Chapter One

1. Introduction
In the past centuries, tanks were filling using manual system, so filling tank were full, energy and
time consuming. Now we are going to design water level controller that uses single motor and
PIC 16F877A microcontroller. In many industrial processes, control of liquid level is required.
It was reported that emergency shut-downs in the nuclear power plant are caused by poor control
of the steam generator water level. Such shutdowns greatly decrease the plant availability and
must be minimized.

The project "automatic water level control system" is designed to monitor the level of liquid in
the tank. The system has an automatic pumping system attached to it so as to refill the tank once
the liquid gets to the lower threshold, while offing the pump once the liquid gets to the higher
threshold. Sustainability of available water resource in many reason of the word is now a
dominant issue.

In most houses and buildings, water is first received and stored in the ground or sometimes
underground tank. The received water supply is allowed to fill the source tank first, and a water
pump motor is then switched on manually so that the water from the lower tank is pumped and
shifted into the upper tank on the roof. Once the water from the lower tank is transferred into the
upper tank until it completely fills, the pump is again manually switched off. This results in the
unnecessary wastage and sometimes non availability of water in the case of emergency. The
water level control system automatically maintains the desired level of water in series of tanks,
when source tank water empty the microcontroller send signal to the buzzer to give sound. On
the top tank, it switches ON the pump when the water level in the tanks goes below a
predetermined minimum set level and switches it OFF as soon as the water level reaches
the predetermined maximum level in the tanks to prevent them from overflowing, it
maintains the water at a five fixed levels. The five levels of the tank are displayed on the LCD as
very low, Low, Medium, High, and FULL. User has the flexibility to decide the water level set
points for the operations of pump. It ensures no overflows there by saving energy and water.
Moreover the system consumes very little energy for continuous operation. Water is provided
to the housing by a water tank that is situated on top of the