Cloud cover (also known as cloudiness, cloud age or cloud amount) refers to the fraction of

the sky obscured by clouds when observed from a particular location.[1] Okta is the usual unit of
measurement of the cloud cover. The cloud cover is correlated to the sunshine duration as the least

The global cloud cover averages around 0.68 when analysing clouds with optical depth larger than
0.1. This value is lower when considering clouds with an optical depth larger than 2 (0.56) and
higher when counting sub visible cirrus clouds.[2]

Clouds play multiple critical roles in the climate system. In particular, being bright objects in the
visible part of the solar spectrum, they efficiently reflect light to space and thus contribute to the
cooling of the planet. Cloud cover thus plays an important role in the energetic balance of the
atmosphere and a variation of it is a consequence of and to the climate expected by recent studies.[3]

Lastly, there is a latitudinal variation in the cloud cover, such that around 20°N there are regions with
0.10 less cloudiness than the global mean. Almost the same variation (0.15 instead of 0.10) is found
20°S. On the other hand, in the storm regions of the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes were found
to have with 0.15-0.25 more cloudiness than the global mean at 60°S.[2] On average, about 52% of
Earth is cloud-covered at any moment.[5] Some places on Earth are almost always cloudy such as
the Amazon Rainforest and some others are almost always clear such as the Sahara Desert.
jose Mourinho refused to condemn his Chelsea troops after their
title defence was plunged into turmoil by a 3-1 defeat at Everton,
while Manchester United's Anthony Martial exploded onto the Old
Trafford stage with a superb strike in his new club's 3-1 victory
over Liverpool.
Mourinho's side made a miserable start at Goodison Park, as
Scotland forward Steven Naismith came off the bench to score twice
in the space of five minutes midway through the first half.
Nemanja Matic pulled one back for Chelsea before the interval, but
Naismith completed his treble in the closing stages to condemn the
Blues - with three defeats and only four points from their five matches
- to their worst start to a season since 1988.
It left Chelsea 11 points below leaders Manchester City, who snatched
a late 1-0 win at Crystal Palace, but Mourinho claimed he had no
complaints about his team's performance and blamed bad luck for
their recent woes.
"I am a champion, the players are the champions, the way they are
playing is not as bad as the results, but in every single game things
are going against us," Mourinho told BT Sport.
"We have to cope with it. Football is about results. It's easy to say and
I agree completely, but results are too bad.
"I don't blame my players and I don't blame myself. I don't accept the
results."
At Old Trafford, Martial made one of the more memorable United
debuts in recent memory as the teenage French striker came off the
bench to mark his debut with the clinching goal against Liverpool.
Signed from Monaco on transfer deadline day, Martial had been
dismissed in some quarters as a panic buy.
But the hefty price tag, that made the 19-year-old the world's most
expensive teenage player, did not seem to bother Martial, who came
Subaru has issued a stop-sale and recall on 2015 models equipped with the
EyeSight active safety system. This action includes the Forester, Impreza,
Legacy, Outback, and XV Crosstrek, as well as the 2016 WRX. Owners of these
models will be sent a notice by the end of June, but dealers are already
equipped to remedy the problem.

According to the report submitted to National Highway Traffic Administration

(NHTSA), this recall affects about 72,000 vehicles. The recall addresses a brake
light switch that can interfere with the software that triggers the automatic
braking, potentially causing the automatic braking to not function as intended.
There are no reported injuries due to this risk.

Eyesight is a camera-based safety suite that can automatically bring the

vehicle to a stop in emergency situations from speeds below 30 mph.
According to Subaru, Eyesight customers have been receptive to Eyesight and
the system has about a 30-percent penetration rate.

If you are one of the Subaru Eyesight owners, you’ve chosen wisely. The
system brings peace of mind and works as intended, as we have experienced.
Owners are encouraged to head to the dealer at their earliest convenience and
have this recall work performed. The recall campaign number is WQS-54. The
software update process should take about an hour.
PALO ALTO, Calif. -- Seeking to make cars better at avoiding crashes,
Toyota Motor Corp. will spend $50 million over five years to set up joint
research centers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and
Stanford University, the Japanese automaker said today during an event
near Stanford’s campus here.
To manage its own artificial intelligence research, Toyota has also hired a
robotics expert from the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, a
Pentagon r&d division that has played a pivotal role in the development of
self-driving cars.

“We will initially focus on the acceleration of intelligent vehicle technology,

with the immediate goal of helping eliminate traffic casualties and the
ultimate goal of helping improve quality of life through enhanced mobility
and robotics,” Kiyotaka Ise, a senior managing officer at Toyota and chief
officer of its r&d group, said in a statement.

The initial focus of researchers, Toyota said, will be designing software

that can adeptly recognize objects in different road environments, make
wise driving judgments and collaborate with human passengers,
pedestrians and other vehicles.

Now joining Toyota to manage these activities is Gill Pratt, the head of
DARPA’s Robotics Challenge, in which teams design a robot to serve a
specific purpose such as rescuing people trapped after a natural disaster.
In 2004, 2005 and 2007, the agency ran a series of “Grand Challenges” for
autonomous vehicles that yielded many of the engineers that started the
pioneering self-driving cars program at Google Inc.

The two university teams funded by Toyota will be led by Fei-Fei Li,
director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and Daniela Rus,
director of MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.

“We understand the importance of this technology, and we know that

competition from other automakers and technology companies is
increasing,” Ise said at the event. “Today’s announcement is the beginning
of unprecedecented commitment by Toyota to artificial intelligence and
robotics technology research for years to come.”

Led by Pratt, “we plan to take on new challenges,” he added, “and we will
do so at a scale that matches how important we believe this work is.”

Said Pratt: “Our goal today is to create machines that help people be more
autonomous and move about without regard to limits imposed by age or
illness. Our goal is to eliminate highway collisions without eliminating the
fun of driving. Our goal is to enable people to continue to enjoy freedom
and independence, no matter their age. … That is why I’ve chosen to join
Toyota and to work with these two extraordinary schools in this effort.”
 Then there was the giant surf. While Maddison is an
avid surfer, he still had to get accustomed to the big
swells before attempting the stunt. It was a good thing he
did for after being buried under waves as high as seven
feet, the daredevil realized that wearing a flotation device
would probably be a good idea.
Also, while he managed to survive the surf, a practice run
aboard a Jet Ski to get a feel for the waves on a motorized
vehicle almost ended his "pipe" dream. That's because
Maddison got tossed off the Jet Ski anddislocated his
shoulder. But the adventurer had worked too hard to allow
this "minor" setback to derail his plans.
Then there was the challenge of launching the biker
atop a giant wave. That's because even a daredevil like
Maddison could not ride into the water, catch a wave, and
ride it back. For the stunt to work, he needed a launching
pad in the ocean.
The crew from DC Shoes, the sponsor of this heart-
stopping event, began by renting two massive barges -
one for launch and the other for landing. While one barge
required just a simple landing ramp, retrofitting the
second with a launch ramp was a little trickier. That's
because the ramp had to be high enough to place
Maddison and his bike several feet above the surface of
the ocean and long enough, for him to gain
the momentum he needed to ride the wave.
Finally, it was time. The DC Shoes film crew waited in
nervous anticipation as Maddison came speeding down
the launch ramp. To their dismay, it proved to be a
complete bust because of the timing and the fact that he
was on the wrong bike gear. His second attempt was
almost flawless. But the adventurer began celebrating a
little too early and ended up crashing into the water close
to the landing barge.
Not one to give up, Maddison tried again and nailed it.
Thrilled at his success the support crew was ready to wrap
it up and head home. But Maddison was not done. He had
heard that the area was expecting even bigger waves with
20-foot swells and wanted to get in one "last" ride.
Reluctantly, Maddison's team and a skeleton DC film
crew agreed to stay behind and help fulfil his desire. The
biggest concern his mechanic Buddy Morgan had was that
the bike was not fast enough to outrun the giant swells.
Turns out he was right. Maddison was not only tossed off
his bike but also kept getting caught in one massive wave
after another.
It took a full five minutes before the rescue team was able
to find him and pull him out! The slightly shaken Maddison
later said that he only managed to survive the waves
because of his surfing prowess. As to what the motocross
rider is thinking of next? Nobody knows, but you can be
assured it will be thrilling!
Resources: motorcross.transworld.net, dailymail.co.uk.
On as a 65th-minute substitute and settled one of English football's
heavyweight clashes with a devastating knockout blow.
United had taken a two-goal lead thanks to Daley Blind's sumptuous
long-range finish in the 49th minute and an Ander Herrera penalty in
the 70th minute following Joe Gomez's foul on the Spanish midfielder.
But the hosts were clinging to a 2-1 lead after Christian Benteke's
brilliant bicycle kick in the 84th minute had given Liverpool hope of
snatching a draw.
That was the cue for Martial to steal the spotlight two minutes later as
he took possession on the left, surged past Martin Skrtel and cut
inside before calmly steering his shot into the far corner.
Early pace-setters City sit five points off second placed United after it
won 1-0 at Palace courtesy of a last-minute goal by substitute Kelechi
Iheanacho.
City had earlier lost Sergio Aguero through injury, but prevailed when
18-year-old Nigerian striker Iheanacho poked in the rebound from a
Samir Nasri shot to preserve the visitors' 100 per cent record.
Aguero was forced off in the 24th minute after a heavy challenge by
Scott Dann, which saw Kevin De Bruyne come on for his City debut
following his switch from Wolfsburg.
"I think the team is demonstrating why we have won five games," said
City manager Manuel Pellegrini, who hopes Aguero will be fit to face
Juventus in the Champions League on Tuesday.
"Last season is in the past and now we are thinking about the future.
It's important to have a gap between champions, but three or four
teams can be very strong and can win the title."