Delayed Coking

Center Feed
Injection Device

Replicate Traditional Bottom

Feed Flow Patterns

Customized
Injection Nozzles

Actuation, Control and

Interlock Options
DeltaValve
The Value of a Trusted Partner
DeltaValve’s years of experience in designing and building engineered severe-service
industrial valves and equipment for delayed cokers has made us a world-recognized
industry leader. In 2001, we introduced the DeltaGuard®, the world’s first fully automated,
fully enclosed coke drum unheading valve at the Chevron refinery in Salt Lake City, Utah.
This valve revolutionized coke drum unheading by replacing traditionally unsafe and
unreliable, manual or semi-manual unheading systems, with a fully automated system.
The result was a safer work environment, reduced downtime, and increased productivity.

Today we offer a full range of products for the delayed coking industry including top and
bottom coke drum unheading valves, isolation valves, hydraulic and electric actuation,
controls and interlocks, auto-switch coke cutting/boring tools, drill stem guide/blow-out
containment devices, side-feed transition spools as well as center-feed injection devices.
We listen to our customers and strive to provide innovative products that are designed
and engineered to meet the critical service requirements of delayed coking.

DeltaValve is a trusted partner; delivering safe, reliable products while providing

the best value for our customers. From the moment a customer contacts us, through
delivery, installation, and beyond, we are there to provide unparalleled products,
service, and support. We continually strive to make our products and services the
industry-standard.

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DeltaValve
Center Feed Injection Device
The introduction of DeltaValve’s fully automated coke drum unheading device in 2001
necessitated the development of side-feed entry into the coke drum. No longer was it
possible to feed resid into the coke drum via the bottom flange as was the standard with
traditional manual or semi-automated unheading systems.

Over the years, various styles of side-feed entry technology emerged: single inlet, dual inlet,
etc., some with straight feed-lines, others with angled or curved feed-lines, each netting
different resid flow pattern results. Questions in the industry began to arise about how the
new side-feed methods compared to the traditional center-feed resid flow patterns in the
coke drum. Additional questions were raised regarding the impact on the coke drum wall
opposite the side-feed entry. Always the innovator, DeltaValve took a hard look at these
questions and set out to develop a side-feed device which would provide traditional center-
feed resid flow patterns.

Independent studies have shown that feeding resid into the drum directly up the center
may contribute to a reduction in overall drum stresses, formation of local hot-spots, and
top head blow-outs. These theories are based on center-feed analysis data which indicates
that center feeding develops more centralized flow channels which improves quench water
distribution. Improved flow channeling can produce shorter quench cycles while minimizing
the thermal stresses experienced by the drum walls. In addition to the safety benefits,
the center-feed injection device is engineered to maximize coke drum life and minimize
downtime and maintenance.

In 2009, DeltaValve began work on a new, extendable/retractable center-feed device which

accessed the coke drum through the side. The patents pending design combined the
necessity of side-feed entry with the desired results of traditional center-feed systems. In
2011, DeltaValve installed the world’s first extendable/retractable center-feed system, the
center-feed injection device.

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 Center Feed Injection Device
Key Features

Center Feed Nozzle Assembly

Injection Nozzles
• Replaceable/Reconfigurable
depending on flow pattern
• Nozzles are designed to direct
flow upward into the center of
the drum throughout the entire
coking cycle
• Designed to extend into the center
of the coke drum to allow center- Spool Flange
feed resid flow • For quick installation of the
• Fully retractable center-feed device
• Ultra tight seal against the process
Inspection Port
• For quick clean out and
access to inspect center-feed
device internals

Actuator Assembly
• Available in electric, electro-
hydraulic or hydraulic
(See page 9 for more information)

DeltaGuard Bottom
Unheading Valve

Inlet Feed Line

• From 6” to 16”
• Left or right access

Clean Out/Inspection Ports Lockout Tower

• Allows for easy access to
center-feed device internals
Actuator Rod Stuffing Box
• Seals the actuator rod where
it enters the nozzle housing
• Removable lockout pin for positive
lockout with sensors for interlocks
• Visual indicator

3
 Center Feed Injection Device
Engineering and Design
At the heart of the DeltaValve center-feed injection device (CFD) design is the nozzle
configuration through which feed enters the coke drum. Significant effort was made
to engineer a nozzle configuration which would match or improve flow patterns and
efficiencies of a bottom-feed configuration. A test site was selected where the temperature,
pressure, flow parameters, viscosity, specific gravity and other physical properties of the
feed stock were identified. This information was used to construct a kinetic model of the
feed stock to determine its fluid properties (vapor phase) at the point of entry into the drum.

The calculated fluid properties were introduced as a boundary condition into a

computational fluid dynamics model for the purpose of designing and analyzing various
geometric configurations of the flow nozzles. The object of the analysis work was to arrive
at a nozzle configuration which would deliver the flow of feedstock into the drum from its
centerline with a similar or improved flow stream distribution pattern as is achieved with
traditional bottom feed entry.

Traditional Bottom-Feed Traditional Side-Feed Center-Feed Injection

4
A key center-feed injection device design feature is the custom nozzle configuration
through which the feed exits the nozzle and enters the drum. The geometry of this nozzle
has been highly engineered to efficiently re-direct flow upward into the center of the drum.
Numerous flow simulations were performed to optimize this geometry, with the requirement
to match pressure drop and flow established at each specific site. The nozzles are
designed to be removable and can be reconfigured as necessary or when process changes
are desired.

In the extended position, the nozzle is sealed by a spring loaded dynamic seat which
uses the same seating principals as the DeltaValve bottom unheading valve. This dynamic
seat seals the bonnet from the section of the nozzle where the feed enters. These seals
eliminate the possibility of resid from entering the nozzle housing, even in the event steam
pressure is lost.

Clean-out and
inspection port

Replaceable/
reconfigurable
nozzles

 Inlet feed line

port connection

Housing and
nozzle guide
Spool flange

Domestic and international

patents pending

5
Center Feed Injection Device
Product Testing
Three periods of temperature data were collected from the center-feed injection device
(CFD) during initial testing, and data collected from the CFD prototype shows impressive
results. The first period data reflects drum operation with its originally designed side-feed
configuration. The second period data was collected after the CFD was initially installed,
and the third period data was collected after the CFD was installed and fully operational.
The third period of data collection is ongoing and is still being gathered.

Comparing circumferential temperature differentials from these studies, the temperature

differential at the elevation just above the weld seam in the lower drum during its initial
testing was reduced significantly. Temperature differentials decreased nearly 350°F per
elevation compared to pre center-feed injection installation. This data indicates drum
life could be increased by more than 50 percent by utilizing DeltaValve’s center-feed
injection device.

Pre Center Feed Injection Device Installation

6
Post Center Feed Injection Device Installation

Small difference
in temperature
during filling of
drum.

Current testing shows positive results when utilizing a DeltaValve center-feed injection
device. Even in cases when drum temperatures diverge from the ideal center-feed cycle, a
significant reduction in differential temperatures was seen. With the understanding of how
sudden and significant changes in feed rate affect the drum, the cases recorded in the
testing could be significantly improved upon.

Nozzle Design
To enhance the technology further, additional flow studies based on varying nozzle designs
are ongoing. These studies will directly improve the range of flow the CFD is able to
accommodate and further improve on the recorded results. These studies will be based on
specific flow requirements for each coker.

Reconfigurable nozzles

The inner diameter of the nozzle matches the inner diameter of the piping from the
furnace to the drum. The components identified above as “reconfigurable nozzles” are the
removable flow conditioning devices that have been carefully designed to redirect the flow
directly upward into the center of the drum. These liners can be replaced to accommodate
different flow conditions if process changes are desired.

7
 Center Feed Injection Device
Specifications
Construction Cast, fabricated
Body Housing Material ASME SA217 WC6
Nozzle ASME SA335 P11 and 182 F11
Actuation Electric, electro-hydraulic, or hydraulic
Interlocks/Controls Engineered to plant specifications
Positive Lockout Removable lockout pin
Purge Media Steam
Maximum Design Pressure 154 PSIG (10.8 kgf/cm2g @ 940oF (505oC)
Inlet Feed Sizes 6’’ to 16” diameter

11

5 6 8
12 13
1 2

3 4 7 10
9

Item Description Item Description

1 Lockout Tower 8 Steam Purge Port
2 Lockout Pin 9 Inspection/Clean-out Port
3 Electro-Hydraulic Actuator 10 Spool Flange
4 Clean-out Ports 11 Inlet Feed
5 Actuator Rod Stuffing Box 12 Injection Nozzle
6 Bonnet 13 Outlet Nozzles (Removable/Replaceable)
7 Solvent Port

8
Center Feed Injection Device
Actuator Options
The center-feed injection device was initially designed using an electro-hydraulic system
with a self-contained pump and motor, but additional actuation options are available.
Electro-hydraulic and hydraulic configurations utilize a standard double-rod hydraulic
cylinder, where one rod is attached to the center-feed injection device nozzle, and the
opposite rod is used as a visual indicator on the lock-out shaft. The electro-hydraulic
version uses a stainless steel box mounted directly on top of the hydraulic cylinder and
contains the motor, hydraulic pump, reservoir, and controls. A full electric actuator, which
significantly reduces maintenance when compared to hydraulics, is also available.

Electric Actuation

Electro-Hydraulic Actuation

Hydraulic Actuation

9
Delayed Coking
Complimentary Products
Transition Spool
The DeltaValve transition spool is designed to create a permanent connection between the
DeltaGuard bottom unheading device and the coke-drum bottom flange. Transition spools
are available with single-flanged weld-in configurations, and incorporate a permanent side
inlet feed connection where the center-feed injection device can be attached.

10
DeltaValve
Additional Specialized Equipment
for the Delayed Coker
Bottom Unheading Systems – DeltaGuard GV810, GV825
Permanently connects to the bottom flange of the coke drum or transition spool, creating
a totally enclosed system from the coke drum to the discharge pit. With the push of a
single button from a remote location, safe and reliable unheading can be achieved. The
DeltaGuard is inherently safe, easy to operate, and designed to be maintenance-free from
turnaround to turnaround.

Top Unheading Systems – DeltaGuard GV835

Permanently connects to the top flange of the coke drum. With this device, top coke drum
unheading can be safely accomplished with the push of a single button from a remote
location, removing operators from the cutting deck and protecting them from potential
coke drum blowouts or eruptions.

Auto-Switch Coke Cutting/Boring Tool

The innovative DeltaValve auto-switch coke cutting/boring tool provides a high level of
safety during de-coking operations by allowing the tool to remain in the drum during
switching between cutting/boring modes. The auto-switch tool, in combination with the
DeltaValve drill stem guide enclosure and the DeltaGuard top unheading valve, provides
maximum coker safety on the top unheading deck by removing personnel from the area.

Isolation Valves
Reliable, low-maintenance, tight shut-off isolation valves designed for extreme
temperatures and harsh applications provide for a quick, efficient in-line removal of all
internal components. Steam purge ports are capable of operating continuously in the
partially open (throttling) position, while isolating body internals from the process. Available
with a complete suite of electric and hydraulic actuator options and complete PLC-based
isolation valve control systems with safety interlocks and sequence controls.

Safety Instrumented Systems

Designed in compliance with IEC 61508 to provide an independent layer of protection to
mitigate coker safety risk.

Coker Automation (Controls and Interlocks)

DeltaValve can provide a total coker system controls solution engineered to meet any
specific short-term and long-term coker automation strategy. The system design includes
a fully integrated PLC-based supervisory control system for the coker including coke
drum unheading, coke drum isolation valve controls and interlocks, coke drum switching
operations, coke drum decoking operations, and the safety instrumented system.

Contact Sales
Toll free in USA/Canada: 1.888.DELTAVALVE (1.888.335.8282)
Phone: 281.247.8100
Email: deltavalve.sales@curtisswright.com
Web: http://deltavalve.cwfc.com

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DeltaValve
Field Services
Our field service crew provide a superior level of service, providing around-the-clock
coverage to reduce downtime by responding to customers’ needs in a timely and efficient
manner. Our team of technical experts has quick access to all equipment drawings, bills
of material, and customer specifications. This information provides DeltaValve the unique
capability to evaluate and troubleshoot issues and provide solutions in a timely and
practical manner. Whether it’s routine maintenance, or a major equipment turnaround,
DeltaValve is your trusted source for aftermarket and turnaround services.

DeltaValve field services:

• DeltaValve equipment installations
• Site acceptance tests
• Commissioning supervision
• Site audits
• Turnaround service
• Maintenance and repair
• Equipment rebuilds
• Storage
• Hydraulic flush services
• Electrical loop checks
• On-site training
• Bolt tensioning/torquing

In order to respond to our customers’ requirements, DeltaValve has sizeable service

facilities staffed with our certified, dedicated technicians in the United States, Canada, and
Europe. We are also planning such facilities globally to meet the demands of our growing
list of worldwide customers.

Contact Field Services

Toll free in USA/Canada: 1.888.DELTAVALVE (1.888.335.8282)
Phone: 281.247.8100
Email: deltavalve.fieldservices@curtisswright.com
Web: http://deltavalve.cwfc.com

Contact Customer Care

Toll free in USA/Canada: 1.888.DELTAVALVE (1.888.335.8282)
Phone: 281.247.8100
Email: deltavalve.customercare@curtisswright.com
Web: http://deltavalve.cwfc.com

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Corporate Office
9890 Jordan Gateway
Sandy, Utah 84070
Phone: 801.984.1000

Sales Office
527 West 38th Street
Houston, Texas 77018
Phone: 281.247.8100

Valve Manufacturing
16315 Market Street
Channelview, Texas 77530
Phone: 281.247.8100

The contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only,
and while every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, they are not to
be construed as warranties or guarantees, expressed or implied, regarding the
products or services described herein or their use or applicability. We reserve
the right to modify or improve the designs or specifications of our products © 2013 DeltaValve, a business unit of Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Company
and services at any time without notice. Printed in USA 01/13 VO1