Professional Documents
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Mhdp-08-Rsdll Report Issue 6.0
Mhdp-08-Rsdll Report Issue 6.0
Issue: 6.0
Date: 4th January 2017
Stage 1 & 2
Building Risk
Assessment
Report
Yanbu Distribution Hub
Prepared for:
Mustang-HDP
Prepared by:
© 2017 Risktec Solutions DMCC
This document has been prepared by Risktec Solutions DMCC.
Subject to any contractual terms between Risktec Solutions
DMCC and its client to the contrary, it is the property of Risktec
Solutions DMCC. It shall not be reproduced in whole or part, nor
Cleopatra Ong, Senior Engineer disclosed to a third party without the express written permission
of the owner. This document has been specifically prepared for
Reviewed by: the client of Risktec Solutions DMCC and no responsibility to third
parties is accepted unless expressly agreed in writing.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of the Yanbu Distribution Hub (YDH) Project (which is currently in the design stage) is to efficiently
meet the Kingdom’s refined product demands in Makkah province. The YDH will aggregate refined product from
the three local refineries (SAMREF, YASREF and Yanbu) and act as the origin pump station for at least two
connecting pipelines, i.e. the Yanbu to Jiddah pipeline and the Yanbu to Central Region pipeline.
Mustang-HDP (MHDP) is currently undertaking the YDH Project (BI-10-02399) for Saudi Aramco. MHDP has
contracted Risktec Solutions DMCC (Risktec) to conduct a Stage 1 and 2 Building Risk Assessment (BRA) for YDH
(including associated pipelines).
This report presents the results of the Stage 1 and Stage 2 BRA, whereby the worst case credible hazard
consequences (fire, explosion, and flammable vapour clouds) are identified, and their impact on plant buildings
evaluated.
Stage 1 BRA Results Summary
A total of 9 buildings have been assessed as occupied, and 5 buildings have been assessed as functionally
significant.
Stage 2 BRA Results Summary
Jet Fire
The following buildings will be subjected to direct flame impingement and exposed to heat radiation flux above
35kW/m2:
B-01 SS-XXX1 Receiving Substation Transformer Yard (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as
171kW/m2);
B-02 SS-XXX2 Utility Power Substation Transformer Yard (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated
as 142kW/m2);
B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 154kW/m2);
B-15 Operation Shelter-1 (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 138kW/m2);
B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor Package) (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as
240kW/m2; and
B-22 Operation Shelter-2 (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 137kW/m2);
Although the jet fires will not impinge the B-03 RIB XXX1 Remote I/O Building, it is potentially exposed to heat
radiation flux above 35kW/m2 (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 98kW/m2). The B-21 Oily Water
Metering Shelter -Marafiq is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between 12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due to
YNJ-1 scraper launcher.
All other buildings are potentially exposed to heat radiation flux below 4.7kW/m2.
Pool Fire
The B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor Package) is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between
12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due to release from SAM-30 and YR-22 pipelines.
The B-21 Oily Water Metering Shelter -Marafiq) is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between 12.5kW/m2
and 35kW/m2 due to release from the YNJ-2 pipeline.
The B-22 Operation Shelter-2 is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between 12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due
to release from YNJ-1 and YNJ-2 pipelines.
The following buildings will be subjected to heat radiation flux between 4.7kW/m2 and 12.5kW/m2 due to bund
fires within the Yanbu Distribution Hub:
B-01 SS-XXX1 Receiving Substation Transformer Yard;
B-02 SS-XXX2 Utility Power Substation Transformer Yard;
B-03 RIB-XXX1 Remote I/O Building;
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
Review functionality of the building. Based on review of potential business
interruption impact, consider rating the external walls to withstand direct
jet fire flame impingement (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated
as 171kW/m2).
B-01 SS-XXX1 Also, consider relocating the building outside the flame impingement
Receiving radius of 121m from the Scraper-YNJ-1 (G) (for the scenario description
Functionally
Substation refer to Assumption A03, Appendix A).
Significant
Transformer
Yard Note: Further risk mitigation measures may not be required if the impact
of losing the buildings function does not have a catastrophic impact on
the continued operation of the plant.
Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
audible and visual alarm.
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
Review functionality of the building. Based on review of potential business
interruption impact, consider rating the external walls to withstand direct
jet fire flame impingement (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated
as 142kW/m2).
B-02 SS-XXX2
Utility Power Also, consider relocating the building outside the flame impingement radius
Functionally of 60m from the PG 95 Storage Tanks outlet header.
Substation
Significant
Transformer Note: Further risk mitigation measures may not be required if the impact of
Yard losing the buildings function does not have a catastrophic impact on the
continued operation of the plant.
Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
audible and visual alarm.
B-03 RIB-XXX1
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Remote I/O
Significant audible and visual alarm.
Building
B-04 RIB-XXX2
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Remote I/O
Significant audible and visual alarm.
Building
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
B-05 FSF doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
Building
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at
the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
B-06 Security doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
Guard House Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
(A) minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at
the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
B-07 Security dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
Guard House Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
(B) doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at
the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
B-08 X-Ray Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Building Significant note audible and visual alarm.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
B-09 Security doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
Support Building Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
(A) minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event
of an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed
at the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
B-10 Security dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
Support Building Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
(B) doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event
of an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed
at the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
B-11 OME doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
Building
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at
the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
B-12 Operation
Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
Building
doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at
the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
B-13 Musalla Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event
of an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed
at the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
B-14 Chemical Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide
Shelter Significant note an audible and visual alarm.
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
B-15 Operation
Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
Shelter-1
doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at
the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
B-16 IDAS Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Shelter-001 Significant note audible and visual alarm.
B-17 IDAS Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Shelter-002 Significant note audible and visual alarm.
B-18 Sanitary
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Metering
Significant note audible and visual alarm.
Shelter-Marafiq
B-19 Utility
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Water Metering
Significant audible and visual alarm.
Shelter-Marafiq
The functionality of the building should be reviewed and the impact of losing
the function of the building determined. If loss of the building function can
have catastrophic impact on continued safe operation of the facility, the
following risk reduction measures should be considered.
Either design the external walls of the building to withstand direct jet fire
flame impingement (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as
240kW/m2) or relocate the building outside the flame impingement radius
B-20 Custody
of:
Metering Shelter Functionally
(Vendor Significant note 184m from the Gasoline Custody Metering Skid (X40-U-0014A);
Package) 170m from the Gasoline Meter Prover Skid (X40-U-0014D);
213m from the from gasoline receiving manifold outlet headers
(for PG 91 and PG 95); and
30m from the diesel pipelines from Yasref/Samref and gasoline
pipeline from Yasref.
Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide
an audible and visual alarm.
B-21 Oily Water
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Metering Shelter
Significant note audible and visual alarm.
-Marafiq
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in
HVAC inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
B-22 Operation
Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external
Shelter-2
doors should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at
the building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Note: The B-03 RIB-XXX1 Remote I/O Building, B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building, B-08 X-Ray Building, B-14 Chemical Shelter,
B-16 IDAS Shelter-001, B-17 IDAS Shelter-002, B-18 Sanitary Metering Shelter-Marafiq, B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor
Package) and B-21 Oily Water Metering Shelter -Marafiq are not occupied nor functionally significant as per the requirement of
SAES-B-014. These buildings have been included for completeness and are assessed under the functional building criteria.
General Recommendations
As well as the building specific mitigation measures detailed in Table 1, the following general mitigation measures
should be considered:
All buildings in YDH should comply with the requirements of SAES-B-055 for spacing between buildings,
and process plant, and with SAES-B-014 for fire and water system requirements. In addition, all buildings
covered by SSD-9 and SSD-26 must comply with the requirements of these directives.
It is generally recommended, in process industries, that in-plant buildings do not have windows. This is
supported by SAES-B-014. However, Clause 5.8, Exception B of SAES-B-014 states that windows are
allowed for ‘Operator shelters that are specifically designed for personnel protection and for monitoring of
a process facility or bulk plant operation such as truck loading. Personnel protection against any
overpressures anticipated by the risk assessment shall be included in the sizing and design of the windows’.
SAES-B-014 also states that as a minimum, these windows should be double glazed with tempered glass,
internal lamination, a catch system for the glass using anchored cables or wrap bars. The glass used in
the windows will be a minimum of 6 mm (¼ in) thick and is either wired, tempered or laminated safety
glass. The glass shall meet all fire-resistive regulations and safety performance requirements of SAES-M-
100 and ASME Z97.1 and shall be labelled as such by the supplier.
Should the design of these buildings contain windows, the design details shall be provided to the company
representative for approval by the Supervisor, Civil Engineering Unit, Consulting Services Department
(CSD), Dhahran, and by the Chief Fire Prevention Engineer or his representative.
A qualified structural engineer should review the estimated VCE overpressures and impulses and ensure
that the building is designed to withstand the predicted results.
The site ERP should include any of the new buildings which are designed to act as safe refuges in the
event of an emergency. Additional potential risk mitigation measures may be required for these buildings.
Additionally, the site ERP, drills and escape routes should take into account the identified fire hazard
scenarios on each building.
Where adequate mitigations cannot be implemented, or where the cost of the mitigations is deemed
excessive, a Stage 3 BRA should be conducted to determine the risk to personnel and building functionality.
The escape arrangements (e.g. escape route, access, egress) for the following buildings could be
(depending on the direction of the release) impaired by jet/pool fire events from one or more hazard
sources:
o B-01 SS-XXX1 Receiving Substation Transformer Yard;
o B-02 SS-XXX2 Utility Power Substation Transformer Yard;
o B-03 RIB-XXX1 Remote I/O Building;
o B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building; and
o B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor Package).
It is recommended that a formal Escape, Evacuation and Rescue Assessment (EERA) is performed and
further risk mitigation measures identified (if required).
ISSUE RECORD
Issue Date Author Reviewer Approver Revision History
Initials Initials Initials
1.0 12-Jun-16 CO MJB MJB Draft Report for Review and Approval
2.0 26-Jun-16 CO MJB MJB Draft Report updated for Review and Approval
3.0 07-Jul-16 CO MJB MJB Report issued incorporating client comments
4.0 06-Sep-16 AA MJB MJB Report issued incorporating client comments
5.0 25-Oct-16 AA MJB MJB Report issued incorporating client comments
6.0 04-Jan-17 CO SC MJB Final report incorporating client comments
DISTRIBUTION
Ahmed AlHatem Mustang-HDP, Saudi Arabia
File Risktec Solutions Limited, Dubai, UAE
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................ 2
ISSUE RECORD ......................................................................................................................................... 10
DISTRIBUTION ......................................................................................................................................... 10
1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 13
1.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
1.3 Scope .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
2 FACILITY OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 14
2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................ 14
3 BRA METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Approach to Building Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Stage 2 BRA Consequence Modelling ................................................................................................................. 16
3.3 Jet Fire ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
3.4 Pool Fire (including Bund Fire) ........................................................................................................................... 17
3.5 Tank Fires ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
3.6 Flammable Dispersion ....................................................................................................................................... 17
3.7 Building Types .................................................................................................................................................. 18
3.8 Damage Level Thresholds ................................................................................................................................. 18
4 STAGE 1 BRA ........................................................................................................................... 21
5 STAGE 2 BRA ........................................................................................................................... 23
5.1 Consequence Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Separation Distances......................................................................................................................................... 23
5.3 Stage 2 BRA Results ......................................................................................................................................... 23
6 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 31
6.1 Stage 1 BRA ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
6.2 Stage 2 BRA ..................................................................................................................................................... 31
7 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 33
7.1 Building Specific Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 33
7.2 General Recommendations ................................................................................................................................ 38
8 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 39
APPENDIX A ASSUMPTIONS REGISTER ................................................................................................ A.1
APPENDIX B SEPARATION DISTANCES ..................................................................................................B.1
APPENDIX C CONSEQUENCE RESULTS ................................................................................................. C.1
APPENDIX D STAGE 2 BRA RESULTS .................................................................................................... D.1
APPENDIX E STAGE 1 SCREENING ........................................................................................................ E.1
TABLES
Table 1: Proposed Building Specific Risk Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................. 3
Table 2: Building Types .................................................................................................................................................. 18
Table 3: Thermal Radiation Damage ............................................................................................................................... 18
Table 4: Flammable Vapour Damage............................................................................................................................... 19
Table 5: Explosion Overpressure Damage........................................................................................................................ 19
Table 6: Building Damage Categories .............................................................................................................................. 19
Table 7: Stage 1 BRA Results Summary .......................................................................................................................... 21
Table 8: Stage 2 BRA Results Summary .......................................................................................................................... 24
Table 9: Hazard Source for Building Impairment Exceeding Assessment Criteria ................................................................ 26
Table 10: Proposed Building Specific Risk Mitigation Measures .......................................................................................... 33
FIGURES
Figure 1: Yanbu Distribution Hub Plot Plan & Building Locations ....................................................................................... 14
Figure 2: BRA Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ 15
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
The purpose of the Yanbu Distribution Hub (YDH) Project (which is currently in the design stage) is to
efficiently meet the Kingdom’s refined product demands in Makkah province. The YDH will aggregate
refined product from the three local refineries (SAMREF, YASREF and Yanbu) and act as the origin pump
station for at least two connecting pipelines, i.e. the Yanbu to Jiddah pipeline and the Yanbu to Central
Region pipeline.
Mustang-HDP (MHDP) is currently undertaking the YDH Project (BI-10-02399) for Saudi Aramco. MHDP
has contracted Risktec Solutions DMCC (Risktec) to conduct a Stage 1 and 2 Building Risk Assessment
(BRA) for YDH (including associated pipelines).
The BRA is implemented in accordance with the Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard, SAES-B-014
(Reference 1) and the American Petroleum Institute guidance document, API RP 752 (Reference 2). The
BRA provides information on the risks to personnel located inside plant buildings and building functionality
and identifies potential risk mitigation measures to ensure these risks are reduced to a level which can be
considered As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
This report presents the results of the Stage 1 and Stage 2 BRA, whereby the worst case credible hazard
consequences (fire, explosion, and flammable vapour clouds) are identified, and their impact on plant
buildings evaluated.
Recommendations are made for those buildings where the consequences exceed the assessment criteria.
However, where the potential worst credible impact to building occupants and/or functionality cannot be
mitigated / protected against, a recommendation is made to consider the hazards and buildings in more
detail as part of a Stage 3 BRA, which is outside of the scope of this report.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives of the BRA are to:
Identify the various hazard sources and associated sources within the YDH (including associated
pipelines) through a desktop Hazard Identification (HAZID);
Carry out consequence modelling using Shell FRED software package v6.1 to determine the extent of
the different hazards identified;
Evaluate the impact of the different hazards on the occupancy and structure of the buildings;
Where the impacts on the buildings are outside the Saudi Aramco tolerability criteria, recommend
mitigation measures to reduce the impact of the different hazards on the buildings to an acceptable
level; and
Document the results of Stage 1 and Stage 2 BRA.
1.3 Scope
The scope for the YDH BRA is limited to the following:
Yanbu Distribution Hub (YDH) facility;
Yanbu to Jiddah pipeline up to 200m from the YDH fence;
Yanbu to Central Region pipeline up to 200m from the YDH fence; and
Tie-ins to existing refineries up to 200m from the YDH fence (SAMREF, YASREF and Yanbu refineries).
The YDH BRA will exclude the following:
On-site facilities at SAMREF, YASREF and Yanbu refineries;
Refinery tie-in pipelines outside of 200m from the YDH fence; and
Export pipelines outside of 200m from the YDH fence.
2 FACILITY OVERVIEW
2.1 General
The YDH is located near the city of Yanbu on the coast of the Red Sea in the Western Province of Saudi
Arabia. The overall plot plan, showing the buildings to be assessed, is presented in Figure 1.
3 BRA METHODOLOGY
3.1 Approach to Building Risk Assessment
The BRA has been conducted in accordance with Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard SAES-B-014 ‘Safety
Requirements for Plant Operations and Support Buildings’ (Reference 1), which requires a systematic 3-
stage approach. This approach is illustrated in Figure 2.
SAES-B-014 requires an assessment of the hazards associated with the siting, design and construction of
buildings for each of the three stages shown in Figure 2. Each stage represents an increasingly detailed
level of analysis to define the minimum requirements for siting, design and construction for the following
buildings:
Onshore in-plant buildings;
Out-of-plant (offsite) buildings within 500 m of a plant perimeter fence; and
Service buildings, whether inside or outside of plants, that directly support in-plant operations such
as; communications facilities, centralized computer facilities and electrical substations.
The intent of the assessment process is to screen out buildings at the earliest stage in order to provide an
efficient, yet comprehensive, analysis with the main objective of ensuring that people in plant buildings
are not exposed to unacceptable levels of risk in the event of any accidental release of hydrocarbons,
which would commonly require emergency response.
3.1.1 Stage 1 BRA – Building Occupancy & Functionality Identification
In the Stage 1 BRA, the building is assessed in terms of occupancy and functionality. Buildings considered
to be occupied and/or functionally significant are identified at this stage for consideration in the Stage 2
BRA.
flammable cloud by itself does not pose any significant threat, however, if the cloud finds an ignition
source then this can lead to either of the following consequences:
- Flash Fire: A slow deflagration of a vapour cloud with no overpressure effects; and
- Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE): Explosion resulting from the late ignition of flammable vapour
contained within an area of congestion or confinement with associated overpressures.
The consequence results are presented in Appendix C.
3.3 Jet Fire
Reference 5 suggests that non-volatile liquids (e.g. diesel and gasoline) are unlikely to sustain a two-phase
jet fire, unless permanently piloted by an adjacent fire; however some liquid drop-out is likely including
the formation of a pool. As such, jet fires can be discounted from the assessment. However, as a
conservative approach, jet fires from gasoline releases (≤ 100 mm) have been included as the flow rates
are relatively low and less energy is required to sustain ignition (Reference 6).
Immediate ignition of a leak is assumed to result in a steady state jet fire except for the low pressure
systems where a jet fire is unlikely to be sustained for any length of time. The magnitude/impact of a jet
fire is governed by the fluid and process conditions of that fluid.
3.4 Pool Fire (including Bund Fire)
Delayed ignition of a liquid leak is assumed to result in a pool fire. The terms that define the size of the
pool fire are:
The size of the leak;
The total released volume (which limits the maximum size of the pool); and
The containment features available (tank bunds, drainage pits, topography, etc.).
Bunds are assumed to be adequately sized and sufficient to contain the maximum liquid spill from the
combined volume of tanks within each bund. Kerb areas around pumps and loading bays are expected to
cope with the spillages to the extent of the kerb assuming that the drain system is not compromised at
the time.
For unconfined liquid releases, the maximum pool diameter is assumed not to exceed 25m taking into
account the topography of the site (Assumption A02, Appendix A).
3.5 Tank Fires
The releases of hydrocarbon at the top of a floating roof tank will lead to a pool being formed at the tank
top. Two scenarios are considered with respect to pools at the tank top:
Spill on Roof Fire: Any ignited spill on a roof leading to partial covering of the roof. This assessment
assumes 25% coverage of the roof surface from events such as rim seal failure, jamming of the roof,
tilting the roof, etc.; and
Full Surface Fire: Any ignited event which causes the full surface of the roof to be covered by
hydrocarbons such as a sunken roof. In this case, the pool size is limited by the tank diameter.
3.6 Flammable Dispersion
Flammable dispersion from a release of flammable vapours will result in a flammable cloud being formed.
Flammable dispersion are modelled in order to assess flash fire and VCE consequences. As the evolution
of large quantities of flammable vapour from diesel or kerosene is very unlikely, flammable vapour
consequences are only considered for gasoline releases.
The size and shape of this cloud is dependent upon the release itself (including the size of any associated
pool) and the weather conditions at the time. Two ignited release scenarios are considered as shown in
Section 3.6.1 and Section 3.6.2.
.
Construction
Description
Type
B1 Wood, temporary buildings, trailers
B2 Steel frame with metal siding
B3 Brick/un-reinforced masonry (load bearing wall)
B4 Steel or concrete frame with masonry fill or cladding
B5 Blast resistant (reinforced concrete)
B6 Brick/moderately reinforced masonry – load bearing
B7 Steel frame building with pre-cast walls and concrete roof
Radiation
Effect on Buildings
Level
The thermal radiation level at which glass windows would be
4.7kW/m2
expected to break.
The thermal radiation level which general/process buildings
12.5kW/m2
would be expected to withstand.
The thermal radiation level at which damage to process
35kW/m2
plant and building may be expected to occur.
Direct Flame
Process plant and buildings may fail within minutes.
Impingement
Table 3 shows that significant building damage is expected to occur when the thermal radiation exceeds
35kW/m2. This has therefore been selected as the defining criteria for building damage.
Stage 2 BRA criteria for the flammable end point inside buildings
¼ LFL (based on expected air infiltration rates and the effects of any air
handling systems).
½ LFL Stage 2 BRA criteria for flammable end point outside buildings.
The criteria in Table 4 are based on the BRA criteria presented in SAES-B-014 (Reference 1). The table
shows that based on 2 air changes per hour and the likely effects of air handling systems, a flammable
vapour mixture may exist inside a building, where a flammable vapour concentration exceeds ¼ LFL
outside the building. This has therefore been selected as the defining criteria for the onset of building
damage.
The damage interface value from a given overpressure varies depending on the building construction type.
This is presented in Table 5.
Pressure (psi)
Vulnerability 1 0.6 0.3 0.05 0
Damage
4/5 3/4 2B/3 2A/2B 1/2A
Interface
B1 8.01 3.00 2.10 1.31 0.59
Proposed Building Type
The resultant building damage (by building type) for each damage interface level is presented in Table 6.
Discrete
Brief
Damage Full Description
Description
Level
Discrete
Brief
Damage Full Description
Description
Level
Building has lost structural integrity and may collapse due to
3 Major damage environmental conditions (i.e. wind, snow, rain). Total cost
of repairs exceeds replacement cost of building.
4 Collapse Building fails completely. Repair not feasible.
5 Annihilation Occupant survival is not possible.
4 STAGE 1 BRA
The results of the Stage 1 BRA are presented in Table 7 (the Stage 1 screening process is presented in
Appendix E).
The building types have been determined from the information provided and previous experience of similar
Saudi Aramco facilities.
It can be seen from Table 7 that a total of 9 buildings have been assessed as occupied, and 5 buildings
have been assessed as functionally significant.
The B-03 RIB-XXX1 Remote I/O Building, B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building, B-08 X-Ray Building, B-14
Chemical Shelter, B-16 IDAS Shelter-001, B-17 IDAS Shelter-002, B-18 Sanitary Metering Shelter-Marafiq,
B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor Package) and B-21 Oily Water Metering Shelter -Marafiq are not
occupied nor functionally significant as per the requirement of SAES-B-014. These buildings have been
included in the Stage 2 assessment for completeness, and are assessed under the functional building
criteria.
5 STAGE 2 BRA
The hazard consequences associated with each release source has been determined for the discrete hazard
threshold levels (end points) specified in Assumption A03 of Appendix A. The distance to each threshold
has been compared against the (point-to-point) separation distance between the release source and the
building with the worst-case hazard level and associated building damage defined.
Results are presented separately for each of the following hazards:
Jet Fire;
Pool Fire;
Flammable Vapour Dispersion; and
Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCEs).
It should be noted that there are no toxic components in the fluids at YDH and as such no toxic modelling
has been performed. In addition, the software is not able to define complex compositions for the explosion
analysis and therefore, an equivalent fuel type has been determined. For gasoline this has been defined
as Propane.
5.1 Consequence Analysis
Shell’s FRED consequence modelling software v6.1 and DNV Phast v6.7 have been used to determine the
impact of each of the flammable hazard sources. The full consequence modelling results are presented in
Appendix C.
5.2 Separation Distances
The separation distances from each hazard source to the building are presented in Appendix B. This data
has been utilised to determine the worst case hazard impact for each building and whether the building
resides within the range of the lowest threshold modelled. The results from this comparison are presented
in the following sections.
5.3 Stage 2 BRA Results
Table 8 summarises the results of the Stage 2 BRA, while a summary of process units leading to impairment
to the buildings exceeding the assessment criteria are presented in Table 9. The full Stage 2 BRA results
are presented in Appendix D.
Vapour Cloud Explosions Jet/Pool Fire Hazards Flammable Gas Dispersion Hazards
Vapour Cloud Explosions Jet/Pool Fire Hazards Flammable Gas Dispersion Hazards
Vapour Cloud Explosions Jet/Pool Fire Hazards Flammable Gas Dispersion Hazards
It can be seen from Table 8 that all buildings are impacted by consequences above the Stage 2 BRA
criteria. As such, mitigations will need to be implemented as part of the building design. Where the
adequate mitigations cannot be implemented, or where the cost of the mitigations is deemed excessive,
a Stage 3 BRA can be conducted to determine the risk to personnel within the buildings.
The following sections present the Stage 2 BRA results for each hazard effects.
5.3.1 Jet fire
It can be seen from Table 8 that the following buildings will be subjected to direct flame impingement and
exposed to heat radiation flux above 35kW/m2:
B-01 SS-XXX1 Receiving Substation Transformer Yard (the maximum heat radiation flux is
calculated as 171kW/m2);
B-02 SS-XXX2 Utility Power Substation Transformer Yard (the maximum heat radiation flux is
calculated as 142kW/m2);
B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 154kW/m2);
B-15 Operation Shelter-1 (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 138kW/m2);
B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor Package) (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated
as 240kW/m2; and
B-22 Operation Shelter-2 (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 137kW/m2);
Although the jet fires will not impinge the B-03 RIB XXX1 Remote I/O Building, it is potentially exposed to
heat radiation flux above 35kW/m2 (calculated as 98kW/m2). The B-21 Oily Water Metering Shelter -
Marafiq is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between 12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due to YNJ-1
scraper launcher.
All other buildings are potentially exposed to heat radiation flux below 4.7kW/m2.
5.3.2 Pool Fire
The B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor Package) is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between
12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due to release from SAM-30 and YR-22 pipelines.
The B-21 Oily Water Metering Shelter -Marafiq) is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between
12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due to release from YNJ-2 pipeline.
The B-22 Operation Shelter-2 is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between 12.5kW/m2 and
35kW/m2 due to release from YNJ-1 and YNJ-2 pipelines.
The following buildings will be subjected to heat radiation flux between 4.7kW/m2 and 12.5kW/m2 due to
bund fires within the YDH:
B-01 SS-XXX1 Receiving Substation Transformer Yard;
B-02 SS-XXX2 Utility Power Substation Transformer Yard;
B-03 RIB-XXX1 Remote I/O Building;
B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building;
B-07 Security Guard House (B);
B-08 X-Ray Building;
B-10 Security Support Building (B);
B-12 Operation Building;
B-16 IDAS Shelter-001; and
B-17 IDAS Shelter-002.
6 CONCLUSIONS
This report presents the results of the Stage 1 and Stage 2 BRA, whereby the worst case credible hazard
consequences (fire, explosion, and flammable vapour clouds) are identified, and their impact on plant
buildings evaluated. The results of the Stage 2 assessment are summarised in Table 8, from which the
following findings and conclusions are made:
6.1 Stage 1 BRA
A total of 9 buildings have been assessed as occupied, and 5 buildings have been assessed as functionally
significant.
6.2 Stage 2 BRA
6.2.1 Jet fire
The following buildings will be subjected to direct flame impingement and exposed to heat radiation flux
above 35kW/m2:
B-01 SS-XXX1 Receiving Substation Transformer Yard (the maximum heat radiation flux is
calculated as 171kW/m2);
B-02 SS-XXX2 Utility Power Substation Transformer Yard (the maximum heat radiation flux is
calculated as 142kW/m2);
B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 154kW/m2);
B-15 Operation Shelter-1 (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 138kW/m2);
B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor Package) (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated
as 240kW/m2; and
B-22 Operation Shelter-2 (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as 137kW/m2);
Although jet fires will not impinge the B-03 RIB XXX1 Remote I/O Building, it is potentially exposed to heat
radiation flux above 35kW/m2 (calculated as 98kW/m2). The B-21 Oily Water Metering Shelter -Marafiq is
potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between 12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due to YNJ-1 scraper
launcher.
All other buildings are potentially exposed to heat radiation flux below 4.7kW/m2.
6.2.2 Pool fire
The B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor Package) is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between
12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due to release from SAM-30 and YR-22 pipelines.
The B-21 Oily Water Metering Shelter -Marafiq) is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between
12.5kW/m2 and 35kW/m2 due to release from YNJ-2 pipeline.
The B-22 Operation Shelter-2 is potentially exposed to heat radiation flux between 12.5kW/m2 and
35kW/m2 due to release from YNJ-1 and YNJ-2 pipelines.
The following buildings will be subjected to heat radiation flux between 4.7kW/m2 and 12.5kW/m2 due to
bund fires within the YDH:
B-01 SS-XXX1 Receiving Substation Transformer Yard;
B-02 SS-XXX2 Utility Power Substation Transformer Yard;
B-03 RIB-XXX1 Remote I/O Building;
B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building;
B-07 Security Guard House (B);
B-08 X-Ray Building;
B-10 Security Support Building (B);
B-12 Operation Building;
7 RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 Building Specific Recommendations
Based on the Stage 2 BRA results summary, building specific risk mitigation measures have been developed
for each building and are presented in Table 10.
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
Review functionality of the building. Based on review of potential business
interruption impact, consider rating the external walls to withstand direct jet
fire flame impingement (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated
as 171kW/m2).
B-01 SS-XXX1
Also, consider relocating the building outside the flame impingement radius
Receiving
Functionally of 121m from the Scraper-YNJ-1 (G) (for the scenario description refer to
Substation
Significant Assumption A03, Appendix A).
Transformer
Yard Note: Further risk mitigation measures may not be required if the impact of
losing the buildings function does not have a catastrophic impact on the
continued operation of the plant.
Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
audible and visual alarm.
Review functionality of the building. Based on review of potential business
interruption impact, consider rating the external walls to withstand direct jet
fire flame impingement (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated
B-02 SS-XXX2 as 142kW/m2).
Utility Power Also, consider relocating the building outside the flame impingement radius
Functionally
Substation of 60m from the PG 95 Storage Tanks outlet header.
Significant
Transformer Note: Further risk mitigation measures may not be required if the impact of
Yard losing the buildings function does not have a catastrophic impact on the
continued operation of the plant.
Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
audible and visual alarm.
B-03 RIB-XXX1
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Remote I/O
Significant audible and visual alarm.
Building
B-04 RIB-XXX2
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Remote I/O
Significant audible and visual alarm.
Building
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
B-05 FSF should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
Building
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
B-06 Security should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
Guard House Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
(A) minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
B-07 Security dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
Guard House Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
(B) should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
B-08 X-Ray Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Building Significant note audible and visual alarm.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
B-09 Security should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
Support Building Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
(A) minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
B-10 Security dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
Support Building Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
(B) should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
B-11 OME should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
Building
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
B-12 Operation
Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
Building
should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
B-13 Musalla Occupied adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
B-14 Chemical Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Shelter Significant note audible and visual alarm.
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
B-15 Operation
Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
Shelter
should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
B-16 IDAS Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Shelter-001 Significant note audible and visual alarm.
B-17 IDAS Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Shelter-002 Significant note audible and visual alarm.
B-18 Sanitary
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Metering Room-
Significant note audible and visual alarm.
Marafiq
B-19 Utility
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Water Metering
Significant audible and visual alarm.
Room-Marafiq
The functionality of the building should be reviewed and the impact of losing
the function of the building determined. If loss of the building function can
have catastrophic impact on continued safe operation of the facility, the
following risk reduction measures should be considered.
Either design the external walls of the building to withstand direct jet fire
flame impingement (the maximum heat radiation flux is calculated as
B-20 Custody 240kW/m2) or relocate the building outside the flame impingement radius of:
Metering Shelter Functionally 184m from the Gasoline Custody Metering Skid (X40-U-0014A);
(Vendor Significant note
170m from the Gasoline Meter Prover Skid (X40-U-0014D);
Package)
213m from the from gasoline receiving manifold outlet headers (for
PG 91 and PG 95); and
30m from the diesel pipelines from Yasref/Samref and gasoline
pipeline from Yasref.
Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
audible and visual alarm.
B-21 Oily Water
Functionally Hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the building to provide an
Metering Shelter
Significant note audible and visual alarm.
-Marafiq
Occupied/
Name of Functionally
Proposed Risk Mitigation Measures
Building Significant
Building
Ensure that emergency escape and evacuation procedures for the building
consider potential sources of thermal radiation, ensuring escape routes and
mustering areas are outside the >4.7kW/m2 thermal radiation zone.
If building occupants are required to stay in the building in the event of an
incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed in HVAC
inlets, which automatically shutdown the HVAC system (close the fire
dampers and put the HVAC system into re-circulation mode). Hydrocarbon
B-22 Operation
Occupied gas detectors should initiate an audible and visual alarm and all external doors
Shelter-2
should be fitted with gas-tight seals and equipped with quick acting,
adjustable door closing mechanism. Windows should be eliminated,
minimised or designed to prevent flammable gas ingress. The HVAC system
installed should comply with the requirements of SAES-K-022.
If building occupants are not required to stay in the building in the event of
an incident on the plant, hydrocarbon gas detectors should be installed at the
building to provide an audible and visual alarm.
Note: The B-03 RIB-XXX1 Remote I/O Building, B-04 RIB-XXX2 Remote I/O Building, B-08 X-Ray Building, B-14 Chemical Shelter,
B-16 IDAS Shelter-001, B-17 IDAS Shelter-002, B-18 Sanitary Metering Shelter-Marafiq, B-20 Custody Metering Shelter (Vendor
Package) and B-21 Oily Water Metering Shelter -Marafiq are not occupied nor functionally significant as per the requirement of
SAES-B-014. These buildings have been included for completeness and are assessed under the functional building criteria.
8 REFERENCES
Ref Title
1. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard, Safety Requirements for Plant and Operations Support
Buildings, SAES-B-014, 3 July 2012.
2. American Petroleum Institute (API), Management of Hazards Associated With Location Of
Process Plant Buildings, Recommended Practice (RP) 752.
3. Shell Global Solutions, Fire, Release, Explosion, Dispersion (FRED) Hazard Consequence
Modelling Package Technical Guide, Issue 7.0, July 2012.
4. UK HSE, Development of Methods to Assess the Significance of Domino Effects from Major
Hazard Sites, HSE CRR 183/1998.
5. IChemE, An Overview Of The Nature Of Hydrocarbon Jet Fire Hazards In The Oil And Gas
Industry And A Simplified Approach To Assessing The Hazards, Trans IChemE, Part B, Process
Safety and Environmental Protection, 2007, 85(B3): 207–220, B. J. Lowesmith, G. Hankinson, M.
R. Acton and G. Chamberlain, 2007.
6. Email from Faisal Basaffar to Mike Bates, “Product Pipeline Event Tree”, 26th March 2015.
7. UK HSE, Development of Methods to Assess the Significance of Domino Effects from Major
Hazard Sites, HSE CRR 183/1998.
8. Shell Global Solutions, Shell Shepherd Desktop Technical Guide, Version 3.1, 2011.
9. HSE, Reducing Risks, Protecting People, HSE’s Decision-Making Process, HMSO, 2001.
10. Saudi Aramco (2006) Engineering Standard – Onshore and Nearshore Pipeline Safety, SAES-B-
064
ASSUMPTION SHEET
Assumption:
The weather conditions used in both consequence modelling (FRED and DNV Phast) are detailed below.
Weather Conditions used:
An ambient temperature of 27°C is assumed based on the ‘Average Annual Temperature’ in
Reference 1.
Humidity: 56.5% is assumed based on the rounded mean ‘Average Relative Humidity’, ‘Average
Morning Relative Humidity’ and ‘Average Evening Relative Humidity’ in Reference 1.
The Pasquill Stability Class / wind speeds to be used are F1.5 and D5.
Justification:
Ambient temperature – Data was taken from Reference 1.
Ambient humidity – Data for Yanbu was taken from Reference 2.
References
1. Saudi Aramco Engineering Standard, Meteorological & Seismic Design Data, SAES-A-112, 17th
November 2008.
2. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=93404&cityname=Yanbu%27al-Bahr-Al-
Madinah-al-Munawwarah-Saudi-Arabia
ASSUMPTION SHEET
Assumption:
Large bore jet fires Reference 3 suggests that non-volatile liquids (e.g., kerosene, diesel, or gasoline) are
unlikely to be able to sustain a two-phase jet fire, unless permanently piloted by an
adjacent fire; even so, some liquid drop-out is likely and hence the formation of a pool. As
such, jet fires can be discounted from the assessment. However, as a conservative
approach, jet fires from gasoline release (≤ 100 mm) were included as the flow rates are
relatively low and less energy is required to sustain ignition (Reference 4).
Justification:
Considered to be appropriate figures from review of Reference 1.
References:
1. Shell Global Solutions, Fire, Release, Explosion, Dispersion (FRED) Hazard Consequence Modelling
Package Technical Guide, Issue 6.0
2. Risktec Solutions DMCC, Yanbu to Jeddah Product Pipelines Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)
Report, Doc. No. JZA-02-R-03, Issue 4.0, October 2015
3. IChemE, An Overview Of The Nature Of Hydrocarbon Jet Fire Hazards In The Oil And Gas Industry
And A Simplified Approach To Assessing The Hazards, Trans IChemE, Part B, Process Safety and
Environmental Protection, 2007, 85(B3): 207–220, B. J. Lowesmith, G. Hankinson, M. R. Acton and
G. Chamberlain, 2007.
4. Email from Faisal Basaffar to Mike Bates, “Product Pipeline Event Tree”, 26th March 2015.
ASSUMPTION SHEET
Assumption:
The following hazard sources have been defined for the Yanbu Distribution Hub.
Shipper Pumps
(Gasoline) - X40-G-XXX3(G) Gasoline 13842 29.5 530.1 1000 10
Future
Packages/Skids
DPK Filtration
Skid - Circulation G-5101(K) Kerosene 522 29.5 662.5 1000
pumps
DPK Filtration
5
Skid - Water D-0024(K) Kerosene 522 29.5 662.5 1000
Coalescers
DPK Filtration
D-0025(K) Kerosene 122 29.5 662.5 1000
Skid - Clay Filters
Gasoline Custody
X40-U-0014A(G) Gasoline 276 29.5 909 1000 24
Metering Skid
Diesel Custody
X40-U-0014B(D) Diesel 408 29.5 803.7 1000 22
Metering Skid 6
Kerosene
Custody Metering X40-U-0014C(K) Kerosene 430 29.5 666.7 1000 22
Skid
X40-U-0014D(G) Gasoline 276 29.5 909 1000 24
Meter Prover Skid X40-U-0014D(D) Diesel 408 29.5 803.7 1000 22 7
X40-U-0014D(K) Kerosene 430 29.5 666.7 1000 22
Justification:
Hazard sources have been defined based on the YDH PFDs and Reference 2.
References:
1. Risktec (2016) Stage 3 Building Risk Assessment Report – North Jeddah Bulk Plant Expansion Project, Report
no. MHDP-07-R-01
2. Mustang-HDP (2016) Yanbu Distribution Hub Process Equipment List Issued for 60% FEL 3, Report No. PR-
E00103, Rev A
3. Risktec Solutions DMCC, Yanbu to Jeddah Product Pipelines Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Report, Doc.
No. JZA-02-R-03, Issue 4.0, 14th October 2015.
ASSUMPTION SHEET
Assumption:
Congested areas and their associated parameters were identified based on desktop review of the plot plans.
The locations of the congested areas are shown in Attachment 1.
The congested area parameters are tabulated in Attachment 2. The parameters used in the assessment are
modified in line with the Saudi Aramco BRA Master Plan (Reference 1) in order to ensure unrealistic
overpressure are not predicted for the CAM areas where the length is significant greater than the width.
The following assumptions were applied for the congested areas associated with the piperacks:
1. As per Reference 1, the length of the piperack was limited to the 3 times of the piperack width or 50m
maximum. The lengths of long piperacks were therefore limited to 50m maximum considering that the
width of the piperacks is low. This is considered as worst case approach, i.e. higher congested area
volume. The effective length calculations were therefore not required for piperacks.
2. The CAM height for piperacks was half the height of the congested area identified (Reference 1).
3. Where no specific grids are evident, the number of grids in “L” direction was calculated from a
“L/10” ratio, i.e. one grid in “L” direction was assumed for every 10m length.
Justification:
Considered to be appropriate based on a review of Reference 1, which is also consistent with previous work
carried for a Saudi Aramco site.
References:
1. BRA Masterplan, Report No. 2517956-R-07, Issue 1
ASSUMPTION SHEET
Assumption:
Project specific fluid compositions have not been defined. As such the generic fluid compositions defined
in the FRED software was utilised (Reference 1). The compositions are as follows:
Diesel (Gas Oil)
Gasoline (typical)
Kerosene
Justification:
The data is consistent with previous work carried for Mustang-HDP/Saudi Aramco.
References:
1. Shell Global Solutions, Fire, Release, Explosion, Dispersion (FRED) Hazard Consequence Modelling
Package, Version 6.0.
CA-06 CA-07
CA-20A to
CA-19A to CA-19J CA-20K
CA-08
CA-12A to
CA-01 CA12Z
CA-12AA/AB/AC
CA-18A to
CA18F
CA-10
CA-09
CA-16A to CA-16G
CA-17A to CA-17G
CA-14A to CA-14G CA-15A to CA-15G
CA-13A to CA-13I
CA-21 (removed)
CA-23
CA-11
CA-22
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 49 4 0.10 38 43 L 43 4 0.11
CA-01 DPK Filtration Skid DPK Filtration Skid W 19 2 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 19 2 0.11
H 5 2 0.10 - - H 5 2 0.10
L 37 4 0.10 24 30 L 30 3 0.21
CA-02 PS-003 PS-003 W 12 2 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 12 2 0.13
H 5 2 0.10 - - H 5 2 0.10
L 37 4 0.10 24 30 L 30 3 0.32
CA-03 PS-009 PS-009 W 12 2 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 12 2 0.10
H 5 2 0.10 - - H 5 2 0.10
L 48 4 0.10 20 31 L 31 3 0.19
CA-04 PS-001 PS-001 W 10 2 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 10 2 0.15
H 5 1 0.10 - - H 5 1 0.20
L 46 4 0.10 20 30 L 30 3 0.19
CA-05 PS-008 PS-008 W 10 2 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 10 2 0.15
H 5 1 0.10 - - H 5 1 0.10
L 64 4 0.10 52 58 L 58 4 0.12
CA-06 PS-010 PS-010 W 26 2 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 26 2 0.10
H 5 2 0.10 - - H 5 2 0.10
L 64 4 0.10 52 58 L 58 4 0.32
CA-07 PS-004 PS-004 W 26 2 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 26 2 0.10
H 5 2 0.10 - - H 5 2 0.10
L 63 4 0.10 50 56 L 56 4 0.32
CA-08 PS-002 PS-002 W 25 2 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 25 2 0.10
H 5 2 0.10 - - H 5 2 0.10
L 27 10 0.10 26 26 L 26 10 0.10
Shaded Parking
CA-09 Shaded Parking Area (External) W 13 3 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 13 3 0.10
Area (External)
H 3 2 0.10 - - H 3 2 0.10
L 45 15 0.10 34 39 L 39 13 0.12
Assembly Point &
Assembly Point & Shaded
CA-10 Shaded Parking W 17 3 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 17 3 0.10
Parking Area
Area
H 3 2 0.10 - - H 3 2 0.10
L 72 4 0.10 42 55 L 55 3 0.10
Custody Meter &
Custody Meter & Receiving
CA-11 Receiving W 21 3 0.10 2 Yes Yes - - W 21 3 0.10
Manifold
Manifold
H 5 2 0.10 - - H 5 2 0.10
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 28 5 0.10 - - L 28 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12A Pipe Rack W 24 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 24 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AA Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AB Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AC Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12B Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12C Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12D Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12E Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12F Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12G Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12H Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12I Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12J Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12K Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12L Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12M Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12N Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12O Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12P Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12Q Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12R Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12S Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12T Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12U Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12V Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12W Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12X Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12Y Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12Z Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13A Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13B Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13C Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13D Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13E Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13F Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13G Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13H Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (east of pipe
CA-13I Pipe Rack W 25 5 0.10 2 No No - - W 25 - -
culvert/RC corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (south of DO tanks
CA-14A Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0301/0302/0303)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (south of DO tanks
CA-14B Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0301/0302/0303)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (south of DO tanks
CA-14C Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0301/0302/0303)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (south of DO tanks
CA-14D Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0301/0302/0303)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (south of DO tanks
CA-14E Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0301/0302/0303)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (south of DO tanks
CA-14F Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0301/0302/0303)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Rack (south of DO tanks
CA-14G Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0301/0302/0303)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of DPK tanks
CA-15A Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0401/0402/0403/0404)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of DPK tanks
CA-15B Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0401/0402/0403/0404)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of DPK tanks
CA-15C Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0401/0402/0403/0404)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of DPK tanks
CA-15D Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0401/0402/0403/0404)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of DPK tanks
CA-15E Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0401/0402/0403/0404)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of DPK tanks
CA-15F Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0401/0402/0403/0404)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of DPK tanks
CA-15G Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0401/0402/0403/0404)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (south of PG91/PG95
CA-16A Pipe Rack tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0101/0102/0201/0202)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (south of PG91/PG95
CA-16B Pipe Rack tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0101/0102/0201/0202)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (south of PG91/PG95
CA-16C Pipe Rack tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0101/0102/0201/0202)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (south of PG91/PG95
CA-16D Pipe Rack tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0101/0102/0201/0202)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (south of PG91/PG95
CA-16E Pipe Rack tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0101/0102/0201/0202)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (south of PG91/PG95
CA-16F Pipe Rack tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0101/0102/0201/0202)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (south of PG91/PG95
CA-16G Pipe Rack tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0101/0102/0201/0202)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 28 3 0.10 - - L 28 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-17A Pipe Rack W 9 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 9 - -
X40-D-0204/0205)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-17B Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0204/0205)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-17C Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0204/0205)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-17D Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0204/0205)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-17E Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0204/0205)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-17F Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0204/0205)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-17G Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-0204/0205)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-18A Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-XXX1/XXX2)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-18B Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-XXX1/XXX2)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-18C Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-XXX1/XXX2)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-18D Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-XXX1/XXX2)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-18E Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-XXX1/XXX2)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (north of PG91 tanks
CA-18F Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
X40-D-XXX1/XXX2)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19A Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19B Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19C Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19D Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19E Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19F Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19G Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19H Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19I Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of DO/DPK
CA-19J Pipe Rack W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
tanks X-40D-0304/0305/0405)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20A Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20B Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
Unit
Final
Use Length, 2 Effective Final Adjusted
Actual Dimensions Number Blockage Complexity Final Dimensions After Adjusted
CA Number CA Description Location With Roof? Effective x Region Length, CAM Blockage
(m) of Grids Ratio Factor CAM 2 Guidance (m) CAM Grids
Length? Width, Lo Le (m) Ratio in FRED
in FRED
(m)
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20C Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20D Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20E Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20F Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20G Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20H Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe rack (west of
CA-20I Pipe Rack PG91/PG95/DO tanks X40-D- W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
0501/0104/XXX3)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 50 5 0.10 - - L 50 - -
Pipe Culvert (RC
CA-20J Pipe Culvert (RC Corridor) W 8 3 0.10 2 No No - - W 8 - -
Corridor)
H 1 1 0.10 - - H 1 - -
L 130 5 0.15 72 97 L 97 4 0.20
Pipe Culvert (RC
CA-20K Pipe Culvert (RC Corridor) W 36 5 0.15 2 Yes Yes - - W 36 5 0.19
Corridor)
H 2 1 0.10 - - H 2 1 0.10
L 65 5 0.15 - - L 65 - -
Pipe Culvert (RC
CA-22 Pipe Culvert (RC Corridor) W 37 5 0.15 2 Yes No - - W 37 - -
Corridor)
H 2 2 0.10 - - H 2 - -
L 40 3 0.15 24 31 L 31 3 0.16
Pipe Culvert (RC
CA-23 Pipe Culvert (RC Corridor) W 12 2 0.15 2 Yes Yes - - W 12 2 0.18
Corridor)
H 5 2 0.10 - - H 2 2 0.10
Note: CA-21 is not used due to the congested area being removed during the design stages.
Table B.1: Separation Distances between Hazard Sources & Buildings (Part 1 of 3)
Table B.2: Separation Distances between Hazard Sources & Buildings (Part 2 of 3)
SAM-30(D) 774 778 746 828 534 786 910 945 950 28
YR-22(D) 778 781 750 832 534 787 906 949 955 32
YR-22(K) 783 786 756 837 532 784 899 954 960 38
SAM-30(G) 757 763 729 812 535 787 928 928 934 15
YR-24(G) 762 767 734 816 534 787 923 933 939 18
Table B.3: Separation Distances between Hazard Sources & Buildings (Part 3 of 3)
Table B.4: Separation Distances between Congested Areas & Buildings (Part 1 of 3)
Table B.5: Separation Distances between Congested Areas & Buildings (Part 2 of 3)
Table B.6: Separation Distances between Congested Areas & Buildings (Part 3 of 3)
Table C.1: Stage 2 BRA YDH Site Hazard Sources Consequence Results
L4-20(G)/Scraper-YNJ- Gasoline 1.5 F 329.00 112.21 244.53 190.46 152.72 25.06 30.46 40.42 25.88 - 189.99 109.18 69.48
1(G) Gasoline 5 D 329.00 120.79 252.27 198.95 161.66 24.98 30.38 50.70 39.59 - 108.82 69.24 39.84
Gasoline 1.5 F 213.20 68.05 195.11 143.66 107.61 25.03 30.43 40.40 25.86 - 189.72 109.03 69.38
L5-30(G)
Gasoline 5 D 213.20 73.28 201.02 149.99 113.89 24.90 30.32 50.62 39.53 - 108.46 69.02 44.13
Gasoline 1.5 F 127.50 55.37 179.52 129.49 94.22 25.03 30.43 40.40 25.86 - 189.75 109.04 69.39
L6-42(G)
Gasoline 5 D 127.50 59.65 184.13 134.40 99.04 24.81 30.24 50.54 39.46 - 108.09 68.78 43.98
Diesel 1.5 F 264.70 - - - - 25.04 32.09 40.77 25.71 - - - -
L7-30(D)
Diesel 5 D 264.70 - - - - 25.04 32.10 50.84 39.01 - - - -
Diesel 1.5 F 144.60 - - - - 25.03 32.09 40.77 25.71 - - - -
L8-48(D)
Diesel 5 D 144.60 - - - - 25.04 32.10 50.84 39.01 - - - -
Diesel 1.5 F 383.70 - - - - 25.03 32.08 40.77 25.71 - - - -
L9-24(D)
Diesel 5 D 383.70 - - - - 25.04 32.10 50.84 39.01 - - - -
Kerosene 1.5 F 378.00 - - - - 25.10 32.15 40.82 25.74 - - - -
L9-24(K)
Kerosene 5 D 378.00 - - - - 25.11 32.16 50.90 39.06 - - - -
Table C.4: Stage 2 BRA Storage Tanks Flammable Gas Dispersion Consequence Results
Release Scenario Pool Maximum Downwind Flammable Gas Dispersion Distance (m)
Wind Speed (m/s) Pasquill Mass Flow (kg/s)
Scenario Event Fluid Diameter (m) ¼ LFL ½ LFL LFL
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 115.50 145.00 1206.44 692.20 439.54
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 217.90 145.00 631.51 401.86 231.23
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 28.33 195.70 123.42 78.54
X40-D-0016A(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 28.09 122.36 71.24 44.80
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 55.02 417.12 239.70 152.53
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 52.30 55.08 239.96 152.69 87.86
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 115.50 145.00 1206.44 692.20 439.54
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 217.90 145.00 631.51 401.86 231.23
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 28.33 195.70 123.42 78.54
X40-D-0016B(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 28.09 122.36 71.24 44.80
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 55.02 417.12 239.70 152.53
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 52.30 55.08 239.96 152.69 87.86
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 154.70 167.00 1390.05 797.54 506.44
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 226.90 167.10 727.83 463.15 296.11
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 28.33 195.70 123.42 78.54
X40-D-0016C(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 42.35 27.00 117.61 68.47 43.06
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 55.02 417.12 239.70 152.53
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 63.11 55.00 239.62 152.48 87.74
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 485.60 237.00 1637.27 1032.54 657.05
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 391.10 237.00 942.51 601.15 378.08
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 39.33 271.69 171.34 109.03
X40-D-0104(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 39.01 169.94 98.94 62.23
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 77.09 584.46 368.08 233.73
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 64.40 77.00 335.45 213.46 122.83
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 115.50 145.00 1206.44 692.20 439.54
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 191.70 145.00 631.81 402.05 257.05
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 28.33 195.70 123.42 78.54
X40-D-0002A(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 27.10 28.00 122.00 71.03 44.67
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 55.02 417.12 239.70 152.53
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 44.88 195.53 124.43 71.60
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 115.50 145.00 1206.44 692.20 439.54
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 191.70 145.00 631.81 402.05 257.05
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 28.33 195.70 123.42 78.54
X40-D-0002B(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 47.59 28.01 122.03 71.05 44.68
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 55.02 417.12 239.70 152.53
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 44.88 195.53 124.43 71.60
Release Scenario Pool Maximum Downwind Flammable Gas Dispersion Distance (m)
Wind Speed (m/s) Pasquill Mass Flow (kg/s)
Scenario Event Fluid Diameter (m) ¼ LFL ½ LFL LFL
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 154.70 167.00 1390.05 797.54 506.44
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 154.70 127.40 555.02 353.19 225.81
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 28.33 195.70 123.42 78.54
X40-D-0002C(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 47.59 28.01 122.03 71.05 44.68
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 55.02 417.12 239.70 152.53
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 52.30 55.00 239.61 152.48 87.74
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 485.60 237.00 1637.27 1032.54 657.05
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 391.10 237.00 942.51 601.15 378.08
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 39.33 271.69 171.34 109.03
X40-D-0204(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 39.01 169.94 98.94 62.23
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 77.09 584.46 368.08 233.73
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 64.40 77.00 335.45 213.46 122.83
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 188.90 184.00 1530.92 878.36 557.76
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 361.70 184.00 731.81 466.76 293.56
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 34.04 235.12 148.28 94.36
X40-D-0205(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 32.98 33.00 143.75 83.69 52.63
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 67.01 508.00 319.93 185.76
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 42.63 67.02 291.98 185.80 106.91
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 485.60 237.00 1637.27 1032.54 657.05
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 485.60 237.00 860.64 550.32 336.07
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 39.33 271.69 171.34 109.03
X40-D-0501(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 39.00 169.91 98.92 62.22
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 77.09 584.46 368.08 233.73
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 55.34 77.01 335.48 213.48 122.84
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 840.60 250.00 1193.45 757.83 487.35
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 562.00 249.70 906.84 531.16 309.85
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 37.00 255.57 161.17 102.56
X40-D-XXX1(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 37.01 161.25 93.88 59.04
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 73.03 553.62 348.66 221.40
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 54.51 72.99 317.98 202.35 116.43
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 1.5 F 840.60 250.00 1193.45 757.83 487.35
Bund Vaporisation Gasoline 5 D 562.00 249.70 906.84 531.16 309.85
Spill on Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 37.00 255.57 161.17 102.56
X40-D-XXX2(G)
Spill on Roof Gasoline 5 D 24.83 37.01 161.25 93.88 59.04
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 1.5 F 24.83 73.03 553.62 348.66 221.40
Tank Sunken Roof Gasoline 5 D 54.51 72.99 317.98 202.35 116.43
DPK Filtration
CA-01 DPK Filtration Skid 0.61 5.26 2.36 - - - - - -
Skid
CA-02 PS-003 PS-003 0.51 2.40 - - - - - - -
CA-03 PS-009 PS-009 0.51 2.44 - - - - - - -
CA-04 PS-001 PS-008 0.57 3.67 - - - - - - -
CA-05 PS-008 PS-009 0.56 3.48 - - - - - - -
CA-06 PS-010 PS-010 0.70 8.99 4.99 - - - - - -
CA-07 PS-004 PS-004 0.80 12.77 8.01 3.12 - - - - -
CA-08 PS-002 PS-002 0.80 12.77 8.01 3.12 - - - - -
Shaded Parking
CA-09 Shaded Parking Area (External) 1.77 25.25 19.74 14.09 8.89 5.75 5.18 - -
Area (External)
Assembly Point
Assembly Point & Shaded Parking
CA-10 & Shaded 3.37 65.55 52.84 39.78 27.79 20.54 19.23 5.82 3.33
Area
Parking Area
Custody Meter
CA-11 & Receiving Custody Meter & Receiving Manifold 0.83 12.53 8.13 3.62 - - - - -
Manifold
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12A Pipe Rack 0.93 3.32 - - - - - - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AA Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 - - - - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AB Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 - - - - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AC Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 - - - - -
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12B Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12C Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12D Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12E Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12F Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12G Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12H Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12I Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12J Pipe Rack 0.93 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21 5.43 14.87 10.21
001/002/003/004/008/009/010)
Table D.4: Jet Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 1 of 3)
Table D.5: Jet Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 2 of 3)
Table D.6: Jet Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 3 of 3)
Table D.7: Pool Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 1 of 3)
Table D.8: Pool Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 2 of 3)
Table D.9: Pool Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 3 of 3)
Table D.13: Storage Tanks Pool Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 1 of 3)
B-02 SS-XXX2
B-01 SS-XXX1
Utility Power B-03 RIB-XXX1 B-04 RIB-XXX2 B-06 Security B-07 Security B-09 Security B-10 Security
Receiving B-05 FSF B-08 X-Ray
Hazard Sources Fire Event Substation Remote I/O Remote I/O Guard House Guard House Support Support
Substation Building Building
Transformer Building Building (A) (B) Building (A) Building (B)
Transformer Yard
Yard
X40-D-0016A(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0016A(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0016A(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0016B(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0016B(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0016B(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0016C(G) Bund Fire <4.7 4.7-12.5 4.7-12.5 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0016C(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0016C(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0104(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 4.7-12.5 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0104(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0104(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0205(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0205(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0205(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0006A(D) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 4.7-12.5 4.7-12.5 <4.7 4.7-12.5
X40-D-0006B(D) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0006C(D) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0304(D) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0305(D) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018A(K) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018A(K) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018A(K) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018B(K) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018B(K) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018B(K) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018C(K) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018C(K) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0018C(K) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0017(K) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0017(K) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0017(K) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0405(K) Bund Fire <4.7 4.7-12.5 4.7-12.5 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0405(K) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0405(K) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
B-02 SS-XXX2
B-01 SS-XXX1
Utility Power B-03 RIB-XXX1 B-04 RIB-XXX2 B-06 Security B-07 Security B-09 Security B-10 Security
Receiving B-05 FSF B-08 X-Ray
Hazard Sources Fire Event Substation Remote I/O Remote I/O Guard House Guard House Support Support
Substation Building Building
Transformer Building Building (A) (B) Building (A) Building (B)
Transformer Yard
Yard
X40-D-0009(D) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 4.7-12.5 4.7-12.5 <4.7 4.7-12.5
X40-D-0009(D) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0009(D) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0009(K) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 4.7-12.5 4.7-12.5 <4.7 4.7-12.5
X40-D-0009(K) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0009(K) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002A(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002A(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002A(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002B(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002B(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002B(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002C(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002C(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0002C(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0204(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 4.7-12.5 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0204(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0204(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0501(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 4.7-12.5 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0501(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-0501(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-XXX1(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-XXX2(G) Bund Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-XXX1(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-XXX1(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-XXX2(G) Tank Top Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-XXX2(G) Rim Seal Fire <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
X40-D-XXX3(D) Bund Fire 4.7-12.5 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7 <4.7
Table D.14: Storage Tanks Pool Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 2 of 3)
Table D.15: Storage Tanks Pool Fire Heat Flux Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 3 of 3)
Table D.16: Storage Tanks Flammable Gas Dispersion Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 1 of 3)
Table D.17: Storage Tanks Flammable Gas Dispersion Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 2 of 3)
B-20 Custody
B-18 Sanitary B-19 Utility
B-11 OME B-12 Operation B-14 Chemical B-15 Operation B-16 IDAS B-17 IDAS Metering
Hazard Sources Event B-13 Musalla Metering Water Metering
Building Building Shelter Shelter Shelter-001 Shelter-002 Shelter (Vendor
Shelter-Marafiq Shelter -Marafiq
Package)
Bund
X40-D-0016A(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0016A(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
X40-D-0016A(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0016B(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0016B(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
X40-D-0016B(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0016C(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0016C(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL
X40-D-0016C(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0104(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0104(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
X40-D-0104(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0205(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/2LFL-LFL LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0205(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
X40-D-0205(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0002A(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0002A(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL
X40-D-0002A(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0002B(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0002B(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL
X40-D-0002B(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0002C(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0002C(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL
X40-D-0002C(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0204(G) 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL LFL LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0204(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
X40-D-0204(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-0501(G) 1/2LFL-LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/2LFL-LFL LFL LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/2LFL-LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-0501(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/2LFL-LFL LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
B-20 Custody
B-18 Sanitary B-19 Utility
B-11 OME B-12 Operation B-14 Chemical B-15 Operation B-16 IDAS B-17 IDAS Metering
Hazard Sources Event B-13 Musalla Metering Water Metering
Building Building Shelter Shelter Shelter-001 Shelter-002 Shelter (Vendor
Shelter-Marafiq Shelter -Marafiq
Package)
X40-D-0501(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-XXX1(G) <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/2LFL-LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-XXX2(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL
X40-D-XXX1(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Bund
X40-D-XXX1(G) <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Vapourisation
X40-D-XXX2(G) Tank Sunken Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
X40-D-XXX2(G) Spill On Roof <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL 1/4LFL-1/2LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL <1/4LFL
Table D.18: Storage Tanks Flammable Gas Dispersion Stage 2 BRA Results (Part 3 of 3)
Explosion Overpressure at
Congested Areas
Buildings (psi)
B-11 OME B-12 Operation
Number Description Location
Building Building
DPK Filtration
CA-01 DPK Filtration Skid 0.01 0.01
Skid
CA-02 PS-003 PS-003 0.00 0.00
CA-03 PS-009 PS-009 0.00 0.00
CA-04 PS-001 PS-001 0.01 0.01
CA-05 PS-008 PS-008 0.01 0.01
CA-06 PS-010 PS-010 0.01 0.03
CA-07 PS-004 PS-004 0.03 0.04
CA-08 PS-002 PS-002 0.03 0.09
Shaded
Shaded Parking Area
CA-09 Parking Area 0.01 0.01
(External)
(External)
Assembly Point
Assembly Point &
CA-10 & Shaded 0.01 0.01
Shaded Parking Area
Parking Area
Custody Meter
Custody Meter &
CA-11 & Receiving 0.01 0.01
Receiving Manifold
Manifold
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12A Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.00 0.00
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AA Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.06
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AB Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.03 0.10
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12AC Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12B Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12C Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12D Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12E Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Explosion Overpressure at
Congested Areas
Buildings (psi)
B-11 OME B-12 Operation
Number Description Location
Building Building
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12F Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12G Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12H Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12I Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12J Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12K Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12L Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12M Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12N Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12O Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.01
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12P Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.03
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12Q Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.03
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12R Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.03
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12S Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.01 0.03
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12T Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.03 0.04
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12U Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.03 0.03
/009/010)
Explosion Overpressure at
Congested Areas
Buildings (psi)
B-11 OME B-12 Operation
Number Description Location
Building Building
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12V Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.03 0.04
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12W Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.03 0.06
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12X Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.03 0.07
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12Y Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.03 0.06
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (along PS-
CA-12Z Pipe Rack 001/002/003/004/008 0.03 0.09
/009/010)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13A Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.01 0.01
corridor)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13B Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.01 0.01
corridor)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13C Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.01 0.01
corridor)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13D Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.01 0.01
corridor)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13E Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.01 0.01
corridor)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13F Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.01 0.01
corridor)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13G Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.00 0.00
corridor)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13H Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.01 0.01
corridor)
Pipe Rack (east of
CA-13I Pipe Rack pipe culvert/RC 0.01 0.01
corridor)
Pipe Rack (south of
CA-14A Pipe Rack DO tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.00
0301/0302/0303)
Pipe Rack (south of
CA-14B Pipe Rack DO tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.00
0301/0302/0303)
Explosion Overpressure at
Congested Areas
Buildings (psi)
B-11 OME B-12 Operation
Number Description Location
Building Building
Pipe Rack (south of
CA-14C Pipe Rack DO tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.00
0301/0302/0303)
Pipe Rack (south of
CA-14D Pipe Rack DO tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.00
0301/0302/0303)
Pipe Rack (south of
CA-14E Pipe Rack DO tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.00
0301/0302/0303)
Pipe Rack (south of
CA-14F Pipe Rack DO tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.00
0301/0302/0303)
Pipe Rack (south of
CA-14G Pipe Rack DO tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.00
0301/0302/0303)
Pipe rack (north of
DPK tanks X40-D-
CA-15A Pipe Rack 0.00 0.00
0401/0402/
0403/0404)
Pipe rack (north of
DPK tanks X40-D-
CA-15B Pipe Rack 0.00 0.00
0401/0402/
0403/0404)
Pipe rack (north of
DPK tanks X40-D-
CA-15C Pipe Rack 0.00 0.00
0401/0402/
0403/0404)
Pipe rack (north of
DPK tanks X40-D-
CA-15D Pipe Rack 0.00 0.00
0401/0402/
0403/0404)
Pipe rack (north of
DPK tanks X40-D-
CA-15E Pipe Rack 0.00 0.00
0401/0402/
0403/0404)
Pipe rack (north of
DPK tanks X40-D-
CA-15F Pipe Rack 0.00 0.00
0401/0402/
0403/0404)
Pipe rack (north of
DPK tanks X40-D-
CA-15G Pipe Rack 0.00 0.00
0401/0402/
0403/0404)
Pipe rack (south of
PG91/PG95 tanks
CA-16A Pipe Rack 0.01 0.01
X40-D-0101/0102/
0201/0202)
Explosion Overpressure at
Congested Areas
Buildings (psi)
B-11 OME B-12 Operation
Number Description Location
Building Building
Pipe rack (south of
PG91/PG95 tanks
CA-16B Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0101/0102/
0201/0202)
Pipe rack (south of
PG91/PG95 tanks
CA-16C Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0101/0102/
0201/0202)
Pipe rack (south of
PG91/PG95 tanks
CA-16D Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0101/0102/
0201/0202)
Pipe rack (south of
PG91/PG95 tanks
CA-16E Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0101/0102/
0201/0202)
Pipe rack (south of
PG91/PG95 tanks
CA-16F Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0101/0102/
0201/0202)
Pipe rack (south of
PG91/PG95 tanks
CA-16G Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0101/0102/
0201/0202)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-17A Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.00
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-17B Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.01 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-17C Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-17D Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-17E Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-17F Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-17G Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.00 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-18A Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.01 0.01
0204/0205)
Explosion Overpressure at
Congested Areas
Buildings (psi)
B-11 OME B-12 Operation
Number Description Location
Building Building
Pipe rack (north of
CA-18B Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.01 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-18C Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.01 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-18D Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.01 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-18E Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.01 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (north of
CA-18F Pipe Rack PG91 tanks X40-D- 0.01 0.01
0204/0205)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19A Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19B Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19C Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19D Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19E Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19F Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19G Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19H Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19I Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Pipe rack (west of
CA-19J Pipe Rack DO/DPK tanks X-40D- 0.00 0.00
0304/0305/0405)
Explosion Overpressure at
Congested Areas
Buildings (psi)
B-11 OME B-12 Operation
Number Description Location
Building Building
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20A Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20B Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20C Pipe Rack 0.00 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20D Pipe Rack 0.01 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20E Pipe Rack 0.01 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20F Pipe Rack 0.01 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20G Pipe Rack 0.01 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20H Pipe Rack 0.01 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20I Pipe Rack 0.01 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20I Pipe Rack 0.01 0.01
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe rack (west of
PG91/PG95/DO tanks
CA-20I Pipe Rack 0.01 0.03
X40-D-0501/
0104/XXX3)
Pipe Culvert Pipe Culvert (RC
CA-22 0.01 0.03
(RC Corridor) Corridor)
CA-23 PS-007 Slop Pump Shelter 0.00 0.00
Table D.22: Summary of the Worst Case Explosion Results at the YDH Buildings