2017): $56,582,500

(A/C.5/70/24 )

United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African

Republic (MINUSCA)

In the Central African Republic since April 2014

Strength: 13,389 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 12,159

o Troops: 9,885
o Military observers: 165
o Staff officers: 303
o Police: 1,806
  Civilian personnel: 1,010
o International civilians: 600
o Local civilians: 410
 UN Volunteers: 220

Fatalities: 44

Approved budget (07/2016– 06/2017): $920,727,900

[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA)

In Mali since April 2013

Strength: 14,043 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 12,553

o Troops: 10,591
o Military observers: 38
o Staff officers: 337
o Police: 1,587
 Civilian personnel: 1,329
o International civilians: 633
o Local civilians: 696
 UN Volunteers: 161

Fatalities: 123

Approved budget: (07/2016– 06/2017): $933,411,000 [A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)

In Haiti since June 2004

Strength: 5,063 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 3,887

o Troops: 1,505
o Staff officers: 53
o Police: 2,329
 Civilian personnel: 1,087
o International civilians: 282
 o Local civilians: 805
 UN Volunteers: 89

Fatalities: 186

Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $345,926,700

[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(MONUSCO)

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo since July 2010

Strength: 22,199 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 18,494

o Troops: 16,436
o Military observers: 481
o Staff officers: 212
o Police: 2,329
 Civilian personnel: 3,316
o International civilians: 791
o Local civilians: 2,525
 UN Volunteers: 389

Fatalities: 111

Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $1,235,723,100 [A/C.5/70/24 ]

African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID)

In Darfur since July 2007

Strength: 19,797 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 18,494

o Troops: 13,179
o Military observers: 160
o Staff officers: 293
o Police: 3,148
 Civilian personnel: 2,897
o International civilians: 749
 o Local civilians: 2,148
 UN Volunteers: 120

Fatalities: 250

Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $1,039,573,200 [A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)

In Syria since June 1974

Strength: 959 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 828

o Troops: 778
o Staff officers: 50
 Civilian personnel: 131
o International civilians: 45
o Local civilians: 86

Fatalities: 46

Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $47,714,100

[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)

In Cyprus since March 1964

Strength: 1,109 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 956

o Troops: 835
o Staff officers: 52
o Police: 69
 Civilian personnel: 153
o International civilians: 34
o Local civilians: 119

Fatalities: 183
Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $55,560,100
[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)

In Lebanon since March 1978

Strength: 11,390 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 10,378

o Troops: 10,378
 Civilian personnel:809
o International civilians: 229
o Local civilians: 580

Fatalities: 312

Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $488,691,600

[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA)

In Abyei, Sudan since June 2011

Strength: 4,770 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 4,538

o Troops: 4,292
o Military observers: 119
o Staff officers: 104
o Police: 23
 Civilian personnel: 203
o International civilians: 125
o Local civilians: 78
 UN Volunteers: 29

Fatalities: 22

Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $268,624,600

[A/C.5/70/24 ]
United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS)

In South Sudan since July 2011

Strength: 15,873 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 13,347

o Troops: 11,188
o Military observers: 189
o Staff officers: 358
o Police: 1,612
 Civilian personnel: 2,129
o International civilians: 815
o Local civilians:1,314
 UN Volunteers: 397

Fatalities: 50

Approved budget(07/2016 – 06/2017): $1,081,788,400

[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI)

In Côte d'Ivoire since April 2004

Strength: 692 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 0
 Civilian personnel: 679
o International civilians: 219
o Local civilians: 460
 UN Volunteers: 13

Fatalities: 150

Approved budget (07/2016 - 06/2017): $153,046,000

[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK)

In Kosovo since June 1999
Strength: 345 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 16
o Military observers: 8
o Police: 8
 Civilian personnel: 308
o International civilians: 93
o Local civilians: 215
 UN Volunteers: 21

Fatalities: 55

Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $36,486,900

[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)

In Liberia since September 2003

Strength: 1,633 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 740

o Troops: 404
o Military observers: 14
o Staff officers: 15
o Police: 307
 Civilian personnel: 758
o International civilians: 259
o Local civilians: 499
 UN Volunteers: 135

Fatalities:200

Approved budget (07/2016 – 06/2017): $187,192,400

[A/C.5/70/24 ]

United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)

In India and Pakistan since January 1949

Strength: 112 total, including:
  Uniformed personnel:41
o Military observers: 41
 Civilian personnel: 71
o International civilians: 23
o Local civilians: 48

Fatalities: 11

Appropriation (biennium 2016-2017): $21,134,800

United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)

In Middle East since May 1948

Strength: 361 total, including:

 Uniformed personnel: 152

o Military observers: 152
 Civilian personnel: 210
o International civilians: 76
o Local civilians: 134

Fatalities: 51

Appropriation (biennium 2016 - 2017): $68,949,400

* This amount finances 14 of the 16 United Nations peacekeeping missions, supports logistics for the
African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) through the United Nations Support Office in Somalia
(UNSOS), and provides support, technology and logistics to all peace operations through global service
centres in Brindisi (Italy) and Valencia (Spain) and a regional service centre in Entebbe (Uganda).