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Lecture 12 Finite Element Approximations For 2D Boundary Value Problems PDF
Lecture 12 Finite Element Approximations For 2D Boundary Value Problems PDF
Lecture 12 Finite Element Approximations For 2D Boundary Value Problems PDF
Email: zabaras@cornell.edu
URL: http://mpdc.mae.cornell.edu/
∂u ∂w ∂u ∂w
∫Ω ∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y
k + + b ( x , y )u ( x , y ) w( x , y ) dxdy + ∫ puwds=
∂Ω 2
∫ f wdxdy + ∫ γ wds
Ω ∂Ω 2
1
is approximated as:
u h ( s ) = ∑ u j N j ( x( s ), y ( s ))
j
j =1
and u j = u j at the nodes on ∂Ω1h so the following holds:
∂uh ∂wh ∂uh ∂wh
∫Ω k ∂x ∂x + ∂y ∂y + b( x, y)uh ( x, y)wh ( x, y) dxdy + ∂Ω∫ puh wh ds = ∫
Ωh
f wh dxdy + ∫
∂Ω 2 h
γ wh ds
h 2h
∑ K=
u
j =1
ij j F=
i, i 1, 2,.., N
∂N i ∂N j ∂N i ∂N j
K ij ∫ k
= + + b( x, y ) N i N j dxdy + ∫ pN i N j ds, =
i, j 1,..., N Symmetric,
Ωh
∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y ∂Ω 2 h
banded
=Fi
Ωh
∫ fN i dxdy + ∫
∂Ω 2 h
γ N i ds
∑ ij j i i , i =
k e e
u
j =1
=−
f e
σ e
1, 2,.., N e
∂N e
∂N e
∂N e
∂N e
kij ∫ k
= + + bN i N j dxdy
e i j i j e e
∂x ∂x ∂ ∂ Element stiffness matrix
Ωe
y y
fi e = ∫
Ωe
fN ie dxdy Element load vector
E ∂N i ∂N j ∂N i ∂N j E
∑ ∫ k
∂x ∂x
+
∂y ∂y
+ bN i N j dxdy = ∑ K e
ij , i, j = 1, 2,..., N
Ωe
e 1= e 1
E E
=e 1 =
∑∫ fN=
i dxdy ∑=
F ,i
i
e
1, 2,..., N
Ωe e 1
∑( K u i )
E
e
ij j − Fi
e
+ =
Σ e
0,=i 1,2,..., N
e =1
∑( K u Σie ) 0,=
E
e
ij j − Fi e + = i 1,2,..., N
e =1
∑ i i i i , =i 1,2,..., N
Σ=e
e =1
S (0)
+ S (1)
+ S (2)
E
=∑ ∫
E E
Si(0) = ∑ Si(1) = ∑
(2)
σ n N i ds
∫ σ n N i ds ∫ σ n N i ds S i
e =1 ∂Ω 2 h
e =1 ∂Ωe −∂Ω h e=1 ∂Ω1 h
Portion of the boundary ∂Ω e
∂Ωe −∂Ω h
of Ω e not on ∂Ω h
(interelement boundaries)
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
CORNELL
U N I V E R S I T Y
N. Zabaras (03/06/2014) 10
Boundary conditions
E
S i
(0)
=∑ ∫ σ n N i ds
e =1 ∂Ωe −∂Ω h
Si(0) = f
∑( K u i )
E
e
ij j − Fi
e
+ =
Σ e
0,=i 1,2,..., N
e =1
E
N
N
Si(2) = ∑ ∫ p ∑ u j N j − γ N i ds = ∑ Pij u j − γ i
=e 1 = ∂Ω 2 h j 1 =j 1
E E
=γi ∫ γ Ni ds
=
= e 1=
∑ ∫ γ Ni ds
= ∑i
γ e
∂Ω 2h ∂Ωe2 h e 1
E E
=Pij
=
∫ pNi N j ds
=
e 1=
∑ ∫ =
pN i N j ds ∑ ij
P e
∂Ω 2 h ∂Ωe2 h e 1
portion of ∂Ωe
int er sec ting ∂Ω2 h
∑ ij j i i , i =
K u
j =1
=F − S (1)
1,2,..., N
E E
Kij =∑ ( Kije + Pije ), Fi =∑ ( Fi e + γ ie )
=e 1=e 1
=u 0 on Γ 41
∂u
= 0 on Γ12 , Γ 25, Γ 67 , Γ 74,
∂n
∂u
+ β u = γ on Γ56
∂n
∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
∂Ω 2 = Γ12 ∪ Γ 25 ∪ Γ56 ∪ Γ 67 ∪ Γ 74,
∂Ω 2 h = ∂Ω 2
∂Ω1 = Γ 41
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
CORNELL
U N I V E R S I T Y
N. Zabaras (03/06/2014) 17
Example
• Element 1:
k11
1 1
k12 1
k13 0 0 0 0
1
k21 k22
1 1
k23 0 0 0 0
1 1 1
k31 k32 k33 0 0 0 0
K1 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f11 ∂Ω = ∂Ω
1 2h 2
f2
1
f3
F =0
1
0
0 ∂Ω = Γ ∪ Γ 25 ∪ Γ56 ∪ Γ 67 ∪ Γ 74,
2 12
0 ∂Ω1 = Γ 41
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
CORNELL
U N I V E R S I T Y
N. Zabaras (03/06/2014) 18
Example
• Element 2:
k11
2 2
0 k12 2
k13 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
k 2 2
0 k22 2
k23 0 0 0
21
K = k 2
2
2
0 k32 2
k33 0 0 0
31
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f12
∂Ω 2 h = ∂Ω 2
0
f 2
2
F = f 2
2
3
0
0 ∂Ω 2 = Γ12 ∪ Γ 25 ∪ Γ56 ∪ Γ 67 ∪ Γ 74,
0 ∂Ω1 = Γ 41
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
CORNELL
U N I V E R S I T Y
N. Zabaras (03/06/2014) 19
Example
• Element 6:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 6
0 k11 6
0 k12 6
k13 0
K = 0
6 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 6
0 k21 6
0 k22 6
k23 0
0 6
0 k31 6
0 k32 6
k33 0 ∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ∂Ω = ∂Ω
0 2h 2
f16
F = 0
1
6
f2
f 6 ∂Ω 2 = Γ12 ∪ Γ 25 ∪ Γ56 ∪ Γ 67 ∪ Γ 74,
3
0 ∂Ω1 = Γ 41
MAE 4700 – FE Analysis for Mechanical & Aerospace Design
CORNELL
U N I V E R S I T Y
N. Zabaras (03/06/2014) 20
Example problem: Assembly
K11 K12 K13 K14 0 0 0
K 21 K 22 K 23 0 K 25 0 0
K31 K32 K33 K34 K35 K36 K37
K = K 41 0 K 43 K 44 0 0 K 47
55 56
0 K52 K53 0 K K 0
65 66
0 0 K 63 0 K K K 67
0 K 77
0 K 73 K 74 0 K 76 ∂Ω1h = ∂Ω1
F1 Σ1 ∂Ω 2 h = ∂Ω 2
F
2 0
F3 0
1 F
F 4 − Σ 4
=
F 5 Σ
5
F 6 Σ6
The stiffness terms with the symbol K
F 0
7 will be modified once natural BC are applied.
0
0
0
γ = 0
γ 5
γ 6
0
K 22 K 23 K 25 0 0 u2 F2
K K33 K35 K36 K37 u3 F3
32
K52 K53 K55 K56 0 u5 = F5
0 K 63 K 65 K 66 K 67 u6 F6
0 K 73 0 K 76 K 77 u7 F7
Post-processing
=
−Σ1 K12u2 + K13u3 + K14u4 − F1
=
−Σ 4 K 43u3 + K 47u7 − F4
∫ {∇w} [ D]{∇T=
}dΩ ∫ Ω − ∫ qd Γ
T T T
w f d w
Ω Ω Γq
for all w( x, y ) ∈U 0
∑ ∫ {∇w } [ D ]{=
∇T } d Ω
nel nel nel
e T
∑ ∫ w f d Ω − ∑ ∫ we qd Γ
eT T
e e
=e 1 Ωe =e 1 =
Ωe e 1 Γq
for all w( x, y ) ∈U 0
{d e}
∂x ∂x T1 + ∂x T2 + ... + ∂x Tnen ∂x ∂
...
∂ Te
{∇T =} ∂T e =
e
e
∂N1 e ∂N 2 e
e
=
∂N nen e
e
e
∂N1 ∂N 2
x
e
=
x 2 =
∂N nen ...
e B e ( x, y ) {d e } B e Le {d }
∂y T1 + ∂y T2 + ... + ∂y Tnen ∂y ... e scatter global
∂y ∂y
∂y nodal
Tnen matrix
temperatures
The B e matrix {d e}
∂N nen ∂N nen
e
∂x ∂y
=e 1 Ωe
e T e e
=e 1 =
∑∫w eT
f d Ω − ∑ ∫ w qd Γ ⇒
eT
Ωe e 1 Γe
q
nel
{w} ∑ L ∫ B [ D ] B d Ω L {d } − ∫ N f d Ω + ∫ N qd Γd Ω = 0 ∀{wF }
e T e T e T e T
T e e e
e =1 Ωe Ωe Γ eq
e =1
Ωe Ωe Γ eq
K ∫e
e T
{ } ∫e ∫e qd Γ
T T
e
B [ D e
] B
e
d Ω= f e
N e
f d Ω − N e
Ω
Ω
Γq
{ Ω}
f e
{ fΓ }
e
{f }
nel nel
[ K ] = ∑ L K L { f } = ∑ Le
e T e e T e
e =1 e =1