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Rekayasa Fondasi Dalam: Tiang Pancang Dan Tiang Bor
Rekayasa Fondasi Dalam: Tiang Pancang Dan Tiang Bor
Rekayasa Fondasi Dalam: Tiang Pancang Dan Tiang Bor
Helmy Darjanto
Member of ISGE, G2 Certification
Referensi: Masyhur Irsyam, Braja M Das, Cheng Liu, Proyek
P7
1
Ciujung
Timbunan Pasir
Pengganti Tanah
Tanah Asli
2
Alternatif Sistem Jembatan
Ohnaruto Bridge
Sumatera Jawa
3
Pengujian Kuat Geser Tanah dng Direct Shear Test
Kuat Geser Tanah
x
x
x
x
c
s = c + ’ tan
4
Triaxial Testing
5
T
Z
T-Z Curve
Y
P-Y Curve
6% Diameter Pile
Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
displacement
6
AXIAL LOAD TEST FOR PILE #22
AXIAL LOAD TEST PILE #14 L=45m, f=60 cm
Friction
(Elastic Zone)
Load ( Tons)
Settlement (mm)
Settlement (mm)
=s =s
Rumus umum daya dukung aksial fondasi dalam:
s = f s = c +
tan
Qult = Qs + Qp
7
Daya Dukung Aksial SPT (Standard Penetration Test)
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qs =2r l ( C)
+ 2r l (k v tan)
l Qu
Qall =
k sv F .S .
sv
Qp =Ap(c Nc +q Nq)
N-SPT = Jumlah pukulan untuk memasukkan split spoon sedalam 30 cm
C (t/m2) = 2/3 N
Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
Relationship between Cohesion and N-Value (Cohesive soil) Relationship between Angle of Internal Friction and N-Value
(Sandy Soil)
2/3 N
8
Faktor Koreksi N – SPT Lapangan seusai dengan
Metoda Pelaksanaan Test: CPT (Cone Penetration Test) atau Sondir
Tanah Pasir
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
9
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang : Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang :
Pemodelan
Beban Geoteknik :
Friksi
End Bearing
10
Apa arti untuk tiang pancang? Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang Pada Tanah Lempung :
peak = C = c
residual
residual peak =
11
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang Pada Tanah Pasir :
Berdasarkan API RP2A (1987)
f = K’. tan
K= coefficient of lateral earth
= 0.8 (open ended piles)
= 1.0 ( full displacement piles)
’= tegangan overburden efektif pada kedalaman yang ditinjau
= sudut friksi antara tanah dengan tiang
Limiting f,
Soil , degrees 2
kips/ft (kPa)
Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk
“Tiang Pancang” : “Tiang Pancang” :
12
Faktor Adhesi () pada Tanah Kohesif untuk Perbandingan Harga Faktor Adhesi () dari Beberapa
“Tiang Bor” : Metode pada Tanah Kohesif untuk “Tiang Bor” :
P er b a n d in g a n u n tu k F ly o v e r C ire b o n
1. Reese and Wright, 1977 : 1 .2 0
Manurut Reese dan Wright koefisien untuk bored pile adalah 0.55
2. Kulhawy, 1984 1 .0 0
Kulhaw y
(kN/m 2 )
ad hesion facto r
Tom linson, 1957 (concrete piles) Shafts in uplift
0 .8 0 D esign =( K ulhaw y + R eese)/2
Data group 1
Data group 2
Data group 3
Data group 1
Data group 2 Re ese
Data group 3 C ore Te a m
65 U 8 41 C load tests
0 .4 0
0 .0 0
13
Tahanan Geser Selimut Tiang Bor pada
Tanah Berpasir Rojiani, Duncan and Barker (1991) TAHANAN UJUNG
(=27.5 t/m2) Tanah C dan f untuk dasar teori
Tanah Lempung
= 0.11 N (t/m2)
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
0.20 N
= 0.28 N (t/m2)
Tanah Pasir
=0.32 N (t/m2) N < 53
Tiang Pancang
Tiang Bor
- dan Cu 800
- dan Cu 600
400
persamaan : 100
Dimana, 40
and
C = Undrained kohesi 8
6
1
0 10 20 30 40 45
Soil friction angle, Ø (deg)
Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
14
Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung:
Beberapa Motode Penentuan Faktor Daya Dukung:
- dan Cu
- dan Cu 1 0 00
800
2.Vesic, 1977
600
400
Nc = (Nq – 1) cot f
200
40
Irr = Ir Nilai Ir ditunjukkan pada tabel dibawah:
a nd
20
Soil type Ir 10
8
Sand 70 – 150 6
50 – 100
4
Silts and clays (drained condition)
Clays (undrained condition) 100 – 200 2
1
0 10 20 30 40 45
S o i l fr i cti o n a n g l e , Ø ( deg )
Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
15
Nilai N – SPT Untuk Design Tahanan Ujung Pada Tanah Pasiran : Kuat Dukung Ujung untuk Tanah PasiranTiang Bor
Ground Surface
Tiang Pancang
Nilai N – SPT Desain
adalah:
(4 x D)
dirata-rata untuk
desain tahanan ujung = N2
D
Kuat Dukung Ujung Tiang Bor Tanah Pasiran : KUAT DUKUNG AKSIAL
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qs =2r l ( C)
+ 2r l (k v tan)
l Qu
Qall =
k sv F .S .
sv
Qb =v.Nq.Ab
Kulhawy, 1983
Qp =Ap(c Nc +q Nq)
Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
16
Summary
Clay Sand
Ground Sur fa ce
C C
0.2 N 0.2 N
SF Criterion Based on
Canadian Foundation
Engineering Manual (1992)
17
Lensa Pada Group Tiang: Ketebalan Lapisan Tanah Yang Harus Diperhitungkan Dalam
Perhitungan Kuat Dukung :
Daerah Pengaruh Pondasi dan Minimal Kedalaman
Penyelidikan Tanah Yang Diperlukan untuk Disain
a=4B
Minimal kedalaman
penyelidikan tanah adalah
sampai 4 diameter tiang
b=6-8 B
(atau 5 m) dibawah dasar
pondasi
3-4B
Cross section of Soil Investigation Bored Pile Diameter 1,5m, panjang 45m East Side
(STA 1+050)
R1 R2 Proposed Additional Soil
R3 R4 R4 R3 R5 R5 R2 R1
Investigation
36.95 38.20 31.00 43.20 31.00 38.20 38.20 38.20 36.95
R1 R2 R5 R5
R5 R5 R2 R1
36.95
Proposed Additional Soil
32.20 28.20 38.20 38.20 38.20 36.97
45m
Investigation
BH-201 BT-02
BH-201 BT-2
18
Soft
Axial Capacity of Single Bored Pile
Dense Based on Data at Sta 1+050
Dense
Unit Skin Skin Friction (ton) End Bearing (ton)
Tebal Kumulatif Qall (ton)
Hard No. Depth Deskripsi N-SPT c (t/m2) Frinction Qult (Ton)
Lapisan (m) Friction (ton) SF = 2.5
(t/m2) Positive Qb
Cu As or 0.2N As (Ton)
1 0.0 - 2.0 2.0 Pile Cap
Very stiff 2 2.0 - 6.0 4.0 Clayey Silts 3 2.0 0.80 1.6 30.8 31 77.3 108.1 43
3 6.0 - 9.0 3.0 Clayey Sand 10 25 4.0 14.1 45 218.8 263.7 105
4 9.0 - 11.5 2.5 Clayey Sand 37 30 14.8 43.6 88 618.5 707.0 283
5 11.5 - 12.5 1.0 Sandstone 80 40 20.0 23.6 112 356.9 468.9 188
6 12.5 - 15.0 2.5 Clayey Silts 33 22.4 0.46 10.3 121.6 234 237.9 471.6 189
Very stiff 7 15.0 - 19.0 4.0 Clayey Silts 22 15.0 0.49 7.3 137.5 371 162.2 533.4 213
8 19.0 - 22.0 3.0 Silty Clay 15 10.2 0.53 5.4 75.9 447 299.2 746.2 298
9 22.0 - 30.0 8.0 Silty Clay 21 14.3 0.49 7.0 264.6 712 302.8 1014.4 406
10 30.0 - 32.0 2.0 Silty Clay 39 26.5 0.45 12.0 112.9 824 245.1 1069.6 428
11 32.0 - 33.0 1.0 Silty Clay 23 15.6 0.48 7.6 35.7 860 248.7 1108.9 444
12 33.0 - 34.0 1.0 Silty Clay 22 15.0 0.49 7.3 34.4 895 270.4 1164.9 466
Hard
13 34.0 - 35.0 1.0 Silty Clay 23 15.6 0.48 7.6 35.7 930 288.4 1218.6 487
14 35.0 - 36.0 1.0 Silty Clay 24 16.3 0.48 7.8 37.0 967 299.2 1266.4 507
15 36.0 - 37.0 1.0 Silty Clay 28 19.0 0.47 8.9 42.2 1009 274.0 1283.3 513
16 37.0 - 38.0 1.0 Silty Clay 28 19.0 0.47 8.9 42.2 1051 259.6 1311.0 524
17 38.0 - 39.0 1.0 Silty Clay 27 18.4 0.47 8.7 40.9 1092 227.1 1319.4 528
Very stiff 18 39.0 - 40.0 1.0 Silty Clay 21 14.3 0.49 7.0 33.1 1125 237.9 1363.3 545
19 40.0 - 41.0 1.0 Silty Clay 21 14.3 0.49 7.0 33.1 1158 248.7 1407.2 563
20 41.0 - 42.0 1.0 Silty Clay 23 15.6 0.48 7.6 35.7 1194 302.8 1497.0 599
21 42.0 45.0 3.0 Silty Clay 28 19.0 0.47 8.9 126.5 1321 254.2 1574.8 630
22 45.0 - 47.0 2.0 Silty Clay 28 19.0 0.47 8.9 84.3 1405 205.5 1610.4 644
23 47.0 - 50.0 3.0 Silty Clay 19 12.9 0.50 6.5 91.4 1496 227.1 1723.5 689
24 50.0 - 55.5 5.5 Silty Clay 21 14.3 0.49 7.0 181.9 1678 1618.5 3296.8 1319
25 55.5 - 60.5 5.0 Silty sand 60 40 20.0 116.6 1795 1618.5 3413.4 1365
Hard 4 9.0 - 11.6 2.6 Clayey Silts 12 7.8 0.49 47.0 167 737.8 905.0 302 362
5 11.6 - 12.9 1.3 Tuffaceous Sand 90 35 30.6 198 450.8 648.7 216 259
6 12.9 - 17.0 4.1 Silty Sand 22 30 42.5 240 320.5 560.8 187 224
7 17.0 - 24.0 7.0 Silty Clay 31 20.2 0.43 284.2 525 620.3 1144.8 382 458
8 24.0 - 30.2 6.2 Tuffaceous Silt 60 39.0 0.41 460.9 985 408.3 1393.8 465 558
Very Hard
9 30.2 - 31.0 0.9 Tuffaceous Silt 45 29.3 0.41 48.6 1034 389.4 1423.4 474 569
10 31.0 - 32.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 34 22.1 0.42 44.1 1078 351.5 1429.7 477 572
11 32.0 - 33.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 34 22.1 0.42 44.1 1122 351.5 1473.8 491 590
12 33.0 - 34.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 33 21.5 0.43 43.0 1165 341.1 1506.4 502 603
13 34.0 - 35.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 33 21.5 0.43 43.0 1208 341.1 1549.4 516 620
Hard 14 35.0 - 36.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 34 22.1 0.42 44.1 1252 351.5 1603.9 535 642
15 36.0 - 37.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 36 23.4 0.42 46.5 1299 372.2 1671.1 557 668
16 37.0 - 38.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 38 24.7 0.42 48.9 1348 392.8 1740.7 580 696
17 38.0 - 39.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 27 17.6 0.43 35.9 1384 279.1 1662.8 554 665
18 39.0 - 40.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 29 18.9 0.43 38.2 1422 299.8 1721.7 574 689
Very stiff 19 40.0 - 41.0 1.0 Tuffaceous Silt 29 18.9 0.43 38.2 1460 299.8 1759.9 587 704
20 41.0 - 42.6 1.6 Tuffaceous Silt 30 19.5 0.43 63.1 1523 237.8 1761.0 587 704
21 42.6 45.0
- 46.0 2.4
3.4 Tuffaceous Silt 23 15.0 0.44 105.8 1629 237.8 1866.8 622 747
22 46.0 - 46.0 1.0
0.0 Tuffaceous Silt 23 15.0 0.44 0.0 1629 620.3 2249.3 750 900
19
Based on Bored P-0
Bored Pile Kiara Condong
1.20
Meyerhof
Tebal
Skin Friction End Bearing
No. Depth Lapisan Deskripsi N-SPT c (t/m2) Ks Kumulatif Qall (ton)
Qult (Ton)
(m) Cu As or Friction (ton) SF = 2.5
Tambak Lorok 2
3
1.0
2.0
-
-
2.0
3.0
1.0
1.0
Silty Gravel
Silty sandy clay
0
5
0.0
3.0
1.00
0.80
0.0
9.0
0
9
0
31
0
40
0
16
4 3.0 - 4.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 5 3.0 0.80 9.0 18 31 49 19
5 4.0 - 5.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 7 4.2 0.62 9.8 28 43 71 28
6 5.0 - 6.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 11 6.6 0.26 6.5 34 67 102 41
7 6.0 - 7.0 1.0 Silty sandy clay 11 6.6 0.26 6.5 41 67 108 43
8 7.0 - 8.0 1.0 Medium - Stiff clay 6 3.6 0.71 9.6 50 37 87 35
9 8.0 - 9.0 1.0 Medium - Stiff clay 20 12.0 0.40 18.1 69 122 191 76
10 9.0 - 10.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 20 12.0 0.40 18.1 87 122 209 84
11 10.0 - 11.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 31 18.6 0.40 28.0 115 189 304 122
14 11.0 - 12.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 60 36.0 0.40 54.3 169 366 535 214
15 12.0 - 13.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 60 36.0 0.40 54.3 223 366 590 236
16 13.0 - 14.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 37 22.2 0.40 33.5 257 226 483 193
17 14.0 - 15.0 1.0 Tuffaceous 48 28.8 0.40 43.4 300 293 593 237
314 430
32 29.0 - 30.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silt very stiff 47 28.2 0.40 42.5 1010 287 1297 519
33 30.0 - 31.0 1.0 Gravel with sand noncemented 60 12 45.2 1056 452 1508 603
34 31.0 - 32.0 1.0 Gravel with sand noncemented 60 12 45.2 1101 452 1553 621
35 32.0 - 33.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff 30 18.0 0.40 27.1 1128 183 1311 525
36 33.0 - 34.0 1.0 Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff 35 21.0 0.40 31.7 1160 214 1373 549
rope and pulley (bukan free falling) 37
38
34.0
35.0
-
-
35.0
36.0
1.0
1.0
Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff
Tuffaceous silty sand very stiff
35
42
21.0
25.2
0.40
0.40
31.7
38.0
1191
1229
214
257
1405
1486
562
594
Maximum end bearing 400 ton/m2
Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
20
Pelaksanaan
Bored Pile
SAMBUNGAN
21
Hammer
KALENDERING - DINAMIK
Tiang
Ram
Capblock
Helmet
Cushion
22
Kalendering Waktu Pemancangan
Spesifikasi
end bearing = 1 in/ 10 blows
23
Persyaratan/ Spesifikasi Yang Umum Dipakai
WR ×
h
Qu =
S +C
E.W R .h W R n W p
2
atau Qu =
S C W R W P
E .H E
Qu = dimana:
S +C
dimana: E : Efisiensi hammer
Qu : Kapasitas daya dukung ultimate C : 0.254 cm untuk unit S dan h dalam centimeter
WR : Berat ram (kN) Wp : Berat tiang
h : Tinggi jatuh ram (cm) n : koefisien restitusi antara ram dan pile cap
S : Penetrasi tiang untuk setiap pukulan (m/blow) Angka keamanan yang direkomendasikan adalah 6.
C : konstanta, untuk drop hammer = 2.54 cm, untuk steam hammer = 0.254 cm
Angka keamanan yang direkomendasikan adalah 6.
24
Harga Efisiensi Hammer dan Koef. Restitusi Michigan State Highway Commission
Dm
time interval DT m
= current element displacement
2. Ap .E p g
J
= gravitation constant
= damping constant, use Js for side
Km
value, Jp = point value
= element springs = AE/L for pile
segments
dimana:
K?m = soil springs = R/quake
L = length of pile element
Rm = side or point resistance including
damping effects
Ep : Modulus Young dari material tiang R?m = amount of estimated Pu on each
element including the point j for 100
25
Contoh Perhitungan Contoh Perhitungan
1. Menggunakan Modified ENR Formula
E.WR WR n W p
2
Diameter PC Spun Pile : 400 mm
Berat Tiang Per m : 200 kg Qu =
Berat hammer pemancang : 3,45 (K – 35) S C WR W p
Tinggi Jatuh : 1,60 m
Daya Dukung Ultimate yang diinginkan : 210 ton. 0,8 x3,42 3,42 0.523,6
Daya Dukung Ijin yang diinginkan : 50 ton. 300 =
S 0.254 3,42 3,6
Perhitungan Final set : 11,82
300 =
( s 0.254) x(7,02)
SF = 6 ultimated bearing Capacity = 300 ton.
11,82
300 =
7,02 S 1.783
2106 s 534,9 = 11,82
2106 s = (523,08)
s = 0,248 cm
Final Set adalah 0,248 cm/blow 2,48 cm/10 blows.
26
Negative Skin Friction :
Terjadi kondisi dimana Pondasi direncanakan akan dipancang sampai lapisan
tanah keras sementara tanah di atasnya adalah lapisan kompresibel, yang di
atasnya terdapat timbunan. Tanah kompresibel ini akan mengalami
konsolidasi akibat adanya pertambahan beban timbunan. Selama proses
konsolidasi ini tanah akan bergerak relatif terhadap tiang. Sehingga,
menghasilkan tahanan geser ke bawah di sekeliling tiang
Fill material
= pilediameter Cu 0,5Ks v tan z
tanah lempung tanah pasir
Soft soil,
Consolidating soil dimana,
a = faktor adhesi
Cu = undrained shear strength dari nilai N – SPT
Ks = Koeffisien lateral earth pressure.
d = interface sudut geser dalam antar tiang dan tanah.
Bearing soil sv = effective overbourden pressure.
27
Metoda Perhitungan Negative Skin Friction : Metoda Perhitungan Negative Skin Friction :
Negative Skin Friction pada Kondisi Drained :
Non – dimensional factor (No):
Soil Type No
z = Lf Le
R z
a. Uncoated Pile
(Qf ) negatif = - Sand 0.35 – 0.50
- Silt 0.25 – 0.35
z =0
- Clay 0.20 – 0.25
z = Lf Le b. Coated Pile with Bitumen SL pile : = 0.2 ton/m2
=
z =0
0 N0 R z
Alternative Pelapisan Bitument :
dimana, - Untuk mengurangi pengaruh terjadinya konsolidasi tanah lunak akibat timbunan
so’ = Effective vertical stress at depth z di atasnya bisa diupayakan dengan melakukan pelapisan bitument asphalt pada
f = pile diameter tiang pancang sebelum dilakukan pemancangan.
Le = panjang effective dari lapisan yang terkonsolidasi yang menimbulkan - Pelapisan bitument dilakukan sepanjang lapisan lunak yang mengalami konsoli-
negative skin friction. Lc = 0.75 Le
No = Non dimensional factor. dasi.
- Dengan pelapisan bitument tersebut, negative skin friction yang terjadi bisa di-
minimasi.
Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
Prakash dan Sharma, 1990 Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
Prakash dan Sharma, 1990
ultimate NSF
ijin =
SF
atau
ultimate
ijin = NSF
SF
28
Pile Group Efficiency
Salah satu perilaku tiang group adalah ada group efficiency yang
Berhubunan dengan parak tiang tunggal dalam group tiang:
CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT
29
Pemodelan Konsolidasi Primer
Settlement Analysis
kecepatan air
ditentukan permeabilitas
S
U0 + pegas U0
(tanah)
air
0
Seluruh Seluruh
dipikul air dipikul Tanah
Hc p Δpav
Cc log o
1 eo po
Dimana,
p0 = tekanan efektif akibat berat sendiri
p av = tambahan tekanan efektif akibat
beban diatas lapisan kompresible
e0 = initial void ratio
Cc = compression index
Hc = tebal lapisan lempung
30
Calculation of Settlement (STA 0+490)
CONTOH-2 PEMILIHAN
Tebal ' s
No. Depth 3 2 2 2 2
Lapisan (m) (t/m ) (t/m ) (t/m ) (t/m ) (t/m ) (m)
1 0.0 - 3.0 3.0
JENIS FONDASI
2 3.0 - 6.0 3.0
3 6.0 - 9.0 3.0
4 9.0 - 11.6 2.6
5 11.6 - 12.9 1.3
6 12.9 - 17.0 4.1
7 17.0 - 24.0 7.0
8 24.0 - 26.5 2.5
9 26.5 30.0 3.5
10 30.0 - 33.0 3.0 0.7 31.5x0.7=22.05
2.1 1.1 4.04 26.09
5.1 0.05 0.6 0.007
0.06
11 33.0 - 36.0 3.0 0.7 34.5x0.7=24.15
4.2 3.2 3.03 27.18
6.2 0.05 0.6 0.005
0.03
12 36.0 - 39.0 3.0 0.7 37.5x0.7=26.25
6.3 5.3 2.36 28.61
7.6 0.05 0.6 0.004
0.02
13 39.0 - 42.0 3.0 0.7 40.5x0.7=28.35
8.4 7.4 1.89 30.24
9.2 0.05 0.6 0.01
0.003
14 42.0 - 44.0 2.0 0.7 43.0x0.7=30.10
9.8 9.1 1.65 31.75
10.8 0.07 0.55 0.01
0.002
15 44.0 - 46.0 2.0 0.7 45.0x0.7=31.50
11.2 10.5 1.46 32.96
12.0 0.07 0.55 0.01
0.002
Settlement (m) 0.0230.13
AB Value Correction 0.7
Settlement (m) 0.09
S-6
S-5
S-4
S-2
S-3
S-1
31
Rekomendasi Tiang Dermaga
32
Gambaran Umum Lokasi Proyek
RAILWAY EFFICIENCY PROJECT
Foundation Design • Jembatan baru yang akan dibangun terletak disamping
jembatan yang telah ada, dimana jarak antar alignment yang
terdekat adalah 5.6 m (BH-365) sedangkan yang terjauh
adalah 8.5 m (BH-363 dan BH-369)
7.00 m
5.00 m
5.00 m
6.30 m 5.00 m
33
Hasil-hasil Penyelidikan Tanah (BH-355)
z
m
= 3.00 – 3.60
z
m
= 3.50 – 4.00
Tipikal Bentuk Fondasi
qu = 1.1 kg/cm2
qu = 1.71 kg/cm2 c = 0.482
TO BANDUNG
c = 0.082 kg/cm2 BH-355
TO JAKARTA
kg/cm2 = 23 0 B.01
BH-355
B.05
=
qc =
80
5 kg/cm2
qc = 25 kg/cm2
BH-355
• Bored Pile Diameter 1.50 m (Ciganea-Sukatani)
BH-355
G.W.L
B.04 B.02
BH-355 G.W.L
B.03
KETERANGAN : 1 5
0 3 10 M
: Collovial deposit
: Siltstone / claystone
gravels & boulders andesite
mixed with fines material
Assoc. Prof. Helmy
PT. Nusantara Darjanto
Traisser Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
Tampak Atas
34
West Side
V = 23319.8 kN
Mtrans = 9616.28 KN-m
Mlong = 5455 KN-m
Mearthq = 19912.26 KN-m PILE GROUPS – PILES SPACING
D = 1.5 m
East Side
V = 21720.8 kN
Mtrans = 9278.15 KN-m
S = 4.5 m
Mlong = 5510 KN-m
Mearthq = 18395.5 KN-m
S = 4.5 m
Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto Assoc. Prof. Helmy Darjanto
Effiency Group :
As related in the last section, the capacity of a pile group may be less than the sum
of the individual capacities of the piles making up the group. Inasmuch as it would
be convenient to estimate the capacity of a group of piles based on the capacity of
a single pile, attempts have been made to determine the efficiency of pile groups
35
Effiency Group : Effiency Group :
(Efficiency of a pile group is the capacity of a pile group divided by the sum of the
individual capacities of the piles making up the group.)
In the case where a pile group is comprised of end-bearing piles resting on bedrock (or on
a layer of dense sand and gravel overlying bedrock), an efficiency of 1.0 may be assumed
(Jumikis, 1971). (In other words, the group of n piles will carry n times the capacity of a
single pile.) An efficiency of 1.0 is also often assumed by designers for friction piles driven
in cohesionless soil. For a pile group composed of friction piles driven in cohesive soil,
an efficiency of less than 1.0 is to be expected because stresses from individual
piles build up and reduce the capacity of the pile group.
One equation that has been used to compute pile-group efficiency is known as the
Converse–Labarre equation (Jumikis, 1971):
where
Eg = pile-group efficiency
θ = arctan d/s, deg
n = number of piles in a row
m = number of rows of piles
d = diameter of piles
S = spacing of piles, center to center, in same units as pile diameter
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Effiency Group : Distribution of Loads in Pile Groups
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Distribution of Loads in Pile Groups Distribution of Loads in Pile Groups
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