BAR GRAPHS

A Bar Graph is used to compare data from different groups or periods. Data is a collection of gathered information.
A bar graph can be horizontal or vertical. Horizontal Bar Graph have values of bars in horizontal position, Vertical Bar Graphs
have values of bars in vertical position.
A bar graph has two axes, the horizontal axis and the vertical axis. A bar graph needs to have a title at the top of the graph.
A bar graph could also be Single or Double.

Ex 1. Single Vertical Bar Graph

Number of Votes of Grade IV Pupils

30
Number of Votes

20

10

0
YES Party GO! GO! Party MIND Party
Parties

What is the graph about? The graph is about the number of votes of Grade IV Pupils.
What does the vertical axis represent? The number of votes of the Grade IV Pupils.
What information is on the horizontal axis? The different parties is on the horizontal axis.
What kind of graph is presented? The graph is a single vertical bar graph.

Ex.2 Single Horizontal Bar Graph

Grade IV Enrolment for the Past Five School Years

2013 - 2014

2012 - 2013
School Year

2011 - 2012
2010 - 2011
2009 - 2010
0 100 200 300 400 500
Number of Pupils

What school years had the same number of enrolment? School years 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 have the same enrolment.
What school year has the highest enrolment? School Year 2013-2014 have the highest enrolment.
What school year has the lowest enrolment? School Year 2010-2011 have the lowest enrolment.

Ex 3. Double Horizontal Bar Graph

Favorite Pets of Grade 4 Learners

Puppy

Cat
Pets

Bird
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of Pupils

Boys
Girls

How many girls choose puppies as their favorite pet? There are 60 girls who chose puppies as their favorite pet.
How many more girls than boys have birds? There are 20 more girls than boys who have birds.
 SIMPLE PROBABILITY

Tossing a coin is a simple probability experiment to know the chance that either a head or a tail shows up. In tossing a coin,
there are two possible outcomes, either a head or a tail. The head and the tail have equal chances to show up.
The result that either a head or a tail show up is called a success. The experimental probability of having a head or a tail is given
by this formula:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 (𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦)
Probability = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑)

Ex. 4 P(head) = Probability of getting a head

Number of trials = 20
⎕
P (head) =
20
Where: ⎕ represents the number of times the head showed up when a coin is tossed 20 times.

Ex. 5
Arthur is spinning a spinner like the one shown below while he is playing with his friends. What is the probability that
he spins a 4 on his next spin?

1 2

3 4

Solution:
P (E) = Probability of the Experiment
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟
P (E) =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
1
P (4) =
4
1
The probability that Arthur will spin a 4 is P (4) =
4

Ex. 6 What is the probability of a letter M is drawn?

M A T H
1
The probability that a letter M is drawn is P (4) = since there is only one letter M.
4

Ex 7. From a class of 20 boys and 20 girls, what is the probability that a boy is chosen as a leader?
Since there are same number of boys as to girls, the probability that a boy is chose is equally likely to happen or 50%.

Ex. 8 Without looking, what is the probability that the red marble is draw from the box of blue marbles?
Since it is a box of blue marbles, the probability to draw a red marble is 0% or impossible to happen.

Ex. 9 In tossing a coin, what is the probability that a head shows up?
Since a coin has only two sides, the probability that a head shows up is equally likely to happen or 50%.