Som Book 2019 - Final Book

STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS
STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS
CONTENTS CONTENTS
S. No. NAME OF THE CHAPTER PAGE. No.
. Simple Stresses and Strains 1 -66
. Principle Stresses and Strains 67 -110
. Stresses in Beams 111 -209
. Deflection in Beams 210 -242
. Torsion in Shafts 243 -270
. Thin Cylindrical Shells 271 -286
. Columns and Struts 287 � 303
SOLUTIONS � GATE -ME 304 -345
SOLUTIONS � GATE -CE 346 -382
SYLLABUS � GATE -ME
Stress and strain, elastic constant, Poisson�s ratio; Mohr�s circle for plane
stress and plane
strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear
stresses;
deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler�s theory of columns; energy
methods;
thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universal
testing machine;
testing of hardness and impact strength.
Analysis of Previous GATE Papers
Exam
Year Organized by 1 Mark
Ques.
2 Marks
Ques.
Total
Marks
2009 IIT -ROORKEE 2 2 6
2010 IIT -GUWAHATI 1 2 5
2011 IIT-MADRAS 4 3 10
2012 IIT -DELHI 3 3 9
2013 IIT -BOMBAY 2 1 4
2014 Set-1 IIT-KHARAGPUR 2 3 8
2015 Set-1 IIT -KANPUR 3 2 7
2016 Set-1 IISc -BANGALORE 3 4 11
2017 Set-1 IIT -ROORKEE 5 4 13
2018 Set-1 IIT -GUWAHATI 2 2 6
2019 Set-1 IIT -MADRAS 3 2 7
SYLLABUS � GATE -CE
Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; Simple stress and
strain
relationships; Theories of failures; Simple bending theory, flexural and shear
stresses, shear
centre; Uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses.
Analysis of Previous GATE Papers
Exam
Year Organized by 1 Mark
Ques.
2 Marks
Ques.
Total
Marks
2009 IIT -ROORKEE 2 5 12
2010 IIT -GUWAHATI 5 1 7
2011 IIT-MADRAS 1 3 7
2012 IIT -DELHI 4 2 8
2013 IIT -BOMBAY 4 2 8
2014 Set-2 IIT-KHARAGPUR -5 10
2016 Set-1 IISc -BANGALORE -3 6
2016 Set-2 IISc -BANGALORE -4 8
2019 Set-2 IIT -MADRAS -1 2
1 SIMPLE STRESSES AND STRAINS 1 SIMPLE STRESSES AND STRAINS
PREVIOUS GATE (ME) QUESTIONS
1. A large uniform plate containing a rivet-hole is

subjected to uniform uniaxial tension of 95
MPa. The maximum stress in the plate is
A. 100 MPa B. 285 MPa
C. 190 MPa D. Indeterminate
[GATE-ME-92:1M]
2. Determine the temperature rise necessary to

induce buckling in a 1m long circular rod of
diameter 40 mm shown in the figure below.
Assume the rod to be pinned at its ends and
the coefficient of thermal expansion as
....
20�10/�C. Assume uniform heating of

the bar.
[GATE-ME-93:2M]
3. Below Fig. shows a rigid bar hinged at A and

supported in a horizontal position by two
vertical identical steel wires. Neglect the
weight of the beam. The tension T.. and T.. induced in these wires by a vertical
load P
applied as shown are
A. T..=T..= ...
...... .....
B. T= (......),T= (......)
.. ...... ....
...... ......
C. T= (......),T= (......)
.. ...... ....
...... ......
D. T..= ..(..........),T..= ..(........)

..
[GATE-ME-94:2M]
4. A free bar of length 1 m is uniformly heated

from 0oC to a temperature of toC, a is the
coefficient of linear expansion and E the
modulus of elasticity. The stress in the bar is
A. a tE B. a tE/2
C. zero D. none of the above
[GATE-ME-95:2M]
5. Two identical circular rods of same diameter

and same length are subjected to same
magnitude of axial tensile force. One of the
rod is made of mild steel having the modulus
of elasticity of 206 GPa. The other rod is made
of cast iron having the modulus of elasticity of
100 GPa. Assume both the materials to be
homogeneous and isotropic and the axial force
causes the same amount of uniform stress in
both the rods. The stresses developed are
within the proportional limit of the respective
-1
Strength of Materials
materials. Which of the following

observations is correct?
A. Both rods elongate by the same amount

B. Mild steel rod elongates more than the cast
iron
C. Cast iron rod elongates more than the mild
steel rod
D. As the stresses are equal strains are also
equal in both the rods
[GATE-ME-03:2M]
to a
A. 85
C. 100
7. In terms of
elastic materials is
A. ..2 1+ �)
C. (
((1+ �)
..
rests on a frictionless surface. The rod is

heated uniformly. If the radial and longitudinal
thermal stresses are represented by .... and s.. respectively, then
A. s= 0,s..= 0 B. s. 0,s..=0
....
C. s= 0,s.0 D. s. 0,s.0
.... ....
[GATE-ME-04:1M]
9. The figure below shows a steel rod of 25 mm ..

cross sectional area. It is loaded at four points
6. A 200 � 100 �50 mm steel block is subjected
hydrostatic pressure of 15 MPa. The
Young�s modulus and Poisson�s ratio of the
material are 200 GPa and 0.3 respectively. The
change in the volume of the block in mm .. is
B. 90
D. 110
[GATE-ME-03:2M]
Poisson�s ratio .the ratio of
Young�s Modulus E to Shear Modulus G of
B. 2(1- �)
D. ....
(1- �)
[GATE-ME-04:1M]
8. A uniform, slender cylindrical rod is made of a
homogeneous and isotropic material. The rod
section is subjected to an axial compressive
load of 200 kN. If the length of the bar is 2 m
and E = 200 GPa. The decrement in length of
the bar will be
A. 1.25 mm
C. 4.05 mm
11. A bar having a cross-sectional area of 700mm .. is subjected to
positions indicated. The value of stress in the
segment BC is
A. 40 MPa
C. 70 MPa
KLMN250N200N1700mm500mm400mm63KNA35KN49KNB
K, L, M and N. Assume E200GPa...........= The total change in length of the rod due
to
loading is
100N
50N
A. 1�m B. -10�m
C. 16�m D. -20�m
[GATE-ME-04:2M]
10. A steel bar of 40 mm �40 mm square cross-

B. 2.70 mm
D. 5.40 mm
[GATE-ME-06:2M]
axial loads at the
21KN
CD
B. 50 MPa
D. 120 MPa
[GATE-ME-06:2M]
12. A steel rod of length L and diameter D, fixed

at both ends, is uniformly heated to a
temperature rise of .T.The Young�s modulus
is E and the coefficient of linear expansion is
'a'. The thermal stress in the rod is
A. 0 B. a.T
C. Ea.T D. Ea.TL
[GATE-ME-07:1M]
-2
ENGINEERS HUBWebsite: www.engineers-hub.com :: Contact: 0891 666 4766

[GATE-ME-12:2M]
stress free rod at room
temperature is held between two immovable
rigid walls. The temperature of the rod is250..C. If the Young�s
modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion1�10..../..C, respectively,
the magnitude of the longitudinal stress (in
MPa) developed in the rod is _____
[GATE-ME-12:2M]
15. A rod of length L having uniform cross-
sectional area A is subjected to a tensile force
P as shown in the figure below. If the Young�s
modulus of the material varies linearly fromalong the length of the rod, the
normal stress developed at the section � SS is
of
A. resistance to scratching
B. ability to absorb energy up to fracture
D. ability to absorb energy till elastic limit
D. resistance to indentation
18. A circular rod of length �L� and area of cross-
section �A� has a modulus of elasticity �E� and
coefficient of thermal expansion 'a'. One end
of the rod is fixed and another end is free. If
the temperature of the rod is increased by
then
A. stress developed in the rod is
strain developed in the rod is aB. both stress and strain developed in the rod
are zero
[GATE-ME-12:2M]
stress free rod at room
temperature is held between two immovable
rigid walls. The temperature of the rod is250..C. If the Young�s
modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion1�10..../..C, respectively,
the magnitude of the longitudinal stress (in
MPa) developed in the rod is _____
[GATE-ME-12:2M]
15. A rod of length L having uniform cross-
sectional area A is subjected to a tensile force
P as shown in the figure below. If the Young�s
modulus of the material varies linearly fromalong the length of the rod, the
normal stress developed at the section � SS is
of
A. resistance to scratching
B. ability to absorb energy up to fracture
D. ability to absorb energy till elastic limit
D. resistance to indentation
18. A circular rod of length �L� and area of cross-
section �A� has a modulus of elasticity �E� and
coefficient of thermal expansion 'a'. One end
of the rod is fixed and another end is free. If
the temperature of the rod is increased by
then
A. stress developed in the rod is
strain developed in the rod is aB. both stress and strain developed in the rod
are zero
13. A solid steel cube constrained on all six faces

is heated so that the temperature rises
uniformly by .T.If the thermal coefficient of
the material is a,young�s modulus is E and
the Poisson�s ratio is u
, the thermal stress
developed in the cube due to heating is
(...).
..a(...)..
A. �a
B. �
(......u) (......u)..a(...).. (...)..
C. �
D. � a
(......u)
..(......u)
14. A 200 mm long,

uniformly raised by
are 200 GPa and
E.. to E..
E1
E2
P
S
L/2
.
.. ..........
A.
B. ....
.. ..(
((......)
))...... ......
C. .
D. ..
...
....
[GATE-ME-13:1M]
16. Two threaded bolts A and B of same material

and length are subjected to identical tensile
load. If the elastic strain energy stored in bolt
A is 4 times that of bolt B and the mean
diameter of bolt A is 12 mm, the mean
diameter of bolt B in mm is
A. 16 B. 24
C. 36 D. 48
[GATE-ME-13:1M]
17. For a ductile material, toughness is a measure

[GATE-ME-13:1M]
.T,
Ea.T and.T
C. stress developed in
the rod is zero and
strain developed in the rods is a.T
D. stress developed in the rod is Ea.T and
strain developed in the rod is zero
[GATE-ME-14:2M]
19. A metallic rod of 500mm length and 50mm

diameter, when subjected to a tensile force of
100kN at the ends, experiences an increase in
its length by 0.5mm and a reduction in its
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-3
()........D. a(...)....(........)[GATE-ME-14:1M]
21. The stress-strain curve for mild steel is shown
in the figure given below. Choose the correct
option referring to both figure and table
Point on
graph
Description of the
Point
P 1. Upper yield point
Q 2. Ultimate tensile Strength
R 3. Proportionality Limit
S 4. Elastic Limit
T 5. Lower Yield Point
U 6. Failure
________
24. A rod is subjected to a uniaxial load within
linear elastic limit. When the change in the
stress is 200 MPa, the change in the strain is
0.001. If the Poisson�s ratio of the rod is 0.3
the modulus of rigidity in GPa is ____
25. The room-temperature stress (.)
curves of four materials P, Q, R and S are
shown in the figure below. The material that
behaves as a perfectly plastic material is
diameter by 0.015mm. The Poisson�s ratio of
the rod material is
[GATE-ME-14:1M]
20. A steel cube with all faces to deform, has

Young�s modulus, E, Poisson�s ratio, v, and
coefficient of thermal expansion, a.
The
pressure (hydrostatic stress) developed within
the cube, when it is subjected to a uniform
increase in temperature, .T, is given by
a.....
A. 0 B.
(...)..
C. �a
.......
A. P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4, T-5, U-6

B. P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2, T-6, U-5
C. P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-5, T-2, U-6
D. P-4, Q-1, R-5, S-2, T-3, U-6
[GATE-ME-14:1M]
22. If the Poisson�s ratio of an elastic material is

0.4, the ratio of modulus of rigidity to
Young�s modulus is ______
[GATE-ME-14:1M]
23. The number of independent elastic constants
required to define the stress-strain
Relationship for an isotropic elastic solid is
[GATE-ME-14:1M]
[GATE-ME-15:1M]
� strain (.)
A. P B. Q C. R D. S
[GATE-ME-15:1M]
26. A metallic bar of uniform cross-section with

..
specific weight of 100 kN/mis hung

vertically down. The length and Young�s
modulus of the bar are 100 m and 200 GPa,
-4

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respectively. The elongation of the bar, in mm,
due to its own weight is ___.
[GATE-ME-15:2M]
27. Consider the following statements:
P Hardness is the resistance of a material to
indentation.
Q Elastic modulus is a measure of ductility
R Deflection depends on stiffness.
S The total area under the stress-strain
curve is a measure of resilience.
Among the above statements, correct ones are
A. P and Q only B. Q and S only
C. P and R only D. R and S only
[GATE-ME-16:1M]
28. A beam is subjected to an inclined
concentrated load as shown in the figure
below. Neglect the weight of the beam.
The correct Free Body Diagram of the beam is
[GATE-ME-16:1M]
29. A horizontal bar with a constant cross-section
is subjected to loading as shown in the figure.
The Young�s moduli for the sections AB and
BC are 3E and E, respectively.
For the deflection at C to be zero, the ratio P/F
is ________
[GATE-ME-16:2M]
30. A hypothetical engineering stress-strain curve
shown in the figure has three straight lines PQ,
QR, RS with coordinates P (0,0), Q (0.2,100),
R (0.6, 140) and S (0.8, 130). �Q� is the yield
point, �R� is the UTS point and �S� the fracture
point.
The toughness of the material (in MJ/m..) is
______
[GATE-ME-16:2M]
31. In the figure, the load P = 1 N, length L = 1 m,
Young�s modulus E = 70 GPa, and the cross-
section of the links is a square with dimension
10 mm �10 mm. All joints are pin joints.
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
A B C
3E EP F
L L
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0 .8 1
0
20
40
6 0
80
1 00
1 20
1 40
1 60
P
Q
R S
0 .0
0.2, 100
0.6, 1 40
0.8, 130
E n gg. S train(% ) Engg. Stress(MPa)
L
L
P
C
A
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The stress (in Pa) in the link AB is _____
(Indicate compressive stress by a negative
sign and tensile stress by a positive sign)
[GATE-ME-16-2M]
32. A circular metallic rod of length 250 mm is
placed between two rigid immovable walls as
shown in the figure. The rod is in perfect
contact with the wall on the left side and there
is a gap of 0.2 mm between the rod and the
wall on the right side. If the temperature of the
rod is increased by 200..C, the axial stress
developed in the rod is ______ MPa.
Young�s modulus of the material of the rod is
200 GPa and the coefficient of thermal
expansion is 10....per oC.
[GATE-ME-16:2M]
33. A square plate of dimensions L �L is
subjected to a uniform pressure load P = 250
MPa on its edges as shown in the figure.
Assume plane stress conditions. The Young�s
modulus E = 200 GPa.
The deformed shape is a square of dimensionL-2d.If L = 2 m and d =0.001m, the
Poisson�s ratio of the plate material is
_______.
[GATE-ME-16:2M]
34. A steel bar is held by two fixed supports as
shown in the figure and is subjected to an
increase of temperature .T = 100 .. If the
coefficient of thermal expansion and Young�s
modulus of elasticity of steel are 11�10-6 / .and 200 GPa, respectively, the
magnitude of
thermal stress (in MPa) induced in the bar is
______________
[GATE-ME-17:2M]
35. A rod of length 20 mm is stretched to make a
rod of length 40 mm. Subsequently, it is
compressed to make a rod of final length 10
mm. Consider the longitudinal tensile strain as
positive and compressive strain as negative.
The total true longitudinal strain in the rod is
A. -0.5 B. -0.69
C. -0.75 D. -1.0
[GATE-ME-17:2M]
36. The Poisson�s ratio for a perfectly
incompressible linear elastic material is
A. 1 B. 0.5
C. 0 D. infinity
[GATE-ME-17:1M]
37. In the engineering stress-strain curve for mild
steel, the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
refers to
A. Yield stress B Proportional limit
C. Maximum stress D. Fracture stress
[GATE-ME-17:1M]
250 mm
0.2 mm

38. An initially stress-free massless elastic beam
of length L and circular cross-section with
diameter d (d<<L) is held fixed between two
walls as shown. The beam material has
Young�s modulus E and coefficient of thermal
expansion ...
If the beam is slowly and uniformly heated,
the temperature rise required to cause the
beam to buckle is proportional to
A. D B. d2 C. d3 D. d4
[GATE-ME-17:2M]
39. A point mass of 100 kg is dropped onto a
massless elastic bar (cross-sectional area =
100 m2, length = 1 m, Young�s modulus = 100
GPa) from a height H of 10 mm as shown
(Figure is not to scale). If g � 10 m/s2, the
maximum compression of the elastic bar is
__________mm.
[GATE-ME-17:2M]
40. A horizontal bar, fixed at one end (x = 0), has
a length of 1m, and cross-sectional area of 100
mm2. Its elastic modulus varies along its
length as given by E (x) = 100 e-x GPa, where
x is the length coordinate (in m) along the axis
of the bar. An axial tensile load of 10 kN is
applied at the free end (x = 1). The axial
displacement of the free end
___________mm.
[GATE-ME-17:2M]
41. In a linearly hardening plastic material, the
true stress beyond initial yielding
A. Increases linearly with the true strain
B. Decreases linearly with the true strain
C. First increases linearly and then decreases
linearly with the true strain
D. Remains constant
[GATE-ME-18:1M]
42. The true stress(..)-true strain (..) diagram of
strain hardening material is shown in figure.
First, there is loading up to point A, ie., up to
stress of 500 MPa and strain of 0.5. Then from
point A, there is unloading up to point B, i.e.,
to stress of 100 MPa. Given that the Young�s
modulus E = 200 GPa GPa, the natural strain
at point B (....)is _________(correct to three
decimal places).
[GATE-ME-18:2M]
43. A bar is compressed to half of its original
length. The magnitude of true strain produced
in the deformed bar is _________(corret to
two decimal places).
[GATE-ME-18:2M]
L
d
H=10mm
L=1 m
m = 100 kg
g
B
A
100
500
(MPa)
0.5 3 3B
is
-7
44. A bimetallic cylindryical bar of cross sectional

area 1 m2 is made by bonding steel (Yong�s
modulus = 210 GPa) and Aluminium
(Young�s modulus = 70 GPa) as shown in the
figure. To maintain tensile axial strain of
magnitude 10-6 in steel bar and compressive
axial strain of magnitude 10-6 in Aluminium
bar, the magnitude of the required force P(in
kN) along the indicated direction is
46. Hardenability of steel is a measure of
A. the ability to retain its harness when it
is heated to elevated temperatures
B. the depth to which required hardening
is obtained when it is austenitized and
then quenched
C. the
maximum hardness that can be
obtained when it is asustenitized and
then quenched
A. 70 B. 140
C. 210 D. 280
[GATE-ME-18:2M]
45. The true stress (in MPa) versus true strain
relationship for a metal is given by.. = 1020.......
The cross-sectional area at the start of a test
(when the stress and strain values are equal to
zero) is 100 mm2. The cross-sectional area at
the time of necking (in mm2) is
________(correct to two decimal places)
[GATE-ME-18:2M]
sheet are
A. (0.5,-0.5) B. (0.35,-0.15)C. (0.5,0.0) D. (0.5,-0.15)[GATE-ME-19:1M]
48. Consider the stress-strain curve for an ideal
elastic-plastic strain hardening metal as shown
in the figure. The metal was loaded in uniaxial
tension starting from O. Upon loading, the
stress-strain curve passes through initial yield
point at P, and then strain hardens to point Q,
where the loading was stopped. From point Q,
the specimen was unloaded to point R, where
the stress is zero. If the same specimen is
reloaded in tension from point R, the value of
stress at which the material yields again is
_____ MPa.
D. the ability to harden when it is cold
worked
[GATE-ME-19:1M]
47. Consider a linear elastic rectangular thin sheet

of metal, subjected to uniform uniaxial tensile
stress of 100 MPa along the length direction.
Assume plane stress conditions in the plane
normal to the thickness. The Young�s modulus..= 200...... and Poisson�s ratio .. =
0.3are
given. The principal strains in the plane of the
GATE-ME-19:1M]
-8
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49. A solid cube of side 1 m is kept at a room volumetric (mean) stress (in MPa)
induced
temperature of 32�... The coefficient of linear
due to heating is _____

thermal expansion of the cube material is 1�
[GATE-ME-19:1M]
..
10../�..and the bulk modulus is 200 GPa. If

the cube is constrained all around and heated
uniformly to 42�.., then the magnitude of
PREVIOUS GATE (CE) QUESTIONS
A. 0.25 B. 0.5
C. 0.75 D. 0.1
[GATE-CE-91:1M]
2. A cantilever beam of tubular section consists
of two materials, copper as outer cylinder and
steel as inner cylinder. It is subjected to a
temperature rise of 200C and ..............> .............
The stresses developed in the tubes will be
A. compression in steel and tension in copper
B. tension in steel and compression in
copper
C. no stress in both
D. tension in both the materials
[GATE-CE-91:1M]
3. The material that exhibits the same elastic
properties in all directions at a point is said to
The following statements are made based on
this diagram:
I. Material A is more brittle than material B.
II. The ultimate strength of material B is more
than that of A.
With reference to the above statements, which
of the following applies?
A. Both the statements are false
B. Both the statements are true
C. I is true but II is false
D. I is false but II is true.
1. The maximum value of Poisson�s ratio for an
elastic material is
be
A. homogeneous B. orthotropic
C. viscoelastic D. isotropic
[GATE-CE-95:1M]
4. The stress-strain diagram for two materials A

and B is shown below
[GATE-CE-00:1M]
5. The dimensions for the flexural rigidity of a

beam element in mass (M), length (L) and
time (T) is given by
A. MT-2 B. ML3T-2
C. ML-1T-2 D. ML-1T2
[GATE-CE-00:1M]
6. The shear modulus (G), modulus of elasticity

(E) and the Poisson�s ratio (v) of a material are
related as
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A. G = ..[..(......)] B. E = ..[..(......)]C. G = ..[..(......)] D. G = ..[..
(......)][GATE-CE-00:1M]
7. A bar of varying square cross-section is loaded
symmetrically as shown in the figure. Loads
shown are placed on one of the axes of
symmetry of cross-section. Ignoring self
weight, the maximum tensile stress in N/mm2
anywhere is
A. 16.0 B. 20.0
C. 25.0 D. 30.0
[GATE-CE-03:1M]
8. For linear elastic systems, the type of
displacement function for the strain energy is
A. linear B. quadratic
C. cubic D. quartic
[GATE-CE-04:1M]
9. The symmetry of stress tensor at a point in the
body under equilibrium is obtained from
A. conservation of mass
B. force equilibrium equations
C. moment equilibrium equations
D. conservation of energy
[GATE-CE-05:1M]
10. The components of strain tensor at a point in
the plane strain case can be obtained by
measuring longitudinal strain in following
directions
by
A. G = ....(.... ..)C. G = ..(........)
12. A metal bar of length 100
between two rigid supports and its temperature
is increased by 100C, If the coefficient of
thermal expansion is 12 �10-6 per 0C and the
Young�s modulus is 2 �105 MPa, the stress in
the bar is
A. zero
C. 24 MPa
13. A rigid bar is suspended by three rods made of
the same material. The area and length of the
central rod are 3A and L, respectively while
that of the two outer rods are 2A and 2L,
A. along any two arbitrary directions
B. along any three arbitrary directions
C. along two mutually orthogonal directions
D. along any arbitrary direction
[GATE-CE-05:1M]
11.
For an isotropic material, the relationship
between the Young�s modulus (E), shear
modulus (G) and Poisson�s ratio (..) is given
respectively. If a downward force of 50 kN is
applied to the rigid bar, the forces in the
central and each of the outer rods will be
A. 16.67 kN each
B. 30 kN and 15 kN
C. 30 kN and 10 kN
D. 21.4 kN and 14.3 kN
[GATE-CE-07:2M]
14. A mild steel specimen is under uniaxial tensile

stress. Young�s modulus and yield stress for
B. E =
..(...... ..)
D. G =
..(..........)
[GATE-CE-07:1M]
mm is inserted
B. 12 MPa
D. 2400 MPa
[GATE-CE-07:2M]
mild steel are 2 � 105 MPa and 250 MPa
respectively. The maximum amount of strain
energy per unit volume that can be stored in
this specimen without permanent set is
A. 156 Nmm/mm3 B. 15.6 Nmm/mm3

C. 1.56 Nmm/mm3 D. 0.156 Nmm/mm3
[GATE-CE-08:1M]
15. A vertical rod PQ of length L is fixed at its top

end P and has a flange fixed to the bottom end
Q. A weight W is dropped vertically from a
height h (<L) on to the flange. The axial stress
in the rod can be reduced by
A. increasing the length of the rod
B. decreasing the length of the rod
C. decreasing the area of cross-section of the
rod
D. increasing the modulus of elasticity of the
material.
[GATE-CE-08:2M]
for a linear elastic isotropic and homo-geneous
material is
A. 4 B. 3
C. 2 D. 1
[GATE-CE-10: 1 Mark]
17. The Poisson�s ratio is defined as
A. F = 56.389 kN and .. =28.280
B. F = -56.389 kN and .. = -28.280
C. F = 9.055 kN and .. = 1.4140
D. F = -9.055 kN and .. = -1.4140
[GATE-CE-14:2M]
20. The values of axial stress ( ..) in kN/m2,
bending moment (M) in kNm, and shear force
(V) in kN acting at point P for the arrangement
shown in the figure are respectively.
axial stress
A.
lateral stress
lateral stress
C.
axial stress
18. Creep strains are

lateral strain
B.
axial strain
axial strain
D.
lateral strain
[GATE-CE-12:1M]
A. caused due to dead load only
B. caused due to live load only
C. caused due to cyclic load only
D. independent of load
[GATE-CE-13:1M]
19.
A box of weight 100 kN shown in the figure
is to be lifted without swinging. If all forces
are coplanar, the magnitude and direction (..)of the force (F) with respect to x-
axis should
be
A. 1000, 75 and 25
B. 1250, 150 and 50
C. 150, 225 and 75
D. 1750, 300 and 100
[GATE-CE-14:2M]
ENGINEERS HUB
-11
21. For the state of stresses (in MPa) shown in the

figure below, the maximum shear stress (in
MPa) is _____.
A. 0.00 B. 0.25
C. 0.50 D. 1.00
[GATE-CE-16:2M]
L, uniform cross-
coefficient of thermal .,and Young�s modulus E is fixed
at the two ends. The temperature of the bar is ...
Keeping all other parameters unchanged, if the
length of one bar is doubled the axial stress
a load P =30 ..
B. 2 ..
____ mm.
D. 0.25 ..
[GATE-CE-17:1M]
elastic material and subjected to an axial load
[GATE-CE-15:2M]
23. An elastic isotropic body is in a hydrostatic

state of stress as show I the figure. For no
Segments 1 and 2 have cross-sectional area of
change in the volume to occur, what should be
100 m2 and 60 mm2, Young�s modulus of 2 �
its Poisson�s ratio?
105 MPa and 3 � 105 MPa, and length of 400
-12

ENGINEERS HUB
[GATE-CE-14:2M]
22. A tapered circular rod of diameter varying
from 20 mm to 10 mm is connected to another
uniform circular rod of diameter 10mm as
shown in the following figure. Both bars are
made of same material with the modulus of
elasticity E = 2 �105 MPa. When subjected to
kN, the deflection at point A is
24. An elastic bar length
sectional area A,
expansion ..
increased by T, resulting in an axial stress
would be
A. .. C. 0.5 ..
25. Consider the stepped bar made with a linear
of 1 kN, as shown in the figure.
mm and 900 mm, respectively. The stain energy

(in N-mm up to one decimal place) in the bar
due to the axial load is _______
[GATE-CE-17:2M]
26. In a material under a state of plane stain, a 10�10 mm square centered at a
point gets
deformed as shown in the figure.
If the shear stain ......at the point is expressed as
0.001 k (in rad), the value of k is
A. 0.50 B. 0.25
C. -0.25 D. -0.50
[GATE-CE-17:1M]
Assume the yield stress of steel as 250 MPa.
The complementary strain energy (in N-mm)
stored in the bar up to its linear elastic behavior
will be _____
[GATE-CE-17:2M]
28. The deformation in concrete due to sustained
loading is
A. creep B. hydration
C. segregation D. shrinkage
[GATE-CE-18:2M]
PREVIOUS ESE (ME) QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is true (..= Poisson�s
ratio)
A. 0 <..<1/2 B. 1 < ..< 0
C. 1 < ..< -1 D. �..< ..< ..[ESE-ME-92]
2. Select the proper sequence
1. Proportional Limit 2. Elastic limit
3. Yielding 4. Failure
A. 2,3,1,4 B. 2,1,3,4
C. 1.3.2,4 D. 1,2,3,4
[ESE-ME-92]
3. A vertical hanging bar of length L and
weighing w N/unit length carries a load W at
the bottom. The tensile force in the bar at a
distance y from the support will be given by
A. W+ wL B. W+ w (L-y)
D. W+ ....(..-..)[ESE-ME-92]
27. A 2m long, axially loaded mild steel rod of 8
mm diameter exhibits the load-displacement
(P-..) behavior as sown in the figure.
C. (W+w)y/L
4. The temperature stress is a function of
1. Coefficient of linear expansion
2. Temperature rise
3. Modulus of elasticity
A. 1and2 only B. 1and 3 only
C. 2and 3 only D. 1,2 and 3
[ESE-ME-92]
ENGINEERS HUB
-13
5. When ..and Young�s Modulus of Elasticity E

remains constant, the energy-absorbing
capacity of part subject to dynamic forces is a
function of its
A. Length B. cross-section
C. Volume D. none of the above
[ESE-ME-92]
6. A steel rod of 1 sq. cm. cross sectional area is

100 cm long and has a Young�s modulus of
elasticity 2�106 kgf/cm2. If is subjected to an
rod will be
A. 0.05cm
C. 0.15 cm
A.
Ductility
B. Toughness
C. Endurance limit
List-II (tests)
1.
Impact
2.
Fatigue test
3.
Tension
4.
Hardness test
Codes:
ABCD
A.
3 2 1 4
B.
4 2 1 3
C.
3 1 2 4
D.
4 1 2 3
[ESE-ME-93]
axial pull of 2000 kgf. The elongation of the

B. 0.1cm
D. 0.20cm
[ESE-ME-93]
7. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-I (Material properties)
D. Resistance to penetration
having a length �L� subjected to a tensile load
�P� and tapering uniformly from a diameter d1
at one end to a diameter d2 at the other end, is
given
A. P.L / 4Ed1.d2
C. PL/4E (d1.d2)
10. The total extension of the bar loaded as shown
in the figure is
A = area of cross-section
E = modulus of elasticity
A. ....�........
8. If the value of Poisson�s ratio is zero then it
means that
A.
The material is rigid
B. There
is no longitudinal strain in the
material
C. The material is perfectly plastic
D.
The longitudinal strain in the material is
infinite
[ESE-ME-94]
9. The stretch in a steel rod of circular section,

B. PL.../E.d1d2
D. 4P.L/......d1.d2
[ESE-ME-95]
....�....
B.
......�........�....
C.
D.
...
...
[ESE-ME-95]
11. If Poisson�s ratio for a material is 0.5, then the

elastic modulus for the material is
A. Three times its shear modulus
B. Four times its shear modulus
C. Equal to its shear modulus
D. Indeterminate
[ESE-ME-95]
-14

ENGINEERS HUB
[ESE-ME-97]
13. Match List-I (Elastic properties of an isotropic
elastic material) with List-II (Nature of strain
produced) and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the Lists:
to a 100.rise in temperature will be
A. 6�10-10 kgf/cm2
C. 2.4 �103 kgf/cm2
16. For a composite bar
enclosed inside a tube of another material and
when compressed under a load �W� as a whole
through rigid collars at the end of the bar. The
equation of compatibility is given by (suffixes
1 and 2 refer to bar and tube respectively)
A. W1 + W2 = W
C. ............= ............
17. A tapering bar (diameters of end sections
being d1 and d2) and a bar of uniform cross-
section �d� have the
[ESE-ME-97]
13. Match List-I (Elastic properties of an isotropic
elastic material) with List-II (Nature of strain
produced) and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the Lists:
to a 100.rise in temperature will be
A. 6�10-10 kgf/cm2
C. 2.4 �103 kgf/cm2
16. For a composite bar
enclosed inside a tube of another material and
when compressed under a load �W� as a whole
through rigid collars at the end of the bar. The
equation of compatibility is given by (suffixes
1 and 2 refer to bar and tube respectively)
A. W1 + W2 = W
C. ............= ............
17. A tapering bar (diameters of end sections
being d1 and d2) and a bar of uniform cross-
section �d� have the
12. A bar of uniform cross-section of one sq.cm is
subjected to a set of five forces as shown in
the given figure, resulting in its equilibrium.
The maximum tensile stress (in kgf/cm2)
produced in the bar is
A. 1 B. 2 C. 10 D. 11
List-I
a. Young�s modulus
b. Modulus of rigidly
c. Bulk modulus
d. Poisson�s ratio
List-II
1. Shear strain
2. Normal strain
3. Transverse strain
4. Volumetric strain
Codes:
ab cd
A. 12 34
B. 21 34
C.21 43
D. 12 43
[ESE-ME-97]
14. The relationship between the Lami�s constant

�..�, Young�s modules �E� and the Poisson�s
ratio �..� is
...
....
A. ..= (......)(........)
B. ..= (........)(........)
C. ..= ...
D. ..= ....
(......)
(......)
[ESE-ME-97]
15. A 10 cm long and 5 cm diameter steel rod first

snugly between two rigid walls 10 cm apart at
room temperature. Young�s modulus of
elasticity and coefficient of linear expansion
of steel are 2�106 kgf/cm2 and 12�10-6/ .
respectively. The stress developed in rod due
B. 6�10-9 kgf/cm2
D. 6�104 kgf/cm2
[ESE-ME-97]
consisting of a bar
B.W1+W2 = constant
...
....
D. .......
= .......
[ESE-ME-98]
same length and are
subjected to the same axial pull. Both the bars
will have the same extension if �d� is equal to
A. ...........
B. .........
C. ...........
D. .............
[ESE-ME-98]

required to express the stress-strain
-15

B. One-fourth
D. Double
[ESE-ME-98]
20. A slender bar of 100 mm2 cross-section is
subjected to loading as shown in the below
figure. If the modulus of elasticity is taken as
200 � 109 Pa, then the elongation produced in
B. 5mm
D. Nil
[ESE-ME-98]
21. If the rod is fitted snugly between the supports
as shown in the figure, is heated, the stress
induced in it due to 20. rise in temperature
, E = 200GPa)
B. -0.07945 MPa
D. 0.03972 MPa
[ESE-ME-99]
22. The number of elastic constants for a
completely anisotropic elastic material is
A. 3 B. 4
C. 21 D. 25
[ESE-ME-99]
23. VVA bar of length L and of uniform cross-
section area A and second moment of area I is
subjected to a pull P. If Young�s modulus of
elasticity of the bar is E, the expression for
strain energy stored in the bar will be............... B. ............
C. .......... D. .......... [ESE-ME-99]
24. A rod of material with E = 200�10.. MPa and .. =10-3 mm/mm. is fixed at both
the ends. It
is uniformly heated such that the increase in
temperature is 30. . The stress developed in
the rod is
A. 6000 N/mm2 (tensile)
B. 6000 N/mm2 (compressive)
C. 2000 N/mm2 (tensile)
D. 2000 N/mm2 (compressive)
[ESE-ME-00]
25. Assertion (A): Poisson�s ratio of a material is
a measure of change in dimension in one
direction due to loading in the perpendicular
direction.
Reason (R): the nature of lateral strain in a
uniaxially loaded member is opposite to that
of linear strain.
[ESE-ME-00]
26. The Poisson�s ratio of a material which has
Young�s modulus of 120 GPa and shear
modulus of 50 GPa, is
A. 0.1 B. 0.2
relationship for a linearly elastic-isotropic
material is
A. One B. Two
C. Three D. Four
[ESE-ME-98]
19. The deformation of a bar under its own weight

as compared to that when subjected to a direct
axial load equal to its own weight will be
A. The same
C. Half
the bar will be
A. 10mm
C. 1mm
will be(.. = 12.5 �10-6/.
A. 0.07945 MPa
C. -0.03972 MPa

C. 0.3 D. 0.4
[ESE-ME-01]
Thermal stress is induced in a component in
general, when
1. A temperature gradient exists in the
component
2. The component is free from any resistant
3. It is restrained to expand or contract freely
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3
C. 3 alone D. 2 alone
28. A straight bar is fixed at edges A and B. Its
elastic modulus is E and cross-section is A.
there is a load P = 120 N acting at C.
Determine the reactions at the ends.
A. 60 N at A, 60 N at B
B. 30 N at A, 90 N at B
C. 40 N at A, 80 N at B
D. 80 N at A, 40 N at B
[ESE-ME-02]
29. For a given material, the modulus of rigidity is
100 GPa and Poisson�s ratio is 0.25, the value
of modulus of modulus of elasticity in GPa is
A. 125 B. 150
C. 200 D. 250
[ESE-ME-02]
30. A rigid beam of negligible weight is supported
in a horizontal position by two rods of steel
and Aluminium, 2 m and 1 m long having
values of cross-sectional areas 1 cm2 and 2
cm2 and E of 200 GPa and 100 GPa
respectively. A load P is applied as shown in
the figure.
If the rigid beam is to remain horizontal then
A. The forces on both sides should be equal
B. The force on Aluminium rod should be
twice the force on steel
C. The force on the steel rod should be twice
the force on Aluminium
D. The force P must be applied at the centre
of the beam
[ESE-ME-02]
31. Strain energy stored in a body of volume V
subjected to uniform stress is
A. ......B. ........C. ....../..D. ....../2..[ESE-ME-02]
32. A cube having each side of length a, is
constrained in all directions and is heated
uniformly so that the temperature is raised to
T0C. If ..is the thermal coefficient of
expansion of the cube material and E is the
modulus of elasticity, the stress developed in
the cube is
A. ..TE/2..B. ..TE/(1-2..)
C. ..TE/2..D. ..TE/(1+2..)
[ESE-ME-03]
33. Toughness for mild steel under uniaxial
tensile loading is given by the shaded portion
of the stress-strain diagram as shown in
B. 125GN/m2
D. 320 GN/m2
[ESE-ME-04]
the following is correct in
respect of Poisson�s ratio ( ..) limits for an
B. � = .. = .... D. -1/2 = .. = 1/2 [ESE-ME-04]
length L tapers uniformly from
diameter 1.1 D at one end to 0.9 D at the other
elongation due to axial pull is
computed using mean diameter D. What is the
approximate error in computed elongation?
39. If E, G and K denote
Modulus of rigidity
respectively for an elastic material, then which
one of the following can be possibly true?
A. G = 2K
C. K = E
1. Strength of steel increases with Carbon
content
2. Young�s modulus of steel increases with
carbon content
3. Young�s modulus
unchanged with
content.
Which of the statements given above is/are
[ESE-ME-03]
34. The modulus of elasticity for a material is 200

GN/m2 and Poisson�s ratio is 0.25. What is
the modulus of rigidity?
A. 80 GN/m2
C. 250 GN/m2
35. Which one of
isotropic elastic solid?
A. -8=..=8
C. -1 =..=1/3
36. A bar of
end. The
A. 10% B. 5%
C. 1% D. 0.5%
[ESE-ME-04]
37. A bar of copper and steel form a composite

system. They are heated to a temperature of
40. . What type of stress is induced in the
copper bar?
A. Tensile
B. Compressive
C. Both tensile and compressive
D. Shear
[ESE-ME-04]
38. A cube with a side length of 1 cm is heated
uniformly 1 . above the room temperature
and all the sides are free to expand. What will
be the increase in volume of the cube? (Given
..
coefficient of thermal expansion is �......... )
A. 3.. cm3 B. 2.. cm3

C. .. cm3 D. zero
[ESE-ME-04]
Young�s modulus,
and bulk modulus,
B. G= E
D. G = K=E
[ESE-ME-05]
of steel
variation of
remains
carbon
correct?
A. 1 only
C. 1 and 2
B. 2 only
D. 1 and 3
[ESE-ME-05]
41. A solid uniform metal bar of diameter D and

length �L� is hanging vertically from its upper
end. The elongation of the bar due to self
weight is:
-18

ENGINEERS HUB
and homogeneous material. To express the
relations completely for this
must be known
must be known
C. Any two of the four must be known
D. All the four must be known
[ESE-ME-06]
43. A metal rod is rigidly fixed at its both ends.
The temperature of the rod is increased by
If the coefficient of linear expansion
elastic modulus of the metal rod are
and 200 GPa respectively, then
what is the stress produced in the rod?
A. 3:2
C. 4:9
46. An orthotropic material, under plane stress
condition will have:
A. 15 independent elastic constants
B. 4 independent elastic constants
C. 5 independent elastic constants
D. 9 independent elastic constants
47. What is the strain energy stored in a body of
volume V with stress
applied load?
A. ......C. ........
and homogeneous material. To express the
relations completely for this
must be known
must be known
C. Any two of the four must be known
D. All the four must be known
[ESE-ME-06]
43. A metal rod is rigidly fixed at its both ends.
The temperature of the rod is increased by
If the coefficient of linear expansion
elastic modulus of the metal rod are
and 200 GPa respectively, then
what is the stress produced in the rod?
A. 3:2
C. 4:9
46. An orthotropic material, under plane stress
condition will have:
A. 15 independent elastic constants
B. 4 independent elastic constants
C. 5 independent elastic constants
D. 9 independent elastic constants
47. What is the strain energy stored in a body of
volume V with stress
applied load?
A. ......C. ........
A. Proportional
to L and inversely
proportional to D2
B. Proportional
to L2 and inversely
proportional to D2
C. Proportional of L but independent of D
D. Proportional of L2 but independent of D
[ESE-ME-05]
42. E,G,K and .

represent the elastic modulus,
shear modulus, bulk modulus and Poisson�s
ratio respectively of a linearly elastic, isotropic
stress-strain
material, at least
A. E,G and ..
B. E,K and ..
100.
.
and
10 �10-6/ .
A. 100 MPa (tensile)

B. 200 MPa (tensile)
C. 200 MPa (compressive)
D. 100 MPa (compressive)
[ESE-ME-06]
44.
In a tensile test, near the elastic limit zone
A. Tensile stress increases at a faster rate
B. Tensile stress decreases at a faster rate
C. Tensile
stress increases in linear
proportion to the stress
D. Tensile
stress decreases in linear
proportion to the stress
[ESE-ME-06]
45. Two tapering bars of the same material are

subjected to a tensile load P. the lengths of
both the bars are the same. The larger diameter
of each of the bar is D. the diameter of the bar
A at its smaller end is D/2 and that of the bar
B is D/3. What is the ratio of elongation of the
bar A to that of the bar B?
B. 2 :3
D. 1:3
[ESE-ME-06]
[ESE-ME-06]
.
due to gradually
.....
B.
.
.....
D.
...
Where, E = Modulus of Elasticity
[ESE-ME-06]
48. Which one of the following expresses the total

elongation of a bar of length L with a constant
cross-section of A and modulus of Elasticity E
hanging vertically and subject to its own
weight W?
...
....
A.
B.
...
.....
.....
C.
.......
D. .....
-19
B. Creeping
D. Breaking
[ESE-ME-07]
of the following statements is
If a material expands freely due to heating, it
B. tensile stress
D. no stress
[ESE-ME-07]
What is the relationship between the linear
Young�s modulus (E),
rigidity modulus (G) and bulk modulus (K)?
B. ....
=....+....D. ....
=....+....
[ESE-ME-08]
material, if the Poisson�s ratio is 0.3.
A.100 GPa
C. 200 GPa
56. A steel specimen 150 mm2
stretches by 0.05 mm over a 50 mm gauge
length under an axial load of 30 kN. What is
the strain energy stored in the specimen?
(Take E = 200 GPa)
A. 0.75 N-m
C. 1.50 N-m
57. Assertion (A): A cast-iron specimen shall fail
due to shear when subjected to a compressive
load.
Reason (R): shear strength of cast-iron in
B. Creeping
D. Breaking
[ESE-ME-07]
of the following statements is
If a material expands freely due to heating, it
B. tensile stress
D. no stress
[ESE-ME-07]
What is the relationship between the linear
Young�s modulus (E),
rigidity modulus (G) and bulk modulus (K)?
B. ....
=....+....D. ....
=....+....
[ESE-ME-08]
material, if the Poisson�s ratio is 0.3.
A.100 GPa
C. 200 GPa
56. A steel specimen 150 mm2
stretches by 0.05 mm over a 50 mm gauge
length under an axial load of 30 kN. What is
the strain energy stored in the specimen?
(Take E = 200 GPa)
A. 0.75 N-m
C. 1.50 N-m
57. Assertion (A): A cast-iron specimen shall fail
due to shear when subjected to a compressive
load.
Reason (R): shear strength of cast-iron in
[ESE-ME-06]
49. If the ratio G/E (G = Rigidity modulus, E =

Young�s modulus of elasticity) is 0.4, then
what is the value of the Poisson ratio?
A. 0.20 B. 0.25
C. 0.30 D. 0.33
[ESE-ME-07]
50. What is the phenomenon of progressive
extension of the material i.e., strain increasing

with the time at a constant load, called?
A. Plasticity
C. Yielding
51. Which one
correct?
will develop
A. Thermal stress
C. compressive stress
52.
elastic properties
......
A. ..=
..+
.
C. ....
=
....+
....
53. A 100 mm �5 mm �5 mm steel bar free to
expand is heated from 15 �to 40�C. What
shall be developed?
A. Tensile stress
B. Compressive stress
C. Shear stress
D. No stress
[ESE-ME-08]
54. What is the relationship between elastic

constants E, G and K?
A. ..=
...
B. E= ......
.......
...........
......
C. ..=
.......
D. E = .......
[ESE-ME-09]
55. A bar produces a lateral strain of magnitude 60
�10...
m/m, when subjected to tensile
stress of magnitude 300 MPa along the axial
direction. Find the elastic modulus of the
B. 150 GPa
D. 400 GPa
[ESE-ME-09]
in cross section
B. 1.00 N-m
D. 3.00 N-m
[ESE-ME-09]
compression is more than half its compressive

strength
[ESE-ME-10]
58. A prismatic bar, as shown in figure is

supported between rigid supports. The support
reactions will be:
-20

D. 0.5
[ESE-ME-11]
60. If a rod expands freely due to heating it will
[ESE-ME-11]
61. What are the materials which show direction
dependent properties, called?
A. Homogeneous materials
[ESE-ME-11]
64. A rod of length L tapers uniformly from a
diameter D at one end to a diameter d at the
other. The Young�s modulus of the material is
E. the extension caused by a axial load P is
A. ........(..........).. C. ..............
system which is heated through a temperature
of 40. . The stress induced in the copper bar
is
A. Tensile
B. Compressive
D. Shear
D. 0.5
[ESE-ME-11]
60. If a rod expands freely due to heating it will
[ESE-ME-11]
61. What are the materials which show direction
dependent properties, called?
A. Homogeneous materials
[ESE-ME-11]
64. A rod of length L tapers uniformly from a
diameter D at one end to a diameter d at the
other. The Young�s modulus of the material is
E. the extension caused by a axial load P is
A. ........(..........).. C. ..............
system which is heated through a temperature
of 40. . The stress induced in the copper bar
is
A. Tensile
B. Compressive
D. Shear
....
....A. RA= kN and RB= kN

............
B. RA= kN and RB= kN

....
C. RA=10 kN and RB=10kN

D. RA=5 knandRB= 5Kn
[ESE-ME-11]
59. If a piece of material neither expands nor

contracts in volume when subjected to stress,
then the Poisson�s ratio must be:
A. Zero B. 0.25
C. 0.33
develop:
A. Bending stress
B. Thermal stress
C. No stress
D. Compressive stress
B. Viscoelastic materials
C. Isotropic materials
D. Anisotropic materials
62. An elastic material of Young�s modulus E and
Poisson�s ratio .. is subjected to a
compressive stress of .... in the longitudinal
direction. Suitable lateral compressive stressare also applied along the other two
lateral
directions to limit the net strain in each of
lateral directions to half of the magnitude that
would be under ..acting alone. The
magnitude of .... is ..
....
....
A. ..(......).... B. ..(......)....
C. (........).... D. (........)....
[ESE-ME-12]
63. A copper rod 400mm long is pulled in tension

to a length of 401.2 mm by applying a tensile
load of 330 MPa. If the deformation is entirely
elastic, they Young�s modulus of copper is
A.110GPa B. 110 MPa
C. 11GPa D. 11MPa
[ESE-ME-12]
.. ......
B. ....
(......)........
D.
........
[ESE-ME-12]
[ESE-ME-12]
66. Elastic limit of cast iron as compared to its

ultimate breaking strength is
A. Half
B. Double
C. Approximately same
D. None of the above
[ESE-ME-12]

-21
67. A circular bar L m long and d m in diameter is

subjected to tensile force of F kN. Then the
strain energy, U will be
(where, E is the modulus of elasticity in
kN/m2)
..............
A. .. . B. .. .
...... ......................
C. .. . D. .. .
...... ......
[ESE-ME-12]
68. In the arrangement as shown in the figure, the

respectively. Then:
1. Elasticity modulus is nearly 200 GPa

2. Poisson�s ratio is nearly 0.3
3. Elasticity modulus is nearly 158 GPa
4. Poisson�s ratio is nearly 0.25
Which of these statements are correct?
A.1 and3 B. 2and4
C. 1and 4 D. 2and 3
[ESE-ME-13]
stepped steel bar ABC is loaded by a load P.

The material has Young�s modulus E = 200
GPa and the two portions AB and BC have
area of cross section 1 cm2 and 2 Cm2
respectively. The magnitude of load P required
to fill up the gap of 0.75 mm is:
A. 10 kN B. 15 kN
C. 20 kN D. 25 Kn
[ESE-ME-13]
Modulus of rigidity and bulk modulus of a
material are found to be 60 GPa and 140 GPa
C. 1 and 3 D. 1 and 4
[ESE-ME-13]
71. In a body, thermal stress is induced because of
the existence of:
A. Latent heat
B. Total heat
C. Temperature gradient
D. Specific heat
[ESE-ME-13]
72. A hole of diameter d is to be punched in a
plate of thickness t. for the plate material, the
maximum crushing stress is 4 times the
maximum allowable shearing stress. For
punching the biggest hole, the ratio of
diameter of hole to plate thickness should be
equal to:
70. A 16 mm diameter bar elongates by 0.04%
under a tensile force of 16 kN. The average
decrease in diameter is found to be 0.01%.
Then:
1. E=210 GPa and G=77GPa
2. E=199 GPa and .. = 0.25
3. E=199 GPa and .. = 0.30
4. E=199 GPa and G=80GPa
Which of these values are correct?
A.3 and4 B. 2and 4
A.1/4 B. 1/2
C. 1 D. 2
[ESE-ME-13]
73. The modulus of rigidity and the bulk modulus

of a material are found as 70 GPa and 150
GPa respectively. Then
1. Elasticity modulus is 200 GPa
2. Poisson�s ratio is 0.22
3. Elasticity modulus is 182 GPa
-22

4. Poisson�s ratio is 0.3
Which of the above statements are correct?
A.1 and2 B. 1and4
C. 2and 3 D. 3and 4
[ESE-ME-14]
74. A steel rod, 2 m long, is held between two

walls and heated from 20. to 60. . Young�s
modulus and coefficient of linear expansion of
the rod material are 200�10.. MPa and 10� 10-6/. respectively. The stress induced
in the
76. An Aluminium bar of 8 m length and a steel
bar of 5 mm longer in length are kept at 30. .
If the ambient temperature is raised gradually,
at what temperature the Aluminium bar will
elongate 5 mm longer than the steel bar (the
linear expansion coefficients for steel and
Aluminium are 12�10-6/. and 23�10../. respectively)?
..
A. 50.74. B. 69.0.
rod, if walls yield by 0.2 mm, is
A. 60 MPa tensile
B. 80 MPa tensile
C. 80 MPa compressive
D. 60 MPa compressive
[ESE-ME-14]
75. A tension member of square cross-section of
side 10 mm and Young�s modulus E is to be
replaced by another member of square cross-
section of same length but Young�s modulus
E/2. The side of the new square cross-section,
required to maintain the same elongation
under the same load, is nearly
A. 14 mm B. 17 mm
C. 8 mm D. 5 mm
[ESE-ME-14]
A. 4 B. 3
C. 2 D. 1
[ESE-ME-14]
78. A hole of diameter 35 mm is to be punched in
a sheet metal of thickness t and ultimate shear
strength 400 MPa, using punching force of 44
kN. The maximum value of t is
A. 0.5 mm B. 10mm
C. 1mm D. 2mm
[ESE-ME-14]
79. A copper rod of 2 cm diameter is completely
encased in a steel tube of inner diameter 2 cm
and outer diameter 4 cm. Under an axial load,
the stress in the steel tube is 100 N/mm2. If Es
= 2Ec, then the stress in the copper rod is
A. 50 N/mm2 B. 33.33 N/mm2
C. 143.7. D. 33.7.
[ESE-ME-14]
77. A rod of length l tapers uniformly from a

diameter D at one end to a diameter D/2 at the
other end and is subjected to an axial load P. A
second rod of length l and of uniform diameter
D is subjected to an axial load P. Both the rods
are of same material with Young�s modulus of
elasticity E. the ratio of extension of the first
rod to that of the second rod is
C. 100 N/mm2 D. 300 N/mm2
[ESE-ME-15]
80. The figure shows a steel piece of diameter

20mm atAandC, and 10 mmat B. the
lengths of three sections A, B and C are each
equal to 20 mm. the piece is held between two
rigid surfaces X and Y.
.. = 1.2�10-5/. and young�s modulus
E =2�10-5 MPa for steel:
-23
When the temperature of this piece increases
by 50. , the stresses in A and B are
A. 120 MPa and 480 MPa
B. 60 MPa and 240 MPa
C. 120 MPa and 120 MPa
D. 60 MPa and 120 MPa
[ESE-ME-15]
81. For a material following Hooke�s law, the
value of elastic and shear Moduli are 3�105
MPa and ......1.2�10.. MPa respectively.
The value for bulk modulus is
A. 1.5�10........ B. 2�10.. ...... C.2.5�10........ D.3�10........ [ESE-ME-15]
82. At a point in body, .... = 0.0004 and .... = -
0.00012. If E = 2�105 MPa and .. = 0.3, the
smallest normal stress and the largest shearing
stress are
A. 40 MPa and 40 MPa
B. 0 MPa and 40 MPa
C. 80 MPa and 0 MPa
D. 0 MPa and 80 MPa
[ESE-ME-15]
83. A steel rod of cross-sectional area 10 mm2 is
subjected to load at points P,Q.R and S as
shown in the figure below:
If Esteel = 200 GPa, the total change in length
of the rod due to loading is
A. -5.... B. -10.. m
C. -20 .... D. -25 ..m
[ESE-ME-16]
84. A circular steel rod of 20 cm2 cross-sectional
area and 10 m length is heated through 50. with ends clamped before heating. Given,
E =
200 GPa and coefficient of thermal expansion,.. -= 10 �10..../. , the thrust
thereby
generated on the clamp is
A. 100 kN B. 150 kN
C. 200 kN D. 250 kN
[ESE-ME-16]
85. Two steel rods of identical length and material
properties are subjected to equal axial loads.
The first rod is solid with diameter d and the
second is a hollow one with external diameter
D and internal diameter 50% of D. If the two
rods experience equal extensions, the ratio of ....
is
A. .... B. v.... C. .... D. .... [ESE-ME-16]
86. A steel rod 10m long is at a temperature of
20. . The rod is heated to a temperature of
60. . What is the stress induced in the rod if it
is allowed to expand by 4 mm, when E = 200
GPa and .. = 12�10..../. ?
A. 64 MPa B. 48 MPa
C. 32 MPa D. 16 MPa
[ESE-ME-16]
87. An isotropic elastic material is characterized
by

A. Two independent moduli of elasticity
along two mutually perpendicular
directions.
B. Two independent moduli of elasticity
along two mutually perpendicular
directions and Poisson�s ratio.
C. A modulus of elasticity, a modulus of
rigidity and Poisson�s ratio.
D. Any two out of a modulus of elasticity, a
modulus of rigidity and Poisson�s ratio.
[ESE-ME-16]
88. Measured mechanical properties of material
are same in a particular direction at each point.
This property of the material is known as
A. Isotropy B. homogeneity
C. orthotropy D. anisotropy
[ESE-ME-16]
89. The strain energy per unit volume of a round
bar under uniaxial tension with axial stress ..and modulus of elasticity E is
A. ......B. ........C. ........D. ........[ESE-ME-16]
90. The modulus of rigidity of an elastic material
is found to be 38.5% of the value of its
Young�s modulus. The poisson�s ratio ..of the
material is nearly:
A. 0.28 B. 0.30
C. 0.33 D. 0.35
[ESE-ME-17]
91. A bar produces a lateral strain of magnitude
60�10....when subjected to a tensile stress
of magnitude 300 MPa along the axial
direction. What is the elastic modulus of the
material if the poisson�s ratio is 0.3?
A. 200 GPa B. 150 GPa
C. 125 GPa D. 100 GPa
[ESE-ME-17]
92. Which one of the following statements is
correct?
A. The strain produced per unit volume is
called resilience.
B. The maximum strain produced per unit
volume is called proof resilience.
C. The least strain energy stored in a unit
volume volume is called proof resilience
D. The greatest strain energy stores in a unit
volume of a material without permanent
deformation is called proof resilience.
[ESE-ME-17]
93. A 10 mm diameter bar of mild steel of elastic
modulus 200�10..Pa is subjected to a tensile
load of 50000 N, taking it just beyond its yield
point. The elastic recovery of strain that would
occur upon removal of tensile load will be
A. 1.38�10....B. 2.68 �10....C. 3.38�10....D. 4.62 �10....[ESE-ME-17]
94. Which of the following properties will be the
meaningful indicator/indicators of uniform
rate of elongation of a test piece of a structural
material before necking happens in the test
piece?
1. Ductility 2. Toughness
3. Hardness
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
A. 1 only B. 2 only
C. 3 only D. 1,2 and 3
[ESE-ME-17]
95. The resilience of steel can be found by

integrating stress-strain curve up to the
A. Ultimate fracture point
B. Upper yield point
C. Lower yield point
D. Elastic point
[ESE-ME-18]
96. A rigid beam of negligible weight is supported

in a horitizontal position by two rods of steel
and aluminium, 2 m and 1 m long, having
D. The forces
on both the rods should be
equal
[ESE-ME-18]
97. Rails are laid such that there will be no stress

in them at 24. . If the rails are 32 m long with
an expansion allowance of 8 mm per rail,
coefficient of linear expansion .. = 11� 10..../. and ..= 205......,the stress in
the
rails at 80. will be nearly
values of cross sectional areas 100 mm2 and
200 mm2, and young�s modulus of 200 GPa
and 100 GPa, respectively. A load P is applied
as shown in the figure below:
If the rigid is to remain horizontal then
A. The force P must be applied at the centre
of the beam
B. The force on the steel rod should be twice
the force on the aluminium rod
C. The force on the aluminium rod should be
twice the force on the steel rod
will be nearly
A. 29.7 mm B. 25.6 mm
C. 21.5 mm D. 17.4 mm
[ESE-ME-19]
99. In a propeller shaft, sometimes apart from
bending and twisting, end thrust will also
develop stresses which would be
A. Tensile in nature and uniform over the
cross-section
B. Compressive in nature and uniform over
the cross-section
C. Tensile in nature and non-uniform over the
cross-section
D. Compressive in nature and non-uniform
over the cross-section
[ESE-ME-19]
P
1m Aluminium
2m Steel
Rigid beam
A. 68 MPa B. 75 MPa
C. 83 MPa D. 90 MPa
[ESE-ME-19]
98. The loads acting a 3 mm diameter bar at

different points are as shown in the figure:
If E = 205 GPa, the total elongation of the bar
100. A cylindrical specimen of steel having an

original diameter of 12.8 mm is tensile tested
to fracture and found to have engineering
fracture strength .... of 460 MPa. If its cross-
sectional diameter at fracture is 10.7 mm, the
true stress at fracture will be
A. 660 MPa B. 645 MPa
C. 630 MPa D. 615. MPa
[ESE-ME-19]
-26

101. A copper piece originally 305 mm long is A. 0.43 mm B. 0.54 mm

pulled in tension with a stress of 276. MPa. If C. 0.65 mm D. 0.77 mm
the deformation is entirely elastic and the [ESE-ME-19]
modulus of elasticity is 110 GPa, the resultant
elongation will be nearly
PREVIOUS ESE (CE) QUESTIONS
1. The stress-strain curve for an ideally plastic

material is
[ESE-CE-95]
2. The stress level, below which a material has a
high probability of not failing under reversal of
stress, is known as
A. elastic limit B. endurance limit
C. proportional limit D. tolerance limit
[ESE-CE-95]
3. When a mild-steel specimen fails in a torsion
test fracture looks like
[ESE-CE-95]
4. Given that for an element in a body of
homogeneous isotropic material subjected to
change of the element is given by
A. x y ze + e + e B. x y ze + (e + e ) .
C. x y z(e + e + e ) .D.
x
1 1 1
e e ey z
..
[ESE-CE-95]
5. A solid metal bar of uniform diameter D and
length L is hung vertically from a ceiling. If
the density of the material of the bar is . and
the modulus of elasticity is E, then the total
elongation of the bar due to its own weight is
A. .L
2E
B.
2.L2E
C. .E
2L
D. 2
.E
2L
[ESE-CE-95]
6. A rigid beam ABCD is hinged at D and
-27 -
plane stresses, .
,.
and .
are normal strains
xy z
in x, y and z direction respectively and� is the
Poisson�s ratio, the magnitude of unit volume
supported by two springs at A and B as shown

in the given figure. The beam carries a vertical
load P at C. The stiffness of spring at A is 2k
and that of B isk.
ENGINEERS HUB
D. 10-3
[ESE-CE-95]
8. In terms of bulk modulus (K) and modulus of
rigidity (G), Poisson's ratio can be expressed
B. 3K + 4G
6K -4G
D. 3K + 2G
6K - 2G
[ESE-CE-95]
9. Two bars one of material A and the other of
material B of same length are tightly secured
between two unyielding walls. Coefficient of
thermal expansion of bar A is more than that
of B. When temperature rises the stresses
A. in equilibrium if |F3| = 10 kN
B. in equilibrium if ||F3| = 10C. in equilibrium if |F3| = 20 kN
D. will not be in equilibrium whatever be the
magnitude of F3
12. A 2m long bar of uniform section extends 2
mm under limiting axial stress of 200 N/mm2What is the modulus of resilience for
the bar?
A. 0.10 units
C. 10000 units
13. A rectangular block of size 200 mm �100
The ratio of forces of spring at A and that of
spring at B is
A.1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
[ESE-CE-95]
7. A steel cube of volume 8000 cc is subjected to

all round stress of 1330 kg/cm2. The bulk
modulus of the material is 1.33 �106 kg/cm2.
The volumetric change is
A.8 cc B. 6cc
C. 0.8 cc
as
3K -4G
A.
6K + 4G
3K -2G
C.
6K + 2G
induced are
A. tension in both the materials

B. tension in material A and compression in
material B
C. compression in material A and tension in
material B
D. compression in both the materials
[ESE-CE-95]
10. A bar of diameter 30 mm is subjected to a

tensile load such that the measured extension
on a gauge length of 200 mm is 0.09 mm and
the change in diameter is 0.0045 mm. The
Poisson's ratio will be
A. 1/4 B. 1/3
C. 1/5 D. 1/6
[ESE-CE-95]
11. For the coplanar concurrent system of forces

as shown in the given figure, the system will
be
v2kN
[ESE-CE-95]
B. 0.20 units
D. 200000 units
[ESE-CE-95]
mm �50 mm is subjected to a shear stress of

500 kg/cm2. If the modulus of rigidity of the
material is 1 �106 kg/cm2, the strain energy
stored will be
A. 1000 kg-cm B. 500 kg-cm

C. 125 kg-cm D. 100 kg-cm
[ESE-CE-95]
14. If E = 2.06 �105 N/mm2, an axial pull of 60

kN suddenly applied to a steel rod 50 mm in
-28

ENGINEERS HUB
diameter and 4 m long. It causes an

instantaneous elongation of the order of
A. 1.19 mm B. 2.19 mm
C. 3.19 mm D. 11.9 mm
[ESE-CE-95]
15. Two coplanar concurrent forces P1 = 2 t and

P2 = 2t meeting at O act on a lamina at 450 as
shown in figure.
From the force diagram the force R to be
applied at O in order to keep the body in
equilibrium is given by
[ESE-CE-95]
16. Parallelogram law of forces states that if two

forces acting simultaneously at a point be
represented in magnitude and direction by two
adjacent sides of a parallelogram, their
resultant may be represented in magnitude and
direction by
A. longer side of the other two sides

B. shorter side of the other two sides
C. diagonal of the parallelogram which does
not pass through their point of intersection
D. diagonal
for the parallelogram which
passes through their point of intersection
[ESE-CE-95]
C. A is true but R is false

D.
A is false but R is true
18. Assertion (A): Strain is a fundamental
behavior of the material, while the stress is a
derived concept
Reason (R): Strain does not have a unit while
the stress has a unit.
[ESE-CE-96]
17. The stress at which a material fractures under

large number of reversals of stress is called
A. endurance limit B. creep
C. ultimate strength D. residual stress
[ESE-CE-96]
Directions: The following items consists of two
statements; one labelled as �Assertion (A)� and
the other as �Reason (R)�. You are to examine
these two statements carefully and select the
answers to these items using the codes given
below:
Codes:
A. both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
B. both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A
ENGINEERS HUB
-29
19. Assertion
(A): The amount of elastic
deformation at a certain point, which an elastic
body undergoes, under given stress is the same
irrespective of the stresses being tensile or
compressive.
Reason (R): The modulus of elasticity and
Poisson�s ratio are assumed to be the same in
tension as well as compression.
[ESE-CE-96]
20. Assertion (A): A mild steel tension specimen

of bar B. If the temperature of both bars is
increased by the same amount while
preventing any expansion, then the ratio of
stress developed in bar A to that in bar B will
be
A.2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 16
[ESE-CE-96]
23. The lists given below refer to a bar of length

L, cross sectional area A, Young�s modulus E,
has a cup and cone fracture at failure.
Reason (R): Mild steel is weak in shear and
failure of the specimen in shear takes place at
45� to the direction of the applied tensile
force.
[ESE-CE-96]
21. A bar of circular cross-section varies
uniformly from a cross-section 2D to D. If
extension of the bar is calculated treating it as
a bar of average diameter, then the percentage
error will be
A. 10 B. 25
C. 33.33 D. 50
[ESE-CE-96]
22. The length, coefficient of thermal expansion
and Young�s modulus of bar A are twice that
of rigidity
List-II
1. 2(1+..)
2. 3(1-2 ..)3. .... (1- 2..)4. ........ 5. 2(1-..)Codes:
a b c d
A. 3 4 2 1
B. 5 4 1 2
C. 5 4 2 1
D. 2 3 1 5
24. If all the dimensions of a prismatic bar of
square cross-section suspended freely from the
Poisson�s ratio � and subjected to axial stress
�..�. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the codes given below
the lists:
List-I
a.
Volumetric strain
b.
Strain energy per unit volume
c.
Ratio of Young's modulus to bulk
modulus
d.
Ratio of Young's modulus to modulus
ceiling of a roof are doubled then the total
elongation produced by its own weight will
increase
A. eight times B. four times

C. three times D. two times
[ESE-CE-96]
25. In order to find the resultant of a system of

coplanar parallel system of forces, the correct
sequence of the graphical procedure to be
followed is
-30

ENGINEERS HUB
A. force diagram, space diagram, funicular

polygon and polar diagram
B. funicular polygon, force diagram, space
diagram and polar diagram
C. space diagram, force diagram, polar
diagram and funicular polygon
D. space diagram, funicular polygon, force
diagram and polar diagram
[ESE-CE-96]
26. Three coplanar forces P1 = P2 = P3 = 2 t act at
a joint O, as shown in figure
From the force diagram, the force R to be
applied at O in the same plane to keep the
joint O in equilibrium is given by
27. The side AD of the square block ABCD as
shown in the given figure is fixed at the base
and it is under a stage of simple shear causing
shear stress .. and shear strain �.
Where � = ....................................(..)
28. A round steel bar of overall length 40cm
consists of two equal portions of
having diameters of
respectively. Take E as 2 � 106 kg/cm2. If the
rod is subjected to a tensile load of 10 tonnes,
the elongation in cm will be given by
A. 1 1 1+
10p 25 16
..
..
..
C. 3 1 1+
10p 25 16
..
..
..
29. A copper bar of 25 cm length is fixed by
means of supports at its ends. Supports can
yield (total) by 0.01 cm. If the temperature of
the bar is raised by 100�C, then the stress
The distorted shape is AB'C'D. The diagonal
strain (linear) will be
A. �2v/�2/B.
C. v2� D. �
[ESE-CE-96]
20 cm each
10cm and 8 cm
2 .
11 .
B. +
..
10p

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STRENGTH OF

Analysis of Previous GATE Papers

Analysis of Previous GATE Papers

1. A large uniform plate containing a rivet-hole is

2. Determine the temperature rise necessary to

20�10/�C. Assume uniform heating of

3. Below Fig. shows a rigid bar hinged at A and

D. T..= ..(..........),T..= ..(........)

4. A free bar of length 1 m is uniformly heated

5. Two identical circular rods of same diameter

materials. Which of the following

A. Both rods elongate by the same amount

rests on a frictionless surface. The rod is

9. The figure below shows a steel rod of 25 mm ..

10. A steel bar of 40 mm �40 mm square cross-

axial loads at the

12. A steel rod of length L and diameter D, fixed

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13. A solid steel cube constrained on all six faces

14. A 200 mm long,

are 200 GPa and

16. Two threaded bolts A and B of same material

17. For a ductile material, toughness is a measure

19. A metallic rod of 500mm length and 50mm

20. A steel cube with all faces to deform, has

A. P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4, T-5, U-6

22. If the Poisson�s ratio of an elastic material is

26. A metallic bar of uniform cross-section with

specific weight of 100 kN/mis hung

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-5 -ENGINEERS HUB Website: www.engineers-hub.com :: Contact: 0891 666 4766

-6-ENGINEERS HUB Website: www.engineers-hub.com :: Contact: 0891 666 4766

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44. A bimetallic cylindryical bar of cross sectional

47. Consider a linear elastic rectangular thin sheet

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due to heating is _____

10../�..and the bulk modulus is 200 GPa. If

PREVIOUS GATE (CE) QUESTIONS

4. The stress-strain diagram for two materials A

5. The dimensions for the flexural rigidity of a

6. The shear modulus (G), modulus of elasticity

14. A mild steel specimen is under uniaxial tensile

A. 156 Nmm/mm3 B. 15.6 Nmm/mm3

15. A vertical rod PQ of length L is fixed at its top

18. Creep strains are

21. For the state of stresses (in MPa) shown in the

elastic material and subjected to an axial load

23. An elastic isotropic body is in a hydrostatic

change in the volume to occur, what should be

100 m2 and 60 mm2, Young�s modulus of 2 �

its Poisson�s ratio?

105 MPa and 3 � 105 MPa, and length of 400

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mm and 900 mm, respectively. The stain energy

5. When ..and Young�s Modulus of Elasticity E

6. A steel rod of 1 sq. cm. cross sectional area is

axial pull of 2000 kgf. The elongation of the

9. The stretch in a steel rod of circular section,

11. If Poisson�s ratio for a material is 0.5, then the

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14. The relationship between the Lami�s constant

15. A 10 cm long and 5 cm diameter steel rod first