Design of Transmission Elements

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D ES ı
G N O F
TR A N S M ı
S S IO N E LE M E N T S
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PR A B H U

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C O N TEN T S
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Ļc k n ow le d g e m en
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9 R o llin g C o n ta c t B e a r in gs ngi
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16 G en ev a M e c h a n is m
17 R a tc h e t an d P aw l M e c h a n is m
18 W ir e R o p e s
19 A d d iū o n a l In fo rm a tio n / P r o b le m s
20 E x e rc is e P r o b le m s
21 S h o r t Q u e s tio n s
22 0 b je c tiv e T y \ Q u e s tio n s 22 1 22 7
R e fe r e n c s
S u p p le m e iıţ A (1 4 7)

T
A C K N O W L E D G EM E N
ber o f bo o ks w e rĺ
f m y le c tu r e n q te s A n u m
T h is b o o k g r e w o u t o th o
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pu b lis h e r s o f th o s e b o o k s
b e lo v e d Ľ iıa ir m a r
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w is h to ex p re ss m y
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M a dra s )
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rin th e s u g g e s tio
d fo
S p e c ia l th m ık s
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T J PR A RH U
P ACE T RD T ıU ￡ W T H E D W O N
SU P P L E M E N T A ,
ha s be e n ex p a n de d to in c lu d e
N E W P R O B L E M S in t h is e ilit io n
T J PRA B Æ

1 . SP U R G EAR S
1 1 S p u r H e lic a l a n d b e v e l e a r s c o m e m t ı e r to o th e tt * o a r ln * W
.
g o rm an d
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w o rm w h e e l m a k e a " s c re w
a n d to o th e d g e a r ' d r iv e a n d c a n ı w v i* \ı
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a s c re w an d n u t i
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1 2 A d v a n ta g e s o f T oo th e d G e a r iı
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ıg
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m a c hin e ûo o ls a u to m o b ile s m
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ır ,
P o w e r p la ııts e tç , d u e to th e ir (a ) c o m a c t ı a y o u l (R e f T a h to ı I) (b ) hlh
p
e fric ie n c y , (c ) r e lia b ilit
,
y in o p e r a tio n an d (d ) c o n a ta n t v e ıo o lly n ıılo (u n lik e th*

b e lt d r iv e s , th e re is n o s li th d ń
p e v e is p o s itiv e)
T a bı e 1 1 C o m p a r is o n o f T 5 k w D r lv e e
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i
D r iv e s M ax o c EÐï n
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V b e lt w ith s te e l w ir e co re 50
T oo th e d g e a rs
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15 0 18 0 (h e n c e fin d a p p lic a tio n s
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. .
A u to n ıo tiv e difrentials r u n m o n a th a n 16 0 0 0 0 k m b e fo , re th e y n e e d to
be r e p la c e d T h is in d ic a te s th a t to o th e d e a r s h a v e lo n
g g ı
ife an d » 1« W hly

1 2
ï 1e lia bı
e
t h ig h e r sp e e d s
1 N o is ie r o p e r * tio tı a
1 1)
2 C o s t (R e f T a b le
m a te r ia l fo r ge a
g th e
rs
i ns in c h o o s in
lm p o r tu ıt c o ııs id e r a t o
] he
ł
be d
te r ia ls ı
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lı
im p o r tın t d e r a n on m e ta lli m a
tin g th e v a r io u s flic tin
m a d e in m ee con
u s ııa lly a p n »m
co n ı is e ıs g
t w m m eM s
1 & 1 C a s t Ir o n
i b iı ity , M g h w e a r r e s is ta n c e a n d
L ow n a te
cost ı ń a l, h a s g o o d m a c h n a
o f lo w te n s ile s tr e n t
ıe n t p r o p e r ty
C I h a s th e d is a d v a n ta g e gh
g o o d n o is e ・b a te n
ww 1 & ı S *ee ls
s hav e M ghe r sn g t h W e a r r e s is t y an c e y n eat
u = ıl u c ıııı a ıL w o
w tre a t m e n t
,
C a r b o n o r a llo y s te e ı
o f th e a p p lic a tio n .Ea

s w ith o u t s p e c
if th e s u r fa c e h a r c h e s s o f th e s e
ia l h e a t tr e a tm e n
h
t c a n a ls o be
u n t r e a n Į a te r ia ls m e e t t e r e q u ir e m e n t
d in nig h t a ııd m e d itu ıı d u ty d ń v e s
syE
S te e ls w ith B H N < 3 5 o a r e u s e
U s u a lly h e a t t n ıe ııt is g iv e n to th e b la n s
s u r fa c e s h o u ld b e h a f d e r
k b e fo r e th e te e th a r e c u t Ħn io n
i
th a n th iıt o f g e a r , b e c a u s e p in o n ı
ıa s to r u n fo r g re a te r
ııu ıııb e r o f c y c le s th a n \
BH N ngi
T h e d ifre r e n c e h ı h a r d n e s s s h o u ld b e a tle a s t 20
co m pac ı
s te e ls w ith B H N > 3 5 o a r e u s e d in h e a v y d u ty
ııe s s is r e q u ir e d nee č iv e s a n d a ls o w h e r e
A fte r c u ttin g th e te e th h e a t tr e a tm e n t is d o n e a n d
to p r o v id e a d fï e r e n c e in
ti
g r o *m d to e lim in a te d is to r o n s e
tc T h e r e is n o n
s w la c e h a l ld lıe s s b e tw e e n p in io n a n
d g ea r
rin
o r w eł
A U g e a r s o v e r 15 0 m m d ia m e te r a r e m a d e fr o m
d m e n ts G e a r s o f s iæ ın o r e th a n 5 0 0 m m in d ia n ıe te r a r e d iffic u t o
l t hea t
g.n
e ith e r c a s tin g s fo r sin g s ,
tr e a t
.
W D e n C I o r s te e l c a s tin g s a f e u s e d fo r g e a r , p in io n is o f fo rg e d s
1 8 3 N o n M e ta lı
N y lo n
ic G e a r s
,
F ib r e r e in fo rc e d p la s tic s (F R P )
e
te e l
t
A dv a n ta g e s
ib r a tio n 3 M u fa c tu r in g
1 Q u ie t o p e r a tio n 2 D am p in g o f sh o c k an d v a rı
心じ口口o 1ı
ıy
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1 L o w lo a d c a r r y in g c a pa c ity 2 Low he a t co n đu c tiv ity
1 9
. .
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岗 1 9 ıT
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oo th B r e a k a g e
哨
e
Ħ ıe p e r io d ic a l e fre c t o f th is lo a d m ay le a d to th e d e v e lo p ıııe «ıt o f fa tigu
o ver
lo ıd
T o o th can a ls o
b e fra c tu r e d b y a c o n s id e r a b le sılo t t tim ee
ngth (F ig
S ° r y p e a k lo a d ) w h e n in «lu c e d s tre s s e x c e e d s th e u ltim a b ĵ

1 3
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1 9 2 S u r fa
. . . ce F a ih ır e s G e tı
e ra lly c a lle d w r
习旅 tin g
u r e m e u r s d u e to m a tı
S u r fa c e fa tig u e fa iı y re p e titio n s o f h ig h c o n ta c t
s tr e s s e s (F ig 1 3 c)
b ) A b r a s io n (F ig 1 3 d )
It is d u e to a b r a s io a o f le e ţ h s u r la c e s b y m e ta l p a r tic ı e s a n d fo r e i n
g
m a te r ia l e n te r in g th e o o n ta c t z o ııe T h is w e a r w te a k e n s th e te e th d e c r
e a se s
,
th e ir s e c tio n in c r e a s e s d ıe w o r k itıg s tr e s s e s a ıtd c a m s e s b r e a k in

, g o f th e te e ?

ıı园
1 4
戸
G 13d
F ı F IG 1 3 e
F IG 1 3 c
F IG 1 3 o F IG 1 3 b
G EA R F A IL U R E S
ww
w c ) S e im / S c o ń n g (F ig 1 3 e )
its v is c o s ity fa lls

e
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U n d e r h e a v y lo a d th e te m p e r a tu r e o
f th e lu b r ic a tin g o il r a p id ly r is e s a n d
A s a r e s u lt th e o il fıln ı b r e a k s a n
d th e te e th e n g a g e e a c h
syE
,
i l s a r e to m a w a y fr o sn
T h e n a s th e g e a r s r o ta te s o fte r p a r t c e
o th e r s n u g iy ,
h s u r fa c e s
eth ı e a v in g s c o r e s a ııd s c r a tc e s o n
,
h
1 9 3 0 e n d f iv e s fa il b w e a r a n d fr a c tu r e o f te e th w e r e a s c o s e
l d d ï iv e s fa il
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p
b y p it
o stin g
y
g th C a lc u la tio n
ngi
1 10 B e a m Sł
.
r e iı
d th a t th e to o th is a c u ıtile v e r w ith tip lo a d (F ig ı4 ) ]n

It is a s su m e
th e a c tu a l c a s e m a x im iın ı lo a d o c c u r s in th e m iM le
nee s
It is a ls o a s s u m e d th a t o m 】y
a s in g le p a ir ta k e s th e lo a d A c tu a lly a s e c o n d p a ir w ill a ls o b e s h a r in g t e o d
h l a
rin
R e fe r to F ig 1 4 G ear th r e e F n is r e s o lv e
g.n
d in to ta n g e n ū a l c o m p o n e n t
e
Ft a n d ra d ia ıc o m po n e iıt F
,
B
B
w
en
en
he
d in g
d in g
re Z
m om
s tr e s s a
=
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t th e
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2
=
base
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F th
o
,
d u lu s
c'
b
- M
o f
/Z ,
s e c tio n )
t e o11
F g iv e s d ir e c t c o m p r e s s iv e s h e s s p a ilu r e in th e fo r m o f fr a c tu r
r ct
,
t o f dire
L H s id e is c a u s e d b y te n s iı
,
e s tr e s s c '
t
H e n ce , y th e e ffe c
u s u a lı
c o m pr e s s iv t
e s re s s i l
s n e g e c te d
F th
b￠
N o w Đ
b
=
or F, = a'
(1 / 6 ) b t?
,
b
M u ltip ly d
a iı d iv id e F by p
t c
2
bt p.
c í - _ ic
Pc c ir c u la r p itc h
-
ľ
66
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pc
2
-
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T h e te ith in th e s q u a r e b r a c k e ts is k n o iw n a s fo r m fa c to r
rm w
四国 ,
醒园田
F o m ı fa c to r is a d lr ııe n s ia ıle s s q w ￠ ity If th e g e a r ıs
d im e n s io n s \ h a iıd p c w ill e a c h b e in e r e a s e q p a \o p o r tio a a te ı
,
y H
en ce
o f y w ill i e m a in u n c h a n g
ŁE q
ł

1 6
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i
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Te
syEn s iı
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nee
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rin
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e t
G eo r 2
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T w .Ea
syE T
1 13 D B e n d in g S tr e s s [o 】
e s ig n
b ngi m m o d u le
g
T h e r e fo r e a llo w a b le s tre s s e s m u s t b e d e te rm in e d o
,
p
nee
T h e to o th b r e a k a g e is c a u s e d b y fa ti u e d u e to r e e a te d b e n d i
n g
n th e b a s is o f e n d u n m ce
s tr e s s e s
lim it
[o b ] =
cr
1 fo r r o ta tio n in o n e d ir e c tio n
rin (1 1)
fo f r o ta tio n in b o th d ir e c tio g.n

e (1 2 )
n s
?
1
fiı
life fa c to r
e n d u r a n c e lim it i
,
T a b le 1 6
le t s tr e s s c o *ıc e ııtr a ti
o s fa c to r
,
n r e v e rs e d b e d i
n
T a b le 1 7
n g , T a b le 1 8
t
n fa c to r o f s a fe t T b
y , a le 1 9
T a bı
e 1 6 L ife F a c to r fo r B
e n d in
.
g , K bı
M a te r ia ı
Y
S u r fa t
K bl
ś 35 0
10 7
10 7
S te e l
*
> 35 0
<
Ųio 7 1N
25 7
× 10 0 7
C a s t lr o n « 25 × 10 7
* If th e c a s e h a d
r n e ss H B
> 35 0
Y w /N
c o e ffic im t k and th e
i
b ı s o b ta in e d fo r H B
c o re ha r d n
< 35 0
e ss H B < 35 0 ,
th e n th e
n q « = i n r
1 7
T * hb \ 7 S ır e s s C o ı o n p a c tn r fo r F iı
ı * K
.
￠ .
o
M a h w la ı ı
lm 1«ııï nıt K .
S le d m \m w lis «x \ s u r li« ų h a n ıc
.
I 5
S ïe« ł Ta se h a n h ţ \\ \ w tth ų \
.
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I 2
T a 18 E n du ra ï« e L im it, o
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ı
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or
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E n d ıır a n c e u n ıit in R ew rse d
ı
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F o rged S
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y
C a st s l s
ww A llo y ee ı
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0 35
.
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ar
U
ı u ltim a te
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w *ie ar
s th
s tn H ı N / m n ı cr y ie ı
d s tr e s s N / m m
syE
u , ,
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T ıb ı
e 1 9 M e ta r o f S a fe ty , n
M ıite ria ı ì e of T H T F a c to r o f
ngi
e ıt Ħ* t ın m t
L ın a n u fa t t ıır e S a f« y , n
S te e l m :- N o h e n t tr e a tm en t 2 5
C nst
S ıc e ı
tr o n
w # F o rge d
T cm
nee
p ç ro d
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N o rm a lis «x l
n e d
rin 2 5
2 0
1 . ıD e s i g n C o n ta c t S tn es s [ a 'c ]
g.n
S u r fa c e s tr e q g th is p ro p o r tio n a l to th e s u r fa c e h a r h e s s
a llo w a b le c a ıt a c t s tre s s is o e d
s u it ıb le c o e ffic ie n ts a n d life fs c ı o rs
,
b y m u ltip ly in g th e h a r d n e s s
e T h e r e fo r e ,
n u n ıbe r b y
t
mw wn w R
,
C B o r C R co e ffic ie n t d e p e n d in g o n th e s u r fa c e h a rd n ess ,
T a b le I 10
HB o r HRC B r in e lıo r R a c kw eı
ıh a r d n e s s be r
n u ııı
Ķ life fa c to r, T a bł
e 1 11
l
1 1 & In d u c e d C on ta c t S ır e s s a
T b e te e th a re c o n s id e r e d a s tw o c o n tıc t in g c yı
in d e rs T he ra d i o f th e s e
equ al to th e r ıd ii o f c u r v a tu r e o f th e to o th Ħ o file s a t
c y lĖıd e m a r e
b ıs is o f tlıis a s s u ın p t io n it h a s b e c o po ss iM e to c a lc u la ł
p itc h p o in t O n ,
m e e
th e c o n b ıc t s u e s s ı
n ıg d ıe r e s u s o
u si l f itı s t ig a ti«m s
v e o f c o n ta M ï eıı gth o f
.
c yı in Č ic ıı w iııa e ķ (F ig I 6)

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b e c o m e b r o a d e r a t th e r o o t a d h °
,
n e n c e s tr o n e r T h 2 0 t b h is s u b je c t
.Ea g e s u k x )t
to a s t ilım ıa lle r in te r fe r e
n c e b e c a u s e o f s h o r te r a d d e n d u S tu b t h a r e
m
c o n s id e ra b ly s tr o n e r th a
g n fiū ıd e p th te e th b e c a u s e o f s m a lle r m o m e n t a r m o f
syE
,
th e b e n d in g fo r c e P r o d u c tio n c o s t is le s s fo r s tu b s s te m b
y e c a tıse , ı
o8= m ta ı
is c u t a w a y S in c e s m a lle r n u m b e r o f te e th
,
(14 ) is p e r m itte d to a v o id
in te r fe r e ııc e , th e d r iv e b e c o m e s m o r e c
o m pac t
ngi
nee u lıd e p th
S td
rin
o lu t e
S tu b g.n
S O N O F TO O T H
o th
e t
G 1 10 C O M p A R ı
Fı
S H A P ES
f
1 2 3 D e s ig n o f In te r n a l G e a r s (A p p e n d ix - 5 )
1 U s e n e g a tiv e s ig n iīıth e d e s ig n fo r m u la s fo r ` (E q n 1 5 ) , c ' (E q n 1 8)
. b
a n d a (E q n ı9 )
2 C e n tr e d is ta iıc e a -
m m
2
Probı
em 1 1
T w o s p u r g e a f s a r e to b e u s e d fo r a ro ċ k c r u s h e r d r iv e a n d a r e to
o f m in im u m s iz e G e a r s a r e to b e ile s ig n e d fo r th e fo ı lo w in g r e q iılre m e n ts ,
P o w e r to b e tr a n s m itte d 1 8 k w , s p e e d o f p in io n 12 0 0 rp m , a n g u ı a r v e lo c ity
r a tio 3 5 : 1 to o th p r o file 2 0
°
t
s u b A s s u m e th a t g e a r s a re m a d e o f c a s e
,
h a r d e n e d a llo y s te e l D e s ig n th e d r iv e
B o th g e a r s a r e m a d e o f s a m e m a te r ia l H e n c e d e ġ ig n o n ly th e p in io n ,

o i i#
A a *u m e
15 N 12 C r ıM l
.
h m lı y ım Jı
1 a ı: c ı»
M ııte r ı m l
ı ı o r
tb a tı 3 5 0 B
H N ( a b 1 17 )
T b ,
・r d n * ıı le ı*
,
.
h an Į n e » ß 5 5 R C a n d c o re ĥ
ca ao
D e n lp n St r e«e s
; ,
A um e a life o f 2 0 , 0 0 0 h ra
1 6 T a b le 1 12 )
0 5 N /m
ı
2 (E q n .
E - 2 l ,
× m
1 4 K bl Đ 1
3b . l b] =
cr
n Ko
in direccion on ly )
(A ro ta tio n one .
ssu m e
? = 0 35 cr + 12 0 (fo r a llo y e te e ı
)
1 .
.
2
? - 10 4o N /m m fo r c a ee h a r d n e ıa 6 3 R C
U
2
ww T h e re fo
2 (fo
re ,
r c a se
ŕ
1
° 0 35
.
ha r d e n e d
× 10 4 0 + 12 0
ßte e l)
- 4 84 N m 业处
w
n =
11o 12 (fo r ha r d e n e d s te e l)
.Ea case
=
n
l
- 12 0 0 rp m (s iv e n )
L ife
Fo r s te e
=
l,
syE
2 0 , 0 00
s u r fa c e
× 60
ha r d n
× 12 00
e ae
=
>
14 4
35 0 B H N
× 10
7
c y c le s
c o re h a rd n e es < 350 B H N
ngi
,
7
an d life N 10 ,
K bl ・ 1 (T a b le 1 6 ) ,
T h e re fo r e , [? b ] .
14
2
×
×
1 ×
1 2
4 84
= 2 8 2 3 N /m
nee nı
2
3c . [? . ] = CR H RC K cl
rin (E q n 1 4)
Por c a se h a rde n e d a llo y s te e ıC
R
- 28
g.n (T a b le 1 10 )
.
T he r e fo r e [c r ] -
,
Po
N
r s te e l w
,
25 × 10
ith
7
￠ ,
e u r fa c e
K ,- 0 5 85
2 8 × 5 5 × 0 5 85 .
h a r d ıtie s 8 >
- 90 1 N / m
35 0 B H N
m
2
.
an d
e (T a b le 1 1 1) .
t
D e s ig n to r q u e
4 A s su m e k k 13
.
,
d
-
(in itia lly )
5 A
. s su m e
\ - 1 5 fo r m e d iu m s ho c k (r o c k ab e r
cn ı ) (T a b le 1 13 )
.
( 1 7)
zn n
= po w er
( P in io n to r q u e ) =
8 000 × 60
2n
・ 14 3 2 4 N an
× 12 0 0
IM t】 1 5 =
× I3 × 14 3 2 4
7
* 280 N m
To eaı
cu ı
ı*e
e
・
Į ,

1 2 1
2 I × 105 × 2 80 0 0 0 ,
[9 0 1] 3 5 × 0 3
V - 0 3 (a s s u m e d )
°
8 A ssu m e z
l
-
p in io n to o th be r
n un ı - 16 , fo r 2 0 s tu b s y s te m
Z2 - iz l - 3 5 × 16 - 56
9 C a lc u la te m o d u le
16 + 5 6 夕
A do pt m - 5, (s ta n d a r d ) (T a b le 1 2 0 )
10 .
R e v is e a ¡! \ı
ww a =
m (z l
2
+ z
2 )
-
5 (1 6 +
2
5 6)
- 180 m n ı
w
O b ta irı,
b
dl
=
-
y
m
a
z
-
l
0 3
= .Ea 5
×
×
18 0
16 =
= 54
80 m
m
m
n ı
p itlc h lin e velity syE

-
7c dl n
l
.
7o ×
60
80 × 12 0 0
. 5 m /s e c
ngi
60 × 10 0 0 × 10 0 0
an d V
p
-
Ę - - 0 6 75
1 ı A s s u m e IS q u a lit y 8 g e a
.
12 0 b ta in n e w v a lu e s o f k
.
rs
an
(T a b le
d kd nee
an
1 2 1 ), fo
d r e v is e
f Jpitc h lin e v e o c ity 5
ı m ls
Fo r b e a r in g s c lo s e to ge a rs a ııd e tr ic a
sym n ı l, V
p
-
rin
0 8 ,
k = 1 06
F o r c y lin d r ic a l g e a r s IS q u a lity 8 p in io n s u r fa c e h a r d n e s s > , ,

g.n (T a b le 1 14 )
35 0 B H N
a n d p itc h lin e v e lo c ity 8 n ı
[M ] = k
13
t
T
k K
o
o
M -
c a lc u ı
a te
se c w e ge t k
d
d
1 4 (T a b le 1 15 )
1 5 × 1 0 6 × 1 4 × 1 4 3 2 = 3 18 8 5 N n ı
t
d ıe in d u ce d
,
s tr e s s e s
-
e t
c i
b
-
tw '
tJ w q ıı ı O )
18 0 × 5 × 54 × 0 4 44
(F o m ı fa c to r fo r z
l
- 16 , y - 0 3 55 (T a b le 1 16 ) F o r s tu b to o th ,
y - 0 35 5 / 0 8 = 0 4 4 3 7)
? 2
◆ = 6 6 5 N /m m < [c íb ] = 2 82 3 N / m m
b
l+ l 1
li l
o - 0 74 V E M ı (E q n . 1 5)
. a
- 。7 4 \ 니\ ・・, .
■
" iw is w t is fa c ta r y

1 1 2 2
(T a b le 1 2 3 )
ı4 B o tto m c le a r a n c e c = 0 3 m = l 5 n u n
.
T oo th d ë p th h = 1 9 m = 9 5m n ı
d l (z l + 2 ) m - 88 n ın ı
T ip d ia m e te r a
-
fo s tu b to o th )
( = 0 8 ,
r
d* 2 - (z 2 + 24)m - 28 8 m m
2c 69
R oot d ia m e te r dn = (z , 2 )m - M ın
2c 269
d f2 - (z 2 2 )m - m m
M o b le m 1 2
T w o s h a fts 30 0 m m a pa rt u a n sm ittin g 7 4 6 k w a r e to b e c o n n le c te d b ì
a l p in io ıı m e s h in g w ith a c a s t ir o n
s te e gear T h e v e lo c ity r a tio o f th e ? i
A s s u m in g 2 0 in v o lu te to o th p r o file
°
is 3 1 a n d th e p in io n r u n s a t 6 0 0 r p n ı
ww d e s ie 吐吐ıe ? iv e
ı S d e c tio n o f ın a te r ia l
w P in io
an
G
d
e ar
n
.Ea
c o fe
C 14
h a fd n
C I g ra d e 3 0
ca se
e ss
h a r d e n e d to 5 5 R C
< 350 B H N
：飞
(T a b le 1 17 )
2 S iııc e th e
A ssu m e
syE
c e n tr e
2 a / (z ı+ Z2) =
l
-
Đ s ta iıc e is
25 ,
z2
(2
- iz
spe c
l
=
ifie d
3 ×
3 0 0 ) / (2 5 + 7 5 ) = 6 m
,
d ir e c tly p r o c e e d to
25 = 75
o b ta in th e m o d u le .
ngi
m - × m
3 D ifle r e n t m a te r ia ls a f e u s e d fo r th e p in io n an d gear D s ig n th e p in io n fin st

a n d c h e c k th e g e a r
及 C a k u la ä 心目 o f p e n ııis s ib ı e s tr e s s e s
A s s ıim e a life o f 1 0 0 0 0 h o ï ır s
nee
T h e re fo r e N o o f c y c læ N = 10 0 0 0,
A s s ım ıe u n id if ìe c tio n a l o e r a tio n
,
× 60 × 6no
rin
. ąK v 1n 7
w bı
1 4 K ūŁ
-
p
o g.n
e
n I
=
1 4
2 ×
×
1 2
1
× 222 5
,
- 1 (C o r e < 35 0 B H N ) (T a b le 1 6 )
t
: i v i īr i n = 2 (c a s e h a r d e n e d )
Fo
, (f a b le 1 9)
r fo r g e d s te e l
O - 0 25 (C i.
1 + O
y
)+ 50 (T a b le t 8)
Fo r C 14 o - 4 5 0 N /m ?
m (T a b le 1 1 8 )
,
u
【
(T J = C H RC R
E
u
,
= 22 × 55 × 0 5 85
:
A G
C
s
= 22
T0 8 N Tm 2
*
m
. ł i ir es p
-
c ı
= 0 5 85
(T a bı
e 1 in

1 訪
5 . D n *n r q a e
ĺ M t】- k n k k d M t fE w t 7)
7 妫 iぴダ 6 0
螞 p in im
,
-
\ 一
。。
。。 =
2 tr / 600
K o
= 1 (a * * » m e d)
A r* u m e V = 0 3
T h e r e fo re b =
y a = 0 3 ( 30 0 = 90
,
m ı
d z 25 6 15 0
lm
= =
t × ・
n ıı
n
90
Yp リノ ıı 一
リ心
ー
书心
ー
l ，
ww Po r Vp - 0 6 ,
,
k - 1 03 (T a bı
e 1 14 )
w V
Po
-
r
p itc b lim
V - 4 7 .Ea
e
m
v e lo c
/￥
ity
fo r
=
IS
60
t￠
dy
/
Q tıa ıiıy 8
10 0 0
,
»
U
an
60
w
15 0
/
i&
/ 600
10 0 0
. 4 7 m / w
syE
,
r Ta c e
n ı h a r > 350 B H N ,
kd = lJ 4 (Tıılıe 1 ı5 i
[M J 1 1 03 × ı4 1 19 17 1 ó N
ngi
= )r ・ ı
ıı
6 . C aı
eıd 自ı
io ıı 创「h d ııt e d 创蚋圈圈邮
O
b
-
i+ 1
m tm J nee (W 1 吕)
+ 0 7 1 6 × 10 P
For z ł=rin25
g.n
,
300 × 6 × 90 × 0 42 1
y = 0 42 ı (T ıb le 1 16 )
e
.
{i・ltarp o ł
a te d lo r 2 5
(W
飪뼈 自)
1 5)
t
區
= 2 0 6 N /m d < lo . 1 - m m d
po r « io n
e e łp iıı ıd
aı C tp ar (o ・
> 2 8 0 N /m a tj ,
E ・ 1 7 ,
x l￠ P U (T ıb ı
e ï 12 1
7 . 汇冶鬮曜酝白r 田白e ıı
C ıł
c d a* đ l ı* d
ı « td lfy . . W de X )
b q ı
し白如刀園虹对邝，
36 "
A IĻ* - .
×
. 12 ・ dT
ı c yc ı
ı*
￠ıŁ ı

K = = = 0 76 (T a b le 1 6 )
bl
◆ a 0 45 cr (T a b le 1 8)
1 .
.
0 . 5 ×29 0 « T.
=
2 9 0N/ m ( Ta b l e 1 . 8)
= ı3 0 5 N /m n ł fo r Cï w ade 30
n = 2 (T a b le 1 9 )
K tr
= 1 2 (T a b le 1 ? )
1 4 X K bı
Owhe
[? b lw hoe ı
"
Ko
Đ
1
n
= × 13 0 5 ・ 5 7 8 N /m
ww 2 × 1 2
w .Ea
=
syE
3 4 9 N /n ım 2
H B 2 30 (a ssu m d )
ngi
= e
Ca - 2 3 (T a b le 1 10 )
In d u
c on
c e d S tr e s s e s
ta c t s nee
o
c w heel
= o'
c p in io n
= 2 0 5 N /n u ıı2
rin
(b e c a u s e
?
c w heel<
,
c o n ta c t a r e a
[C r. 】
w he e l
349 N -
is sa n ı
/m
e )
& g.n
B
O
en
bl y l
d in g S tr e s s
- 0'
b2 y2 Đ
bl
- in d u c e d W
e s tr e s s t
10 × 0 42 1 c' 0 497
=
b2
x in th e p in io n
c'
b2
- 8 5 6 N /n ın ı2 o
b2
- iııd u c e d b d in
aı s tre s s in th e he e l
g w
2
< [c 'b ]w he el
- 5 7 8 N /ın ın
y2 0 4 9 ? fo
-
r z2 - 7S (T a b le 1 16 )
T h e d e s ig n o f p in io d \
n an is s a t is fa c to r
pobleın ı3 y
.
◆ c u la te a s tra ig h t s p u r e a r d i
g r ve T r a n s m itte d o
s p ee d 764 rp m S p e e d r a tio = 2 p w er 8 kw p in ta
T h e g e a m a r e to b
ls b e 10 0 0 0 h o u rs
to .
e ın a de o f C 45 L
Since th e g e a r s a r e o f
sa m e e r ia
m aı l, w e d e s ig n on ly th e p in io n
C 4 5 s u r fa c e h
a r d e n e d to 5
5 RC
C o re h a r d n e s
s < 35 0 B H
N
O
.
- 7 2 0 N /m m ?
C r - 360 N
y lm ın ? ,
( a bby
*e 1 T 18 )
Scanned CamScanner
1 25
2 C a lc u la tio n o f d e s ig n s tr e ss e s
.
1 4 K br
(E q n 1 1)
1口 b ] =
立鯊
q ı
æa b ıe 1 8)
cr
1
- 0 25 (q + c'
y
) + 50
2
0 25 (7 2 0 + 3 6 + 50 = 3 2 0 N /n ım
N = 10 0 0 0 × 60 × 764 '
7
= 4 5 84 × 10 c y c le s
ww ,
-
<
1 (c o r e h a r d rıe s s
35 0 B H N ) (T a b le ı6 )
[? , ]
w=
=
C R H R C fL c l
23 × 55 ×
.Ea
(E W
0 5 85
2
1 4)
中
C R
H R C
= 23
_ 55
j r ß
, \}t
(T a b le
ļ
1 10 )
1 1 1)
(T a b le
syE
ł
- 7 4 0 N /m n ı Ķcl - 0 585 d
ngi (E q n 1 9)
nee
5 rin 2
1 ,
E = 2 1 × 10 N /m iıı
g.n
e t
:J B Æ IZ
(E q n 1 10 )
)不労 1 佷和尚切岛・兰
A ssu m e z
l
- 2 0
6ı Z - iz 1 - 2 × 20 = 4 0
- 3 n m 2
A do pt m - 4 s ta n da r d (T a b ı
e 1 2 6)
R e v is e a

1 20
T he r e fo r e b = 20
ı × 0 3 » 36 m
,
20 × 4 - 80 m m
f p in io n = d ı" lm
-
Ħ tc h c ir c le d ia o
k 1 (T ıb l・ I 14 )
0 4 5 , tı e r e fo r e
・ ,
b /dt - 36 /0 0 - ı ,
n x 80 × 76 ? /ı
. 3 2 m
Ħtc h lin e v eı
o c ily - =
60 × 10 0 0 60 × 000
ı
(T I b le 1 II )
kd 1 3 (fo r IS q w lity 8 )
,
T ħe r e fo re ,
=
[M t] = l × l × l 3 × 10 0 ・ 130 N m
6 . c u la tio n
Caı o ri n d ıı
ı ıe ı
teı
ww O
b
=
a m by
y - 0 3 89 fo r 2 0 te e th (T ・ 1 16 )
,
w 12 0
[
.Ea ×
m
4 ×
2
m
36 ×
lo
0 38 9
b
a 5 8 N /m
syE m < [o b ] = 1 19 5 N /m
ngi
= o 74 \ イX . 2 lnee × 10 5 × 13 0 × 10 P
- 63 1 3 N / m m
? < [o c ] = 7 4 0 N /n ı
rin
P h obı
T b e d e s ig n i8
em 1 4
s a fis ta c to r y
g.n
e
.
D
e s ig n a
p a ir o f e p u r g e a r s w ith
3 4 0 m m (a p p r o x im a te l
p in io '"ı = 7 2 o , Sredı
(b ) 4 0 C r l
y ) P o w e r to b e
łctiomratio -
th e fo ı
5 1
lo w in g d a ta
tr a n * m itte d =
C e n tre d in ta n c e ・
7 7 2 8 k w , R p M o f du
M a tm l to b e ıııe d a c 14
.
()
t
aı
x
I M a te r ia l C 14 c a s e h a r d e n e d I
o 55 R C C o re h a r d n e w
, < 35 0 B H N
(T a o le I 17 ) (S a m e m a te r ia lb u se d fo r p in io n d g eaf
沁 Đ s i\ d i an -
p in io n a lo u
◆
.
- 4 3 0 N /m Đ - 24 0 N /ııu n 2
,
2 C a lc u ı
y (T a b le 1 1 8 )
a tio n f d e s ig n e M e a ,
o
.
[o b ] =
O
1
(E q n ,
I 1) ,
Đ 0 25 (Đ . )+ 50
=
I + o
y . 0 2 5 (4 3 0 + 24 0 ) + 5 0
A 2 17 5 N /m ?
.
ss u m e life = 20 ,0 00 ho u r
・
, m
s
N ・ 2 0 , 0 00 60
× × 720 86 4
°
× 10 7 c y c ı
e ı
k b ı- 1
Ķtr = 1 2
(T a b le ı6 ) ,

Scanned
(T a by
b le CamScanner
1 7)
1 27
CR - 22 (T a b le 1 10 )
- 22 × 55 × 0 5 85 K ,
- 0 5 85 (T a b le 1 1 1 )
7 0 8 N /m m 2
rs H RC = 55
3 *
Centne D is ta n c e c a lc u la tio n
A p p r o x im a te c e n tre d is ta n c e is g iv e n
A s s u m e z l - 19
ww Z 2 - iz t - 5 × 19 = 9 5
T a k in g m o d u le 6, -
4
w C a lc u la tio n .Ea
(z l +
o f in d u
Z
2 )m
ce d
(19
s tr e ss
+ 9 5 )6
. 342 n ım
Đ
b
-
am by syE
[M t] .
.
l (E q n 1 8)
M E j =
7 72 80
2 7r x
×
7 20
60
= 10 2 5 5 N m
ngi
dl = z
l m
= 19 × 6 = 1 14 m m
nee
V
60 × 10 0 0
1r
60 × 10 0 0 rin
V - 0 3 (a s s u m e d)
g.n
b
kd
=
-
V
1 4
a - 0 3 ×
(IS q u a lity
34 2 = 10 3
8 gea
n ım
rs ) e(T a b le 1 15 )
t
k = 1 1 (İ o r V p - -
TÑ
. U y l u a u ıų ı ıT )
0 H ! !H
[M t] = k Kkd M t 1
H (E q n 1 7)
o
3
1 03
:
- l × 1 I× 1 4 × 1 0 2 5 5 × = 15 7 9 3× 10 N m m
y - 0 3 8 3 fo r 19 te e th (T a b le 1 16 )
(5 - 9 3 × 10 ?
■
Đ =
b
342 × 6 × 10 3 × 0 3 83
2 2
- 1 14 9 N lm m < [c 'b ] = 1 2 6 9 N /n ım
cr
.
- 0 74 9 (E q n 1 5)
f1f T
: a ke E = 2 I × 10 5 N /m m
2

= 0 74 \ V (2 I × 1 0 5) x 1 5 7 9 3 × 10 4
- 8 2 4 N /m > 【
? ] = 7 0 8 N /ın m
2 量
.
着
p r o b ab v s a tis fa c to r y
f A H w S te d
o
4 0 C r l S ıc e h a t d e ııe d & » 55 R C
haess < 35 0 B H N
ww
w .Ea
syE K bl =
(c o r e h a r d n
1
< ngi 350 B H N )

(T a b le 1. 6)
nee
e ss
4 1
Ł
1 屋ど r
or
1 1 4 × 1 × 4 87 5
[N = =
1 8 2 N /m
n
?
2 5 × 1 5
rin
g.n
= a
{O J
e r ia ıg iv e s a
aı
= C a
H RC
d e q u a te
K
c l
d n g sı
r en g th
e t
= 23 × 55 × 0 5 85 Cx = 23 (T a b le 1 10 ) Ł
= 7 4 0 N /m H R C = 55
< o
c
- 8 2 4 N fm m ? K
c l
- 0 5 85 (T a b le 1 1 1)
M e r ia l
a iı d oes ı
ıot ħa v e th e r eqı
ıir e d w e a r r e s is ta n c e
In tr e a r e th e v a lu e o f b to re du ce th e in d ı
】c e d c o n ta c t s tr e s s
A*a n « e so b ıio a
4 0 C r l is ? ıg h
o ı ha rde n e d an d æm p e re d (T a b le 1 17 )
S ıa l a c e h a rc h ıe s s = 55 R C ,
C o r e h a rd n e s s > 35 0 B H N
2
) - IQ 5 0 N Tm ı
ıı fo r c o re h a r Eb ess ı
e ss n 35 0 B H N (T a o le I 1 8)
.
b￠
S in c e dbe cone h a iıı 3 5 o B H N , a M g b e r ? u h a s to
b a n b ıe s s is g r e a te r ı
rū o
e
ııı
ı ııa e d (c i. w iı h c o re h a rd n m c i Is ıı * in m e m e d b y s ıï
.
阳刷白阳路罗
h 2
»
. b y 10 % .
o = I 1 5 S N /ıÐa a
ı

29
2
þ 1 - 0 35 cr
.
+ 12 0 = 0 35 × 1 1 5 5 + 12 0 = 5 2 4 2 S N /m m (T a b le 1 8 )
n = 2 5 (T a b le 1 9 )
(c o r e h a rdn e ss > 350 B H N )

1 4 8 t? 1 1 4 × 0 7 × 524 25
L "
bJ n K
-
w qn 1 1)
or 2 5 × 1 5
= 1 3 6 6 N /n a m ?
1 1 4 9 N /n 2
> c'
b
-
ım (s a tis fa c to ry )
[c r. ] CR H RC K 1 4)
ww (E q n
=
c l
CR - 26 5 (T a b le 1 10 )
w - 26 5
.Ea
× 55 × 0 5 85 K c l
- 0 585
H R C = 55
(T a b le 1 1 1)
syE
2
= 8 5 2 6 N /m m
> cr
.
- 8 2 4 N /m m ? (s a tis fa c to r y )
P r o b le M 1 5
P o w e r 15 0 0 0 k w P in io n s p e e d 4 5 0 r p m W neel ngi sp e e d 80 印m
C
A
en
ssu m
tr e d is ta n c e s h o u ld b e le s s th a n 1 5 m
e a life o f 10 , 0 0 0 h o u r s
D e s ig ıı a p a ir
nee o f s p tır gea rs
1 S e le c tio n o f M a te r ia
4 0 N i2 C r l M o 2 8 s u r fa c e h a r d e n e d to 5 5 R C a n d c o
ķ
rin
re ha rdn e ss < 35 0
BH N S a m e m a te r ia l is u s e d fo r b o th p in io n a n a w n e e i a iıa
is d e s ig n e d
.
g.n
nen ce p t ru o n a lo n e
e
.
2
T ake 2 5 0 N /m
ı fa s h a rd n is le s th a n 3 5 0 B H N )ų a b le 1 ı8 )
t
? - m c o re s s s
.
2. C aı a tio n
cu ı o r d e s ig n st r le s se s
fm r Ł Ţ % jÈT !
ı = 1 5 (T a b le 1 7 )
10 0 0 0 × 60 × 4 50
s
? y ł￠i t § ・ ıį iį \ąî
M 7
- 27 X 10 c yc le ś
&ļ 4v
K bl- 1 Ë ￡\ j< î (f a b le l 6)
(◆ re h a r d ııe s s < 350 B H N )

-
.
1 4 × 1 × 557 5
tu b J - = Z U ￥ N / m ıır
2 5 × ı5
[o . ] = C R HR C K cl
(E q n ı4 )

1 30
Cs - 23 (T b b ı
e ıT
q
HR C = 55
23 55 × 0 5 85
= ×
0 585 (īr b ıe 1 Iı
)
= 74 1 N /
l -
3 C ık d ııim e ￠iı* ıe e l ıe =
,
ıņ
o
b
- p lJ
(E 1 7)
15 0 0 0 0?
ı 60
3 18 4 7 ıN
× ×
. =
Ą =
2x x 4 50
,
A ıa M ıe z1 = ı8
ww 2
2
-
i s 4 50 / 80
iz r
= 5 6 25
w .Ea
z2 = 5 625 × 18 = 0ı
ı
T ık e M = 2 5 ıtıın syE = O ıın ıe ı 22 25 21 n 36 , 4 0 4 5 5 1

[L a r ￠e ıiz e ￠o o db
R e c ılç ııı
ııe 四
ngi . . , .
nee
d ı=
V
z lm
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ity rin
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l ı 1r × 4 50 * 4 SD
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ı /ı
e
= . . =
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ı
t
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b = 审* 《 0 3 × ı
4 8 瓮5 0 4 4 6 0 r = 0 3 妇
flı 目回国目心)
T? b - 4 50
vp °
ł8 - - ı
k « I I
{T ıb ı
e 4)
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\ ・ 14
\ ı 】5 》
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如期心 i ー
リヘー 0 ł/ ほ
ı ー 5 6ı
'
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ı
4们 5
二
二25 w ı ı ı ・r
ı
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・ Iw
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= $U N U
y - 0 m t r It - ıl iT ıb ı
e ı ı* }
> >
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W
a aı*ı
L
1 3 1
(E q n 1 5)
T ake E - 2 1 × ı0 5 N /m m
2
-
0 7 4 {5 6 1 园圃
14 8 7 5
l + n × 2 1 × ı0 × 49 × 10
7
5 61 × 4 50
t* 1 7 3 5 N /n ıın 2 > > [c r. ] = 7 4 1 N /n ım 2
; T r ia l 2
to red u c e th e in d u c e d s tr e s s e s i
, c r e a s e th e
ıı vaı
ue o f fa c e w id th . b
T r ea t th is as a \ 翊 c a s e a n d ta k e b _ 1 12 5 m m
b /dt = 1 12 5 / 4 5 0 = 2 5
ww k
IM , ]
= 1 25 (m
k o k Ķd
ax v a lu e ) (T a b le ı 14 )
w
=
(E q n 1 7)
= l ×
(i + 1) [M t] .Ea
1 25 × 14 × 3 18 ,
471 = 557 × 10 3 M n
c'
b
=
a m
syE
by
.
ı4 8 7 5
(5 6 1 + ı) (5 5 7
× 25 × 1 12 5
×
×
10 6 )
0 377
- 2 3 3 5 N /】ıım 2 > [c 'b ] = 2 0 8 N /n
ngi ım
2
nee
rin
g.n
be a m
T r ia l 3
T h e d e s ig n is n o t s a tis fa c to r y e v e nı a R e r
s tr e n g th a s w e ll a s w e a r r e s is ta n c e a r e n
c ha n
o t
g in g b to 1 1 2 5
e m aı
ı
t
U se m a te ń a l 15 N i2 C r ı M o ıã
C a se h a r d e n e d to 6 3 R C u ıd c o re h a f d ııe s s < 3 5D B H N (T a b le 1 ı7 )
2
◆ - 10 4 0 N /n ım (T a b le 1 18 )
.
Ko = 1 2
K b ı- 1 (了a b le 1 6)
n a 2 ( T a b le 1 9 )
ı4 × l × 4 84
" þı. = łö J N ıı
n m o
b
- J J iw ı= u n ľ
2 × ł2

\ 3Z
(B tł
n .
ı4 )
.
[? . ] CR H RC }l ı ı0 )
(T ・N
=
e
CR . 31
= 31 × 63 × 0 5 85
2 HRC = 63
1 1 4 2 5 N /m n
e I 1 1)
-
0 585 (T * b ı .
ı -
it is ıc c e p ta b le (V a lu e s o l
is m a r g iı» lı
y g r e a te r
th a n [Đ . ] ın d h a c c e p b M e in w u
v a lu e s a te
?
.
t r th a n e pe r m is s ib ae
in d u c e d tr e s s e s 1o % g r e a e
ww
w E q u iv a le n t nu m .Ea be r o f c y c le s ,
IIEMĘsy (E q n 1 1 1)
N - n iT i
E
e q
lrı th is c a se ,
ngi
80 0 rp n ı
nee
rin
n l = n 2 = n 3 -
t 10 3 , 8 0 0 ×
ļ . 0 25 = 86 4 9 h o m s
g.n
-
o p
T1 - 0 Ito - 864 9 ho u rs
p
T2
T3
-
-
0 5t
0 40 p
o p
-
= 4 324 5 h o
3459 6 ho
u rs
u rs
e t
A ls o g iv en M tż - 0 5 M t1 a ıx l M t
3
- 0 IM t
I
T h e r e fo re ,
q
-
【
M T . 80 0 * 86 4 9 + (0 5 M t
V
3 . 80 0 * 4 324 5
M t
3
+ (U rm [
ll
X öu u X 3439 0
7
= 6 75 × 10 c y c le s
fo r .
'
i s
,
'
C
ı' " e d '"lue an d is u se d fo r d e s ig n in g th e x iw
p o b ıe m 1 7 .
In a n on r e v e r s ib le
m ill d ń v e ty p e r o llin g
a g e a r is d e s ir e d to n m 24 ,
ıo u r s p e r d a y transmitting p o w e r n
,
i th e fo ı lo w in g m a n n e r (1 ) 1 10 4 k w
l
ı ll
o rm a y ( ) 2 4 5 1 6 k w f o r 3 s e c o n d s 6 0 0 tim e s a d a y (3 ) 5 8 8 8 k w m a x im u m,
momenrr p e a k lo a d ) a ll a t a c o n s ta iı t \ d o f 4 0 t p m T h e l ife o f th e W
to b e IO y e a r s D e ￠ em ı i ae N e
q

13 3
4 5 16 × 60
M t, -
10 7 & 6 N
2x
-
n ı (H a x ia w » W )
￠
x 40
M t2 = . 263 7 N m
2x x 40
3 6 0 0 §\
T ,
-
s ec X
ay 0 5b
=
ņ* r
60 × 60
Tz - 24 0 5 - 23 5 bo u r
n
l
= n
2
- 40 rp m
60
N o w .
=
[M t . T + M n T 2j
i I 2
ww -
[ ı
o78 6
3
. 4o * o 5 + 263 . 4o 23 5 ,
Forw =
a p
10
e r io
×
=
d
20 8 1 2
f IO y e a r s ,
o
36 0 × 20 8 1 2 # 7 5 .Ea
c y c le s ld a y
× d6
ı c yc ı
e*
N
i)
o te
M a x in ıu m syE
sı
ıs ta in e d to r q u e ,
2)
M t,
M o n ıe ııta r y
= 10 7 8 6 N
pe ak
n ı is u s e d fo
to qq u e ,
r
ngi
d e s ig n ħr a liĖ o f7 5 . x c pcı
e i .
M \ ea k
-
5 888
2n x
×
40
60
- ı4 0 6 4 N m
nee ,
i￡ u óe d lø c b e c k p ı
a i fic d e b ia ıı
n na￠
P Fobı
u
o r c r u s h in
ıı 1 8
g
rin
P r o b le m I 3 is s o lv e d by
In th e N ıe th o d fo llo w e d in th e p r e v io u s p r o b ļ e ım i, c e « r e d i« a n c e a idi
a d iffe re n t
g.n
c a lc u la te d fir s t b a s e d o n th e s u r fa c e s tr e n g th o f th e g e a r tc o f b q n ı9 )
,
S u b s e q u e n tly m o d u le is o b ta in e d u s in g fo m ıu h , m - 2 ů / (z + z )
In th is p r o b ı
,
e m , n ıo d u le is c a lc u la te d fir s t, b a s e d ￠x l ł
l
Je a m
2
iteııgh a n d
e . .
t
la te r , c e n tr e d is ta n c e a is c a lc u la te d a s Q - (z + 2 2 ) m /2
t
B o th th e m e th o d s lid , b e c a u s e , in th e e n d
a re v a h a v e ıo
n e c e s s a r ily v e r ify w h e th e r in d u c e d s tr e s s e s a r e le s s th a n th e p e m ıi« ijb ıe
v a lu e s W h a te v er m e th o d w e lı se w h a t i
w e a r r v e a t a re o n
,
ly p re li
d in ıe n s io n s o f a g e a r , w h ic h h a v e to b e a c c e p te d o n ly a fte r c h e c k in g d ı e
in d u c e d s tf e s s e s
T h e fir s t m e th o d is p r e fe r r e d , b e c a u s e , irı m o s t o f ıb e c a ￡e # , if tĺ u r fa c e
s tr e n g th r e q u ir e m e n t is m e t, be a m s tr ea ıw r\ i æ is a u to m a tic a ı ly
s a tis fie d W h e r e m , in th e s e c o ııd m e th o d , w h e n b e a m ı r e łıgı łh ì i
ī e q u r e m e « is
m e t, a t tim e s th e s u r fa c e s tr e n g th r e q u i r e n ı a y N o t b e s a tis lie d ,

,
M o du ı e c a lc u la tio n ￠+
ÄjĘĝ = ı tį f Ļ İ & F】
' ł$ 3 łn v r l ' ￠į Lt t
y [c rb ] V Z
ji t łf ļ
m l
, ţ Tį ť ť ) } v ĺ ţ . Y N ţ ı
.
'
ĝ r ry J tj A =s u m e q ı. - b/ m - 10

3 0 3 89
10 zl = 20 y -
1 3
ż l 26 IO 20 2
1 19 5 × ×
0 3 89 1 19 5 N /m
× n ı
[ ]
? b =
3
3 03 m m
13 0 × 10 N m n ı
[n ] =
(p r o b le m 1 3)
.
叫
徨
ww v -
60 × 10 0 0
-
7【
60 × 10 0 0
丘
wM
e c k
=
Fo
\
r th is p itc h
.Ea
Kk đ
th e in d u c e d
n =
lir ıe
sm
l ×
v e lo c
1 03
se s
ity ,
× 1 3
Ķd
×
- 1 3
10 0 = 13 3 9 N m
ヘ
弾
Xjr sy
13 3 9 10 4
(2 + x ×
E [M t] =
Č
b
-
10 5 × 3 5 × 35 × 0 3 89
- 8 0 3 N /m n ı <
2
[Č b ] = 1 19 5 N /m
ngi m
2
nee
rin
g.n
Tlbe d e s ig iı is sa tis fa c to r y
h iv e n in th e s o lu tio n
e t
T ħe p r e s e n t d e s i\ s e e m s to b e b e tte r th a iıt e o nıe g
1 3 , s in c e th e c e n tr e d is ta n c e is 1 0 5 m m a s c o m p a r e w
d ith 12 5 m m ,
o f p r o b le m
le a d in g ijo a c o m p a c t d e s ig n H o w e v e r , w e h a v e to n o te th e p o in t th a t
in d u c e d s tr e s s e s in th e p r e v io u s c a s e a r e w e ll b e lo w th e p e f m is s ib e
l v a lıie e ,
w h e r e a s in tM s c a s e , in d u c e d c o n ta c t s tr e s s
is ju s t e q u a l to th e p e r m is s ib le
i
T h e r e fo r e , w e m a y c o n c lu d e , th a t th e fıf s t m e th o d g iv e s a s a fe r s o lu t m
v a lu e
A g a in ,
w e s tr e s s th e p o in t th a t fo r a r r iv in g a t p r e lim in a r y diiosf
a d e s ig n e r c a lı c h o o s e a n y m e th o d h e c a n e v e ıı m a k e s o m e w ild G u e s s iıı
c h o o s in g ttæ m o d u le a n d th e n u n ı b e r o f tæ th w ith o ııt u s in g a n y fo rm u la BUĻ ,
th e c h e c k fo t in d u c e d s tr e s s e s s h o u ld b e c a rf ie d o u t
1 24 D
, .
es ig n of G ea rs ity F a c to r
ia b iı
W ith R e ı d
'
If th e r e lia
bility r e q u ir e m m ts a f e a s k e d in th e d e s ig n ,
re lia b ility fa c to r
K r g iv e n in T a b le 1 2 7 ,
c a iı be u sed to m o d ify [Č b ] an d Į a rj
Pem is s ib le
ı be n w s tr e s s -
[Č b ] / K ,
P e r m is s ib le con ta c t s tr e s s -
[Č . ] /

1 38
T a bk ı2 7
.
R e lia b ility P * c to r , I
ia b iE ty (%
R eł ) K ,
50 10
90 ı 115
95 1 15 2
99 ıZ Z8
99 99 1 424
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d
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ww
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G 1 11 LO A D F L U CT U A Tı
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e t
T h e r e fo fe E qn 1 2 ha s to b e u s e d fo f c a lc u la tin g th e p e r m is s ib le b e n d in g
s tr e s s
Id le r s d o n o t tf a n s m it to r q u e F o f d e s ig n in g th e id ļ e r to o th , E q n 7 1 c an
be u se d

d m n s ta n t
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6
10 D is a d v a ıta ge s
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ta c t M ìe s s is b a s e d o n s Č a c e h a r n e s
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s o f th e n ıa te r ia L
ngi
S h o c k fa c to r ,
k
o
io a cc o u n t fo r
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o
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17 D e s ig n \ e d u 【e 1) S e 】
e c tio n o f n a te r ia
ı l an d c a lc u
f p e r n ıis s ib ı
e s 8 8 e s la tio n o
2 ) D e te n a in a ł
io ıı o f c e n tr e d is ta o ce
ı 3) M
c a lc u la tio ı d u le
ı k n iD w jn g (o r a s s u m in )
g
p iııio n to o tb n u m b e r 4 ) C h e c k irıg in d u c e d b e n d in
g a n d c o n ta c t s tr e s s e s
18 If th e m a te r ia l is sam e fo r b o th p in io n a n d g e a r oı
ıly th e p in io n i8 d e s i n e d
,
g If
th e m i a l s d iffe r e n t p in io n i8 d e s ig n e d a n d
a re
c he c k s ar e c an r e id o u t fo r b o th
p in io n a n d g e a r T h is p r o c e d u re is a p p lic a b 】
e fo r h e lic a l an d be v e l ge ar s a ls o (fo t
a ll to o th e d g e a r s )
19 S tu b to o th ha s sbo rt r adde n du m d Č de n du m
an th a n th e standard t
o o th H e a ıc e
s tr o n ge r an d g e ar c L iv e w ill b e n u n e com pa c t
20 G e a rs o f d ia m e te r S th a iı 15 0 M
m m are n ac
ı n ed fro n ı a s o lid b l a r ge r
d ia n ıe te r g e a r s ar e pr o d u c e d fro tin g s , fo r g in g s
m c as a i ıd fa b r ic a te d b la n k
s

2 II E L IC A L G EA R S
L Į l Į! ! j Į īir u ￠
2 1 0 n e p ti m e d is a d v a n ta e o f
.
g , s p u r g e a n i is th a t th e ir in itia l c o n ta c t u o n m e s h
in g is a lin e ç «m ta c t Htaı p
ı taneous lin e c o n ta c t p r o d u c e s s h o c k e ffe c t w h ic h r e
.
s u its in tt t lu e e d lo a d c a a i
p c ty ł\n tl n o is y o p e r a tio n T h e p ro b le n ı is a ı ie v ia te d
\ ť h c \\ h e lic a l e a r s a r e
u s e d b e c a u s e th e i iti l
・
g c o n ta c t is a
n a
p o in t w h ic h b eco m es
a lin e u r in c r e a s in
g le n g th a s c o n ta c t c o n tin u e s
2 2 A d is « tı v « n h ıg e a s s o c ia te d
.
w ith h e lic a l e a r s is e d th
g n ru s t in a d d itio n to ta ıı
g c n t ia \ u \ d r a d ia l lo a d s W h e ıı h e lic a l e a r s o f o
g i
p p o s te h a n d s a re m o u n te d in
l» ıitx o n a s h a R o r w h e n h e r r in b o n e e a r s
g g a re u s e d e n d th r u s ts a r e b a la iıc e d
.
(F ig 2 Id ) ,
2 3 W n e n h e lic a ı e a r s a r e
g u s e d to c o n n e c t
p a r a lle l s h a fķ , th e y m u s t b e o f o p
p t r s ite h łu t d s (F ig 2 Ia ) W ħe n m o u n te d o n
n o n p a ra lle l s h a fts
(c r o s s e d h e lic a ı
g e a r s ) Th e g e a rs m a v h e o f s a m e o t o x »s ite h a d F i
ww .
h e lic tt l g a t s a te e s s e n tia ll
c o n t« c t w ith e a c h o th e r
pl n (
y n o n « n v e lo p in g w o r m g e a r s
g
F o t th is r e a s o n th e w ill c a r r o n l v
2 Ib 2 Ic ) c r o s s e d
T h e te e th h a v e p o in t
,
w
a n d h e n c e th e
ĺ x ħM e r
y y y e r y s m a ll lo a d s
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of
syE
ngi
F IG 2 1Q PA RA LLE L
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rin
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e t
F IG 2 1b C R O SS E D H E L ıC A L G E A R S
2 4 H e lic a l G N o m e n c la
ea r h ir e (ĺ ig 2 2 )
l\ . He ı ix a n g le (8 2 5 ° fo r h e lic a l g e a rs a n d 2 5 4 0 ° fo r
h e r r in g b o n e g e a r s )
￠
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: f ï n f ïr ĝ ￠ $ i f= u h i+ .
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p itc h
= í n u \ : J
c ır c u r ' 'l įq , ' ・ , . « ï
i ns t an c e b e t we en c o r res po n d i ngp o i nt s o n a djacent 佷三て芗汀风色
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2 2
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« d i* b = c￠ b e tw e ea rd irı
c o n e ıp o ı g p o iM a o n ad【
iıc e n t
» eı b a e ım re d iı ・ P e p e rp e iıd ic u l= r o th e h e lix
ı
◆ x nı
.
-
p ıa » P (2 2 )
Pı = ı= = ıp i* b
=
a e ıa » = r e d in ・ pı
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e 1 ıo th e
ıh R ıx iı
-
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(M .
/ co s P) z 2 (2 6)
Q
E
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d is ta n ce
d ııh ıs
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(2 7)
b
rin
m o _ ce w id th
g.n
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B
イ
A x il (a ) G ro o v e d (b ) C o n t in u o u s
r
te e th
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F l 6 2 1d
M V * ı
a a l o r Fo r m
.
tıtin e n ı
m ıb e r o f T e e th (F l 2 3
W e d ir s e c t a g ) . .
ge a r by a pıan e per d i
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o o th H a v in
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be r o f te e th on th is im a in
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e q
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2 6 H e lic a l g e a r s a re \ ifie d b y n o m ia l d u le a n d n o r m a ıp r e s s u
m o re an g le
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n
1 7 G .
ear F o (F 2 4 )
E lin ıiııa tin g F . fr o

fo llo w in g f o r m u l
n ı th e ex p r e s s io n s
'
0 , E. Vrcï tD .» '
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î
t ..
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w .Ea
syE
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nee ge o m e tr y
F ı
G 2 2o
rin
g.n
e t
S e c t io n A A
F IG 2 2 b

2 4
l fo F. F t ta n p (2 9 )
x ia
-
A rc e -
ta n a
R a d ia l fo fc e = F, - F t ta n a -
Ę= (2 10)
2M t
ta n g e n tia l fo rc e
T
-
w h e re F t -
2 8 D e s ig n Fo rm u la s
. .
:Dn!,・ .
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E
(2 In
a o 土n
ww 口"
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b
- 0 7
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[M t] (2 13 )
f te e th
yv
u s fo
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r syE
e x te m
fa c to r,
a
o
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b ta in e d fo
u s
r
fo
v ir tu a l
r
n u m
internal te e th
be r o
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t
p la n e o f
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2 9 D e s ig n P *oce du re
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a s th a t fo r s p u r g e a r s
w
D e s ig n \ e dıır e is s a m
a ıe to b e n o &e d
d a r d v a lu ie
a) N o n m a l m o d ııle s h o u ld h a v e a s ta n
b e ta k ea ı fo r v ir tu a l n u m b e r lı
f te e ı
bi
o
F o m ı fa c to r
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ea
d) F ew id Č b > pa fo r sm o o & o p e r la ti«m
: \Į ř ř

(2 15 )
[
16 )
2 M 2c
R o o t d ia m e te r dn = n
d f2 =
[ 2 . 2c (2 17 )
ww B o tto m c le a ra n c e c = 0 25
0 3
m n
fo r s tu b to o th
w m
=
n
H e ig h t fa c to r
.Ea = 1
0 8 fo s tu b to o th
syE
= r
e xn 2 ı
Phobı
A i to tra n s m iť
f h e lic a l g e a r s s u Ęje c te d to m o d e r a te s h o c k lo a d in g s
h e lix a n g le is 15
°
o
3 7 5 k w a t 1 7 5 0 r p n ı o f th e p in io n
ngi
T h e s p æ d r e d u c tio n r a tio is 4 2 5 a n d th e
T b e s e r v ic e is c o n tin u o u s a n d th e te e th a r e 2 0 F D iń th e
°
1 Sd
p la n e D e s ig ıı th e g e a f s , a s s u m iņ g a life o f 10 , 0 0 0 h o u rs
e c tio n f m a te r ia l
nee
rin
.
o
A llo y s te e l 4 0 N i2 C r l M o 2 8 h a r d e n e d an d te m p e r e d
S u r fa c e h a r d n e s s 5 5 R C a n d c o r e h a rd n e ss > 350 B H N
g.n (T a b le 1 17 )
M
Č
u
a te ń a ls
- 1 5 5 0 N /m m
2
Fo r p in io n a n d g e a r a re a s s u n ıe d to b e sa m
e e
(T a b le 1 18 )
a n d hen ce t
o n ly th e p in io n is d e s ig n e d
2 .
C a lc ıııa tio n o f d e s ig n s tl t s s e s
1 4 I
0 35 12 0
Č
1
- Č
u
+ (T a b le 1 8)
= 0 35 × 15 5 0 + 12 0 - 662 5 N / m
1 4 × 0 7 × 662 5
2 5 × ı5
= 17 3 I N / m m ?

ii) [Đ c ] C R H R C Ķ l
=
6. ×5 5 ×0 . 8 5 C R 2 6. ( Ta b l e 1 . 0)
2
-
= 85 2 6 N / m n】 ? H RC = 55
(fa b le 1 1 1)
K ç j - 0 5 85
a tio n
C a lc u ı o f c en tr e d is ta ı« »
3 .
E
ÜO + D H
ww [M t] k o
M
=
37 5 ×
W
10 4
M
×
t
60
204 7 N
w
- = m
,
2n x 17 5 0
.Ea ko = 1 25 fo r n ıo d e f a te sh o c k
syE A
[W ]
ssu m e
= 1 25
k ķd =
×
1 3
1 3 × 204 7 = 332 4 N m
A ssu m e V -
10 5 N /
0 5
ngi 2
E = 2 I ×
2
nee
n ım
10 5 3 32 4 107
2 1
rin
× × ×
ůi4 2 5 + l)
4 25 × 0 5
14 8 5 8
g.n
A ss u m in g
H 15 0
z l -
n u n
20 ,
z2 - iz l - 4 2 5 × 20 = 85
°
e t
15 0 15
t h e f e fo r e , m _
@ .
2 X x co s
_ 2 76 m m
n
Z + Z 20 + 85
l 2
S ta n d a rd m o d u le m = 3 is c ho se n
n
N ow f e v is e a
3 × 20
dl - - . 62 1 1 m m
co s P cos 15 °
d2 = id l = 4 25 × 62 11 = 26 3 9 7 m m
d l + d2 62 11 + 263 97
a = = . 16 3 0 3 m m
2
4 .
Caı
c u la tio n of b , pa 9 M 】
p. - -
Ľ+ ] .. p =
\ , °° "
°
. 36 4 m 1ıı (E q n 2 3)

82 m m
0 5 × 16 3 0 3 -
b - y a = .
w e ñ n d , b » Pı
m \ (b q n 1 7)
M v is e d e s ig n 20 4 7
.
I2 ×
= 35 6 2 N m
k = 1 16
o la tio n )
(b y in te r p
lirıe v e lo c iı
y
V -
p itc b
trd tn i trx 6 2 1 lx 17 5 0 . 5 7 m /s
=
6 0 × 10 0 0
-
Ou x ıw v
(T a b le 1 15 )
kd = 1 2
ls q u a tity 8 )
(fo h e lic a l g e a
ww
r
a tio n
C a lc u ı of in d u c e d s tr e s s e s
5
10 ?
w
.
1)J 35 6 2 ×
(E q n 2 13 )
0 7 (i + l ) [M t] 0 7 (4 2 5 +
?
b
-
.Ea
,
-
16 3 0 3 × 82 × 3 × 0 4
.
syE
2
= 8 1 2 N /m n ı
2 sho u ld b e o b ta in e d fii»r z
eq
17 3 1 N / m m yv
< [O b 】 =
Z
e ngi
q
-
z l
.
co ł1 5 a
= 22
yv =
nee 0 402 (fo r 2 2 te e th ) (T a b le 1 1 6 )
rin (E q ņ 2 12 )
g.n
= 0 7 W × 2 I × 10
5
× 35 6 2 × 10
e t
as ge a r m a te r ia l
BH N = 248 (T a b le 1 18)
(C o te ha rdn e ss < 35 0 B H N )
n - 2 (te m p e f e d ) (T a b le 1 9 )
1 4 4 1 tm l × 393

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

2 10
T f ia ı2 20 Z2 . 80
ith 2 5 T ite z ı= ,
m w m
n
=
2 × 12 5 x c Æ
2 5 =
(2 0 + 80 )
ww ie O (T h e h e lix a n g ı
, p =
e be co m e e z e ro
ic a l g e u r P . 8 to 2 5 )
isctoty t o r h e ı h
° °
ï t b e co ı
ııe ı ı ıjp u r w r .
N o ￠ııı ・
w
Tial 3
Z
l
= 20
.Ea
,
22 - 79
2 5 ・
2 ×
syE
(2 0
12 5
+
x
79 )
co s p
ie ,
R e ca c u ı
l ałe
P .8 ı°
(・c c e p tıb le )
ıp e e d r ıtio , i = 79 /2 0 =
ngi
3 95
d ı=
co s
m
n
z
ı
P
.
2 5
co s
×
8 ı
20
°
. 5o 5 m m
nee (E q n 2 5)
d2 .
M
n
z2
. . ı9 9 4 9 m m
rin
b =
y
co ı
a a
P
o 5
co a
× 12 5
°
8 ı
a 62 5 m m g.n
Pı ' " ia l p itc h -
ıiı
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.
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ı8
°
ı
= 55 7 n u n e (E q .
2 3)
.
t
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R .
1￠ × 50 1 × 475
= ı26 m /ı
60 a »
ı 60 10 00
# 618
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Vp - - - l
cı 8 ńo d \ ıı ı
or I 菊 / ı15 )
ıs s w e =
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e
k = 1 ı
4 fo r V = l2 (ħ b le ı ı4 )
p
No w » = 1 14 × ı1 = lm
,
d
ı
s m ı￥ ia ılı
y » w » r db = ı dbe W
iıı* iıl [叼 \ 島 b e ıı回回d 妇刨日岫
自自ıe d r 目a ıe r w i理 b e
心曲ı
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朝南暖 W b 妇晒台
C= = * « m łi・ n i
n y « d h e e ıh il ıo » ıd ıo b iıdb e d c « * d

C h e c k fo r O b
i+ '
- 0 7 [M t] (E q n 2 13 )
?
b a m b yv
,
20
Z - - = 21 (E q rı 2 8 )
e q
0 395 (fo r 2 1 te e th ) (T a b le 1 16 )
y, -
0 7 × (3 9 5 + 1) × 1 3 3 6 × 10 4
12 5 × 2 5 × 62 5 × 0 39 5
- 6 0 6 N /n ı < [? b ] = 17 3 1 N /n ım 2
T h e d e s ig n is sa tis fa c to r y
2 11 Sk e w G e a r s (C r o sse d H e lic a ıG e a r s ) / S c r e w G e a ıs
ww T h e g e a rs a re
2 1 1 1 A d v a n ta g e s a n d s h o r tc o m in g s
sh o w n in F ig 2 1b
w
.
N o is e le s s o p e r a tio n d u e to v e r y s m o o th en ga g e m en t
.Ea
S h o r tc o m in g s a r e a ) P o in t c o n ta c t b e tw
p o w e r is lo w (F ig 2 Ic ) b ) R e la tiv e s lid in g o f te e th a lo n g th e c o n ım o n
ta n g e n t
H e n c e e ffic ie n c y is lo w e r th u ı th a t o f to o th e d g e a r s c ) T e n d e n c y to s e iz u r e is
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h ig h e r
2 11 2 V e ı o c ity o f s lid i】
syE
n g b e tw een gears
ngi
.
f e r to F ig 2 5 W ith s a ts a t r ig h t
h f g le s ,
a iı th e v e lo c ity o f slicing o f
th e te e th w ill b e
v
l
l
n d
l n l
nee k
rin
C O S
l
60 × 100 0 x co s
l
g.n
e t
F lG 2 5
2 11 3 D e s i n c a ı c u la tio n s
.
g
K n o w in g M p in io n to qq u e a p p ro x im a te v a lu e ,
o f th e n o rm a l fo rc e ,
t ,
F , a c tin
n g o n th e g e a r to o th is c a lc u la tie d u s in g th e fo r m u la ,

2M t
(2 19 ) .
F. -
co s Pr c o s a
n
s e iz u r e th e m a jo r
X l
in ske w g e a fs T h e f e fo r e th e s e g e a r s a r e d e s ig lle d
u la is u s e d to
d e te m a in e p it
tio n o f s e iz ı
ıfe A n em p if ic a l fo r m ch
In r dbe p fle v e n
f rce l to th e to o th ,
M a x i p e r m is s ib le o
n o rm a
(2 2 0)
[Đ ]
.
F n 】= d k i
【 î
e r e
2i tio fa c to r
ki = .
Gea r ra
i + ta n h
ww p, - h e lix ı
aıg le o f th e p in io n
w .Ea =
1+ 0 5
1 + V
sl
v j
g
. s lid in g v e lo c ity fa c to r
syE [? ] = em f
p ir ic a l s u r a c e
fr o m T a b le 2 1
s tr e s s d e te r m in e d
h jilia llx . Is n o t k n o lw n b e c a u s e
\ = 0 5 to 0 7 , is a s s u n re d to s ta r t ngWi [ į
v a lu e o f d
1
is c a lc u la te d N o w v s l a n d h e n c e a r e cal cu la a n
is c a f l ie d o u t to o b ta in n e w d , īh u s b y tr ia l a n d e r r o nee d s e c o n d tr ia l
d l is o b ta in e d Ħn io n
h
to o th n u m b e r s h o u ld b e m o r e th a n 2 0 to e n s u r e s m o o t o p e f a
n u n n b e r o f te e th , m o d u le c a n b e d e te n n in e
d
tio n A s s u m in g th e
rin
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e t
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ngi
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l
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rin
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l ; d2 = z
2
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A n g le b e tw
+
w
w
e e n th e s h a fts
h e n b o th h e lic e s a r e o f th e
h e n o f o p p o s ite h a iıd s
y _
P1 İ 92
s a n ıe h a iıd e t
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l
r
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l
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v l s in y
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sl
co s pz
N o te T h e r e is n o s ta iıd a r d fo r c r o sse d h e lic a l g e a r to o th p r o p o r tio n s
2 1 15 .
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2 M
F =
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n
dl co s Pı c os a
n

2 14
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1 tan2 X p
リー
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E ffic ie n c y is m a x im u m w he n P1 -
P2
P ro bı
em 23
F m d th e s p ir a l a n le o f th e te th
g e o n B a n d th e d is ta n c e b e tw e
e n th
s h a fts E a c h s h a ft is id d w th a th r u s t b e a r in
i e
ww p f d i
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g o m e a n r a u s 6 2 S in
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t e co e ffi i
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F in d th e o v e r a ll e ffic ie n c
w
o b liq u ity o f th e to o th
.Ea
y o f th e d r iv e if A is th e d r iv e r a n d th
p r e s s lır e is n ë g le c te d (M
N o te In flu e n c e o f p r e s s u r e a n le o n th
g
U O c t 96 )
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rin
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o
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PA h a v e b ėe n s p e c ilie ￠ w e c o u ld n o t m o d l th e
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e
p p o s ite h a n d s ar e t
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7 V ir tu a l n um ber o f te e th is th e b er
n un ı o f te e th o n an u iv a le n
e tł t s p rJr g e a r ĵ n th e
nom ıa ıp la i ı
e T h e to o tlı p r o lile o f th e q u iv a le n t s p u r g e a r to o th is id e n tic a l to
e
th e to o th polite o f th e h e lic a ı g e a r to o tlı ĵ n th e n o r m a l p la n e
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h
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e q,
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e q
z 17
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ta 】ıò
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w he r e o - ò ,
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s in o
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(z łz 2 ) +
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t jZ + = 05 m
t
z
1
' 7i2 + 1
(3 10)
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an gı
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Fı CROW N G EA R A N D P IN IO N
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R o o t an g le - Ò Bt
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2
m
t
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l
m
a.
(3 14 a )
Pcd (a v e r a g e ) o f g e a r - d2a . -
M a v (3 14 b )
T ip dia m e te r o f p in io n - d ıl - m
t (2 1 + 2 c o s 6 1) (3 1 5 )
T ip dia m e te r o f gear - da2 - m
, (2 2 + 2 CO S ò 2) (3 16 )
be tw een 3 an d 5
36 D
. . e s ig p F o ir ın u ı
as

11 4
LW E {M ,
R \ + 1 罔
2
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syE
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A ss u m e
D e te rm in e E , [a J a n d lo b J L J
A in itia u y d 13 d d e te r m in
s s tim e = an e nu
D a in e th e ic o m e g le f th e p in io « Ļ 6
e rm se m an o
1
D e te r m in e R a ss u m in g v = 3
y
2 "
R an d o b ta in b d
an m
m
D eı
e r m in e tbe p itc h
c i n c l e (a v e r \ ) a iııd
R e Łd p itc h lin e w e lo c ity
an d w
c heck
s t r p im B a a r is ta k e aı fo r v ir tı
ıa ļ t
P ia io n » ar a re
d i Ħa e c h e c k fo r w h e e l has
36
F o r c e s (F ig J 5 )
3& G ea r .
' '
F n fr o m
th e ex p r e s s io n s co m p o n e n t fo r c e s w e o b ta in ih e fo llo w in g
utas
Ft - ta n g e n tia l fo rc e =
dl
av
d ia l fo r c e F
F: - ra -
t
ta n a c o sò (3 2 0 )
\ a x ia l fo r c e F
- -
t
ta iıa s in ò (3 2 1 )
39 B eve l g e a r s a r e n o t in d iv id u a lly in te r c h a ıı e a b le i e w h e n e a r tio h a s
g , , g fa
to be c h a n g e d th e g e a r p a u a s a w h o le h a s to b e c h a n e d
,
g
p ro bı
em 3 1
D e s ig n a b e v e l \ a r d r iv e to tr a n s ın it 7 36 k w a t 1 4 40 r p n ı fo r th e
wwfo llo w in g d a ta
ha r d e n e d
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-
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1
w .
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o
.
-
ı: C 4 5
7 2 0 N /n m
.Ea
s u r fa c e
2
,
o
h a r d e n e d to 55 R C
y
= 36 0 N /m m
2
,
c o re ha rdn e ss < 35 0 B H N
(T a b le 1 18 )
2 A s su m e life
1 0 , 00 0 × 6 0 × 1 440
as
syE 1 0 , 00 0 h o
=
u rs
86 4 × 10
7
c y c le s
3 D e s ig n
[o . ]
s tr e s s e s
= CR H R C K ı ngi (E qn 1 4)
nee
c
- 2 3 X 55 X 0 585 C R - 23 (T a b le 1 10 )
2
7 4 0 N /m m H R C 55
rin
- =
Ķ cl = 0 58 5 (T a b le 1 1 1)
14 K b l
[O b ] =
n ķ cr
0
1
g.n (E qn 1 1)
-
1 4 × l × 32 0
2 5 × 15
1 1 9 5 N /m a
2
o
1
-
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0 25
0 25
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n ı
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2
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50
1 8)
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n - 2 5 (T a b ıe 1 9)
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4 D e te m ıin a tio n o f con e d is ta n ce R
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2
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R 1 2
wy i 4 1
in
l
i i
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= 3
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8o = 1 (a s s ru n c d )
kk d = 1 3 (a s s u n ıe d )
召
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w .Ea
syE
ngi
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rin
g.n
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8 5 38 X 3ií + i x 10 9 4 x 1 0 3
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× 3
o 383 x
2
= 17 8 N / m iıı > 【
o = 1 19 5 N / m m 2
b
Tiaı 2
ww s s u n ıe m t = 4
R = 05 m z vp + 1 05 × 4 18 m 1 14
t l .
x = m a
w .Ea
n d la v nsyE 1 Æ x 59 4 x 1 4 4 0
V
kd
=
60
1 4 ;
× 100 0
-
k
60
16
× 10 00
ngi = 4 5 m /s
nee
= -
S in c e k a i ıd k d h a v e th e sa m e in itia l v a lu e s , [M t] r e n ıa in s u n a lte r e d
[M t ] = 10 9 4 x 10
3
N m ı
ıı
rin "
O
c
-
O ×
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1 14 x
m m
ì
2
73 2 4
< [o c ]
×
=
10 9 4 x
7 40 N /
10
3
n u n
ı
e t
O -
b 2 m
(1 14 0 5 × 38) x 38 x 0 38 3
4 x
2 2
- 75 N /m m < [o b ] = 1 19 5 N / n u n
N o w th e d e s i\ is sa tis fa c to r y
,
T h e d in e n s io n s o
ı f th e g e a r b la n k can be c a lc u la te d u s in g e q u a tio n s,
Pro bı
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D b e v e l g e a r d r iv e to tr a n s m it 3 5 k w S p e e d r a tio
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R 2 00 r p n ı T h e ? iv e is iıo n r e v e r s ib le P in io n is
= o f s te e l an d
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1 Seı
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= 23 X 4 5 × 0 585
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N 2 5 0 0 0 X 6 0 x 2 00 )
- 6 05 5 N ln ın ı
2 (fo r =
7
- 30 × 1 0 c y c le s )
ww
w .Ea 2
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7
c y c le s ) (T a b le 1 6)
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syE n ı Ķa
n -
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2 5
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(T a b le
1 7)
1 9)
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7
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7
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nee
_
7
= 7 5 × 10 c y c le s
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rin
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e
=
t
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O
1
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C I gr a d e 3o h a s o 2
> 2 80 N / m a H en ce
u
e q u iv a le n t Y o u n ' s o u lu s
d
g m
5 2
E _ 17 x 10 N /n u n (T a b le 1 12 )
A s su m e Vy = 3
[M t] = k
o
kk d M t
M -
p in io n to r q u e
t
ww k
kk d
o
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e d)
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ı
w
t
=
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2n x
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2 17 3 N
s
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2
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gin
eer
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R 0 5 W + i
Į
i
= m z
t l
1 58 1 3 = 0 5 m
t
r {1G ļ Ì 18 (a s s u m in g z
l
- 18 )
ng.
5 .
R e v is e
ń'
R
t
=
an
4 26
d fın d b
m m T a ke
18
m
t
-
18 5 5 4
5 (s ta n d a r d )
net
R = 0 5 × 5 × = m m
b = R /3 = 1 85 5 4 / 3 = 61 8 m m
6 .
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c u la te m d la v a n d p itc h U n e v e lo c lw
av
m
av
- m
t \ (d e r iv e d fr o m th e fo r n ıu '" iven fo
? ,n
{T o ge t m
av
E qn 3 I c a ııa ls o be u se d )
= 5 ×
) = 4 17 m nı
dl Z 1 8 × 4 17 = 75 m m
1m
= =
av av
Æ d lw n
l Æ x 75 × 2 00
t H Cı
ı I ıL ıC V =
65
u n ııv a
-
60 x iń00 × 10 0 0

7 .
R Ąe v ls e k ı
aıd [M ,]
he e l
0 B H N fo
r w
is le ss th a n 3 5
S u r fa c e h a r d rıe s s (T a b le I
(E q n 3 18
)
ww x l7 × 10
5
× 18 3 8 x 10a
w .Ea
syE (E q n 3 19)
ngi
62 = ta iı
1
4 = 76°
nee
ò l, = 9 0° T6 ° . 14 °
rin (E q n
ąe q -
h - 0 3 83
Z
l
/ C O S Ò1 = 18 / C O S 14 ° = 19
g.n (T a b le
3 2)
1 16 )
(1 8 5 5 4
1 8 5 5 4 l ì6 + i
05 × 6 1 8)
2
x
x
183 8 × 1 0
6 1 8 × 5 × 0 38 3
3
e t
2 2
- 49 7 N /n u n < [o b ] = 11 7 6 N / m
, m
D e s ig n o
f th e p in io n is s a tis fa c to r y ・ u
H) C h e c k tb e s tr e s s e s in th e w hæ ı
4 38 4 N / m 2 2
o
cw
- -
m > [o c lw = 36 1 3 N / m m
W he e l do e s n o t h a v e a d e q u a te w e a r s tr e w
U s e th e fo llo w in g r e la tio n to c a lc u la te th e in d u c e d b e n d in g s tr e s s
O
bw yw = O
bp Xp w he re
yw is th e fo r m fa a or fo r th e
n u m be r o f te e th o f th e w hee l
Z
Z
= iz 4 X 18
l
=
= 72

W h c c ıh a « a d c q u a [c b e a m * tr e n l￠h ,
c o m m e n ta
] In o rde r to in c r e a n e th e w e a r * lr e n h
l￠ tr f th e w b e c l, i ıc e b a r d » e * ł 】 y
nıiı
bc r a is e d b y n a m e o r in d u c li«m
hardenin o R ,
2 T a k in g m
t
- 6, c a r ry o u t th c aign c a lc u la li{ m l* a* T r ia l 2
r a ıB e v e ı(C a r i D e * ın P r
3 Io S p ı do
, g m pe
ww
w .Ea
syE R
F IG 3 6
ngi
S P IR A L B E V E L G E A R
. .
s h o w s a r ig h t h a n d g e a r in m e s h w ith le ft h a n d p in io n
nee
3 10 1 T h e h a n d o f s p ir a l c a n b e fo u n d u s in g th e r ig h t h a n d s c r e w r u le \
,
3 10 2 T h e s p ir a l b e v e l g e a r te e th a r e g e n e r a te d u s in g a c ir c u la r «x ltte r (F g
.
3 7 ) T h e s p ir a l a n g le V i8 m e a s u r e d a t th e m e a n r a d iu s o f th e g e a r It i$ rin ・
u s u a lly 3 5
°
In o r d e r to o b ta in tr u e s p ir a l to o th a a in n th e r a tio o f fa t ł
a d v a n c e to c ir c u ta r p itc h s h o u ld b e a tle a s t 1 2 5
,
g.n
r a ıG
3 10 3 S p ı
. .
F o r ce s
.
a c tı
n g on
ea r F o rces
th e p ı
n ı
on
2 x In p u t to r q u e
e t
T an g e n tia l lo a d , P , - (P a r a 8)
w h e r e , d la v is th e a v e ra ge d te r o f th e ptch c o D
T he ia l fo r c e F. a n d f a d ia l fo r c e P r Đ p e n d o n th e h a n d
` o f s p ir a l a n d
d ir e c tio n o f r o ta tio n R o ta tio n i8 o b s e r v e d iio m th e in p u t e n d o f th e p in io n
s h a ft
F ro m T a b ı
e 3 1 w e fin d , th e fo r c e s F . an d P r de pe n d o n th e d ir e a io n
,
o f r o ta tio n a ı
ıd th c h a iıd o f to o th s p ir a l
n th c p in io n h a s a p h ıs s iw it is d ir e a e d fr o m ı
If th e r a d ia l fo r c e l o l
th c p o in t o f c o n ta c t to w a r d s th e s h a ft a x is , w i山 a m in u s s ig n in th e o p p o s ite
d ir e c tio n
If th e a x ia l fo r c e F ıl th e :i o n b a s a p lu s s ig Ą it is d ir e a e d a w a y
fr o m th e ı in db e o p p o ıite d ir e a io lı
o f th e c o w l t h a m in u s s ig ı
\ x

3 13
f)I
ł
ww
w .Ea O N TH E
TEE TH
F IG
syE3 7 C U T T IN G S
B A S IC C R O
P IR A L G E A R
W N RACK
ngi
T a b le 3 1 .
C o n d itio n nee
F o rc e s ac tin g on p in io n
lp i i
Ji
n on R H s p ir a l w ith c lo c
w s e r o ta tio n a n d p
in io n L H
k I
j Ft
A ń a l fo r c e , F a 1
rin
s in 61 )
s p ir a 】w ith c o u n te r
r o ta tio n
c la c h « is e l
=
co s p
( ta n a
.
s in d ,
g.np co s
(3 " )
e
'
\
R a d ia l fo F l
t
rc e,
r
a -
N o rm a l r e s s
. p u re a n
gle , 6 1 -
p in io ņ p itc h
F o rces a c tin
co n e an gk
g on th e G e ar
~ M au k ' " c pu m
3 14
s ıp F o r ı n u ı a s
3ıo 4 0e s
,
.
T h e c a lc u ı a tio n o f c o n e d is ta n c e R
,
a n d in d u c e d c o n ta c t s tr e s s o can
c
ie d o u t a c c o r d in g to t h e f o rı ııu la s 3 1 7 a n d 3 18 r e s p e c tiv e ly F o r t
hc
ı ca rr
f i d d b d i
i th e fo ll w i u la is w e d
n u c e e n t
ı
at o tı
cu
o n g s r e s s f o n g o rm
0 7 R V P [M t ]
Qb =
2 (3 26 )
(R 0 5b ) b m yv
n
Is o b ta in e d fo r v ir tu a l n u m be r o f te e th
.
Z
1
Zv l -
(3 27 )
3
co s V
M w
(3 28 )
3
62
ww V
co s co s
V av = 3 0 ° to 3 5 °
V (3 29 )
w ï * tn = m CO S
t
p r o b le m 3 3
T a k e th e d a ta o .Ea
f p r o b le m 3 1 D e s ig n a s p ir a l b e v e l g e a r d r iv e
S te p s 1 to 8 , e x c e p t th e c a lc u la tio n
b l m a ls o
to tbis p f o e
syE s o fo b
in T r ia l 1 an d T r ia l 2 a p p ly
m = 4 m m , R = 1 1 4 n ım , b
t
i = 3, [M t] = 10 9 4 × 10 N
3
nm ngi = 38 m m
Z 1
y
=
CO S 61
Z
l
co s
3
V
=
CO S 18 5 ° c o
18
nee s
3
35°
35 (E qn 3 27)
T a ke V = 3 5°
rin
yv = 0 452
m t CO S V = 4 X CO S 3 5° . 3 2 76 g.n (T a b le
(E qn
1 16 )
3 29 )
e
M =
n
N ow
o
C a lc u la te
=
0 7 R
o
l i2
b
+ 1 [M t ]
t
b 2
(R 0 5b ) b m
n yv
07 × 1 14 × l 3 21 1 x 1 09 4 x 1 0
3
2
(1 1 4 05 × 38) × 38 × 3 276 x 0 452
54 35 N / m m
2 < [o b ] = 1 19 5 N / m m
2
N o te In spral g e a r s ,
m
t
n ee d no t b e o f a s ta n d a r d v a lu e
\ r į

3 15
H ig h lig h ts 3
u sed
1 To co nn ect (w o in te r s e c tin g s h a fts be v e l g e ars ar e
g le d a c u te an g le d an d o b tu se
2 T y p e s : s tr a ig h t b e v e l g e a r s (r ig h t an ,
an
g le d )
,
b e v e l g e a r s (te e th a re c u r v e d ) l
be v e l ge ars are le s s n o is y
3 S tr a ig h t b e v e l g e a r s a re n o is y s p if a l
0 °
d th e g e a r s
th e s h ilfts is 9
ar e
an e qu a l
4 M itr e g e a r s : A n g le b e tw een
be v e l ge ar w ith z e ro s p ir a l a n g le
5 Z e ro l be v e l g e ar s p ir a l
p la c e d A x e s aTe n on in te r s e c ti
6 H y p o id g e a r T b e p in io n is e c c e n tric a lly n g Us
e d
in a u to m o b ile s
tio is to b e c han ge d th e g e ar p a ir
7 In b e v e l g e a r d r iv e , if th e g e a r as a
ww
ra ,
a w ho le
has to b e c h a n g e d
f te e th g e a r h a v in g
w 8 v ir tu a l n um be r o f te e th is th e n um be r o o n a sp u r r a d iu s
en l
l
T h e p r o file o f to o th in th e e qu iv a le n t s p u r g e a r is id
to th e b a c k c o n e r a d iu s
.Ea
e.
b e v e l g e a r to o th in th e tra n s v e r s e p la n e
to th e p t o file o f th e
9 In d e s ig n
fa c to r
syE
c a lc u la tio n s , v ir tu a l n u m be r o f te e th is to b e u se d fo r o b ta in in
g fo m
10
11
Tran sv
D e s ig n
er se m o
p ro c e du re
d u le is c a lc u la te d
1 ) m a te r ia l s e le c tio n
a ıı
ngi
d ro u n de d o ff to
2 ) d e te m
a s ta n
in a tio
d ar d
n o
v a lu e
f d is ta n c e
nee
,
co n e
3 ) ïr a n m o w in g
s v e r s e m o d u le c a lc u la tio n 】 or assu m in g n u ln ber o f te e th on th
4 ) c h e c k in g th e jn d u c e d b e n d in g d ta c t s tr e s s e s
p in io n m co n
rin
g.n
A
r o ta tin g a t
s h a ft a t
p a ir o f b e v e l g e a f s is to b e
3 6 0 íp m
u se d to tra n s m it 1 2 k w
to a g e a r m o u n te d o 끄 a s h a ft w h ic h in te r s e c ts th e
g le o f 7 0 A s s u m in g th a t th e p in io n ís to h a v e a n o u ts id e p itc h
an
°
an
e lr o m a p in io n
p in io n t
d ia m e te r o f 2 0 0 W a p rr e s s u r e a n g le o f 2 0
°
a fa c e w id th o f 4 0 m
n an d ,
th e g e a r s h a ft is to r o ta te a t 12 0 ï p m d e te m in e (i) th e pitc h a n le fo r th e
g,
g e a r s (ii) th e fo r c e s o n th e g e a r s a n d (iii) th e td f q u e p r o d u c d a b o u t th e s h a ft
a x is
(M U O c t 9 7)
1 P itc h an g le s
: Ii = 15 7 ° 6 = 70 ° 1 5 7 ° . 54 3 °
ı ,
2

3 16
(a v e ra g:e ) o f p in io n
D
2 pC
m
d lw =
\ 00
A ssu m e z = 20
l
P C D (o u ts id e ) o f p in io n ,
ww
w .Ea
3 T an g e n tia ıfo syE
rc e o n th e gea r to o th
F
ı
=
2M
tl
ıvı
tl
- w r q u ú
ngi u ll u lu
łıııl ıu ıı
lt r v
12 × nee
10 3 × 60
3 18 3 N
rin
= m
2n x 36 0
2 × 3 18 3
18 9 2
× 10
3
= 3 36 5 N
g.n
4 Fo rce s
R a d in l fo f c e
on th e p in io
- F -
n
ta n a c o s ð
1
e t
,1
= 3 36 5 x ta n 20° x cos 15 7 °
. 1 17 9 N
A x ia l fo f c e l - ta n c e s in Ô
-
a 1 1
= 33 6 5 x ta n 20° x s in 15 7 °
. 331 N
5 Fo rces
, o n th e g e a r
6 336 5 x ta n 20° X cOS 54 3 °
. 7 15 N
F = F ta n a co s
2
=
r2 t
F 3365 x ta n 20 ° x s in 54 3 °
. 99 5 N
= F ta n a s in ô, -
a ż ,
引五
6 T o rqu e
, o n t e gea r ıh a 盘：
Į
M = I× M - 3 × 3 18 3 = 955 M n
i2 I

4 .
W O R M G EAR S
i h f
4 1 F o r co n n ec tin g n o n p a r a lle l n o n in te r s e c t n g s a ts w o rn ı
g e a r s na
d (H s s e d h e lic a l g e a r s a r e a ls o ï ıs e d in
u se yp o id an d c ro so m e a n n
- "
li-w - y[
lo
ns
4 2 A dva n ta g e s o fW o rm G ear D r iv e s
ww
w
s u r fa c e s
If th e
.Ea
in c o n ta c t, th e d tiv e is r e v e r s ib le T h e e ffic ie n c y is g r e a te r th a n
ffic ie n c y is le s s th a n 5 0 % , th e ? iv e w ill b e s e lf lo c k in g
50 %
syE
e
4 4 D ı
. .
sa dv a n ta g e s
a )C o p a r a tiv e ly lo w 伍 c ic n c y , lo w th a iı th a t f a to o th e d B e a r Č i
(T a b le 4 1 )
m e
ngi er o
ve
N
T
u m
a bı
e 4 1
be r o
A ppro
f s ta r ts in th e
x ı
ın a
w o
ı
m nee
e E M d e ıı
心 e s In W o
Z
rm G ea r
E ffic ie n c y , )/
D r h re
rin
0 7 to 0 7 5
2
3 an d 4 g.n
0 7 to 0 8 2
0 8 1o 0 9 2
e t
Fı
G L ı
时制ヒ吐血匿园唱 w ith s lid iı唱お口[io 国 _ S ıd iıB 羽a io o 虹回国ば钮目网园阳气

d ıııı th t to r t o o t ĥ c d o f ı* & ia im m d æi Ė & ir g o
Į f
ı* e & iv e ta k e s p b c e m b c a t * s i* r e d » c e d b y M b g
42
r 4f 1Į ・
iJ P
\t J J M u
ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t
fin n c d w a ı
ıu il r c s c n n it s ,
w h ic h in tc rıs ify th c h e a l tr a n s fe r l t \ ıı
ıc a m b ie n t i
l r
c ) 1o w ĺx ıly n t \ło v e r 7 5 k w w h e r e a s th c c a p a c ity

} v ır r c a p a c ity u su a
o f th c t\t o th c d B e a r d r iw s a s h ip h a s 5 0 0 0 0 k w
ı .
4 5 / \ w o r m is a s c r e w lik e m e m b e r W o r m s c a r d r iN c * n b c v is u a lis c d a s a
s c r e w a n d n u t p a ir (Ħ g 4 I a ) A s e g m e n t o f th c n u t is c o ile d to fo r m a w he e l
(F ig 4 1 b)
4 6 T h c th r e a d o fw o rm ha s a tr a p e T o i? l p r o file iııth c a x ia l d ir c a io n W o r m
w h e e l te e th a r e c u t b y h i n g u s ın g a h o b c u tte r w h c h is v e r y s im ila r to t h c
w o rm th a t is g o in g to n ıa l e w ith th e w h e e l H c w co rrea e n ga g e m en t is
a c h ie v e d
4 7 . W o rm G e a r in g G e o m e tr y (F ig 4 2 )
(Y ) iś th e a n g le b e in th c t\ t to th c p itc h h e lix d
L ea d an g le n x n n an
彐
遍
43
f r o ta tio n
th c p la n e o Z Pa (4 1)
ta n d ia m e te r o f th e w o rm
y =
h c ir c le z
cial p itc
,
.
d
p itc h , l
-
w he re pa -
(4 2 1
= 1r m
Pa x
e o f th e
w o rn ı
lm o du ı
he re m is th e a x ia
h
p itc
w x
w o rm x
th e
N f th r e a d s in
ıre a d = o o
-
(4 3 )
ź
f s ta r ts o f th e
w o rm
G
ww tio
g le f th e in e e l
-
ea r ra
N o o h e lix a n o w
le o f w o r m
-
9o
°
w o rm
d r iv e 'e a d a n g
F o r
,
s a ]m e
he e l a re
f r w o rm a n d w
w H
T
an ds o f h e lix
l.Ea
in c r e a s e th e e n g
th
o
o f lin e s of c o n ta c t th e w
u e n c lo s e th e
he e l
w o rm
s u r fa c e
)
is m a de
p a r tia y
o
o n c ave to e m b ra c e
syE
th e w o r m
her
(to
M o re te e th a r e in c o n ta c t
d g
E a c h ıı
e a t
r e m b
e r lo a d c a
e r p a r tia lly e n c lo s
n b e tr a n s m
itte d
e s th e o t
ngi
nee
an r
rin
g.n
e t
N G W OR M G EAR
G 4 3 D O U B L E E NV E LO P ı
Fı
DRı vE
4 9 B a s ic D im e n s io n s (F ig 4 1 )
.
e 42
T a bı
S y n ıb o l Fo m u ı
ı a
N ıe n c la tu r e
o tı
C en tr e d is ta n c e a a - 0 5 m
.
(q + z )

4 4
« te r {a a o r dl /m
Ðia q q -
x
o a o ııı
clearance o 2m Io 0 3 m
B c =
x x
H e ig b ı fa c b o r \ f. = 1
丽o r 回
d da 1 d l + 2 f. 用 .
二耐
-
a l
) 0l d
ia m e fe r
dn dl 2 らm . 2c
p ı -
呐四门国 w h e el
p itc h d ia m e te r d2 d2 - zm
.
m d ia m e te r d
a 2
0
a2
-
(z + 2 f )m
. .
R o o t d ia m e te r 2c
. )
d f2 d f2 -
(Z 2f m
.
ド
ww ー
w .Ea 寧
syE
ngi 一
nee 。
rin
一
g.n
e t
4 B A S IC Dı O N S
M EN Sı
4 ıe Fo rces (f ıs 4 5 )
歹心目公冶四回切勿门 ıı
l d in to F . a n d
F is r e s o b re d in to F . c o s a . A n d F c F , c o s a . Is r e s o v e
.
t f es A ı s o ta n a
F
ľ
F Is c liım n a t c d fr o n ı t b e \ c s s ıo n s r co m po n e n o r c
n
ı
«i b y l a n a c o s y T b ııs th e fo lı o w in g fo m ıu la s a r e o b t a in e d
F, (4 4 )
T g c ııtia l fo
-
rce -
an
(w o r ın p itc h d ia m e te r / 2 )
A ıia l fo r c e -
F, - F t/ ta n y (4 5 )
R a đa l fo rc e - F . ta n a (4 6 )
a an g le W
p r e
=
-

°
・
r
ww
w .Ea F IG 4 5 W O R M
FO R CES
syE i ns
a « re a c t o
d u c to t h c Io rc e s a c tin g o n
lło r c e at o Iı th e w
bee l c a n bc
ngi
c a lc u la te
d
nee g n S tr e s s
ı es
ı d U ea
of *a ı an
'
M des u re
4 11 M a ı
a te r ı «! o
, ,
1 ik c ro o th c d ge a r d r iv e s , w o rm g c łır d r
iv e s
rin
a rc c a lc u la te d ro r to o th
ïx )« ĥ c h b c ti h ig h e r m e c h a n ic a l p r o p e r tie s th a
s tr e n g th o
r th c
n
w
t h a t o r th c
h e e l te e th g.n
o
w h e e l th c
n ly
c a lc u ı
a tio ns
a rc
W
m
o rn ıw
a de
heel
ı
o d c tc r m
C a ĥ t ir o n is u s e d fo r
in c
lo w
th c
s p e e d ,
lig h t d u ty d r iv e s , a t s lid in g v c
e
o c itic s
ı
fo r v e lo c itie s u p to 8 m /s
t
b d b r a s s e s a rc u se d
u p to 2 m /ß
T in lc titi m » n z e s a n
d fo r v e lo c itie s u p to 2 5 m /s
C a pit ıin b r «m w s a r c u s e ld h a v e h ig h
h
c o m b in a tio n s o u
i l d ro r w o r m w he e l w o rm
M a te r a s u tic
i e
o r tie s 1o r e s is t s e z u r
a n tifr ic tio n p r )p
c
W o rm 8
e d to 5
f l L b a l ıo y s te e ls c a s e h a r d e n
w o r n m a r c m a d e o s te e o w c a r o n
l fu ll o r
l d d i c a r b o n a llo y s te e s
to 6 3 R c o r m e d iu m c a r o n b s te e s a n m e u m ,
h fa c e ro u gh n e s s s
h o u ld b e
d to 5o to 55 R c u s e d T c s u r
s u r fa c e h a r d e n e
a r e
d ro u n d a n d p o
lis h e d
w h ic h p u r p o s e th e th r e a s a e g
f r
a s lo w a 8 p o $ s ib lc ,
o r
i h e a t tr e a tn ıe n t
T h c w o r m s o í lo w s p e e d d r iv e u s u a lly r e c e v e n o

4 6
d R p tır r
=
r g an
0 th e w h e e l te e th a r c a ffe c t e d b y th is i
n ih n e
r u le Th e t e e th o f w o rm e e l s a re
A s a
th e d g e a T h is is d u e Io th e lid i
s u bl e a to j a g r e a te r w e a r th a n
th Ę e
Ï
L to o rs
s n g o f te e th
4 ıIJ D e s ig p S tr e s s es
.
M j
a o r fa iı
u r e in th e
g e a r is d u e to s e iz u r e T h m e fo r e th e a llo w a b le
p ) m n t a c t s tr e s s e s a r e a s s i ı
(d c s igz g ıe d d e p e n diııg o n th e c o n ıb in a tio n o f
t i l d h
t e \ ţ loci o f s lid i
n g N e g le c tin g th e n u m b e r o f lo a d
t u ıg m a e r a s u ı
o x ıta c
t in c e th e m a g it d e o f a llo w a b le s tr th e
e s s is considerab l o w
o r es s n u
O e e n d u r a n «x lim it
S in c e t h e w n n t h r e a d s p o h e e l te e th
sse s s v e M g h s tr e n g th o n ly th e w
a re c a lc u la te d fo r te n d in g
T h e d e s ig n
ww T a bk 43 D
s tr e s s e s a r e
es ig n C on
gh m in T a b le s 4 3
t a c t S tr e s s , [o . ] N
,
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ı
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2
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M
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ı
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v e lo c
10 0
1
itv V
,
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y
m l
s
3 4
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syE
ro n z e 19 0 1 85
N o te T h e a n n e \ a lu e s a r e fo r accura[tly c u T a n d w e ll lu b r ic a [e d w o r m
IT6 l
lb ı 15 9 14 9
f h
ngi
g e a r p a ir ı t e s e tw o c Łr n d itio n s a r e n o t s a tis fie d R e d u c e th c a b o v e v a lu e s h y
3 0 6 T h t a b o w \ a lu e s n e e d n o ( b e m o d ifie d fo r fa tig u e tile a s t h e m a in
41
fa ilu r e in w o ï m g e a r in g is d u e [o s e e
T a bı
e 4 4 D es nee
ig n B e ııd iııg s tr e ss [o b ] N m m
2
rin
, ,
M a te r ia l M e th o d o l o
イ 2
o
w
l
he e l
c a s t in
w he e l
g ば亀 m d ir e c t io tı o n ı
y
g.n
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B ro ı
ıze
Sa n d
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o
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e
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t
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on
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四■區
4 7
'
tıv tl ta c t s 【
r '" '
he e ı
de sw co n io tb e w
[o c ] =
d coı ıta c t
s tr e s
S
= iï ıd u cc
2
O-
c
in N /m m
th e he e l
iz / q ) J w
,
s u l
su e s
b e o d io g
o
= ir ıd u c e d
1 9 [M , }
b
m q z yv
4 6)
v e lo c
ity (F ig
V 一 s lid in g
s 切 m /s
w o rm
ity f th e
ww
o
v e lo c
h lirıe
p itc
w V
60
p itc h
x
.Ea
10 0 0
w he re
v e lo c ity
o
n l -
f tb e
w o rm
w he e l
sp e e d irı 印 m
syE
=
2
le a d ilım m
w o rm q ee d iī ı r p m x
60 X 10 0 0
ngi
nee
G rin
g.n
v
l
e t
G 46
Fı
4 1 3 E M id e n cy
a r in g
T h e lo s s e s in a w o r m g e a r d r iv e a r e c o n s titu te d b y th e lo s s e s in g e
th e
(m a in ly d u e to th e s lid in g o f th e w o r m th r e a d s a lo n g th e w h e e l te e th ), in
h e e l b e a r in g s , a iıd th o s e d u e to th e c h u r n in g a i ıd s p la s h in g o f
w om ı a iıd w
lu b r ic a tin g o il
T h e e ffic ie n c y o f th e g e a r in g c o n s id e ń n o n l th e e a r in g lo s s e s is
g y g,
(4 13 )
ta n (Y + p )
w h e r e p is th e a n le o f fr ic tio n th t d
g a e p e n d s o n th e n ıa te r ia ls o
f tb e
m a te d p a ir , s u r fa c e fin is h lu b r ic a tio n a n d v e lo c it o f lid i
,
y s n g
S lid in g w io c i[ v e r s u s f i i
y r a o n al ffi i c e n t is
co e
g iv e n in F ig 4 7

48
:
ĝ:'"
ţ c o t os 10 15 2 0 Z S 3 0 35
S i id in
g w o c it y
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ww F IG 4 7
w
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T a k in g im o ı
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n
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t
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4 14 t Rt»
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syE
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W
l lm
一
a ķ s is
。 7 u
j
ta l リン우 p )
p ı呷
W \ o rm
P r a n tb e d r in e m a y n e n t u a W b e c a u s e a n e r h e a tin g w m d e a e a s e th e ngi
d r in e s p r o d u c e n ıu c h h e a t U n le s s p r o p e r h e a t r e ıııo \ a l is
,
o f th e o il c o n t a in e d in th e casimŁr a is ir ı
ń E n o 【b e s u b je c t to c H e r h e a lin g if
g th e r is k o f s e iz u r e T h e á
nee
e
H ea
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l ge n
e r
e r a te
lo ss )
d (H g ) = H ea t em in e d in to th e
rin
aırııo s p h e r e (H . )
(1 q)
8
x
to 1 7 w
in p u t p ?
h
2
w er
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c
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te m
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n n e o m s id e th e
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1ıs rıa lh r ta k e n
te m p e r a tu r e )
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use ĺ o rc e d
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4 9
h
ı d th
ı o fw heeı
4 Ix L « a ıth o fw o rm ・ ce w
fW L
g th
o rm
T a b le 4 3 H n o ,
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T
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tw 2 x
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W id th o f W hee ı b
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T a bı ,
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dc 2 (m ? D ia m e te r o f th e w he e l
Z b )
de 2 da 2 + 2 m
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o r 3 0 75 d l x
de 2 da 2 + m
4 0 (į 7 d l x
ww 4 16 D
1
e s ig n
S e le c t th e
P r o c ed u re
ta ls
m a te r i (T a b le 4 3 & T a b le 4 4 )
w 2
i)
D e te r m
.Ea
in e ce n
D e p e n d in g o n th e e ffic ie n c y
t뇨e n z is d e te r m in e d
tr e d is ta n c e a (E q n
re q u ir e m
4 7)
en t Z is c h o s e n (T a b le 4 1)
an d
N
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u rııb e r o
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b e r o f te e th s h o u ld n o t b e b e lo w 2 2 s o a s to h a v e a d e q u a te c o n ta
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ct
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e
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e
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C ho
a n d in te n s ify its d e fo r m a tio n
o se in itia lly d ia m e te r nee

fa c to r q 1 1 T h is c a n v a r y fr o m 8 to 13
-
r ig id ity
(L a r g e r v a lu e s o f q a r e
q dł m - Fr o m T a b le 4 2 )
ta k e n fo r fitte d o n w o r m s to in c r e a s e th e ir
rin
g.n
.
[o c ] in itia l v a lu e is c h o s e n a t V s - 3 m /s e c (T a b le 4 3)
iv ) A s s u n ıe k k 1 (in itia lly )
e
-
d
(k o
k
kd
=
a s u ita b le v a lu e
=
-
1
1 fo
V 2 < 3m / s
r
t
kd = 1 2 fo r V 2 > 3 m / s )
v ) M t
r e fe r s to th e w h e e ıto r q u e
3 C a lc u la te ? ia l m o d u le m u s in g th e fo rm u a l g iv e n in T a b le 4 2 R ound
x
o ff to M gh e r
a s ta n d a r d m o d u le
4 R e v is e a a n d o b ta in d l -
q m
x
5 C a lc u la te th e s lid in V
g
ä» s
= V /c os y
.
.
u se e q u a tio n ta n y - =
aĥ \ 9 U lı
i# M r ĺi ) 3 *M f
Vs Ĵ e ĵo $ś q * e§￥
'
[ c ] fo r th ë a c tu a l
:
6 C o rr e c t o ł￡& w ,
ßl
7 R e v is e k, kd d
a iı [M t] fo r th e a c tu a l v e lo c it o f th e
y
& C h e c k fo r tlıe in d u c e d s tr e s s e s
a s a ıe lic a l g e a r a n d th e fo r m fa c to r is c h o s e n fo r
l v ir tu a l n u m b i
d o n e fo r h e lic a l g e a r s

4 10
w ay o f
v a lu e o n e
ił
ţ YXt
,
'
''
th co w e r lo s s a n d th e a r c a r e q u ir e d to
d is s ip a te th e h e a t
c a lc u la te p
t0 l a n d o th e r
f w id th o f th e w h e e
t1 D c tc r m in c th c le n g th o r th e w o r m , a c e
d 4 6)
b a s ic d im e n s io n s o f lh c w h e e l (T a b le s 4 2 , 4 5 a n
b x th c c e tr e
h c d e s ig n o r th c d r iv e is fo r a s p e e d r c d u c c r (g e a r o ),
n
12 I f t
d by
s h o u id h c a s ta n d a r d (p r e fe r r e d ) o n e
T h is s h o u ld b e o b ta in e
d is ta n c e a d z (in te g e r )
r ia le ıy s e le c tin g m x (s ta n d a r d ), q , z (in te g e r ), a n
a p p ro p
4 1
p r o b le m
d o f 14 4 0
D e s ig n a w o r m g e a r d r iv e to tr a n s m it 2 2 5 k w a t a w o r m s p e e
V e lo c ity r a tio is 2 4 1 A n e ffic ie n c y o f a tle a s t 8 5 % is
d e s ir e d T h e
rpm
i h
e r a tu r e r s e s o u
ld b e r e s tr ic te d to 4 0 °C
te m p
ww
D
1
e t;e r m
in
e c tio n
Seı
e th e
o
re q u ir e d
n a te r ia ı
fı
co o lin g a re a
a)
b)
w W
W
o rn ı
n ee l
s te e
B ro n z e
l
.Ea (s a n d
390 N / m
c a st
2
)
syE
o < m
u
2
(T a b le 4 4 )
[o b ] 5 0 N / m m =
(R o ta tio n in o n e d ir e c tio )
ngi
n
2 c u la tio n
Caı o f cen tr e d is ta n ce
q u ir e d is 8 5 %
nee d in g be r o f s ta r ts , Z 3 o r 4
=
E ffic ie n c y re ,
c o rre sp o n n u m
Z = 3 is cho se n z - iz = 24 × 3 = 72
C he ck w h e th e r z lie s b e tw e e n 25 an d 85
rin
g.n
日 C ho o se q - 11
1 59 N /m
2
t V 3 /s (T a b le 4 3 )
间 A ssu m e [o c ] ー m a
s
- m
の
A ssu m e
w D e e ļ to r q u
in itia lly k k d
e -
2 7t X
-
P
1
o w er X
rpm o f th e
60
w he e l
-
22 5
2 7r X
× 10
(14 4
3 e t
k kkd M l x l × 3 58 1 × 10
3
3 5 8 1 >ą 冒阽田同团团
[M t]
_
= =
o t
2 '
-
[(T 2 / 1 1 ) + 1]
35
\ 一 34 6 田 m
3 C aı
cu ı
a tio n o f a x ia ın ıo e (T a b le 4 2 )
du ı
M
x
一 2 a / (q + z ) 一
(2 × 3 4 6 )ノ(1 1 + 72 ) 一 8 4 田田
a
T a ke m
x
- 1o m m (s ta n d a r d )

毒ï ı
tr%
io d ı
・ m
d \1 N ı
Rni + 1) 4 1l m
m
旧
14 II × - l lt) ı
7 1)
. -
dı - tt < r ıı
, rrï
tł .
ïi
n
按习自
心
- ł, tq 目
a o T
。
ı ı5 Z i
lc
-
a rw
y
k ad
孓
M S * d, n
« zi
=
￥ 10 0 0
01
l lu 14 4 0
ß X . 8 3 m /s
°
0O X 10 0 0
m o d ifie d {o 】is c
re d u c ed
bī
C 】a
1o
'"
wswi m
4 . '
ity f tb e he e L
e \ te lo c
o w
l p itc b lin
w.E ? R c \ se i L ı a n «l [M , }
@
fo r th e a c tu
m m
a
} x l\
14 4 0 × Z P a (o r Z T m
ı
)
asy 6o
.
w o n n s x
V 2 -
60 × 10 00
3 x T X 10 /s
14 4 0 × 22
E . m
10 0 0
S V -
60
12
×
m
'
s < 3 m l\ kd ngi = 1
3
M l = kkd M
3 58 1 x
,
-
10
1 x 1 x 3 58 1 x
3
N m m
10
nee
(in itia l v a lu e its e lg
rin
-
8 D e a e r m in a tio ııı o f in d ııc e d s tr e s s e s
o 一
ス
互
l r l
54 0
日上 1
3
py
10 g.n W 48 )
e
c a
3 58 1 X 10
3
t
2 2
12 1 N / m m < [o c ] = 1 27 N / m m
1 9 IM
, 1 19 × 3 58 1 x 10
3
O
Ł
= =
(E q n 49 )
3
m q z \ 10 × 11 x 72 × 0 4 99
2 2
1 7 22 N / m m < {o b } 50 N / m 3
=
ı
n lm
zq = z y
3 80
= 7 2 / Q O ls 0 2 9 =
其一 0 4 99 ゆ匱 8 0 te d h )
90 Eı m ? c ı
ea q

H ea t R em ova ıA n a ı
ys ı
s
10 4 15 )
) n pu l Po
ı K 1. ) A (Iqn
t ( "ť
× w e r '
(1 rl -
2
10 W
' /oc
0 8 4 7 ) 2 2 50 0 10 x 4 0 A T a ke K = m
(1 =
t
A = 6 m
2
t
o
t
.
- 40 C
°
(g iv e n )
B a s le D lm e n s lo n s
1
11 1
w o rm
(T a b ı
e 4 5)
L te n g th o f w o rm
L z (1 2 5 + 0 09 z ) n ı.
ww L ; -
12 .
L +
+
35
0 . 9 x 7 2) 1
=
0 =
225 m m (w
1 8 9.
ith g r in d in g
nu n
a llo w a iıc e )
w ĺ
N
T ake
. .
c
M be r
o
o
f th r e a d s
n u m
f th r e a d s
.Ea
ber o
sh o u
o n
ld b e
f th r e a d s
w o rn ı
as
a w
8
-
h o le
L /J
n m
tm
ber
x
= 2 2 5 / (J t X 1 0 ) = 7 16
A l le n g th o f w o r n
c tu a
p itc h d ia m e te r o f th e
syE ı
w o rm
- 8 x
dl
n m
-
.
-
1 10
25 1 2
m m
m m
T ip d ia n
d ia n
ıe tc r
te
da1
dn
- dl
dl
+ 2m
2m
.
ngi - 1 10 +
2c
2 × 10 = 130 m m
nee
R o o t ıe r =
x
1 10 2 × 10 2 × (0 3 × 10 ) = 84 m m
W U ee l
Face w id th o f th e w hee l
rin (T a b le 4 (\)
b =
p itc h
0 75 d l
c ir c le
-
d ia m
0 75
e te r o
× 1 10
f th e
=
w
82 5
h e e l, d 2
m m
- zm
.
= T 2 X 10 =
g.n 72 0 m m
T ip d ia m
M a x im u m
e te r o
w
f th e
h e e l d ia m
w heel
e te r
=
de 2
da2
-
=
-
da 2
(z
7 40 + 1 5
+
+ 2 )m
1 5 m
× 10
x
.
-
(7 2
=
+
755
2 ) X 10
m
em
=
(T
740
a
m
b le 4 6 )
m
t
2 )m 2c
R o o t d ia m e te r o f th e w he e l = d tz =
(z x
2 )1 0 2 x 0 3 × 10 6 94 m
(7 2 = m
n 't] is th e d e s ig n to r q u e (o u tp u t to r q u e )

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

°
: ł
5 . SP E E D R E D U C E R S
in p u t s p e e
d ,
S pe e d r e d u c e r s be c la s s ifie
M can d g to th e typ e o f d r iv e u s e d
a c c o r d in
(s p ,
he ı ic a ı
,
bev el an d w o rn ı
B e a r s ), n u ıııb e r o f s ta g e s (s in g le s ta g e ,
áo u b *e s ta g e , e c ) m
t d a r r a n g e m e n t o f s h a fts
(h o r iz o n t￠ v e r tiw p a r a lle l
ww
c o a x i￠
l
w id e y u s
i
e
n
d
tc
t
r
yp
s e
e
a
s
i
o
ıg
f to
e
o
tc
th
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(2 5 to 3 ) × d ia m e te r o f th c s h a ft = 10 0 m (a s s u m e d )
m
(D ia n ıe te r o f th e s h a ft is ua ı
m o w n at th is s ta g e )
CU c n la a o ır o r ı
p n lo ııfo r c e s ıd s h
a ı R dı
a ıı
ıe te r
2 X 6 5 X 10?
l -
. ・ 19 70 N
66
F
,1
-
l ta n a cos ò1 - D ta n 2 op
1 g rı cos 18 3 = 68 0 N
\, -
Ą ıta ııa s iı
ıö - 19 70 ta n 2 op s in 18 5 = 2 27 N
,
BM F
ı
=
rl
x = Fđ 2b = 680 × 85 = 5 7 8 00 N m n ı
BM - F
2 .ı '
ı
- 2Z 7 x (6 6 7 2 ) = T4 9 1 N ı
ıim
BM F
3 =
t, x = ıg r)O × 8 5 = l ó N ı« a

x 1 N m m
. 17 4 4
ÏH [.
2
] 25 N / m m
h ic h
=
r
w
兀 Us
35 田 m
T a ke d、 -
B e a r in g s
S e le c tio n o f
4
N m m
BM = 17 4 4 x 10
W × 85 =
R
ww W
T a k in g
= 2 05 2 N
m om ċ n t a bo u t A ,
w 20 5 2 X 8 5
R B = 174 4 N
B
.Ea
= R B X 10 0
T a M n g m o m e n t a bo u t
R A
X 10 0 = W X 185
R A = 2 052 × 18 5 / 10 0 = 3 7 9 6
syE N
,
i
i
M a x im u n ır a d ia l lo a d is o n th e b e a r n g a
t A B e a r in g s e le c tio n is b a s e d
f s a n ıe n u m b e r m a y b e u s e d
ngi
on
A x ia l lo a d =
F.
i
th e lo a d a t A F o r A a iıd B , th e b e a r n g s o
- F 1 - 22 7 N
. nee
R a d ia l lo a d
/F 227/ 37%
= F
,
- R A - 3 796 N
0 06 rin
g.n
- ss
,
T a pe r ro lle r b e a r in g m a y be u se d
P o r s h a ft dia n ıe te r 3 5
P .
(X F , + Y Ę )S
m n e - 0 37 (T a b le 5 2 s e r ie s
e
3 2 20 6 0 8 )
t
-
(l × 3 79 6 + 0 X 2 7)1 5 = 569 4 N
L . 30 ,0 0 0 60
× × 0 00 = 2T0 0 X 10 6 r e v o lu tio n s
C " k
-
(L / L 1o ) P .
(2 T00 / 1)3/ 10 × 56 9 4 . 6 0 92 9 N
旧u u
唱 0 o rc iı
*iiĮ lalii ałıa ı \ \ü ı
ら「區ı
W n e e ıb n c e s
an d a h a tt d h
e te r
nı
;í P
7
=
Ę, - 22 7 N L
'
:
42 -
Ę1 = 19 TO N Î "
be n be a t th e
c e n tr e
o f th e s h a ft
s o a s to
ga a g r e a te r

5 .1 7
F © o n d o re \m «ıg in o r y F a n d g iv e o c o u pı
e Tw \
t2 t2
ww Ft
2
© g iv e s be n d in g
F ıG
m «» m
5 17
e n t In t h e h o r iz o n ta ı p ı
a n e
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
T .
-
VBM Ř+ T = l 1
2
9 ? + 19 5
2
= 235 4 N m
rin oo t= j 4
F o r C 14 ,
16 1
c
ś
[T ]
[T 加]
= 25 N / m
16 × 2 3 5
i ıı
4 X ś 25
8 ￡a Č rl
g.n
e
一・
Į ,
ĺ Č s iĮ \ Ł
t
石
"
36 3 2 T a k e dļ = 40 m lıı UPto n ,ıia iq コ

[t
= m ıĄ
A X ia l lo a d F = F 2 = 680 N
. a
32 2 08 h a s 4 0 ń n ıb ėk T ab e t 52 8 2 e e - 03 7
F /F > e X = 0 4 Y = 16
a
000
r ,
W hee l life L 60 × 0 00/ i

x
1 09
= =
900 X re vo lu tio n s
00 / 3 ) =
- 3 0 0 0 0 × 6 0 × (0
ıł
C .
(L I L lo )V k
P
r Fł
\: Ł
P = Q ÇF . + J S .
l6 X 680)F 224 1 N
10 5 5 +
į (0 A x

b e tw e e n th e
p r o v id in g c le a r a iı
ce
tb e g e a f is 6 2 5 m m
pa ce w idth o f
s h a ft le iı g th a s
10 0 n u n (F ig 5 1 8 )
ta k e
,%Adter , ; = 2 m m
ww
w .Ea c o n s t it u te
syE
ngi
L S 1 0 0 = i nee
F IG 5 ]8 rin
«・
aıl ied g.n
e t

5 ]9
i . 3* J # n rÞs y , Ţ
4 18 m m T a ke d . - 45 m m (s ta ix ta r d )
«l, ￡ .
n # t$t
k c tl￠pra
￠￠4 ı
p 口r 珀a fi cliam四比 r 5 回国， w e r e te r to 7 2 B s e r ie s o f g u la r
4 an じ口口加伐
T a b le 5 A ) S n c e th e r e is a lı a x ia l ı
i o a d o o tb e s h a fĻ n g d a r c o n ta d
bc a r in g» (
a
lr c to b c c
h o a c n
bc a r iw i
￠ 1 14,
ww
w .Ea
L
C
・
-
36 0 00 % 6 0
(L / L u t) P = syE " k
x (4 T 5 / 4 ) 2 5 6
x 3 6 6 0 = 2 32 5 4 N
(2 5 6 5 / 1)
=
t/ 3
5 × 1 r e v o lu tio n s (ı
o r M ıe e l)
B e a ń n g w ith n u m b e r 7 2 09 8 w itb C 2 80 0 0 N m e e ts ?
ď d }n a m ic lo a d c a \ ity a n d s h a ft d ia m e te r (T a b le 5 5 ) ngi = r em e n ts
a » SA
Pro b ı
D e * ig n tb e g ie a r i h a ïu O r tb e nee
r e v e r te d g e a r tr a in s b o w ıı in th e F i\ e
5 19
rin
Pb w e r iln p u t = 1 83 K w g.n
M o d u le ◆
◆
5
50
m» m
用币
e t
N&
10 6
:
も
32 一爾
哗
：
ノ
ー
牡
ド
F IG 5 19 i F
械矿

LS × Ø × 60 _ ı8 2 N n
T gw
Ļ T r
-
ił o?
ı
j ×
į
￠0
.
x go u
W ıM
2 T = X 32 0
2
T « q e æ
lı P _
T Tı
ı
=
3
制产X 쁘
e o 1
T o ￠ï p
L 83프 一 16 3 L 9 8 N =
& ıi
\ T. 2 r x ı0
=
T on p e æ p
d « in ń = * * g Ū
D d p m .
D 【m ı* im
af p «
o fıbc p i
ıiıi d b n n = m
ů e r w d
ww r ı
'
w.E
asy f
ł
4
E ngi
nee
rin
g.n
ıi
l
° r
iz -
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ım e
e t
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￠ Fi
ı ło d i￠ıl in c e
F . fi
tJ ł
13
￠ - fi
a*
Fı
￠ 5 ZD
. 一封此乃贸
ť be ï e ıt ic a ı *
p b e d ıe ıo % a ıd
吕制レー
% x らー骂吼T5 × 観二胃口乃舞目

5 21
m o m e n t in th e h o r iz o ta l p la
B e n d in g n n e ,
F t4 × l3 10 9 2 8 × 0 1 10 9 2 8 N
BM H = - - m
b e n d in g t B M R V ÊM Ł+ BM À
e s u lta n
R t m o m en = -
- \ + 09128 )
2
_ 1 16 2 9 N m
V ÊM À+
T o rq u e e q u iv a le n t = T
.
- T
2 2
-
29) + (1 6 3 93) _ 2 00 9 8 N m
ww
w H o r iz o n
lo a d in g
d ia g r cım
ta ı
.Ea ł2
F
t N
1 92 8 N
60 7 2 N
syE
H o r iz o n ta l
b e n d in g ngi
m o m e n
d ia g r o m
t
nee
Ve r t ic a l
42 13 2
Fr 3 . 9 7
rin
8
lo a
d ia g
d in g
ra m
g.n
V e r tic a l
ı2 2 0 9 N
e
3 0 9 33 N
t
be n d in g
22 0 9 N m
m o m e n t
d io g ra m
G 5 21
Fı
l sh a ft n ıa te r ia ı a iıd ta k e
H a r d e n e d a llo y s te e
as
A s s u n ıe case
'
P e r m is s ib le she a r s tr e s s [T ] = 4
0 N /m aı
,
?
16 × 2 00 98 × 10 ś 40
. []
T
Ĵ rd ã
,
Æd ĝ
d3 = 29 67 m m = 30 m m

5 22.
D e s lg p o f s h a ft ı
F u1 -
스 一
18 2 .
- 36 4 N
t
'
1 0 05
F = F t ı ta n a = 3 64 x ta n 2 0
°
13 2 5 N
,1 .
T h e s h a ft is s u b je c te d to b e n d in in th e v e r tic a l
in th e
g p la n e d u e to
h o r iz o n ta l p la n e d u e to P an d
tľ
BM 8 x '1 1 32 5 X 0 1
v
=
r1
=
.
= 13 2 5 N m
BM F X '1 364
H
=
t1
= X 0 1 = 36 4 N m
BM
R
- VBM Ł+ BM À l (13 2 5 )2 + (36 4 )2 3 8 T 4 N m
=
.
ww Te =
V B + T
16 × 4 2 8 × 10
= ìl8 7 4 )2 + (1 8 9
3
42 8 N =
m
w dl =
S
18 17
[r ] ,
m .Ea
M = 20 m m
5 40
D ?s ig n
e
o f s h a ft 2
R e fe r to F i 5 2 1
h a v e , P - 36 4 N
g
P
syE .
1
t2 ,
P t3 = 1 0 9 2 8 N
r2
-
an d F
13 2 5 N
,3
- 397 75 N ngi
BM
R
B M
- VBM
+ B M
l60 7 2 )2 +
Å Ł nee
(3 0 9 3 )2
rin
-
R . 6 8 14 N m
T VBM
-
Å- T l (6 8 1 4 2
g.n
. =
) + (5 4 6 1 )2 - 87 32 N m
. [r ]
Ĵr d
16 X 8 7 3 2
ŝ
X 10 3
e t
Æ d 5 40, d2 22 36 n u n
= 25 n ım

6 .
M U LTı
SPE ED G EAR BO X
cu ttin g an d fe e d r a te in m a c h in e to o ls , d is c r e te
spe e ds a r e in g e o m e tr ic s e r ie s
z 1
Be o m e tr ic p r o g r e s s io n ,
th e n n
z
/n l
- ￠ , ￠ is
A lyp k g e a r b o x is s h o w n in F ig u r e 6 1
ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
F ıG 6 1
d le
g.n
z -
=
N
Ħ
um be r
P2 P3 = 3 3 2
o f sp e e ds
= 18
C h a r a c te r la d c (X ) In a s ta g e th e r e
a va c a t th e
ila b ı
a re y s\
s p in
e d s te p s N l-
N 2,
e N
y
th e n t
X is k n o w ı a s th e c h a r a
ı a e r is tic o f a s ta g e o r gro u p
63 、 S tıu c 自虐r ııF 四门园圃心田
P ı(X r) P 2 (X 2 ) P 3 (X 3 ) P 4 ( 4 )
Z - X
w he r e X ı= 1 , X 2 = P t X 3 = P ıh X 4
=
P l
'
&\ Prı b t ıin jpd m d e s lg ıı 6 2 )

e s to b e ı o
ı
ıd pı o o uu»
T o a m id e x c e s s iv e ly 1\ d ia m e te r o f th e w h e e l a ııd a ls o to lim it th e
thın 3 be 4 (3 ) It is p r e fe r a b le 1o h a w
, tho in cxce p tio ııa l c a s e s it m a y
a
i\ > a iııa ll s t a s
e 》c e
p t in th e ó r s t 熨 \ ( 63 ) an d

￠ ı
ta
< 2
h put
ı
n 4
fn p u t
ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi H o rla o h to ı
OR
nee
rin
g.n
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一
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e t
o
rı G 1
・
(4 ) T h e t= ııısı自issio 砬 r ıtio b 嘤w e 自砬 th e sp in d le ar d 吐出 s h a lt
it s h o u ıd b e th e ııııū￠iııııu a p o ssib ı
e i\ s p e e d 0
.・ 0 s h o u ld b e
￠b ūo w lo r ıll
h g z a a d ı4
lr Ř is n ot p o
ko e p h .
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.
OR
ıı
n pı a
ı
ı
ıi*

6 3
m
ke e p _
n N
in p u t n
ı in
ke e p
.
B u t, n eve r
n
m ax M
n j n
n pu t m in
n
in p u t
ww
w .Ea G 6 4
Fı a G
F ı 6 4 b
63 Kı tic A
syE d R a y D ia g r a
ngi
n em a rT a n gem en t a n m
E x a n ıp ı
e 1
nee
1 2 s p e e d g e a r b o x T h e s p e e d s a v a ila b le a t th e s p in d le a r e 3 1 5 , 4 5 , 6 3
90 , 12 5 , 18 0 , 2 5 0 , 3 55 , 50 0 , 7 1 0 , 1 0 0 0 a i ıd 1 4 1 0 r p n ı T h e s tr u c tu r a l fo r m u la is
T h e k in e n ıa tic a r r a n g e m e n t is s h o w n
rin
in P ig u r e 6 5 T w o s p e e d s a r e
a v a ila b le in th e fir s t s ta g e , th r e e iıı th e s e c o n
g.n
d s ta g e a iıd tw o in th e la s t s t\
e t
F ıG 6 5 N E M A T IC
Kı A R RA NGEM ENT 12 S P E E D G EA R BOX "
R ay s p a d D ia g r a m s e r v e s to d e te m ıin e th e s p e c ific v a lu e s o f a ll th e
tr a n s m is s io n r a tio s a n d s p e e d s o f a ll th c s h a fts in th e d ı* e

6 4
ww
w .Ea
syEF ıG 6 6 o
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
n
e m o ×
= 〈 2
t
n
lp 35 5
>
"
=
g Į
ip
R a t io re q u ire m e n ts
o rp s a tis f ie d

\
t #
6 5
lin e s D r a w
T h e r e a r e 1 2 o u tp u t s p e e d s D r a w 12 h o r iz o n ta l e q u id is ta n t
tic a ıe q u
id is ta n t lin e s to r e p r e s e n t s h a fts M a r k th e s p e e d s o n th e
,
4 v e r
F i 6 6 a ) R e fe r to th e s tr u c tu r a l fo r m u la
ho riz o n ta l lin e s ( g
1 s t s ta g e 2n d s ta ge 3rd s ta ge
6 2
g e t h e r e a r e tw o ș p e e d s , b e tw e e n th e m 6 s te p s ï n 2 ( ).
In th e 3 r d s ta
e n ts th e
ts th e n u m b e r o s p e e d s a v a ifa b le in a s ta g e , a n d (6 ) r e p r tehs e lo w e s t
se n
f
r e p re
o r ın te r v a ls b e tw e e n th o s e tw o s p e e d s L o c a te a p o in t A o n
s te p s
3 d sha ft th e / n in u t ś 2 d
q u ir e m th a t
m e e tın an
on th e , g re e n ts n
m ax p
o " inpu t Z 1 / 4
m ın
T h e b e s t in p u t s p e e d is 12 5 r p m t p o in t C
ww W e ge t
n
n
m ax
一
25 0
12 5
_ 2 an d
,
a
w n
n
m
in p u t
in u t
in
=
3Ų
.Ea
12 5
p
1/ 4 T h e a bo ve
,
co n
į
d itio n s w ill n o t be m e t if w e c ho o se
any o
Fo r
in p u t s p e e d
th e r
in s ta n c e , if 6 3
syE
rp m is
8
ta k e n as th e in p u t s p e e d ,
/ n i u T - 2 5 0 6 > 2 a n d it is n o t a c c e p ta b le If 1 8 o r p m is ta k e n a s th e
ngi
n . p
. .
in p u t s p e e d n m in " in p u t - 3 1 5 / 1 8 0 < 1 / 4 w h ic h is a ls o n o t s a tis fa c to r y
In th e s e c o n d s ta g e th e r e a r e 3 s p e e d s L o w e s t s p e e d is a t C , a lr e a d y
lo c a te d T h e s p e e d s s h o u ld h a v e in te r v a ls b e tw e e n th e m 2 T h e r e fo r e lo c a te
h f
p o in ts D & E o n t e 3 r d s a t, a o v e p o
h b nee
in t C in s te p s o f tw o in t e r v a ls F o r
rin
,
th e s e th r e e o u tp u t s p e e d s (1 2 5 , 2 5 0 & 50 0 r p m ) in t e s e c o n
h d s ta g e , in p u t
s h o u ld b e fr o m s t a g e 1 , i e , fr o m s h a ft 2 L o c a te a n y p o in t o n s h a ft 2 m e e tin g
th e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f s p e e d r a tio
th e n n /n -
If 12 5 r p m is ta k e n a s th e in p u t fo r th is s ta g e
5 0 0 / 1 2 5 > 2 a n d th is is n o t s a tis fa c to r y g.n
e
m ax in p u t ,
a r e th e s a tis fa c to r y in p u t p o in ts
n
m m
/n
3 55
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in p u t
an
-
d 50 0
35 5 rp m
125 / 355 > 1 4

/
as
rp m
h ıp u t, °
m aJ l n in p u t = 500/ 35 5 < 2 an d
t
W ith 5 0 0 rp m asin p u t p o in t, w e g e t,
n / n
in p u t
- 50 0 / 50 0 = 1 < 2 , a n d
m ax
" 12 5 / 5 0 0 = 1/ 4
n
m ın input =
4
W e lo c a te F a t 355 rp m in th e se c o n d s h a ft
d a t C g iv e s tw o o u tp u t s p e e d s a t A a n d
B .I Kik
s t-
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u t s p e e d at D s f i u ı
te d o n th e į in d ı
p e (s h a ft 4 ) b y d r a w in g lin e s fr o m D i, p a r a lle ıto C A a r d
CB ı in e s fr o m E , p a r a lle l to
n pu t s e ed a t E
C Ą ani c B
p g iv e s tw o o u tp u t s p e e d s , a ııd ı
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司
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p 8 e s 6 6 to 6 1 1
Exa ı
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e 5
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3 18 SP E E D
EX A M PL E G EA R eox
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A R R H * o o ıO ￠r U
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F lıd o « w b e & er i p ıe ıd rr d io l Jo 6
1 12 c olae ve ry c ło l e to ı 그&
Č m
l J06 × 1 J06
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L 0 6 x ı0 6 e 13 4
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C h e c k R 10 s e r ie s
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If w e ho d c hosen A
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s p e e d s 10 0 , 1 0 0 × 1 2 5 3 , 10 0 × 1 2 5 3 . 1 2 00 r p m
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e 10
30 10 0 0 W 9 sw
9 1
10 0 0 / 3 0 =
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W r ite 1 12 × (1 12 X 1 1 2 X 1 U ) = 1 57
s k ip 3 s p e e d s
T ry R 2 0 s e r ie s s k ip p in g th r e e s w
3 1 5, 12 5 , 2 00 , 3 6 , m 8 00 an d 12 50
T h is is n o t s a t is fa c to r y
T re a t ı5 5 a a M a « d r a tio an d c am a te th e «p e e ds as 3 0,
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Exsm pı
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9 s p e b e tw qe e łı56 a n d 9 0 0 W
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s k ip 2 sp e e d s
T ry R 2 0 s e r ie s s kip p in g 2 s p e e d s
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Pro bı
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D ra w th c k in e m a tic a r r a q g e n ı«n t an d ray d i\ am o f a s ix s e e

p d Be ar
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6 1
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× 1 12
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ie c r e a s c tı
ı
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h n ıım b e r s is o b ta in e d
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m b et , in th is c a se ,
by 4 )
th e w h e e ls h a v e b e c o m e la r g E r , sm a lle r m o d u le fo r th is s ta g e
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自写明妇■ 自马
A g e a r b o x is to b e d e s ir ed w id b «b e fo llo w in g spe c ific a tio n s
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6 16
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Tre a te d o s a n
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ĦG 6 18 RAY D IA G R A M 18 S P E E D S 1 ZS
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6 17
芝糠燕燕 \ 定「
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S tıs e 3
M a x im u n ı r c d u c tio ıı is c o n s id e r e d
lr t P ılr
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ta k e z - 2 10 , z - 10 0
N 80
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ı
Zn d P ılr (a p e e d re d u c tio n )
b 63
ww
z
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Z
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=
=
29 09
12 0
=
29
29
= 91 rin
S tıa e 2
g.n
lıt P b lr
z
Z6
.
N 6
N5
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= o J6 4 (M
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a x iın ı
ın ı r e
3 1 24
du a
=
io
31
n ) e t
A ssı
ım c zį - 20 , p - =
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r
Z7 12 5
1 1 4
= 三二 = l , 7 ,7 ◆ Z 8 =
ち下
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zo 12 5
Z rl = 2 5, fs = 26
3n ıP b lr (s p e e d ı
a cm ıe )
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M Z lo = 5 1. Z o = 29 = J ı
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z lo =
z
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6 18 ,
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d b y th e m e « h in R o r 11 an u 12
ı o b tu in c
ı
L o w o a t 甲\ d IO r p m
,
l 16 r p m
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2
ı
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N ow u øe tb c fo rm u ı
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6 19
2 1 7 58 0 0 / (m X 10 0 0 )
m .
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3 17 5 8
m .
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- 10 0 , fo r 4 0 N i2 C r 1 M o 28
m = 56 m m
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_
r o 15
= 6 m m (s ta n da rd) = 3 0 , fo r C 45
b = 10 m = 10 × 6 = 60 m m
tr e d is ta n c e in
al - cen s ta ge 1
- 300 m m
2 2
a2 -
(z 5 + z 6 ) (m / 2 ) =
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(z 1 1 + Z 1 2 ) (m / 2 ) =
(2 0 + 1 0 0 )6 / 2 - 360 m m
ww
L e n g th o
D is ta n
f s h a fts (F ig 6 2 0 )
c e b e tw e e n th e g e a r a n d
g e a r b o x w a ll is to b e a b o u t 1 0 n ım
le n g th
w
D is ta n c e e
r e q
b
u
t
ir
w
e
7b r e s p e c tiv e ly
e
m
e
e
n
n
(
t
h
f
e
o r
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2
ja c e n t g r o u p s o f g e a r s is to b e a b o u t 2 0 m m T o ta l
p a ir s
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g r o u p a n d 3 p a ir s g r o u p a r e to b e 4 b a n d
T hu
L =
s th e
30 +
le n g th
10 + syEo f th e
4b +
sha ft is
20 + 7b +
o b ta in e d
20 +
a s
7b + 10 + 30
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(F ir s t 3 0
= 60
an
n u ıı, w e
d la s t 3 0
ge t L
m m
=
ngi
a re
12 0 0
fo
m m
r b e a r in g s )
S p in d ı
e D
A s s u n ıe
e s ig n
th e g e a is c e n tr a lly p la c e d
r nee
so th a t a M g h e r b e n d in g m o m e n t
is o b ta in e d fo
20
r s a fe r
°
F
d e s ig n (F ig 6 2 1 )
(1 7 5 8 0 0 / m y 20° (N l g e a r fo r c e )rin
g.n
a - - co s o rm a
, .
- 1 7 5 8 0 0 / (6 X 0 9396) = 3 1 18 3 N
B en d in g n ıo m e n t du e to P
BM
n
=
=
F
n
L /4
(3 1 1 8 3 × 12004 =
e
93 55 0 4 5 N m m
G « ır 12 Fh = Ft /Co s O Lr
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3
T o rqu e o n th e s p in d le T 1 2 - 8790 × 10 N n ım
T .
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园
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N l
6 20
3
= 1 2 8 3 6 7 x 10 N m m
W . [I T T a ke [r ] = 40 N / n ım
2
fo r c a se h a r d e n e d a llo y
s te e l (T a b le 5 1 )
,
n d
3
1 6 X 1 2 83 6 7 × 10
5 40
JÍ ￠
s e r ie s . C h e c k th e a v a ila b ility f b e a r in
d s = 1 1 7 8 s = 1 18 m m (R 40 o
ßto
s u it th is dia m e te r )
O R
U se 4 0 N i2 C r 1 M o 2 8 (h a r d e n e d an d te m p e r e d )
2
W ith th is m a te r ia l T [] = 55 N / m m a n d d s is o b ta in e d as 10 6 m m
ww
es ı
sp
U
o f o tlıe r
se th e fo
sha
r m u la
fts
T = 0 2 d [T ] (6 2)
w w he re T
[T ]
=
.Ea
=
=
to r q u e in N m
d ia ıııe te r
p e r m is s ib le
o f th e sha
s h e a r s tr e s s
ft in m m
in N / m m
2
o
T o a c c o u n t fo r b e n d in g a n d
f p e r m is s ib le s tr e s s e s a r e u s e d syE a ls o to p r o v id e s u ffic ie n t r ig id ity , lo w v a lu e
, +t
F o r C 4 5 , [T ] = 1 2 N / n u ıı2
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T ry w ith 4 0 0 B H N n ıa te ń a l, to h a v e g r e a te r s u r fa c e s tr e n g th
K - 2 5 5 3 k N / m 2 fr o m T a b le 7 5
R e c a lc u la te F
w
Fw = 0 12 x 1 82 X 2 5530 00 × 0 048 = 26763 6 N
N o w F w > F T he w ear ca p a c ity is a d e q u a te T he d e s ig n is
, d
s a tis fa c to r
y
Poblem 72
i t b e d e s ig n e d to tr a ııs ın it 1 8 3 k w th e
A tw g e r e v e r te d d r iv e s o
o s ta
in p u t s p e e d b e in g 9 6 0 r p n ı a n d th e o v e r a ll r e d u c tio n r a tio b e in g 9 T h e d r iv e
c o n s is ts h f
o f s tr a ig h t to o th e d s p u r g e a r s t h e s a t s a r e
2 0 0 m m a p a r t a ll
g e a r s m e o f a llo y s te e l

7 7
.
ww F lG 7 1
C
wa ı
T h e in p u t
cu ı o n o f M
a lı
.Eaa n «l o u
o d u le
tp u t s h a fts a r e c o a x ia l in a r e v e r te d d r iv e
S in
c a lc u la te th e m o
C
ce
o n s id e r
syE
c e n tr e d is ta n
d u le
th e fir s t p a ir
ce is g iv e n th e re is n o n e e d to e q u a te F t to F D to
B
(z 1 + 2 )m
2
2 00
ngi
nee
= a = m m A ss u m e z - 2o
2 l
z
2
= iz r - 3 x 20 4 0
Po r t
. 2 00 , m = 5 m m
d p a ir , z3 - 2 0 a n d n - 6 0 In th e fir s t a ir e a r 1 is thc
se c o n rin
p in io n In th e s e c o n d p a 】r g e a r 3 is th e
p g
p in io n G e a r 3 tr a n s m its g r e a te f to r que
th a n g e a r 1 , b e c a u s e o f its lo w e r s e e d H e n c e
p g e a r 3 is s u b je c te d to a gr e a ter
g.n
ta n g c n tia l fo r c e B u t g e a r 1 h a s r e a te r itc h li
g r e a te r d y n m i l
c o a d
D e s ig n o f th e fır a t s ta e
g
, g p n e v e lo c ity a n d th e r e fo r e has
l ￠v ır J īJ v
e " 】'
J 3ł
tļ t
D e s ig n o f G e a r 1
Caı cu ı a tı
oı ıo f F ¡ V T ŹĴ r y iŔr , ・ I T
￠ tţ ı3 T l t
-
(k w x ]0 00 x k . Y V
-
(18 3 × 10 0 0 X 1 5 5 02
= 54 6 8 N
C a lc u h tio n o fF
吕B
F sB -
ĺ o b jn m b y 2 steel
3 50
[o b ] = 3 5 0 N / ın m fo r a llo y
◆ x ĵr x 5 X 48 × 0 10 8 harde n e d
= 2 8 5 00 N
b . 3p = 3n n ı= 3 Jr x 5 = 4 8
c

h :
c ır
2 1 V (b « + P , )
'
+ F
Fd -
2 】V + r + ı t Rrn r ih a»hu m e d In b ￠ 0 0 2 5 m m fo r
m e d iu m c ı a » * g e a r lt
C = 2 8 5 (X X ) N T m lm m T a b le 7 4
b y i!ı!c r ıu la tio n R e f »r v i
? ( l c u u»
p r o l» ı
c tń )
2 1 × 5 0 2 10 0 4 8 × 2 8 % X X ) + 5 44 *
Fd = )
21 × 5 02 + V J T W 20004 '
R + 5 4 11 8 ,
= 72 0 7 N
io n r W ea r lA ta d
C a lc tıla t
￠ı
= d o K h
w . "
? '
V ı" 2)
- 0 1 X ı5 × 2 5 5 京周日 × 0 04 8
.
(2 × 60 1 (2 0 io )
+ ￠ 15
ww
-
= 18 3 8 1 6 N K 2553 kN / m 2
- fo r 40 0 B H N
2
- 2 5 5 3 (X X ) N / (T a b le 7 5)
w
m
d 20 × 5 10 0 0 ]m
.Ea
=
l = m m =
b - 0 0 48 m
W fin d
syE
e
F sB > Pd an d Fw > Fd a iıd h e n c e ıh c Č s is n il sa tis fa c to r y
D ııls p o l th e
( ic a r 3 iı th c p in io
w o n d ıta =e
n fo r th c s e c o n d ngi
a t\ W c c a lc u la te P t, & Pw fo r
ec a r 3
kw × 'o
V
x 10 0 0
nee
1 83 × 15 × 10 0 0
16 3 8 3 N V rin 1 6 7 th /
g.n
- .
3
- . . S
1 67 3
21 V lb c + F ,I
Fd =
2l v
21 ×
+
1 6 7 [0 0 4 8 × 2 8 5 0 0 0 +
+ F,
16 3 8 3 ]
e t
2 8 50 0 N (& a m th a i fo 1)
Fs
a
-
lob ï m b y . c as r ge ar
Fd < FsB S a tis fa c to r y
Fw a d IO K B = 38 1 6 N
ı1ł ( a ł tb a t fo r gw 1)
Fw > Fd S a tis fa c t o r y
Pin b ı
eıı7 3
ı
ił2 2 k w al 9 00 rp m S pe e d r e d i6
D cs is n a ge a r d r iv e to tr a ııs m
ŁS T h c c
e n tr e d is ta n c e b e tw e e n tb e s a
b fts is 3 5 0 m m T h c m a te r ia la fo r tb c
P in io n a r d tb c w b e e ıa r c c a « t ıte e l a r d c u t ir o n r c ıp e a iw ly P r e s s w c a n g le ,
2
￠ » æ i 8 4 N /m iıı a r d th c s ıłr fa c c
T lłc d e s ig p s t r e s s k )r th e p in io o ıııa tc r i* l s
2 m d l自由鳥 o f e la a tic it o f th c
ca d u
r * n e c li it t
m ı o r t h c g f a r p ıir s
i 6 o 0 N m ın i y ,
$
i ı× 10 N / m n ?
Piıio * a ıa tc ń ıi N ıım ı i n d th a o f B e ır l
2
* s 2 × t

79
m io n a n d g e a r ha ve
ı s a r e u s e d fu r p
Since lw \\ u in c r:c n t m a te r ia ı ,
w e
.
tn
e le m e n t
e v a lu a te lt ' \ y ı
\, , l \n d \t rı
,]
t lin d o u t th e w e a k e r
z y2 o
A M um e z
ı
- 20
I = iz ı= 25 × 20 - 50
ı
Fo rm fa ç to r s ıin c d
a r e o lltł ftJ r a - 20 °
9 12 / 20 ) = 0 10 8 4
y ı = 0 15 4 -
(0 ) 12 l z v
t 翩 0 15 4 (0
0 15 4 (0 9 12 / 5 0 ) = 0 13 5 7
ya - U 15 4 k ) u lı/ l 2 ) =
2
56 N / m (fr o m T b le 7 1)
(B iv c n ) a n d lo b jz
a m a
l b l\
-
a - 84 N /m m
N o w .
lQ b lly l - 84 × 0 10 8 4 - 9 1
la b ]2 y - 5b X 0 1 35 7
,
= 7 59
ie th c g e a r is ke r an d w e d e s ig n th
w c fin d o b l yi
ı a
< lc'b ı
ly t , ,
w ea
e
留e a r 心曲ı
ww
v
d u le is c a lc u la te d u s in g th e r e la tio n
2 .
S in c e th c ce n tr e d is ta n c e is g iv e n ,
m o
,
w a (7 l-
3 5 0 = (2 0
m = 1U
+
m m
I 2 l ıł/ 2
.Ea
+ 5 0 ) n ı/ 2
ı c a ı a tı
çu ı oııo
kw x
syE
f Ft
10 0 0 X
Fı =
V
ngi a l
V =
= z m
l
= z u
(Jr d l n i Y (6 0 X 10 0 0 )
A ıu = L u u m m
22 × 1(X X )
9 425
x ı2 5
nee -
(1r X 2 0 0 × 9 0 0 ( 6 0 ×
9 4 25 m / se c
1 0 00 )
29 17 8 N
rin
-
=
k = 1 25 (a s s u m e d)
o
*
F sB
C a lc u la
-
tı
on
lo b lz ĵ r m
o f FSB
b yz g.n
=
=
56
2 3 0 3 ıN
X Æ X 10 x 10 0 × 0 0 5 7 b = 10 m =
e
10 × 10 = 10 0 m n ı
t
5 C a lc u la 回心ıı o f F 卤
a
21 V (b c + F ,)
Fd -
21 V + V bc + F
+ Ft
t
21 × 9 4 2 5 × 3 4 7 60 0 + 291
=
+ 2 9 17 8
21 × 9 4 2 5 + 1 0 1 × 3 4 7 60 0 + g
F o r n ıe d iu m c la s s s e a r e rr o r e - 0
,
(fo r e rr o r (fo r c rro r
0 04 tm ı ) 0 004 tm ı)
= 2 19 0 2 N

7 10
P SB > Fd
T b e te e th h a v e a de q u a te be am rength
Cak uı a t io łı o f F w
6
Fw = d 10K b P in io n d e t e r d , is u se d
0 2 × 1 4 2 11 3 X
=
eve n th o u gh w h e e l is Č s i\ e d
3
13 2 0 × ]0 × 0 1 dl = 0 2 m
= 3 7 ,7 1 5 N b - 0 1 m
2 × 50
Fw > Fd Q = _ _ 1 4 28 6
+ Z
l
50 + 20
ww
T h e d e s i\
a g a iııs t b o th
is sa
to o th
tis fa a o ry
b re a ka ge
w
a ï ıd w e a r
.Ea
syE
Pŕ o b ı
em 7A ngi
ge a r a t
A
th e
m ic a r ta p in io n
s p e e d o f 19 2
ro
rp m D e s ig n th e Č iv e
nee
ta tin g a t 1 2 0 0 r p n ı t r a n s rııits 1 1 k w to a c a st ir o n
M ic a r ta p in io n is w e a ke r th a n th e C I ge ar 7 7 ıe r e fo
rin
re ,
w e d e s ig n th e
p in io n
A
o n ly
ssu m e z
l
- 20 g.n
Z2
i
-
=
iz l
1 2 0 0 / 19 2
= 6 25 ×
= 6 25
20 = 12 5
e t
1 M o d ııle C a ı
c u la t io n
kw × 1 0 00 × ko
' = m a o =
o
'
t
V
d ln
1 1 x 10 0 0 × 1 25
Jr
l rr ı2 0 q ) 12 0 0
. V = _
10 0 0 x 6 0 10 0 0 × 6 0
1 2 566 4 m
1 2 56 6 4 m m /s
= 10 5 0 4 / m N -
F T ke b 1 0 lr? t
[a b lq a =
D B - rr m by
= 40 × 0 4 x ĵr x m X 10 m X 0 10 84
2
5 Jł4 8 8 2 [o b ] = 4 0 N / ın ııı fo r n o n
-
m N
ın e t a u ic m a te r ia l fr o m
T a b le 7 1
(E q n 7 9 )
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rp r
? Iı
A S S \ _
x (tw
ı5
=
t0 \ ı+ 4 1) + t) \ . Tı4.
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W e F
D B ïe
F .
8 4 88 _ ıo lu ą n
n ı = 2 68 = 3 a u n ı
n c ıa ıi c g e ır s « ne » D t m H ìc d m ıd e r & rc M q gh a m
'
a ti\ \ n
s e qu W ￠
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ww Fd =
Cï
w b en e q Ė c ıh * æ d fo r th c a c tu a l Ņ e lo c ity
w V
q
て
=
L 2 56 6 n ı =
.)Ea (55 ) .
1 2 56 6 × 3
=
ï
= 3 7S ?
7ś
+
s
0 25 = 0 40 8
F. =
1050 4
_
syE 1o s a 4
_ 3 10 J 4 N
'
d
ı
q
3 X 4
0 408 ngi -
(L X L Ł n
3
F
目回国匡呂臼出国國た
sn
=
lo b þM i
n
n b = 10 m eer = 10 x 3 = 30 n u ıı
W
=
e
40
W
x Æ
F
x
sB
3
i>
4 0
FĐ a n
×
d hen
0 11 ı
84
c e
= 127 5
t o o th w
98 N
ill n o t
i
fa il b y facture ng.
4 «
Fw
W
=
d Ļ Q
e a r ï m d
Q = 2 z z/ (z
2 + z
l)
net
-
(2 X 1 2 5 (1 2 5 + 20) 1 724
K 2
= 14 0 0 k N / n ı
2
-
4 0 0 0 00 N / m ,
fr o m T a b le 7 5
W m th a t Fw
e >
%
Th e \ i￡ s a fe a g a i]a s t frætıre a ııd w e a r fa ih ır e s
73 D e r ip a t H eı
ic a l G ea r s
W h en he ł
ic a l g e a r s n ıe is g r a d u a l a n d th e lo a d is
e n g\ n ıe ııt
P r a c r o s s th e e
śp ig 7 2 l T h e a v e r a e to o th lc v c f
to o t h fa c
g
h ly T 5 % f th e to o tlı h e ig h t (th is d e e d io
p n s o n th e h e lix a n g le )
a ra ı ro ıg o
e í he m
g e a r s , le v e r a n ıl is carly
c aw o w h e r e a s in tlıe c a s e o f s m
p

7 12
fu ll to o th h e ig h t H e n c e , h e lic a l
a l to ge a rs are s tr o n g e r th a n e q u iv a le n t
ť q ti
sp uf g
e a rs j:
a rm )
(a ) S P U R G E A R T O O T H
ww
R e
w .Ea
h
syE (b ) H E L JC A L G E A R T O O T H
NG
LO A D ı OF SPUR AN D H E L IC A L
ngi
F ıG 7 2 TO O T H
GEA R S
B e a n ı s tr e n g th = F sB -
[o b ]m ?ı
.
By nee
'
fo r m
m
.
-
fa c to r c a lc u la te d fo
M o d u le in
rin
(h e
r v ir tu a
n o r n ıa
l
l p la r e
g.n
'
y _
n u m b e r o f te e th
Face w id th b = 2 P n to 4 p n
pn
v e lo c
- n o r ın a
ity fa c to
l c ir c u la r p itc h e t
s tr e n g th in c lu d in g
r
B e a ın
FD B -
[o b ]C n m
.
By'
v
liï ıe v e lo c ity u p to 5 m /s
Cy = fo r p itc h
+ V
6 v e lo c ity 5 to 1 0 m /s
= fo r p itc h liï ıe
6 + V
15 ity 1 0 to 2 0 m /s
lin e v e lo c
fo r p itc h
15 + V
p itc h
) + w
21 V (C b c y ￡ P
D yn ic
an ı lo a d =
Fd - F, +
21 V +
V co s Ť￠+ F,
d 1b Q K
W e ar lo a d = Fw -
2
p
co s
P
\
彆
°
7 ß .
Q is b a s e d on th e a c tu a ln m be r o f te e t
h
\ P ro bı
em 7 5
(7 2 5)
A h e lic a l c a s t s te e l e a r w ith 3 0 ° h e lix h a s to tr a n s m it 3 3 1
g 2 kw a t
rp m T h e g e a r h a s 2 4 te e th D e s i n th e e a r fo r 2 0 ° F D te e th S 1500
g g ta tic s tr e
s s fo
r
1 D e te r m in a tio n o fM o d u le
C a lc u la tio n o fT a n g e n tia l L oa ￠F t
kw x 10 0 0 × k
o
F
t
=
V
k. - 1 25 (a s s u m e d)
ww d ,1 -
\
co s p
n
.
co s
24 m
30°
n
- 2 7 7 12 m
n
m m
w =
J
1 9 0 2 1/ m
ıa
.Ea
X
2 1 76
10 0 0 X 1 2 5
N
m
n
V =
7r X
60 ×
1
2 7 7 12
10 0 0
1
m
n
X 1 5 00
syE
◆
"
° - 2 17 6 m m ls
C ı
60 × 10 0 0 n
a c u la tio n of F
D B
FD B [o b ]q By '
F o r h e lic a l g e a r s ,
ngi
- n m
.
- ł rn r l i . ı nee + v
0 9 12
0 + 20
rin
'
y . O 15 4
Z
cq
b
-
3p
0 0 4
3n
(0 9 1 2 / 3 7 ) =
g.n 0 12 9
e
= = m
n n
FD B = 56 X 0 4 286 X Jr m
n
X 3n
Z
cq
m
-
=
z
X
ł
2 4 / c o s 3 30 °
0 12 9
co s
= 91 67
= 37
m N
t
n
F , is e q u a te d to F D B to s o lv e fo r m
n
19 0 2 1
9 1 67 5 92
m
-
m ,
/n
.
- = 6 m m (s ta lıd a r d )
n
z C c u la
a ı tio n o f b , d V a n d Ft
..
b = 3 tr m = 3 tr x ó = 56 52 m m
n
g ı= 2 7 7 1 2 ln
n
- 2 7 7 12 X 6 = 1 66 28 m m
V = 2 17 6 m = 2 17 6 × 6 = 13 0 5 m /s
n

7 14
tio n o f F sB
cuı
Caı a
3 By
[ob 56 X
'
F sB - ı? ī
.
_
n X 6 X 5 6 5 2 X O 12 9 = 7 692 38 N
la tio n o f D yn a m ic ıro a d
Caı
cıı
2
21 V (C b co s p + F
, )co s p
Fd = Ft '
. /c b 2
A s s u n ıe p r e c is io n ge a rs
21 V + c o 5 p + F
t
E x p e c te d e r r o r - m m 0 0 15
F r o n ı T a b le 7 4 fo r s te e l a n d
,
s te e Ļ w e o b ta in
C = 1 7 1 k N / ın , b y in te r p o la tio n
1 3 0 5 1 (1 7 1 0 0 0 × 0 0 5 6 5 x
园2 1 ×
co s
2
3 0 ° + 3 17 0 16 ) c o s 30°
3 17 0 1 6 +
13 0 5 ) + l 17 10 0 0 X 0 0 5 6 5
-
(2 1 X x co s
2
3 0 ° + 3 1 7 0 16
97 4 2 9 N
to. ļ
W
um
ww e fin ￠Fd > F sB D e s ig n is n o t s a tis fa c to ry W e in c re a se th e m o d u le
7iaı2
m
b
w =
3n
8
m
m m
3 rr .Ea
X 8 75 4
syE
= = = m m
n
dl = 27 7 12 m
n
= 2 7 7 12 × 8 = 22 1 696 m n ı
V 2 17 6 2 176 × 8 17 4 1 /s
ngi
= m - = m
Ft = 1 9 0 2 1/ m = 19 0 2 1 / 8 = 23 7 7 6 N
n
F sB [a b þr m By 56 8
nee
'
-
.
_ X Jr x × T5 4 × 0 12 9 = 13 6 8 2 7 N
2
21 V (C b co s P + F ,) c o s p
Pd = F o r M
e rro r
n
is 0 0 2 m m
- 8 m
rin n ı, e x i»e c
an d
te d
c o rre
2
s p o n d in g C
g.n = 228 kN / m
=
23 0
12 2 6 1 8 6 N
6 +
21
(2 1
x 1 7 4 1 12 2 8 0 0 0 × 0 0 7 5 4 X
× 17 4 1 ) + l 2 28000 × 0 0 7 54
co s 30° + 2 3 7 7 6]c o
X co s
2
30° + 237 7 6 e s 30°
t
N o w Fd < FsB T h e d e s ig n is sa tis fa c to r y , a s fa r a s be am s tr e n g th is
to n c e m e d
S C a lc u la tio n o f w ea r ı
o a ￠ ħ«
d 1Q K b
R
« =
i = 3
z
co s p Z - iz r = 3 × 24 = 72
2
Q = = _ 1 5
Z 2 1 z
ı /￡ T Å ıł
2
K = 9 19 k N / m
COCS23
3 0r72 4 N ı2 5 0 B H N fio n ıT a b le 7 5
fo r s te e

7 ı5
ffic ie n t w e a r s tr e n g th
w c fin d F w > F d , ic ,
th c gea r h as su
7 10
. .
D es *p o fB tw łG t ır s
(7 2b )
a itıc d fo r v ir tu a ln u m r o f te e th
b = 0 3R o r tO m
t
q = 5 5 / (5 5 + W ) fo t g e n e r a te d te e t h
21 V (b c + F , )
ww W Fd =
7 d b
F
2l v +
0 5 , 0 K
t
+
'
w W
W
eu
nc th e r w c
Fw
.Ea
=
d e s ig n th c p in io
co s ò ı
n o r th c w he e ļ w e use dr an d ò \ in th e
u l a
dr
ıo r fY v
Pc d - o syE
í th e b ig e n d o f th c p iııio n
ò,
Q
'
-
p itc h
is b a s e d
co n e
o n th e
an g le f th e p in io n
o
v ir tu a l (fo n n a tiv e ) n ngi m be r o f te e th
们冈创妇自 7 石
in
nee
lu te b e v e l g e a r s c o n n e c t s h a fts a t r ig b t an g es
rin
v o
G e a r ıs m a d e o f c a s t s te c ıh a v in g a llo w a b le s ta tic
i 100
p m ıo n is o f s te e l w ith a llo w a b le s ta t c s tr e s s
g.n
e as
th c p in io n tr a n s n ıits 3 6 8 k w a t 7 5 0 r p n ı D e s ig n tiı e d r iv e
z
lq
D e»
c os
m
Z
d
l
Òı
»
.
M m
co s
o r th e W
18 4 °
=
e a lte r
21
Eı
en ıt
ıe ı
e t
Z2 60
Z - ı7 u
2e q Ò2 7 1 6°
CO Ĺ CO S
0 9 12
y ı= 0 ı5 4 . 0 15 4 . 0 1 10 6
z
1c q
21
y2 = o 15 4
Z
2eq
_ 54
o ı \ - o 14 9 2
2 2
It is g iv c ıı th a t lo b h - 10 0 N / m n ı an d lo b ]2 - 70 N / m m
N o w w e v a lu a te ,
lo b ], y ı - 10 0 × 0 1 10 6 = 11 06, a iıd
[o b }z y 2 - To × 0 14 9 2 = 10 A 4
W e fu n d , [o b l2 y2 < [o b h yi
T he w h e e l is w e a ke r a n d w e h a v e [o d e s ig n th e w h e e l o n ly

ľ
R = 0 5 m
, ą+ = 0 5 n z
,
l 2 7
0 4 i 3 1 623
R /3
-
m , (E qn 3 10 )
b = = 3 1 6 23 m /3 _ 10 54
t m
l
.
P
FD B - TO * 0 711 X 1r m
,
x 10 5 4 x 0 14 9 2 *
,
m
wwF, -
kw × 100 0 x k
V
o
\ = 1 25 (a s s rırııe d )
w 36 8 × 10 0 0 X
0 6545
.Ea m .
1 25
d .
Av
= ı? ı Z
t 1
g z b
(T a b le 1 14 )
\ 1
= 7 0 28 1 / m
syE = m
,
x 20 ×
m
,
31 62
0 5
m
×
t
10 5 4 m .
= 16 6 7
ngi
Æd
m
la v n l
V
'
,
-
60
Jr x
nee × 10 00
16 6 7 m x 750
E q u a tin g F t o F
60 × 1000
t
rin
- 0 6545 m , m / s
7028 1
_
,
16 3 6 9 m
D B
t
l
g.n
e
m ,
ie
C a lc u la tio
,
m
,
-
n
7 54
o f b, V
m m
a n
=
d F
8 m
t
ııı s ta n( dard)
t
V
(E qn 7 30 )
E x p e c te d e r r o r fo r n ıe d iu m c la s s g e a r s
(w ith g e n e r a te d te e th ) 0 0 3 8 m n ı =
C = 4 3 3 2 k N /n ı
(b y in te r p o la tio n )
3
2 1 x 5 24 (0 0 8 4 3 2 × 4 33 2 X 10 + 8 7 8 5 B )
= 8 7 8 5 13 +
l 0 0 8 4 32 × 4 33 2 × 10 3 + 8 7 8 5 1 3
2 1 × 5 24 +
◆ 24 2 18 9 N

7 17
F -
[o b þt m by '
(R b y R = 2 /3
sB ,'
= 70 x lr . 8 18 . 0 14 9 2 x 2/ 3 = 14 7 5 5 2 3 N
d SB
T h e to o th do es n o t h a v e a d e q u a te b e a m s tr e n g th
T r ia ı2
A ssu mp r e c is io n g e a r s
e
E x p e c te d e r r o r 0 0 19 m m , -
a n d c o r r e s p o n d in g C 2 16 6 k N /m =
3
2 1 × 5 2 4 (0 0 8 4 3 2 X 2 1 6 6 X 1 0 + 8 7 8 5 1 3
F d - 8 7 8 5 13 + 2
2 1 × 5 2 4 + 0 0 8 4 3 2 × 2 1 6 6 × 10 + 8 7 8 5
3
3
-
= 19 1 0 7 N
ww T r ia l3
Fd > F sB T h is d e s ig n is a ls o n o t s a tis fa c to r y
w C h a n g e th e
dl
V
av
=
0 65 4 5
.Ea
16 6 7
m
m
o
t
d u le to 1 0
= 16 6 7 X
0 6545
m
10
m
=
a n d
16 6 7
u se
m
p r e c is io
m
n
(
ge a rs
syE
= m
t
= × 10 = 6 54 5 m / s
F = 7 028 1/ m = 7 0 2 8 1 / 10 = 7028 1 N
t t
b 10 54
ngi
=
m
t
= 1 0 5 4 × 10 = 10 5 4 m m
R = 3 1 623 m = 3 1 623 × 10 = 3 16 2 3 n u iı
t
E
C
rro r
=
=
2 5 0 8 k N lm
0 02 2 m m ,
fo r m
b y in te r p o la tio
t
=
nee
10
n
m m an d p r e c is io n ge a rs
Ps
B
=
[o b ìÆ m by '
(b ì rin
g.n
t
70 x 】r x 1 6× 10 ĺ 4 x 0 14 9 2 × 2 / 3 = 2 3 ,0 5 5 N
fd ー
ヘ十
2 1V
页 V 十ノ日亡十 P
(b c
21 ×
+ P
6 54 5
)
t
1054 x
t
2 50 8 × 10 3 + 7 0 2 8 1
e t
70 28 1 + )
(2 1 X 6 54 )+ l 0 i0 5 4 × 250 8 x i0 +
= 2 13 8 4 N
N o w w e fin d ,
Fd < FsB T h e d e s ig n is s a fe a g a in s t th e fa ilu re o f to o th b y fr a c tu re

5 C a lc u la t io n o fW ea r L oa d
0 7 5 d b Q 'K
t
Fw =
cO s 61 61 - 18 4 °
dl - b ig en d p c d o f th e p in io n
= z
l m t = 2 0 X 10 = 2 0 0 m m
2z
Q ı 2e q 2 × 19 0
_
_ _ 18
Z
2e q + Z 19 0 + 2 1
1e ・

W q 团团계
7 ı8 -
0 2 X O ı0 M × ı8 X 9 1 0 X 3 .
0 75 × 10 :
)
co s 18 4 ° = 2 74 5 7 4 N -
fm d F w > F T h c d e s ig n is s a fe .
a g a in s t w e a r
-
.
W d fa ilu
e re a ls \ì
11
rw l g e a r s a r e r e q u ir e d t
f hc
A p a ir o w u t r a n u ııit 1 1 k w
a t Ĵ Tx ) r p m fr o m
a lt to a n u t e r s h a ft Th c s p e e d r e d u c tio n b i
s h h
o to r e n g 3 l T h e s h a fts a r c
be m
ı T h e p in io n is tu h a v e 2 4 te e th f
ii at
°
C a lc u la te t h e p i n io n a n d e a r fu r c
o m o d u le 8 w it h .
p r e ss u r e
o f 20 g e s T a ke b - R '4
T h e b e w l g e a r s a r e o f a c u te a n g le
s in t)
ta ııô ,
-
by E qn 3 3
z / 1' + co s O
( 2 1 )
e _ 6Q P
Z l i- 3
2 z
ww
=
l
ò, = 13 9 °
w
:
62 e 61 60° 13 V 4 6 1°
.Ea
= = =
\ Fom es
F 1
r
- F ta n
(r a d ia l fo
a CO s
rc e syE
151
) k
.
- 1 (a s s u m e d)
(E qn 3 20 )
ngi W
d la v
= m
t
Z
1
nee
= 883 1 N _
8 × 24
_ 40 0rin m m
b = R /4
2 s in
=
13 9°
400/ 4 = g.n
10 0 m m
d la v
l
=
=
8
16 8
× 24
田田
400
e 0 5
400
× 10 0
t
兀 dl n
l
av
V =
60 × 10 0 0
Æ X 16 8 × 50 0
一 4 4 m / s
60 × 10 0 0
ı T
a = 20°
kw x 100 0 × k
o
F =
, V
11 × 10 0 0 × 1
= 2 50 0 N
4 4
F P ta ııq (E 3 2 1)
a 1
-
t s in 61 (a x ia l fo rc e ) qn
◆ 2 5 0 0 X ta n 20° X s in 13 9
°
_ 2 18 5 5 N

7 19
ıo r c e »
'
(k ar
20° X CO S 4 41 1° . 6 30 8 N
F r2 F ta n 62 2 50 0 x [a n
X ￡ 250 0
-
- a co s
X ta n 2 0
・
X s jn 4 6 】0 = 655 5 N
Fa2 - ,a n -
7 11 .
D e s ig n o fW orm a n d W h eel
īľ PumUmUlIlıU
m mU mU 4ı 1 .
il 2 2 k w a t w o r m d rc d u c e r to ¡
ra n sm
D e s ig n a w o rm ge a r spe e
sp e e
d
i i i 2 4 1 A ffi i n c y o f a tle a s t 81 i, is d e s ir
o e lo c ty r a o s
f 14 4 0 r p m V t n e c e e d Th
e
tc m p c r a tu r c r is c is to b c r e s tr ic te d to 4 0 C
°
D e te r m in e th e r e q u ir e d c o
is m a d e o f h a r d e n e d s te e l a n d g e a r o f p h o s ho
lg
o in
a re a a s s u m in g th a t w o r m
, p r
bro n z e
In w o r m e a r d r iv e s o n ly th e w h e e l is d e s ig n e d
g ,
be r í s Į a r ts in th e
ww 1 D e p e n d in g
d e c id e d fir s t
o n th e e ffic ie n c y re q u ir e m en t n u m o w o rm is
w .Ea
T h c fo llo w in g syE c h e c k is d o n e
2 N
85 > z > 25
o w a d ia m e te r fa c to r ngi (q fr o m 8 to 13 R e k r
nee
.
, can v a ry
to p a r a 1 6 , C h a p te r 4 )
q - d lm = 1 1 is a ss u m e d
rin
x
m = a x ia lm o d u le o f th c w o rm
x
ta n y
iC ,
-
ta n y
Z p / Jr d
a
-
,
Znmnd ,
pı -
d] -
a x ia l p itc h
g.n
p itc h c ir c le d ia m
o f th e w o rm
e te r
3 C
y
a ı
c u la
- ta n
tio n
'
=
o
Z
(Z / q )
fF
n m
x
/ )r q t? ı
=
tł
ta n
x
n s o n th e w h e e l
'
= Z /q
(3 / 1 1 ) , y - 15 2 5 °
o f th e w o r m
e t
ıa c
.
kw x 10 0 0 × k
F, -
o
V Ķo = 1 25 (a s s u m e d)
2 2 X 10 0 0 × 1 25
0 22 6 V .
P itc h lin e v e lo c ity f th e w he e l
/Ħ o
x
ĵ rd
-
(12 16 8 1/ M x ) N .
2n z W x (n łi)
,
60 × 10 0 0 60 × 10 0 0
Ĵr X 72 m X (1 4 4 0 / 2 /ł)
= .
m /s
4
. 0 226m .
C łı
ı cu ı
a tı
o n o fF 60 x O DO
ı
D B
FD -
[o b jc A m By '
B '
Fo t m
. y .
fa c to r fo r w o rm w bee l
= a w , n fr o ı
n T a b le 7 6

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b
b = 0 7 5 d l, (T a b le 4 6)
0 75 × 0 75 × 11 m = 8 25 ı? ı
=
qM x
=
x x
[o b ] = 80 N / m m
2
(a s s u m e d ) (T a b le 4 4 )
C = 3 / (3 + V ) fo r w o rm w h e c lti
.
V - 3 m ls is a ssu m e d fo a tir ıg
r c a lc u ı C v
ww 80 × 0 5 x Æ X ı? ı x 8 25 m x 0 12 5 = 1 2 9 59 m
FD
w
= x
B x
tio f M d u le
ıin a
.Ea
n o o
4q D e te m
E q u a tin g F D to F
B t'
1 2 9 59 m
9 86
2
x
=
10
syE
12 16 8 1
m
. (s t a n d a r d )
ngi
.
m =
x
5 C a lc u la t io n o f F sB
by
nee
'
F sB =
[abm X
80 X Æ X 1 0 × 8 2 5 X 0 12 5
2 59 18 N rin
g.n
=
6 c u la t io
Caı n o f D yn a n a lc m a d
Fd =
=
fo r
12 1 6 8 1 / 0 5 7
w o rm w h e e ls C V is
p itc h lin e
v e lo c ity
c a lc u la te d fo r a c tu a
o f th e w
l
e
he el
t
V = 0 2 2 6m x m / s
= 2 13 3 4 6 N
C
-
=
:
>
.
m
Į 57
v 3+ V 3 + 2 26
12 16 8 1
F -
12 1 6 8 1 .
. 12 16 8 1 N
.
m
10
W e fu ıd
f t r
r e is s a tis a c o y
i i t t o o th fr a c tu
sB
F > F th e d e s g lı a g a n s
d*
7
a tio n o f w e a r ıo a d
C a lc u ı r
e d ia ı
h c ir c ı n e te r
W e a r lo a d , F w - d 2 b K d 2 - w h e e l p itc
= zm x =
T 2 x 10 = 7 2 0 m
r depen ds o
6 th e n ıa te r ia l
K = w e a r fa c to ,
,
o f w o rm a ııd w h e e l
3 N / m 2 fr o rrı T a b ı e 7
K = 7 00 × 1 0

7 21
N = 0 T2 × 0 0 8 25 × 700 × 10 3 4 158 0 N
Fw > Fd
T h e d e s ig n is s a fe a g a in s t w e a r a ls o
T a b le 7 7
W o rm m a te r ia l W he e l m a te r ia l K in 2
k N /m
C I 350
H a rde n e d M bro n
an g a iıe s e ze 56 0
s te e ļ 2 50 B H N P h o sp h o r bro n ze 700
N o n m e ta llic m a te r ia l 875
8 C en tr e D is ta n c e B e tw e e n W o rm a n d W orm W heel
a 0 5 (q + ) 05 10 x (1 1
=
m z × 72) =
.
=
+ 4 15 m m
ww 9 A c tu
q
a
-
ıE m
0 95
c ie n c y o f th e D
' w
r iv e
h e r e p is th e fr ic tio
g le (E
w
n an
q n 4 14 )
.Ea 八 s s lı
ta n p
m e
一
卢
声一
一 0 03
0 03
?
】 - 0 95 syE
ta n (1 5 2 5° + 1 7°
)
P = l1 °
= 0 84 98 i e
C a lc u la te d
,
84 98 %
ngi
sa tis fa c to r
F o r
y
th e c a lc u la tio
e ffic ie n c y is r e a t
g e r th a iı th e d
e s ir e d
nee e ffic ie n c y D e s ig n is
p ara 14
n o f co o lin g are a re q u ir e m en t,
rin re fe r to cha p te r 4 ,
g.n
e t

8 L U B R I C A T IO N AN D
.
J O U R N A L B E A R IN G S
T he fu n c tio
a c h in en o f
81 b e a r in g is to m
n o f r ig id p a r ts ın a s le e v e b p e r m it c o n s tr a in e d r e la tiv e
m o tıo e a r in
g a s h a ft o r o u r n a l r t t
ve o r b e a r in g a n d th e r e la tiv e j o a e s w ith in a ,
s le e m o tio n is s lid i
n g In a n a n tifr ic tio n b e a r in
l i
m a in r e a t v e m o tio n is r o llin g
g A c a n ı fo llo w e r m a h a v e e ith r r llin
,
m o tio n In g e a r s th e r l y g r
e o o
s h d in g e a tiv e m o ti
o n is a c o m b in a tio n o f r o llin
,
g an d
s u d itıg B e tw e e n p is to n a n d c y lin d e r th e r e i
s s lid in g m o tio n A l l th e s e
li tio n s r e q u ir e lu b r ic a tio n to r e d u
a pp c a c e fr ic tio n w e a r a n d h
e a tin g
V is c o s ity o f th e lu b r ic a n t is a n i
,
82 m p o r ta n t v a r ia b l i d
e n e te r m in in g b e a r in g
fr ic tio n V is c o s ity is th e p h y s ic a l p r o p e r t o f a flu id th
y a t o ffe r s r e s ıs t a n c e to
m o tio n b e tw e e n its la e r
r e la tiv e y s
ww
w .Ea
syE d is t r ib tio
ngi
u n
F IG 8 1 F LA T P L AT E M OVı
NG ON O IL F ıL M
R e fe r to F ig u 8 1
nee
rin
re
F = Fo rc e q u ir e d to
re c a u s e r e la tiv e m o tio n
F a
A V
h
ie ,
F = Z A
V
h
w h e r e Z is th c a b s o lu te
g.n
v is c o s ity
83
Z
U n
=
its
(F /A )1(V /h )
o f V is c o s ity
= She a r s tr e s s / she a r s t r a in
e t
CG S U n its
( Ì (\
S d yn e s se c
P o se i - ' -
P o is e is a la r g e u n it; h e n ce ,
1 /1 0 0 tb o f a p o is e ,
ie ,
c e n tip o is e is u se d
in p r a c tic e
M KS u n its
7
se c = 9 8 × 10 c p
2
c m
s ıu n its
Pa s = 10 c p
N s
iıs )
1 Pa s =
2
= (in m a ss u n
a ıs
田
司
声
ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

8 3
T m
E fıe c t o f e p e r a tu r e o n v is c o s ity
86
v is c o s ity d e c r e a s e s w ith in c r e a s e i
,
n te m p e r a tu r f
e o r o ils (F ig 8 4)
h ig h d
%X p p lic a tio
sp e e a
, n s, in li h tl l
g y o a d e d b e a r in g s a ir is u se d
, as .
ww
87
th e c
w
P e tr o fp s L
T he
o e ffic ie n t o f b e a
aw
.Ea
ft is a s s u m e d to b e c o n c e n t i
sh a
r in g fr ic tio n
r c (F ı 8 6
g ) w h ic h is n o t tr u e S till
p r e d ic te d b y th is la w is q u ite g o o d e v e n
,
F =
f i
w h e n th e s h a t s n o t c o n c e n tr ic
fr ic tio n fo syE
rce = Z A (V lc ) w he re
ngi
,
V s u r fa c e v e lo c ity f th e
-
o jo u r n a l = 2n r N '
nee
jį
c = ra d ia l c le a ra n c e
N
・ r
rin=
=
ra
ı
d iu
e n g th
s o
o
f th
f th
e
e
jo
be
u rn a
a r in
ı
g
, = u tio n s
re v o ı pe r sec on d
g.n
F IG 8 6 etii :
A = s u r fa c e are a o f th e jo u r n a l = 2 7r r l
F - Z ) (2 n r N y
(2 r t t ı c
(2 n rl ) (2 n rN »r / c
'
T = fr ic tio n to r q u e - F T - Z
2 3
= 4Z ır r tN ıl c
F r ic tioto r q u e is a ls o g iv e n a s T = lt w
n r, w h e r e H is th e c o e ffic ie n t o f
fń c tio n ıd w
aı is th e lo a d o n th e b e a r in g W e d e fin e th e p r e s s u r e in th e
be a r in p w 72 r l N w p (2 r l) T h e r e fo r e
g _
o w ,
=
(b )
d s o lv in g fo r Jr , w e ge t
in ıp o r la ııt d im e n s io n le s s pa r a iııe te r s in lu b r ic a tio n

敬本
L * * n cū n ı
Y CM
LU B R ı ON
ı
o 6 ı?
* n s ıw o c o ıc o n to c t )
ł
(C o tï h m o u s
ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
R G & O * Ix E D
ı F I\ I SE M Ł
FL U ı
D
rin
L U B R IC A T IO N
(ı
n te r m it奄e n t b e a l 口口门叙烈式 )
g.n
=
th e
F r ic ıi»
D n
ıb b in B
i= S ı
id i= g C
is c
e a m B t a r in g s
h a r a c te r iz e d b y th e a b s e n ce o
e
f lu b r ic a iıt la y e r b e tw ee n t
n sı
ır fa c e s a n d o b e y in g C o u lo m b s la w
'
o f fr ia io n i e F = P W
,
U « U y F r ic t io = (F
» 7 ) ï n th is ty p e o f fn c tio n lu b r ic a iıt is fe d in
,
sc a r c e q ı a a tit ic s B o t h th c Đ
ı
y a n d b o u rıd ș r y ty \ s o f fr ic tio n in a s lid in g
b ea rin g a r c c h a r a a e r iz c d b y c o m a r a t iv e l f ces
p y heay w e a r b e c a u s e th e s u r a
o f Đ jo ıım a l a n d b e a r in B a r e in c o n s ta n t c o n t aĐ

d
a iı
n u id ty p e s o f fr ic tio n T h is o c c u r
s w h e n th c film
b in g s u r fa c e s is o f th e lu b r ic a n t b t
the r u b v e r y t h in
a n d e a s ily d is t
e w ee n
f w bc d b i
the s e s u r a c e s y a n y r r e g u la r ity o n
F lu id F r ic t io n is c h a r a c te r iz e d b
y a la y e r o f lu b r ic a n t e n c lo s d b
k in g s u r fa c e s o f th e jo u r n a l A n d e tw e e n
bearg
e
tbe w o r
a n d p r e v e n tin l
ta c t H e n c e w e a r is v e r g m e t to m e ta l
Uid a
c °
ı
co ı y m u c h re d u c e d fr ic tio n c o e ffic ie n t i -
o 00 0 to 0 0 0 3 a g a in s t 0 0 0 5 to 0 10 in s /
c m in u id a n d o ]
f i i h i to o 2 5 in d r fr ic tio n
In f u
l id r c t o n e a t n g o f h
t e b e a r in y
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4 C t)n v e r g in g e r e la tiv e v e lo c ity b e tw e e n th e
l a n d b e a r in g A re th e t w o i
jo u r n a m p o r ta n t c o n d itio n s re q u ir e d 【
o d e v e lo p
d m d y n a m ic p r e s s u r e in o il lu b r ic a te d b e a r in
hy gs
m o n ty p e s o f s lid in g c o n tm t b e a r in s :
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ss n u m w h ic h u n ite s a ll th e d e s ig n fa c to r s
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n ce f th e
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17 T y ĺ ıe s o f la u u re s : w e a r an d s e iz u r e
1a
H!OStativ he M n gs Je p n d up on an e x le m a 】 p re s s u e s o u rc e (p u m p ) fo r
d e v e lo
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m p re s s u re in th e a r i n g
ı
9 T h e re is m ı s t a r tin
g o r s to p p in g fn c tjo ıı in th « ie b e « irıg s E v e n a t z e r o tb e
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n
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m « b in e to o ls Tu t w
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9 R o u in g C o n ta c t B e a r in gs
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ti fr ic tio n b e a r in g s
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T h is is
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e n t in s u c h b e a r
in g s m a in ı o w
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i
m s n o n ıe ,r b e c a u s e ,
fr ic tio n is a lw a y s p r e s n g
,
s o r r o lle r s a ıı
d th e r a c e s
to r o u in g r e s is ta iıc e b e tw e e n th e b a ı ı
lle r b e a r h ıg is lo w e r th a n th a t
A t n ıo d e r a te s p e e d s fr ic tio n o f a b a ll o r r o
o f an e q u iv a ıe n t jo u r n a ıb e a r in g A t M g h s p e e d s , p r o p e r ly d e s ig n e d a n d
e q u iv a le n t b a ll o r r o ll
lu b ń c a te d o u r n a l b e a r in g h a s le s s fr ic tio n th a n a n
j er
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ngi
F IG 9 1 COM pA R ı
92 M a n ta g e s o f Ba ı
ıa
s ta r tin
n d R o le r B e a r in g s
ı
ll a s
nee in g , is lo w
ove r Jo u m a ıB e a r in gs
t M gh sp e e ds
1 F r ic tio
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,
2 S h a ft a lig n n ıe n t c a iı b e m a de w ith g r e a te r accurac y

3
4
H
L
e a v y n ıo n ıe n ta r y o v e r lo a
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ds can be
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5
6
7
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S e le a io n
ty p e s o
e n
o
f b e a r in g s
t is e a s y
f b e a r in g s
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93 D is a d v a n ta g e s
1 C o st of b e a r in g a i ıd th e n e c e s s a r y n ıo u n tin g is g e n e r a lly g r e a te r
2 F a ilu r e o f b e a r in g o c c w s s u d d e n ly w ith o u t w a r n in g (fa tig u e

◆ ï ır e )
3 N o is ie r in n o r n ıa l o p e r a tio n
9 4 . .
R o llin g F r ic tio n
h e r e o f r a d iu s R r o llin g w ith o u t s lid in g o n a fı a t s u r fa c
heel o e
A w r sp
a r e s is ta n c e d u e to th e v e r y s m a ll lo c a l d e fo n ııa tio n (a k i ı d
w ilıe x p e ń e n c e
ı
o f r id g e s h o w ıı in F ig u r e 9 2 ); th is g iv e s r is e to th e fo r c e o f r e a c tio n F R w
h o se
liııe o f a c tio n p a s s e s th r o u g h th e c e n tr e C o f tı ıe r o llin g e le n ıe n t If Ý is t

he
w e ig h t o f th e r o lı in g e le m e n t a n d P th e h o r iz o n ta ıfo r c e n e c e s s a r y to b a la iıc e
th e in o r iz o n ta ] c o n ıp o n e n t F h o f F R , t h e w e h a v e

92 .
h, ,WXW- , s ta n ce b e tw een an d w
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93 F a c to r s W h ic h C o n tr ib u te to F r ic tio n in R o llin g C o n ta c t Be e a r in gs
t
1 R o lliııg r e s is ta iıc e
th e llin g e le m en ts a ııd tlıe r a c e

2 S lid in g b e tw e en ro
3 s lid in g b e tw een th e ro u in 9 e le n ıe n ts an d th e se p a r a to r (c a g e )
d th e g u id e H a 】ıg e s in ro lle r b e a r in g s
4 S lid iııg b e tw een th e r o lle rs a n
5 T h e lo du e to c hu in
n ı g o f lu b r ic a n t
sse s
96 ts
S tr e s s e s in B e a r in g Eı
em en
f c e s a r e p r e s s e d to g e th e r , th e
w u e n tw o b o d ie s h a v in g c u r v e d s u r a
U g h c o ın p r e s s ıv e s tr e s s
b o d iės d e fo a 】ı a r e a o f c o n ta c
t is d e v e lo p e d a n d a
m llin g b e a r h ıg th e s e
(s u r fa t e s tr e s s /h e r tz ia n s tr e s s ) is h ıd u c e d In a lo a d e d r o
a c h tim e a n
c o n ta c t s tr e
s s e s o c c u r in r o llin g e e m
ı e n ts A i ıd in th e r a c e w a y s e
e le n ıe n t r ll i i n (F ig 9 3 ) T h e lo a d d e c r e a s e s
o a d a p p lic a t o
o s n to th e a r e a o f ı

93
:
ls tr ib u t io n
F ıG 9 3
wwı\
S u r fa c e e n d u r a ıı«x lin ıit is th e n ıa x iın u n ı s tr e s s a t
n m b e r o f s tr e s s c y c le s d o e s ııo t c a u s e p ittin g T h e
w
n
h ic h s u ffic ie n tı
ıa g n itu d e o f t
y
w
e iıd u r a iı«x lim it is o b t a in e d e x p e r in ıe n ta lly
9 7
.Ea
S N D ia g r a m fo r A n ti fr ic tio n B e a r in g s
B y s u b je c tin g a la r g e g r o u p o f b e a r in g s o f s a m e s iz e d
d e s ig n to
a ıı
be pı o t te d ( g
F i 9 4 ) syE e s fo r fa ilu
d iffe r e n t lo a d s a iıd c o u ııtin g th e n u m b e r o f c y c ı re ,
S N d ia g r a n ıc a 】ı
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l
9 9 .
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tı o fA s s e rm bı
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T h e in n e r r a c e is p la c e d e c c e n tr ic w ith tlıe o u te r r a c e a n d th e b a lls a f e
in s e r te d in th e c r e s c e n t s h a p e d s p a c e (F ig 9 6 a ) T h e b a lls a r e th e n e v e n ly
s p a c e d a s th e r a c e s a r e b r o u g h t in to c o n c e n tr ic p o s itio n T h e h a lv e s o f th e
r e ta in e r a r e th e n asse m b le d s o th a t th e p itc h d is ta iıc e b e tw e e n th e b a lls w ill
b c m a in ta in e d c o n s ta ııt J l
T h is n ıe th o d r e s tr ic ts th e to ta ln um be r o f b a lls th a t can be a sse m b le d

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ı
o n ifc o r life fo r W W o
c ・p a c ity B iv c n in ıh c c a t a lo g u c » iu c fo r 9 0 %
e .
t
s u r v iv a l fo r I m r
Lil r I(X X X ) h o u r s i* r e q u ir e d a ı a
t} rc lia b iı
iıy o f 9 5 ą b L ife o l th is
b c ・r iw al N b re ıia b ility w ill b c g r e a te r
t rl
(E q n 9 5)
y P ,
- O q5
ıo
. ; - lik at p r u b ıb iı
ity p ıo ,
- 09
"
[\
' "
i? - .
å = o 58 38
Uo = 17 12 9 h o u rs - 17 1 2 9 × 60 × 4 00
= 4 11 × OP
ı r e vo h d io a * - 4 1ım

F. W 1
.
.
0 4 4 fo r = 0 5, w e ge t
F
X = 0 56 a i ıd Y = 1 fo r
i > e ,
fr o m T a b le 9 2
1 fo r in n e r ra c e ro ta tio n
V =
ď o r S 1 1 is d
S e r v ic e fa
=
a s su m e
+ Y F )S
P = (V X F , .
- (1 × 0 56 × 4000 + lx 4000) 1 1 = 6 864 N
k = 3 fo r b a ll b e a r in g s
1/ k 1/ 3
C
ww =
p =
] × 6 86 4 se 5 10 3 3 N
pr o b ıeı
w
n 93
.Ea
T h e r a d ia l r e a c tio n o n a b e a r in g is 图瓦旧 N It a ls o c a r r ie s a th r u s t o f
f d i n ıe te r is 1 4 0 m m a n d it r o ta te s a t 1 7 0 0 r p m O u te r r in g
5000 N T h e s h a t a
i
is s ta tio n a r y L o a d s s m o o
a ) S e le d a d e e p g r o o v e
syE
th , 8 h o u r s /d a y fo r a life o f 1 7 0 0 0 h o u r s
b a ll b e a r in g
b ) W iıa t is th e r a te
1 3 4 c o m p u te th e p r o
d 90% life o f th e
ngi s e le c ted b e a r in g ?
b a b ility o f th e s e le c te d b e a r in g
c ) For b
su r v iv in g 1 7 0 0 0 h o u r s
=
l
a ) R e fe r r in g t o th e b e a r in g c a ta o g u e
nee s e le c t te n t a tiv e ly , b e a r in g
rin
,
w e
w ith n u m b e r 6 0 2 8
B c a r ln 吕n u m be r B e
o ı d i= m e tc r , m m
S ta tic
C o
B a s ic C a p a c ity
g.n
,
U y
F
'" '"
e t
. 0 0 55
q 9 000 0
e p r o p o r tio n a l to F . / C . F
ı_ o o55
N o w ,
w e ñ n d th e v a lu e o f e proportio to ,
v a lu e s a v a iı e in T a b le 9 2
abı
b y in te r p o la tio n ,
fr o m th e

0 2 55 , W b ta in X
o = 0 56 Y li
C ltin g T a b le 9 2 fo r e
o n su ,
- e
eg
24 ıd 0 27 re sp e c tiv e l
b e tw e e n 1 8 a 】ıd 1 6 fo r v a lu e s o f e , 0
aı ,
y B
y
in te r p o la tio n w e o b ta in th e v a lu e ó f Y a s 1 7
255 0 24 ) = 0 10 3
× (0
(0 2 7 0 24)
fo r e Y 1 8 0 10 3 1 697 = 1 7
T he re = =
P =
(V X F , + Y F a ) S
-
(l x 0 5 6 × 80 00 + 1 7 × 500 0 ) 1 1
- 14 2 7 8 N
V = 1 fo r in n e r ra c e ro ta tio n
S = 1 1 (a s s u m e d fo r sm o o th lo a d in g )
ww L 10 - 1 m r
w .Ea
L = 17 0 0 0 × 6 0
k = 3 fo r b a ll b e a r in g s
x
1700
10
6
= 173 4 m r
C = syE
1/ 3
14 2 7 8 = 17 1 5 3 4 1 N
B e a r in g 6028 d o es n o t h a v e th e ngi
re q u ir e d d y n a m ic ca p a c ity N ow w e tr y
nee
,
b e a r in R 6328
5000
o o 2 23 , d in g e c a ııb e ta k e o 22 x d Y
rin
- . c o rr e sp o n n as an
C 2 2 40 0 0
o
v a lu e s a r e 0 56 d 2 tiv ly
g.n
an re sp e c e
P =
(1 X 0 56 × 8000 + 2 × 50 00 ) x 1 1 = 15 , 9 2 8 N
T h.
= (
H
17 3 4
l
. ca
1/ 3
p
15 9 2 8
a c ity o f th .
= 19 1 ,3 57 N
s e le c t. d be a r in
e
g 6 3 2 8 is 2 00 , 0 0 0 N H e n ce,
t
b e a r in g s e le c tio n is sa tis fa c to r y
q u ir e d
PH t Z ,
e h H ıx . Re
lk
{ L \]
W c u s e tJıe r e ı
aıio n C =
[ l P
L ro j
L
Put C = 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 N ,
th e a c l u d d yn a . Ic ca p a c ity
0 3
2 oo m o ,
= l1l " "
Ł 1 9 7 9 73 x 1 o P
'
T h c r c fo rc 1 9 73 m r = - 1 9 4 0 9 10 8
,
1 7 00 × 60
: h e b e a r in g w jjj h a v e a life o f 19 40 9 h o u r s w j th e
)T proıtaħy o f \ a
) 9 If ? e b fe is o d y 170 0 0 b o ıłr s , it w iu h a v e a g r e a te . .o bab\ u f sm nn w

(E qn 9 5
P - 0 9 1 5 P r o b a b ilit f su
,
y o r v iv a l fo r 1 7 0 0 0 h o u rs
pr o b le m 9 6 .
D p gr o o v e b a ı
ee 1 b e a r in g S K F 6 2 0 7
c a r r ie s a c o m b i
ww
l
ra dia ly a n
d 12 00 N a x ia lly a t 12 0 0 r m T h
p e o u te r r in
is s u b je c te d to m o d e r a te s h o c k F in d th e a v e r a e e
g
g r o ta
n e d lo a d o f 1 8 0 0 N
te s a n d th e b e a r in
x p e c te d life o f th e s e
g
w
R
C o
h
be a f in g s in o u r s
e fe r r in
-
g to b e a r in g
13 7 0 0 N .Ea c a ta lo gue w e fin d
B e a r in g nu m be r B
syE o re d ia m e te r Co C
ngi
SK F 6 207 35 m m 13 7 0 0 N 20000 N
12 00
C0 13 7 0 0
= 0 0 8 7 6 , fo
0 27
r w h ic h
a n
e
d 0 3 1 (fr o nee
lie s b e tw e en
n ı T a b le 9 2)
F
_
12 0 0
18 0 0
_ 0 66 7 ;
F
. e
rin
W
r
e ta k e Y = 1 5 a s a s u it a
r
b le v a lu e (o r b y in te r p o la tio n g.n e a ııd he n c e
e
,
Y c u ıb c o b ta in e d Y w ill lie b e tw e en 1 6 a ııd 1 4 )
X
V
-
=
0 56
1 2 fo r o u te r ń iıg ro ta tio n S = 2 fo r m o d e r a te s lıo c k
t
P =
(V X F r + Y F )S
a
(1 2 × 0 56 × 18 0 0 + 1 5 × 12 0 0 )2 = 6 0 19 2 N
1ノk
L
l
L =
ľ
1/ 3
L
0 00 = × 6 0 19 , L = ra tin g life fo r 90% s u r v iv a l
'
a
L = 36 68
į
3tó 8 1 × \Q
= 509 5 h o u rs r
12 0 0 x 6 0
A iた 5 50 9 5
ver
\ iた
ł ー 5 × r a th 吕】ー ×
= 254 7 5 h o u rs

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

9 20
6 0 00 N ; F 2
- 90 0 0 N ; F = 30 00 N
3
F1 =
0 25 x 2 00
= 5 r e v o lu tio n s
0
.
01
10 0 re v o ı
u tio n s
A to ta l o f 3 7 0 lu tio
0 2 × 50 0 =
re v o n s
.
o2
22o pc r m in u te
. o 55 × 4o o = re v o lu tio n s
姓
(E q n 9 o )
Pww = V X F m
S
1 x 6 2 34 X
V
1
= l}
62 34 N
X = 1, S
w
= l x =
a s ic d yn ic p a c ity is 2 0 0 0 0 N (P r o b le m 9 6)
.Ea
B a m c a
R a tin ife is
g ı o b ta in e d u s in g t h e fo rm u la
C =
1" / k
P
syE
2 00 0 0 = (L
/
/ 1 )1 3 6 234 ,
t in
L
g life
= 33 m r
ngi
5 33 16 5
nee
5 x m r
A ve rage liĺ e - ra - × =
1 1 4 V \ n
į
74 32 4 h o
rin
= . u r
60 X 370
P r o b le m 9 9
W h a t is th c a p p r o x im a te fr ic tio n a l lo s s n a
ha v in g a b o r e d ia m e te r o f 5 0 m m a n d s u b je c te d to a
i s in g le r a d ia l b a ll
r a d ia l lo a d o f 2 0
k
b e a r in g
N ? T hc
g.n '
sha ft r o ta t e s a t 5 0 0 r p m
T
T a k e c o e fĺ ic ie n t o f fr ic tio n
F r ic tio n to r q u e
=
L o a d x c o c ff o f fr ic tio n x
2 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 1 5 × 0 0 5 /2
-
=
0 0 0 15
d ia m e te r /2
-
e t
= 0 75 N m
N lu t io n s pc r se c o n d
2 Jr N
'
T w he re _ re v o
po w e r lo ss - ,
500
= 2 兀 X × 0 75
60
= 39 27 w a t ts

9 21
g h llg h ts
Hı 9
is lo w c x c u p t a t h ig h s
1 A dv a n ta g e s o f ro b e a r in g s : I ) F r ic tio n
ttin g ç o n ta c l p e e u tE
l 3 ı u h r ic a t in n is r n ip e
İ l 4 ) R c jjjc
i j j n a ) p e
2 ) A lm o s t c o n c e n tr ic o p e r a t o n t j o u r rn e
nt
t l u c i s s itr ıp lc
i
'
f tu r e r s c a a u g
is e a s y 5 ) S e le c tio n u s g n m a n u a c
fa iı u re w ith o u t w a f n
in g (fa tijigu c łililu r e
2 D is a ť !v a n ta g e s : C n s t n o is ie r s u d d e n,
)
E c e n tr ic d is p ı acem en t m e th o d 2 ) F illin g n o t
3 B a lıb e a r in g a s s e m h ly m e th o d s : I ) c ch
m e 山o d
l o w s e lf a lig n in g anguı
f b a ll b e a r in g s : s in g le r o w d o u b e r
i c o llta c t (to ,
4 T ype s o ,
,
c a rr y b o th a x ia l a n d r a d ia
l lo a d s )
li r b ) n w d le ro lle r (u s e d w h e n th e r e is
5 T y p e s o f r o lle r b e a r in g s : a ) r a d ia l f o e
lle r (to c a rr y a x ia l a n d rilial lo a d s )
lim ita tio n o n th e f a d ia łs p a c e ) c ) ta p e r r o
l l d w h ic h g iv e s a p e r m a n e n t d e fo rm a tio n
6 S ta tic ln a d r a tin g q is th e s ta tic r a d ia o a
,
ww 7
o
D yn
f b a ll an
ic
d rac e
lo a d r a tin
to 0 0 0 0 ı o f th e b a ll d ia m
g , C , is th e lo a d t a
h t
e te r
can be c a r r ie d b y th e b e i? in g fo r 10
6
w
am
fe v o ]u t io n s w ith o n il
ly ]O p e r c e n t fa u r e s
8 D a ta q u ir e d fo r th e
re
d e s ir e d life in h o u r s .Ea s e le c
an d th e
tio n o f b e a r in g s : R a d ia l lo a d a x ia l lo a d
ty p e o f lo a d (s te a d y im p a c t e tc )
,
spee d o f s h a ft
,
syE
,
in g th e a b o v e d a ta d y n a m ic lo a d c a p a c ity (C ) r e q u ir e
d fo r th e b e a r in g is
9 K n o w
i d C a n d th a t c a n s u p p o r t a s h a ft o f g iv e n
e li tim a te d A b e a r in g th a t h a s th e r e q u r e
10
d ia m e te r is s e le c te d
E q u iv a le n t ıo ad P ngi
is th e e q u iv a le n t r a d ia l lo a d th a t w ill h a v e th e sam e e ffe c t on
nee
, ,
b e a r in g ı ife a s d o th e a p p lie d lo a d s A m lie d lo a d s a r e u s u a lly a ,

co m b in a tio n o f
r a d ia l a n d a x ia l (th r u s t) lo a d s
11 p r e lo
th e
a th ng is d o
fa tig u e life
n e to re m
P r e lo a d e d
o v e th e
b e a ń n gs
internal
ar e
c le a r a n c e
u se d 山 m
in
ac h in rin
be a r in
e
gs
to o ls
a n d to in c f e a s e
an d in e c is io n
in s tr u m
D
e n ts
ig n a tio n o f b e a r in \ S e r ie s 1 0 0 fo r e x tr a lig h t d u tie is 2 0 0 fo g.n r lig h t d u tie s 3 0 0
e
12 es , ,
13
fo
B
C
r m e d iıt m
e a r in
m e
d u tie s a n d 4 0 0 fo r h e a v y d u tie s
g m a te f ia ls H ig h c a r b o n c h r o m iu m s ı
b a r d e n e d a llo y s tæ l fo r r o l】
e e l th r o
e t b e a r in g s
u i s
g h h iĐ d e n e d fo r b a ll b e a r n g t
fa ilu r e In be a r in llin g e le m e n ts d b je c te d to h ig b
ı4 B e a r in g : gs ro m ra c e s a fe su
llin g f c o n ta c t
co n ta c t sı
r e s se s o f c y c lic n a tu r e H e n ce 自心g u e p ia in g o r spa o
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rat
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ts a r e a ls o k n o w n a s to o th e d b e lts T h e r e is n o s lip p a g e in
lh c tim in g e t a t
syE
h l n i il tr a n s m its p o w e r a t a c o n s t a n t a n g u la r v e lo c ity r a tio
S in c e th c h e lt is to Lì th u d th e r e is n o n e e d fo r in itia l te n s io n a n d b e t
h
c v ic e s S m a lle r p u lle y s c a n b e u s e d T h e te e t m a e
l
k it p o s s ib le t o
lc n s in n in lĮ t ı
ru n a t h ig h ×p c c d s a s
8 0 m /s o r a l v e r y s lo w s p e e d s
ngi d is a d v a n t a g e s
C \1 ĥ ts a n
T im in g tì c lts
d fo rm in g te e t h
a rc u se d in
o n th e p u llc y s
m an y a
nee a re
p p lic a tio
th e
n s lik e d r iv in g a n e n g in e
ca m s h n ť t fr o m th e c ra n k s a ft
h
rin
g.n
e t

H ig h lig h ts 10
is th e m o st e c o n o m ic a l
f b e lt d r iv 1) B e t d r iv
ı e m e th o
d fo
1 A dv an ta g e s o es:
,
la r g e d is ta n c e 2) L o w co st 3) N o is e l
a p a rt b y
g s h a fts th a t
a
c o n n e c tin ar e e s :$
4 ) p ro te c tio n a g a in s t o v ef lo a d s , v ib r a tio n a n d s h o c k
v e lo c ity ūo be c a u se o f
g e t a c c u r a te
ra
2 D is a d v a n ta l) It is no t p o s s ib le to s li
ge s p
f d r iv e 4 ) S h o r t
2) O ccu p ie s m o re sp a c e 3) E ffic ie n c y is l? s th a n th a t o a g e iČ er I
O p e n b e lt d r iv e c r o s s e d b e lt Č iv e , q u a r e r tu r n d r iv e , fa s t
t
3 T yp e s o t d f iv
f be ı es: ,
li d ń v e Č iv e w ith id le r p u lle y V H a t d ri
a n d lo p u lle y Č iv e s te p p e d p u e y ve ,
o se ,
,
4 B e lt c ro ss se c tio n s : fla w an d c ir c u la r
5 In d is ta n d r iv tio s , in o r d e r to in c r e a s e t
r h ig h
itł v e lo c ity ra
s h o r t c e n tr e ce es w he
la p f a lle r p u lle y a n id le r p u lle y m a y b e u
se d Th e o th e r m e th o d
an g le o sm w ill
b e to o v e d s m a lle r p u lle y a n d a H a t r iJ】JJJn e d la r g e r p u lle y c o n n e c te d b

u se a gr o y
V t W
beı e d ge a c tio n in th e s n ıa lle r p u lle y c o m p e n s a te s fo r th e s m a ll la p a n le g
6
7
ww
B
A dv
e lt m
an
a te r ia ls :
ta g e s o f V
L e a th e r ,
b e lts
c o
o v er
tto n an d c an v as
n a t b e lts : 1 ) F o r th e
,
ru bber ,
b a la ta ,
sam e
n y lo
c ro ss
n (c o r e
se c tio
o n ly )
n a l are a o f
w
b e lts
b e in
d is ta n
,
V
an
c es
b e lt d r iv
y p o s itio n
4 ) H ig h e r .Ea
e c an
(s h a fts
v e lo c
tr a n sm it
ity
c an
ra
be
tio
m
s
o re to r q u
5 ) S lip is le
e
e r tic a l) 3 ) P o s s ib ility
th a n
ss
th e fla t b e lt d r iv
be c a u se
o f e m
o
e
f w e d g in g a c tio n
2 ) D r iv e
p lo y in g s m a ll c e n tr e
c an
8 D is a d v
n o t be
an
u se
ta g e s
d fo
:
r syE
1) N
la r g e
o t d u r a b le
c a p a c itie s
as fla t b e lts 2 ) D
an d c e n tr e d is ta n
e s ig n
c e s
is m o re c o ın p lic a te d 3 ) C a n
9 B e
v a lu e s
lt s lip
o
m y b e d u e to 1 ) n o n p a r a lle lis m
a
f fr ic ū o n c o e fn c ie n t b e tw e e n b e lt ngi an
b e tw
d p u lle y 3 )
een th e c o n n e c te d s h a fts 2 ) lo w
c re e p
R im
b e tw
o
e e n
f o n e
th e
o f th e p u lle y s is c r o
c o n n e c te d s h a fts
w n ed
nee
to o v erc o m e th e s lip d u e to n o n p a r a lle lis m
10 F la t b e lt d e s ig n T o fin d 1 ) th e ty p e o f b e lt (H I s p e e d or
rin
F o r ti 2 ) b e lt w id th an d
11 V
th e n um
b e lt d e s ig n
ber o f p lie s
: T o
(th ic k n e s s ) 3 ) b e lt le n g th
fin d 1 ) b e lt sec tio n (Ą B C D o r E ) 2) g.n
n om in a l in s id e le n g th
e
, ,
3) n u m ber o f b e lts
12 v
E x am
t specification
beı
p le B 2 8 4 5 B is th e ,
c r o s s s e c tio n ,
2 8 4 5 in m n ı is th e n o m in a l in s id e le n g th
t
13 D e s ig n u s in g b a s ic e q u a tio n T h e p u U e y th a t h a s lo w e r v a lu e o f ra tio o f te n s io n s
w jjj g o v en ı th e d e s ig n o f th e d r iv e
14 T e n s io n s in a be h dń v e T ig h t s id e te n s io n T s la c k s id e te n s io n T c e n tr ifu gal
,
ľ ,
2,
te n s io n T in itia l te n s io n T
,
ć, ,
o
C e ıılr ifu g a l te n s io n in th e te n s io n in tiıe b e lt et

ith o g th e p o
c re a s e s w u t in c r e a s in w
c a l? a c ity
In iČ l te n s io n To - (T i + T 2 y 2
15 Lo sse s in b e lt d r iv e Internal f cic ū o n a łh s s du f th e b e ll

e to re p e a te d fle x in g o
lo sse s du e to s lip an d c re e p ,
w in d a g e lo ss , lo ss in b e a r in g s
ı6 F e v e lo c ity tio d fo th e ill b a v e
o r sam e ra an r s am e p a ir o f p u lle y s ,
o n g e r b e lt
ı w
g r e a te r life d ıa iı tlıe s b o r te r o ne That h , g r e a te r th e c en tr e d is ta n ce m o re n 6 11
be
th e life o f ť b e b e lt

ı1 .
C H A IN D R IV E S
d v a n ta s e s
ı A
S s iz e c o m p a r e d to Ĥ a t b e ı
t d r iv e s
lo a d o n th e s h a fts th a n in b e lt d r iv e s
s m a lle r
b tw e e n c h a in a n d s p r o c k e t
N o s lip e
ik e b e ı t d r iv e s , c h a in ? iv e s c a n b e u s e d fo r tr a ıffim ittin g n ıo tio n o v e r
ı
r a b le
d is ta n c e s (5 to 8 m )
rs id e
ı
i o f th e d r iv e (u p to 0 9 8 )
H ig h e ffic e n c y
f ? iv in g s e v e r a l s p r o c k e ts u s in g a s in g le c h a in (F ig 1 1 1 )
p o s s ib ility o
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112 D is a d v a n ta g e s
) In c r e a s e in f c h a in jo in ts q u ir in g th e u se o f
a c h a in p itc h d u e to w e ar o re
ta k e u
p d e v ic e s
b) P e r io d ic n ıa in te n a ııc e is re q u ir e d (lu b r ic a tio Ą a d ju s tm en ts , e tc )
c) N on un ifo rm ro ta tio n o f d r iv e n sp r o c ke t d u e to c h o r d a ıa c tio n (r is e an d
fa ll o f c h
a in )
d) N o i '
s y o p e r a tio n
e) D d r iv e
e s ig iı ıs m o r e r e d w ith b e h
c o ın p lic a te d a s c o m p a
l13 lan d w o o d w o r k in g m ac h in e s, in
c ha i Đ i n ve s a r e w id e ly u s e d in 】ııe ta
ıs , p r iııtin g n ıa c h in e tc
spo rt m
e c h a ııis n
le s s th a ī ı 1 0 , h a in
1 4
c lo c
''
C h a in ? iv e s
itie s u to V =
a r e e m p lo y e d fo r v e o
l c ity r a tio s
i s u p to 0 0 kw
c
p 25 s aı ıd fo r p o w e r r a t n g

112
1 13 T he co m m o n ty p e s o f c h a in s a rc (a ) ru lle r , (b ) h u s h e d un d (c ) ķ il
(in v e r te d to o th ) c h a in s cn
l
c h a in s (F ig 1 1 2 ) c o n s is t o ılw n r (1 w s o l o u te r
T h e r o lle r
p la te s r c fittc «l in to th e o u te r p la te s p a s s th r o u g h ı
P in s th a t a hu h u
ll
a r e p r e s s e d in to th e in n e r p la te s T h c c h a in r o u r s m u u n tc t ıo n th
r o ll o v e r th e s p r o c k e t te e th
T he b u she d c h a in s a re s im ila r in d e s ig n exce p t lh a l th e y h » . . .

ro lle rs
' tlo
R o lle r an d b u she d c h a in s m a y be e ith e r s in g le s tr a n d o r m u lti s tr

typ e s aud
S ile n t c h a in s c o n s is t o f s p e c ia l p r o file p la te s d in g Io
c o rre sp o n
imlics t e y a r c r c la tiv thie

t
p r o file o f s p r o c k c t te e th (F ig 1 1 3 ) A s th c n a m e h
q u ie te r in o p e r a tio n S ile n t c h a in s a r e a ls o k n o w n a s m v c r tc d to o th y
ňx
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F ıG 11 2 RO LLE R C H A IN nee F IG n 3
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o ta l l
T he
o ad
lle r c h a in s h o u ld b e s e le c te d b
ro
o n th e d r iv in
g s id e o f c h a in
y th e tr a n s m itte d tu r n in g fo r c e
) T a n d b r e a k in g lo a d Q
P g.n
c h a in s
Q P
=
T n , w h e r e n is th e fa c to r o f s a fe t
T h e v a lu e s o f th e fa c to r o f s f
a r e g iv e n in T a b le 1 1 1
y
a e ty fo r v a r io u s
p itc h e s a n d v e lo c itie s o f
e t
T a b le ıl 1 F a c to r f s a fe
. o ty l n
P itc h
Spe e d o f sm a lc
ı r s p ro c kc t rp m
u p to 5 0 200 400 60 0 80 0 00 0
ı 12 0 0 16 0 0 加国 240 0
9 5 25
7 0 78 8 55 9 35 10 2 l ı0 11 7 18 0
15 8 7 5 ı3 2 14 月 16 3
11 7 Ħ te b D ia m e te r s o f Spıucke W il 4 )
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d b e c a m e in th is p a r t ic u la r
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so 35
b u t th is m a y n o l b c th e b e s t s o lu tio n A
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b e a r in g p r e s s u r e )
15 8 7 5 (s ta n d a r d ) is cı
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1 1 10
h a in n u m b e r is
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5 A s s rım e th e c
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f th e h a in
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w m
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k4
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(3 0 - to 5 0 ) p ]
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k6
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o n su
fiīıd
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B e a r in g S tr e s s o lı R o lı
ers
In d u ce d s tr e s s - cr -
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t
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1 1 6)
1 9)
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m m
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a
p
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o
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ww
w
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e t
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12 S p r o c lĺ e t D ia m e te r s
P
Pcd o f sm a lle r sp ro c k e t, d l (E q n 1 1 1)
s in (1 8 0 / z l )
15 87 5
= 126 6 6 田田
s in (1 8 0 / 2 5 )
S p r o c ke t o u ts id e c iia m e te r ,
d = dl + 0 8 d,
o l
d, - 10 16 m m (T a b le 11 6)
- 126 6 6 + (0 8 x 10 16 ) = 1 3 4 78 8 m m
Pcd o f la r g e r sp ro c k e t, d 2 -
o7z2 ) (E q n 11 2 )
15 87 5
=
- 37 4 034 m m
s in (1 8 0 / 7 4 )
00 374 0 34 + :0 8 × 10 16 ) = 3 8 2 16 2 m m
2
= d2 + 0 Bd, -

L
ı1 12
th e r e s u lts a & g iv e n h ť ltw

o5: M - 5 8 10
in k s ; c
1 14 ı
\
-
妇
do 2 3 7 7 1 18
36 8 9 9 m m
=
dz m m
a - 50 1 2 6 m m ;
-
A l 7 - ııı\ B
2 25
fb - n i - . 2 T}2
25
f 2 9 4 is
D e v ia tio n o f i fr o m th e r e q u ir e d v a lu e o sa m e fb r b o th
thc
c a se s T h e r e fo re h a v iw z 2 7 3 is th c b e tte r d e s ig n
-
ww P r o b le m ıı2
A ? 5 k w e le c tr ic m o to r r tın n in g a t 1
4 0 0 r p m is u s e d to d r iv e th c in
w h f
s a t o f h
t e g ae r b o x o f a s p e c i
f
a
c h a in Io c o n n e c t th e m o to r s h a t to
r a tio o f 10 to 1 A s s u m e th e m n
l p u
.Ea
r p o s e m a c h in e
pu t
D e s ig n a s u ita b le r o lı
cr
th e g e a r b o x s h a ft to g iv e a n e x a c t s p e e d
i im u m c e n tr e d is ta n c e b e tw e e n d r iv e r a n d
d r iv e n s h a fts a s 6 0 0 m m
1 .
A ssm c z l ı1 RsyE -
f 7 1 is g r e a te r th a n 17 a c c o r din g
eco m m en
10 (g iv e n ), if z 1 - 1 7 , z 2 w ill b e g r e a tr r th a n 120
de d v a lu e s o ,
to T a b le
b e ta k e n a s 1 1 s o th a t
= 1 1 4 S in c e i
hi
w h ic h is n o t a c c e p ta b le H e n c e , c o n s id e r in g t s a s a n e c e p
x tio n a l c a s e , z c an
l
ngi
Z
ż
- iz i t Z2 - 10 × 1 1 =
nee
1 10
ac ce
W
p ta b le S in
c c a iı n o
ce z l
t ha v e
is o d ￠ w e a r is m in im is e d to s o m e e x te n t
i i is
h a s a n o d d n u m b e r b e c a u s e d e v ia tio n n ,
rin not
2 . tc h C a lc u la tio n
Pı
C d is ta n (30 5 0 )p g.n
e n tr e
e
ce a -
3 .
p 6 0 0 /5 0 to 6 0 0 /3 0 , 12 to 2 0 m m
-
T a k e p - 12 7 m m (s ta n d a r d )
60 0 =
(3 0 to 5 0 )p
t
T h e c h a in is 0 8 B 1 (T a b le 11 6 ) i e . a s im p le x c h a in is a ssu m e d
,
1Or2 0 N ' z
lp
n
l
4 .
P =
V =
6 0 X 1 00 0
102 0 x 75 匪図 12 7 X
3 26 6 0 X 10 0 0 IJ
= 2 3 46 6 N . 3 26 m / s
P. t t 6)
= 。 m
T ł - 0 7 k g /m (T a b le
2
= 07 X 3 26 Íį j

11 1 ,
F a c to r s o f S a te ty
k , to k - 1 (u a « u m c d )
,
= 1 X l x l x t x l x l .
D c s is n lo a d = ks X PT
= 1 × 2 379 38 . 23 7 9 3 8 N
wwB r e a k in g lo
F a c to r o f s a fe ty
a d =
k in g lo a d / D e s i n lo d
s a
-
18 2 0 0 N
(T a b le 1 1 6 )
B re a
w = 1 82 0 0 / 2 3 7 9 4 - 7 6 5
F o r p itc h 1 2 7 m m , fo r s m a lle r s r o c k c t
p
.Ea
s p e e d 14 0 0 r m
fa c to r o f s a fe ty w ill lie b e tw e e n 1 1 7 a n d 1 3 2 (T a b le 1 1 1 T h
p , th c r e q u ir e d
) e a c t u a ıIa c to r
syE
'
o f s a fe ty is v e r y m c h le s s th a n t h c r e q u ir e d N o w w e c h o o se 08 B 2 d u l
p ex
c h a in w ith b r e a k in g lo a d 3 18 0 0 N
D e s ig n lo a d w ill h a v e to b c r e c a lc u la te d t
c e n tr u g a l te n s io n a n d te n s io n d u e to s a
if
v
i
gg g
n
o
ngi acco u n t fo r in cre a se d
P
.
- - nï _ 1 32 × 3 262 _
nee
14 3 N m - 1 3 2 k g /m
Ps
PT
=
-
kw
Pt +
a - 6
P
×
+
13 2 × 0 6
P =
=
23 46 6 +
47 52 N
14 3 + 47 52
w - m
rin
g = 13 2 N / m
24 0 8 4 N
g.n
=
c s
D e s ig n lo a d = k X PT - l x 24 0 8 4 = 24 0 8 4 N
s
e
F a c to r o f sa fe ty - 3 18 0 0 / 2 4 0 8 4 - 13 2
as
B y in te r p o la tio n w e o b ta in th e re q u ir e d fa c to r o f s a fe ty fo r 140 0 rp m
t
6 . B e a r in g S tr e s s
B e a r in g a r e a fo 2
r 08 B - 2 = 10 0 m m
P ı< i<
t
cr = _ . 23 4 7 N / n u n 2
A 10 0
aı
ıd fo r itc h 1 2 7 fin d th a t th e
p m m n ıa y lie b e tw e e n 1 8 5 a n d 2 1 N /m iı
ı W e
in d u c d
s tr e s s is
g r e a te r th a n th e a llo w a b le s tr e s s
e
T he c h a in lin k s t fa iıb y tc n s ilc lo a d in s b u t th e ro lle r s an d p iııs

w ill fa iıb
m a y n o
y w e ar

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

1 1 15
m e ta l a n d w o o d w o r k in g m ac h in e s, p ir in tin g m ac h in e s,
e tc
R o lle r b u sh e d an d s ile n t c h a in s
o f c h a iï ı: ,
4 Ry p
es
ro c e d u r e
T o fin d 1 ) n u m b e r s o f te e th in th ep in io n s p r o c k e t a n d th e
i n
5 D es g p 2 ) th e p itċ h o f th e h a in 3 ) S e le c tio n o f a s ta n d a r d c h a in
ww c k et an d
c
? iv e n s p r o
P an dp ' an d 5) C h e g th e lo a d c a r r y in g c a p a c ity o f th e
a tio n o f
4 ! C a lc u ı . s
,
th e r o lle r
6 C h w
s e le c te
a jn
d c
le a d in g to b a c
h a in 6 ) C h e c k in g th e b e
.Ea i
Č iv e fa ilu r e s 1 ) W e a r b e tw e e n p n s a n
a r in g p ir e s s u r e in
d r o lle r s in c r e a s e s th e p itc h le n g th
k s lid in g (- tip p in g ) 2 ) W e a r o f s p r o c k e t te e th k » d is tr ib u te th e
ld b e o d d T h e n u n ıb e r o f c h a in lin k s
w e a r in a ll e e
w ill b e u s u a y
ll e v e n syE
t th s p r o c k e t tĹ o th n u m b e r s h o u
c o ld r o lle d m e d iu m c a r b o n s te e ls a n d a llo y s te e s
l
: C h a in m a te r ia ls 1 ) L in k p la te s
ngi
,
R C 2 ) P in s b u s h in g s a n d r o lle r s lo w c itr b o n s te e ls a n d
h a rd e n e d to 4 0 to 5 0 ,
5 0 to 6 0 R C
a llo y s te e ls c a s e h a r d e n e d to
,
nee
rin
g.n
e t
i t ' '

12 .
C LU TC H ES
f
a n d r e v e rs a l o f d ir e c tio n a r e re q u ir e d , as in th e c t c ve n ic re s , . Ac k
to o ls , a n d s im ila r e q u ip m e n ts
12 1 ıī yp e s
C lu tc ı
l m e th o d a
c lu tc h e s c a n b e c la s s ifie d b a s e d o n th e c o n tr o s (a
)
ıi d (c) e l t i l T he y c an al
d h so &
i c r c a
m e c an ca , ( ) p
h i l b t u c a n e
n e u m a c a n y r a
c la s s ifie d , b a s e d o n th e c o u p lin g m e tlıo d s

b y w h ic h th e c lu tc h e le m e n t
a re
!b ) f i i ( ) v e r r u n n in g , (d ) m
d a s , (a ) p o s i i t
t t t r c o n c o
e n ga ge v e c o n a c , , \ c tic
a n d (e ) H u id c o u p lin g
ww ı2 3 Pı
a te
In a
o r u tc h e s
D is c C ı
p la te c lu tc h th e to r q u e is tr a n s m
itte d b y fr ic tio n b e tw e e n o n e
or
w
m o r e p a ir s o f c o a x ia l a n n u la r p la te s m a in ta n e d n c o n ta c t
.Ea
i i b y a n a x ia l thr u s
B o th fa c e s o f e a c h p la te a r e n o r m a lly e ffe c tiv e s o th a t a s in g le p la te c lu tc h h a s
t
tw o p a ir s o f s u r fa c e s i n c o n ta c t A c a r c lu tc h c o n s is ts o f a s in g le p la te e ffe c tiv e
o n b o th s id e s F ig u r e 1 2 1 s h o w s th e s im p lifie d fo r m o f a s in g le
T he a x ia
syE p la te c lu tc h
l lo a d is a p p lie d b y m e a n s o f s p r in g s a n d th e c lu tc h p la te is
fr e e t o s lid o o n th e s p lin e d e n d o f th e s h a ft T h e r e ıs a k ic tio n lin in g o n e a c b
ngi
s id e o f th e p la te a n d th e to ta l a x ia l lo a d i5 tr a n s m it te d th r o u g h b o th p a ir (ıf
s u r fa c e s T h e v a lu e o f n o r m a l p r e s s u r e (a n d h e n c e a x ia l lo a d fo r a c lu tc h o f
nee
g iv e n d im e n s io n s ) is lim ite d b y th e r a te o f w e a r th a t c a n b e to le r a te d in th e
lin in g s
rin
g.n
e t
F IG 12 1 S IN G L E P LA T E C LU T C H
12 4 M u ltip le D is c C lu tc h
is c
H ig h e r to r q u e ca p a c ity can be o b ta in e d b y m e a i ıs o f m u ltip le d
c lu tc h e s (F ig 12 2 )

12 2 ,
Fı
G 12 2
Tho plıte
'
ww
ıa h o w a a S a r c uauaN s to e l a n d a r c in s e r te d o n th c a p lin e s o l s h e n
il a x iıl m o v c m c n l (e x c e p t fo r th c la ķ t d is e ) T h c p la te s tlh o w n a s B
( to pe rr ,
w
\l3 ,
w
ual\y b r o n z e a n d a r e in ó c r tc d in th c s p lin e s o f m e m b e r D
ıp F o n
D ııı sıu l*
.Ea
a
T
P
-
a x ia
syE
to r q u e c a p a c ity , N m
l fo N
ngi
- rc e ,
/ł - co e ffic ie n t «» f fr ia io n
. fr ic tio
H $)ne
ŝ( n r a d im - (1 2 2 )
e
-
(if th e co n ta c t p r e ssu re is a ssu m e

rin
d to b e u n ifo rm )
=
R o
+ R j
(if w ear is assu m e d u n ifo rm ) g.n (12 3 )
R
R
o
i
-
= o u
im id e
dc
ra
ra
d iu s
d im
o
o f c o n ta c t
f c o n ta c t
f sw
s u r fa c e s , m
a u r fa c e s , m
fa c e s in c o n ta c t
e t
bc r o f p a ir s o
t
tp - n u n ı
- m + n 1
i
o
ı
1
= łtııb c r o
n ı f d r iv in s p ıa te s
m 2 - n u m ber o f 卤肉陀 n p ł a le a
w he n a n t a ge p « a ıa r e
p ・
F 2» (1 2 5a )
.
p Ą (B . - R i)

自己
23
ı
- 2 rr p m in R .
(R .
R u (12 Sb
ıp tio n ) )
(fo r u n ifo m ıw e a r a s s u n
tb e lle s t ra d itıs M iııim u m p re ssu

(M a x im u m p r c ßs u r e ır s a t
o cc ı s n ıa re o
ccu
r s
a t th e la r g e s t r a d iu s )
12. )
h er cT = s traft tor q u e , N
m (
n - sp e e d o f r o ta tio ıı, r p n ı
ı2 F rı
e tlo ıM a
ı te r la lı fo r Cı
ııtc h e ı
A fr ia io n m a te r ia l s u Tta b le fo r c lu tc h e s s h o u ld p r o v id e a hi
gh
ic ie n t o f f r i a r e s is t s e iz in g o f th e n ıa tin g s u r fa c e s a n d h a v e a lo w W e
c o e f【
r a te to g ı ła r a iıte e a lo n g ıife
ww
w
p *a te s to Ħ o v id e
b y tb e r e d u c e d w .Ea
a ıı a
ear an
d e q u a te to r q u e c a p a c ity T h e s e d is a d v a n ta g e s
d in c r e a s e d h e a t d is s ip a tio n
a re o ffs e t
D ió c c lu
syE
tc h e s
b e d e s ig n e d to o p e r a te e ith e r ' d r )ť o r " w e t
A u to m o tiv e c lu tc h e s o f s in g le p la te \
c a 】ı
o p e r a te
"
d 17 ť a iıd n ıu ltip le disc
'
"
c lu tc h e s o p e r a te w e t
T a
ı
ı "
T h e o il s e r v e s a s a n efective c o o la n t
b le 12 1 p r o v id e s a p p r o x im ngi
a te d a ta fo r lı
se in d e s ig n c a lc u la tio n s
C
nee
T a b lje ı2 1
rin
o n ta c t ıu d a«e /ł A llo w a b le
p re s s u re
g.n
W e a r in g O p p o ıin g W c t D ıy
(fric tio n M Pa
m a te r ia li
M o u ld e d Sm
ir o n
o o th c a * t
o r l
0 06 0 09 0 25 0 45 1 03
e2 07
t
S in te r e d m e ta l )5
O I【 0 08 0 ß 0 45
.. 1 03 2 07
C o rk 0 ß 0 25 0 03 0 5 0 5 0 095
W o od 0 12 0 16 0 2 0 3 0 34 5 0 62
C a ıt im n O 09 0 06
, .. 0 15 0 25 0 69 1 72
haM a ec l
Į2 7 A p a r a m e te r in th e Č s ig n o f c lu tc h e s is th e to
ra tio o f in s id e ra d iu s
)cu ts id e r a d iu s T h c e o m m o w u óe d v a h e s i
r\
R i
- 0 4 5 R to R - O B R
o i .
23 . C on e C lııte h e s (1 2 3 )

12 4
sem i cm
o n g l*
Fo nte
ww
w .Ea
F IG
syE , 12 3 CO N E C LU TC H
hence a
If
-
a < 8 ° th e c lu tc h te n d s to g r a b
,
8 ° to 1 5 ° , is r e c o n ım e n d c d ngi (d i闭lc t? y in d is e n g a g in g ), i Ja d
T o rqu e ca p a c ity , T =
a lśl lh nee ĺ (fo r un ifo r m p re ss u re ) 0 2 7)
he re þit " . °L g
. . lı e rin
w .
g.n
-
F lt R (12 8 )
m
(fo r ifo r m )
e
T = u n w e ar
F =
s u ıa
a x ia
he re R
l fo r c e
m
-
-
pÆ
R o
(R
2
+
R
R
(fo r un ifo r m p re s8 u re ) (12 9 )

t
l r u e)
(fo r c e re q u ir e d to d e v e lo p th e fr ic tio tıa to q
(1 2 10 a )
p 2n (R . R j)
R i
(fo r u n ifo r m w e a r )
=
p (12 10 b )
R
n
ii
2 tr R R .
d
-
g a g e th e
. an co n e
cu p ,
fo r c e n e c e s s a r y to
en
12 9 M a x im a x ia l
. . u m
(1 2 1 1)
n o tio n b e tw een cu p an d
r e la tiv e r o ta r y ı
In d e r iv in g th is r e la tio n , n o
4
co n e is a s s m e d R e fe r to F ig u r e 1 2
s lid iııg tio
i8 d u c to th e ac n
c lu tc h
fo r c e c o n ı n en t ty c o ta irı th c co n e
po ıi? o f th e co n e
be tw e e n c o n l to tb c
e an d cu p p a r a lle

\z S ,
ww G
Fı 12 4
w
lı \ o .
In
Serd ce F ı«
.Ea
o r d e r to s tu t a
ı
ırs
o a d fr o m
ı re s t a n d acce k r a te it, u tc h s h o u
a cı ld h a v e
m o v e r to q ue o r
syE ıo ıd to q ue a re th e c lu tc h ld h a v e
sho u a ca p a c ity
g r e ・tc r
W
th t
to r cł
uq
ło m im l m
ı
T ]
ı =
u le to c o
T ngi
pe w ith th e l d
pe a k o a s
(12 12 )
w hcrc T - n o ın in a
s e r v itx
ıto r ￠ł
uc
fa c to r
nee
rin
-
T ıb k w D r h re r
■
C h ır a c u d s d c
g.n
F a c to r l k ı
1 )p e
s ￥s ł
em
o f d r i* itıı
dire«rcoupling
o r w b e lı ıp u b«
Pm
is
r k,
Fb r be ı
t u e ın ım i« io nı
t
w e d
Bı
e c tr ic m o üo r d ir e c tly
e c *r
c o a ıı d \o m im O L5 0 33
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细画
宇目阗験宇■ 阳宇民 b ı目* y d * i画民创良 ı6

月国如
12 6 .
T a bı
e ı
2 4 W . ew F a c to r , k
3
io" i0
lı N o 400 .. .
Ir n .0 0 0 14 00 18 00
rp ı
IŁ
-
e 12 S » r e q u e n c y
T n bı
'
. o f o p e r a tı
o n F a c to r k
, «
į B 16 32 48 % 24 0 480
ľ O Z 03 5 0 75 09 12 18 2 00
# ww
w .Ea
ą
-
2 ?r p m
Jr p
m lx
ax
R i (R
R i l« .
syE R
K i) 14
hl t
IT L
In p (a s s u m in g u n ifo rm w e ar )
A ss u m e m o u ld e d fr ic tio n m a te r ia l r u b b in g
ngi a g a irıs t s te e l
Pm
/l = 0 0 6
m
= 14 M P a - i4 N /n ım
2
nee (T a b le 1 2 ] )
R e p la c e T b y [T ] d e s ig n to r u e
, q rin (T a b le 1 2 1 )
3
[T ] = 1 r x 1 4 × 3 0 (5 0
C a lc u la te th e d e s i n to r u
g q
2 X )2 ) × 0 06 ×
\ = 1 2 66 0 5Snı
p
g.n
e
e
[T ]
=
=T
kl
kl
+
- 0 5
k2 + k3 +
(fo r e le c tr ic m o to r )
k4
(T a b le 12 2 )
t
k2 - 1 2 5 (fo r ıııa c h in e to o ls ) (T a b le 12 3 )
k3 - 0 3 8 (fo r i4 0 0 r p m ) (T a b le 12 4 )
k4 = 0 9 (a s s u n ıin g 4 8 e \ g e n ıe n w s h ift ) (T a b le 12 5 )
= 0 5 + 1 25 + 0 38 + 0 9 = 3 03
60 12 60
. « s öJ w n ı
2n X n 2 ?r X 14 0 0
LT ] = 3 03 T . 3 03 × 85 × 10 3 N ı
n m
4 so hre f
or t
tp an d n u m ber o f pı
a te s
3 03 X 8
5 × 10 3 12 6 6 0 5 ×
_
%
- 20 34 = 2 1 p a ir s o f fr ic tia a ł s a c e s
N Um hc r o f p la te s + 1 22
-
\ =

P*o bı
em 12 2
le a th e r fa c e d c o n ic a l c lu tc h h a s c o n e a n g e o f 3 0 ° T h e
A
b e tw e e n th e c o n ta c t s u r fa c e s is lin ıite d to 0 3 5 N /n ım z a iıd th e b r e a P e s sllr e
r
d t"h o f
c o n ic a l s u r fa c e is n o t to e x c e e d V 3 o f th e m e a n r a d iu s F in d t T the ĥ
o f tlıe c o n ta ď s m fa c e s to tr a n s m it 2 2 k w a t 2000 r p m A ls o . . -Ř °n
r e q u ir e d to e n
g a g e th e c lu tc h T a k e c o e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio n a s 0 1 5 "Ce '
N o m in a l to r q u e
P o w e r x 60 22 × 10 3 × 6 0
T = = 10 5 0 9 N m
2n x n 2n X 2 00 0
C a lc u la te d e s iæ to r q u e
ww A ssu m
[T ] =
e s e r v ic e fa c to r
W = 25 ×
l
10 5
=
=
2 5
262 5 N m
w [T ] =
卢
s ın a
.Ea
亀
(fo r u n ifo rm
a =
w e ar
15 ° (
se m i co n e a n g le )
(E q n 12 8)
syE R
F
n ı
-
=
2n P
(R o
+ R i) / 2
(R R i) R i (E q ° 1 2 10a )
ngi T
. " .
0 15 2 n x 0 35 (R
2 6 2 5 x 10 3 _
x
.
R uR
, R .
+
1
R ,
s in
nee
15 °
(R R HR i - 4 0 9 23 3
4 G e t latioŢbetween R .
rin
a ' d R
.
an
i an d su b s titu te in E q n (1 )
(F ig 12 3 )
1 g.n (2)
E q u a te (2 ) a n d (3 )
X
3 (g iv e n )
e 13)
t
s in a 6
0 2 588 6
6R 6 R - 0 2 5 8 8 R
. i + 0 2588 R
.
6 2 58 8 i
R o - R i - 1 0 94 R
s T4 2 i 旧
E q n (4 ) is s u b s titrıt
e d irı
2
(1 )
(1 0 9 4 R R
R i = 4 1 19 2 3 3

:! Ì =
12 8
fo re G (A x ia l fo r c e ) (E q n 12 10 a )
1 2 8 ) 12 8
2 rr X 0 3 5 (1
40
.
￡ 3 3 7 7 8 N T h is is th e fo r c e re q u ir e d to d e v e ı
o p th e fr ic tio n a l
oC
tď q d to g a s e th e c lu tc h
q u ir e
en
re
Fo r c e
& FP t a
F. - F + co
(E q n 12 n )
- 337 7 8 + 3 3 77 8 × 0 15 X co t b °
_ 52 6 8 7 N
m ı
eın 12 3
ww
w .Ea
1 A d a l fo r ic e
syE
F = JF p (R R
(fo r ifo
ngi )
(E q n 12 4 )
nee
u n n ıı p r e s s w c
- Jr x 0 1 (10 0 ? \ ) = 23 56 2 N
ı Ten
T
ue capacity
Fp R rin (E q n 12 1)
g.n
= n
f p
{o 3 o 3l
7
e t
- 23 5 6 2 × o ×
Ŝ { . '
= 9 16 3 0 N o u n
ı
Po w er c apa \ o f th e c h ttc h
q
x 50 0 ×
- 4795 3 w a us
气鳥
・e 自쇠뇨e 窿 fe r
自阻 심ヒ目眩细目
m a c h iı is ac ceı d to 500 {r o ın z e ro T o r q ııe

łe era e r pm
a a c e le r a Ic r
q T -
Đ r i? c r h e r a itio a
s a fi to « u e M M ıo f ııa c b in c x a q N a cc eı
ł - as$ ı
9 1 J6 3 = ıx a
a °
9 1 ra d /5 2

12 9
itıitia ] v e lo c ity O
::Ĥ
-
-
t h a t, . + a t, .
W e kn ow
- ("
.
,
«
ta k e n to
i
a tta in th a t v e lo c ty
50 0 × 20
. 9 1 63 X t
60
t = 0 57 1 se c
E n erw d ls s lp a tı
on
d b y th e ? iv e r d u r in g s lip
A ı
ıg le tu r n e
is a c c e le r a te d)
(d u r in g th e tim e th e d tiv e n
50 0 × 2n
01 = (u t = x 0 57 1 = 29 9 ra d ia n s
60
(d r iv e r ru n s a t un ifo r m a īıg u la r v e lo c ity )
ww A n g le tu
02
rn e d b y th e d r iv e n
Ŝ 2 0
w
= (u t + a t a) -
o o
.Ea =
1
2
a t
2
.
'
2
x 9 1 63 × 0 57 1
2
T h e r e is syE
an o th e r w a
-
y
14 9 5
o f fin d in g O z
ra d ia n s
ngi
・
S in ce th e n ıa c h in e a c c e le r a te s fr o m re st to 5 0 0 r p m in 0 5 7 1 se c,
į H Xne
,
,a d ia n s
E . er
w o rk
)s t
do n eri e b y th e to w o rk
.
do th e h in
ng.
-
m o r n e o n m a c e
- T (O i Oz) = 9 1 63 (2 9 9 14 9 5 ) = 13 6 9 8 6 N m
E
W
n e rgy su
A lte r n
o rk d o n
a
p p lie d to th e
tiv e ly ,
e b y th e m o to
m
r
a c h in e
- T 0i -
- T0
9 1 63
2
-
×
9 1 6 3 × 14 9 5
29 9 = 2 7 39 7 N
=
m
net
136 9 9 N m
K E ac q u ir e d b y th e m a c h in e
E n e r gy ı
o st 2 7 39 7
=
ßT0 8 = 13 6 9 N m

12 10
H ig h ı
ig h ts 12
C lu tc h is a co u p lin g th a t p e r m its th e
sm o o th c o nn e c tio n an d d is c o n
o p e r a to r s
'
w ill n ec tio n o f tw o
c lu tc h e s are in d is p e n sa b le in th e c as e o f v e h ic le s
, n ıa c h in e to ls
o an d s im ila r
3 C la s s ific a tio n (a c c o r d in g to c o n tr o l): a ) m ec h a n ic a l b
) pn e m a tic an d h y d r a u lic
C la s s ific a tio n (a c c o rd in g to th e c o u
p ljn g b e tw een c lu tc h e le n ıe n ts ) a ) p o s itiv e
4 C lu tc h e s a re u su a lly d e s i n e d
g o n th e b a s is f
o u n ifo r m w e ar
5 F r ic tio n m a te r ia ls fo r c lu tc h e s sho u ld p r o v id e
w e a r r a te to te
a ) h ig h co e ffic ie n t f ffic ū o
gu aran e a lo n g life
o n b ) lo w
6 D r y c lu tc h : F T ic tio
7
ww d iffic u lt
W t c lu tc h : T
n
d is s ip a te
an d to r nq un e c a p a c ity ar e h ig h b u t h e a t d is s i ti
p a o n is n ıo r e
w
e o th e
h e a L a lu b r ic
a n t is
co e tftc ie n t o f fr ic tio n d th e to r u e c p r o v id e d T h is R e d u c e s th
.Ea
an e
q a r r y in
ber f g c a p a c ity T o c o m e n s a t f
n um o c lu tc h p la te p e o T rh is
s c an b e u s e d (m u lti l :ł
p e d is c c lu tc h )
8 C c lu tc h If th e
syE
ü n e : ic o g le
se m n e an ,
a ,
is le ss th a n 8 °
th e r e is d iffic
d is e n g a g in g H , İ y
ıı t
e n c e a = 8 ° to 15 °
9 S e r v ic e ra c to r : T h e n o m in l to r q u is
ngi
a e m u ltip lie d b y a se rv ic e fa c to r to o b ta in th ł
d e s ig n tu r q u e
T o s ta r t a lo a d fr o
nee
m re s t d
it w ith o u t s li
a n a c c e le r a te
p tl] e c lu tc h s h o u ld h a v e ,
g r e a te r to r q u e c a r r y in
g c a p a c ity th a n th e n o m in a l to r q u e A ls o if th e t
o rqu e ,
tr a n s m itte d is o f v a r y in g n a tu r e in o r d e r to tr a n s m it th e k
rin
p ae , to r q u e a M g h e r ,
to r q u e c a pac ity is r e a u ir e d
10 D e s ig n f c lu tc h r e q u ir e s 1 ) th e
g.n
o c aı
c u la tio n o f th e d im e n s io n s f ttıe d is c 2 ) th e
o
n um be r o f d is c s in th e c a s e o f m lttp le d is c c lu tc h a iıd 3)
u c la m p in g fo rc e
e
1ı L s in
ar ge , gı
e p la te an d co n e c lu tc he s ar e u se d in fo u r w h e e le r s w h e re su ffic ie n t
ra
(e g
d ia l sp a c e
sc o o te r) w
is av a iı
a b le
h e r e th e r e is lim ita tio

Sm a ı
l multipleisc
n o n ra d ia l
c lu tc h e s
sp a c e
are u se d in tw o w h e e le r s
t

ţ
ı3 .
BRAK Es
]3 2 . ,
B a se d o n th c a c tu a tin g s y* te n m th e b r a ke s a r e c ıa « s ifie d
In to
h y d r a u lic b r a k e , (b ) e le c tr ic b r a k e an d (c ) m ec a n c a l br a ke
h i (a )
13 3 .
M e c h a n lc a ıB r a ı
ĺe e
a ) C a lip e r d ió c b r a k e b b lo c k b r a k e , (c ) b a n d b r a k e ,
, ( ) (d ) b lo c k an d ba ird
b r a k e a n d (e ) e x te r n a l a n d in te r n a l ıh o e b r a k e a
ww
13 4 . C a p e r D lıc B r a lū e
lı
T h is b r a k e i6 c a p a b le o f a lıig h to r q u e c a p a c ity in a s m a ll s a c
bc
w c a $ ily c o n tr o lle d T h c h e a t c a n b c d iM ip a tc d r q id l
.Ea
a b o v e r c a s í ] n s d is c b r a k e s fin d w i? * r e a d w
p
y M e c
p e a n d c an
h a n ic a l 自白
(r e d u c tio n in fr ia io n c o e ffic ie n t a t e le v a te d te m p e r a tu r e ) is a b s e n t F o r th
in fr o n t a x le s o l p a s s e n e r
e
g c ar s
w h e e l r im c o m titu te s lh c d is c syE
a n d m o to r c y c le s B ic y c le b r a k e s a r c th c b e s t k n o w n e x a m
p l s in w ĥ c h the
13 3
re spe c
. P ig u r e s 1 3 1
tiv e ly
an d 13 2 ıh o w
ngi
th c c h a r a ıc te r is tic s o f d iıc an d d r u m b r a ke s
F r ia io lı tiııh ıg o n tb e p a d ı c o n ta u ı o ııl a * m a ll
y
le a v in g th e r e m a in Č r e x p o ıe d to d iııi a tc h e a t In th e
p nee of th e d is c s u r fa c e
c a s e o f Č u lı ıb r a ke s
th e h e a t d h s ip a io n a r e a is m u c h ım a lî a s * h o c s fr ia i
Č u m o v e r a la r g e a r e a
( o
rin
n lin in g ) c o n ta a the
13 6 .
br a k e s
.T h c to r q u e c a p a c ity u ıd c ıa m p in g fo r c e r e u ir c m
b e d e te m ıin e d u s in g fo r m iłı
q
a i s im ila r to th o ls c
g.n ts o
c ıı f
f d is c
c a li\
tc h e s
c hı
d is c
e
o
ı3 7
a
w n e rc
.
) K in e tic
Sou rces o
c rgy o
e iı
r E rı￠r a y to b ￠ A b ıo r b e d
f tr a ııs la tio
io c ity a t th e lin ıe
ł
ı -
2
ļ
M v2 t
v w o f a p p *y in g th e b r a k e
-
,
b ) K in e tic ı 2
eł
ıe rgy o f r o ta tio n = lu
c ) P o te n tia l e n e rgy - ł
łfr , ( Weig x v e r tic a l d is ıa n ce )
ı3 3 H æ t Gıe r ı￠e d b B irı\h eı is or
e q u a l to tlıe e n erg y a b s o r be d (
p o te n tia l) It i吕 a ls o
g iv e n
H - fr ia io lı fo r c e x b b in g
吕 ru v e lo c it
y
- P × V -
/￠R .
V . *p A V
ı w H ts
(d
Þ = c o e ffic ie ı
tł o f fr ia io tı
P -
A -
a«e rqge
p n e s * u r q N lm
2
A .

13 2
a po r« m ın o t\ d ın c \
}q # } t e
N o rm q l to ￠rc e
ww « P o s ￠d to d ıs s ıp o te h e a t
w F IG 13 1
.Ea
D IS C BR A KE
H ￠o t * «ł) o n s ıo n 36 0
syE ・
ngi Æi .. I io n
nee
rin
g.n
*
e t
H ıa d is s * o tio n 360
Fe d e e tı
* c t O u * *e 41» N o t d p o t i o n fr o m th e n » i« lıp s u ń o c e
i
o ￠ th * d ru m S łb o e s e th e d is s ip a tio n
回国口
(2 » H l * ı II lm l t * d
ı to ad
ıı io l d it e c tn n
e e
R G 13 2 DR U M B R A KE
H B a s e d o n th c te s t r e s u lt s
eat Be n e r a tc d de pe n ds o n p ro d u c t p v
d
im itin g v a lu e s o f p v h a v e b e e n o b ta in e d T h e y a r e
*
em p ir ic a l ı
P t sw c d in T a b k 1 3 ı

13 3
T * « 13 1
bı .
( »w a t m g c o n đıt ı
m &
1 o5
C o n tï n u u u s s c n r c e po o r b * * t ￠W t ı\ m
, 2 1
1 o
it \ n t \ı ıt h
d is s iı
w ł a & ın
ľ o n t in u o u & sc M ￠ w rd
w
13 9
li ı a n d d is s ip a ı
k in e tic a ııd p ( \ tc n a )
.
c s th
b r a k e a N m b łi e n e r 9 / (
A t h a i d e s t r o y (b u r n ) b
e
h i h a t u r e s r a ke
r e s u lt in p h e a l w t t
i h w t dcwlopin g l c m pc r
ty t a n tx in c r e a s e d h y (a ) in c r e a s in g lhc
lf H d i i tio n ca N ci
its e e a t s s p a
\ ) in c r e a s in g t c
h a ir n o w p a s t th e s
ltn s (ł
s b ! p n tv iu n g
i e
c x Ħ ì s e d s u r fa c e a r c a
,
i t it ) n o f lh e r o a
t tin g p a r ts a n d b
i \
b in c r e a s in g th c a r p p g a s in th c m a s s a n d s p e c ific h e a ı yi
u m n a
s u r fa c e s ,
t r ic tio n s a n d (c
i in c r e g o
r e m o v in g a ir n o w r e s h h
i h f i t io n s u r fa c e s s o t a i e a t s to r
im m c u ia te c o n ta c t w t r c a ge
p ır ts t h a t a r e in
c ity is in c r e a s e d
w
ww T h c b a s ic h e a t d is s ip a tio n c q u a t \
i m is
(13 2 )
h e H
w wer
H d - C A r A t w a tts
lim e r a te o f h e a t d is s ip a t o n
c
d
=
-
o ve ra
i W
.Ea
ll h e a t tr a n s fe r co e ftic ic n t W /(m
2 K
,
,
)
-
=
2 9 5 fo
e \
syE
e
r At
d he a t
= 4 0 °C an
d is s ip a tin g
d in c re a se s u p lto 4 4 fo
(r a d ia lin g ) s u r fa c e
r A t
a re a
=
,
2 0 0PC
n ı
2
A t = t
s
t
a
tu r e o
ngi
f h e a t d is s ip a tin g sw fa c °
C
nee
ts - a ve rage te m pe ra
t - A ın b ic n t te m p e r a tu re ,
°
C
.
it p r e s s u r e b e tw e e n t h c b r a k i彆
ı3 ı&
sı
B ra d e p e n ds
ı
ır fa c c Ļ t h e c o e flic ie n t o f fr ic tio n
g C
ĺ irı a p a c iw
an
u po n u n
rin
d a b ility to d is s ip a te h e a t e q u iv a le n t to
th c e n e r g y b e in g a b s o r b e d
13 1 1 B r a k e ıi 皿 in g M a te r ia ls g.n
a ) sh o u M g h c o e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio
ld h a w
r e s u p to 3 00 C
a t te n ıp c r a t tł
M g h h e a t c o n d u a iv ity
°
s h o u ld h a w
n (b ) s h o u ld
r e s is ta n c e to
re ta in
e
b r a k in g c a p a c ity
fa d e , (c ) s h o u ld h a v e
t
So m e p e r m is s ib le a v e ra ge v a lu e s fo r o p e r a tin g te m p e r a tu r e s ,
co e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tim , a n d m a x im um p r e ssu re fo r b r a k e m a te r ia ls a r e g iv e n in

T a b le 1 3 2
T a b le 13 2
M a te r ia l M ax T e w ,
°
C lt pm aĄ N /m m
M e ta l o n m c ta ı 3 15 0 25 14
W o o d o n m e ta l 65 0 25 0 48
Le a th e r o n m e ta l 65 0 35 0 17
F ib r e o n m e ta l 15 0 0 17 ľ 0 T7
A s b e s t«ts o n m e ta l in o iı 26 0 04 0 34
S in te re d m e ta ıo n ca s t iro n in o iı 26 0 0 15 2 8
A s b e s to s b ra k e lin in g w ıt h in te r w o ve n
b ra s s w ir e s o n m e ta ı
k
-

.
13 4
C o n s tm tı
o n D e ta lı
13 12
c
e o f B lo c k B
ra ke
i s th e s u r fa c e o f th e r o ta tin
a ga n ! g c y lin d e r ca lle d b r a k e d r
i r ig id ly m o u n te d to a p iv o t e d ı u m T h c b lo c k m a
c vc r B lo c k (s h o e i y
) s m a d e o f c a s t ir n n
sc r e w s
B ra k e le v e r is of fo r g e d o r
c a s t s te e l
B ra ke d r u m is o f c a s t ir
o n W id th o f th e d
th a n th c w id th o f th e s h s h o u ld b c 5 to 10
ru m
gre a te
r m m
oe
13 13 F o r c e A n a ı ys ıs ln D r u m B r a k e w ith E x
te r n a l S h o e
F ig u r e 1 3 3 s h o w s th c s h
c e m a tic r
e p r e s e n ta tio n
o f th e b r a k e a s s
e m b ly
h
t a t c o n ta c ts o n ly a s m a ll s e m e t a sho e
g n o f th e d r u m
p e r ip h e r y is u s e d
ww ,
w .Ea ire c t ió n o f B ke
syE ro ta t io n
ra a sse m b ly
ngi A h (b ) S h o e o n d le v e r
nee o s o fre e bo d y
rin
PR n In
lo o d
e r tio ıa n d I o
to n u e T
r
g.n
e
,
(c ) D r m as o fr e e bo d y
t
(d ) L e v e r p r o p o r tio n s
fo r o seł
f ı
o c k in g
b r cık e
P = A p p lie d f
łbo r c e
Rn = N o rm a il re a c tio n
F Fiction fo
=
yR n = rc e
Oh O a Ħn eo
￠ đ io n s a O
y
,
A h A = Ħn re f io n s oE A
y
' '
R G 13 3 SH Æ a N IM eR A ı
TE

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

13 6
s in (0 / 2 )
(1 3 4 ) I
0 + s in e
= ,
pe
O is th e a n g le o fco n ta c t in ra d ia i ıs an d II is th e a c tu a lco ffic ie n t
w be re e
Lonshoe in t e r n a ı d n ın ı b r a k e s a r e u s e d in tr u c k s T h e s h o e s a r e
te d to c o n t a c t th e in s id e su f
r a c e o f th e d r u m b y h y d r a u lic o r a ir p r e s s tır e
a đu a
ww
pr o b ı e ın 1 3 1
In th e b lo c k b r a k e s h o w r ı in F ig u r e 1 3 5 th e b lo c k is n
i
e ffic ie n t o f fr ic t o n 0 2 T h e b r a k in g t o r q u e is 4 0 0 N
ıa d e o f c a s t ir o n
n ı C a lc u la t e tl .
w
w ith a c o
fo r c e p a ııd th e p o s o
山a m e te r o f th e b r a k e
iti n o f th e p iv io t s o a s to m a k e th e b r a k e
? u n ı is 4 0 0 m m
.Ea
s e lf lo c k in g T h e
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
1 I'o fm d P ta k e m o m en t a
G
Fı
bo u t A
13 5
e t
,
(P × 860) + (F × 50 ) = R x 160 (1 )
.
B rak in g t o r q u e - F x r - 400 N m
F r ic tio n fo r c e - F = 40 0 / 0 2 = 2 00 0 N
B U t, F =
H R n
R -
Fjt = 2 0 0 0 /0 2 = 10 0 0 0 N
.
E q u a tio n (1 ) is r e w r itte n a s
(P x 8 6 0 ) + (2 0 0 0 × 5 0 ) = 10 0 0 0 × 16 0
P _ 17 44 2 N
2 W h e n th e b r a k i th e a p p lie d fo P o, ie
e s n ıa d e t o b e se lf locki rce -
,
th e r e i
t th e d o f th e le v e r
p p ly a iıy fo r c e
s I ıo n e e d to a a e n
Fa = R x 16 0
(2 )
n
20 0 0 x a - 10 00 0 × 16 0
a - 800 m
・Ę
C a lc u la te th e a v e ra ge b e a r in g p r e s s u r e an d th e in itia l
an d
dru n
dr u n
ı is
ıw
4o o m m
id th is 7 5
a iıd
m m
it ro ta te s a t 2 o o r p m c o e ffic ie n t o f
fri $ o n is 02
an d
P = 4 50 0 N
n
2 O
ww
w
20 0 田田
.Ea F IG 1 3 6
1 A
A
vera ge p r e s s u
p r o je c te d
syE re p - R "
n
f th e lo c k
ngi
_
a re a o
- b (r s in 45 °
) x 2 - T5 x (4 0 0 /2 ) × 0 70 7 x 2
-
T o
2 1 2 10
o b ta in
m iıı
\
2
ta k e m o m e n ts a b o t
u 0
b
nee
= W id th o f b lo c k - W id th o f dru m
rin
,
P X 440 R X 200
(T h e r e
-
is n
4 50 0 X 4 4 0 R r o c o n tr ib u tio n fr o m F a s il
g.n
X 2 00 th r o
n p a sse s u gh 0 )
R = 9900 N
n
N
2 B r a k in P o w
g
B
O
ra
W , P -
er
k in g to r q u e
9 9 0 0 / 2 1 2 10
= Fr =
=
lt
0 4 6 7 N /n
R
ım
2
e t
e ı
ı
r
(E q n 13 3)
4t s in to / ? )
批C =
O + s in O 13 4)
(E q n
合一 90 ° 一 1 57 d ia n
ra s
4 × 0 2 X s in 4$ 卢一 0 2 ł
5 7 + s in 9 qp = 0 22 1 i
n ra ıu ııg to r u e
q Õ =
x 9 9 00 x 0 2 _ 4 3 5 82 N
In itia l B r a k in m
g po w e r B k in g to r u e f tb e
_
ra
q x v e lo c ity o
d r u ııı
- 4 3 5 82 x 2 0 0 × 2 tr
A ųe \ P
.
:
:
ı
13 8
A n g le su b te n d e d b y ea ch b lo c k = 90°
e te r o f th e b r a k e d r u m 220
D ia Jm
-
m m
i h
T h e s c r e w h a s s x s q u a e t r e a d s w ith a n ıe a n d ia m e te r o f 2 5
r
n d
A l l l t t h b b d 2
ww
ic h o f 1 o ın m s o c a c u a e e p o w e r a s o r e per m m if p v 1 1o o =
apt l l
d th r a d i a o a d o n th e b e a r in s
Js e g
(kp a ) n
a n
N o te T h e e s l ft h i l f i i
e r g z n g b e c a u s e F a id s to th e a
p p lic a t io n
o e s s e e n
o fb r a
o fb t a
w
ke T e g
ke
h r i h t s h o e is d e
.Ea
e
R e la tio n b e tw e e n F , & R n r a n d F ı& Ļ ı

n e r g iz in g, b e c a u s e F
r
l
h
o p p o s e s t e a p p lic a tio n
syE
/t = ngi 0 25 e = /2
= F /0 28 -
4 x 0 2 5 x s in 4 5 °
38 / 2 + s in 90°nee = 0 28
R n r
-
S im ila r ly R
3 57 F r
3 5T F 1 rin
g.n
-
n l
R e la tio n B e tw een Q & F ,
a n d Q & Fı
C
Q
Q
o n s id e r in
×
2a +
260 +
g L H
F 1(R
yo ke
b) =
F , (1 1 0 - 8 0 )
an
R
d ta k in g
=
l X
R
a
n ı
X
m o m
13 0
en ts a b o u t p iv o t,
e t

13 9
R H Th m d
L H Th ra a d
ww
w .Ea
syE
F IG 13 7 ngi
o
nee
二̃g.ne
rin
87 o
t
3】 X.
G 0 7b
队
置 Fı
げ
し
'

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

'Ħ
13 12
ám u m
b e a r in g p r e s s
r, an d lıe n c e
\ l w iı
l be u se d in c a lc u la tin
s th e
ï aa) h
R te d
.
are a o f t e sh o e - A _ 2r s in (0 /2 ) × b
i Æ» ı
- 2 X 150 s in 45° X b
- 2 1 2 13 b 2
m ın
32 12 15 1 4
u rıit b e a r in g p r e ssu re - .
_
N /m 2
P
・
A 2 12 13b m
6 2
-
X 10 N /m
× 300 名
冗 × 10
V ru u u リ且ら " " "
_J 一
=
60 - 11 3 m / s
60
6
15 14 × 10
PV =
b
X 11 3
pv 1 10 0 (k p a )n cıls (g iv e n )
ww
=
6
15 1 4 × 10 x 11 3
- 1 100 0 0 0 b = 155 5 m m
b ,
13 18
.
w
T i o n o f R
R e fe r to F iġ u r e 1 3 9 T h e r e s u lt a n t
ıe tr ic a l e le m e n t s a c ts a b o v e t h e d r u m
sym iı
e su
.Ea
lta n t F r ic tio n F o rce
o f fr ic tio
s u r fa c e
n fo rc e s a c tin g o n a n y tw o
syE
( d Rn
p pd ngi s ho e
nee
◆
2
rin
VD R n
g.n
d R n
N o
e rm a l fo r c e t
/ u d R n F r ic t io n fo rc e
/
\ /
Fı
G ・ 13 9 R E S U LT A N T F R ı C T IO N F O R C E V E C 7 0 R S
L L U S T R A Tï N G W H Y
' » f
ı f

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

0 14
ガn g
ww ĦG 13 m A U T O M O T IV E T Y 户巨 D 只じM B R A KE
132 1
w T o r qu e C a pa .Ea
c iw C
( IN T E R N A L
a lc u la tio n
SHOE S )
į syE
T o ta l e n e rgy to Be a b s o r b e d is
E -
įM + . ' + Þ× fr o
para 7 m
,
o f its a p p lic a tio n (d u r in g th e tim e o

f b r a k in g )
ıe b r a 】
T h is e n e r g y is e q u a te d to th e w o r k d o n e b y tı ￡
ngi
e d u r in g th e tim e
E t
- T Õ
nee (ß B )
w
ü
he re
= an e th r o
gı u gh w h ic h b r a k e w h e e l tu s
r ıı
rin
d u r in g tim e Ļ ra d ia n s
g.n
e t
ţ Ŝ￠
p in
W H H TW O H YD R A U U C
T IV E BRAKE
G
Fı 13 U・
A U TO M O
UNDERS

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

13 16
B r a lw D
tio n o f m m
Se le c
4 3 c a n b e u s e d to
T a b le 1 3 s e le c t th
,
w id t
b
e pre \ br a ke d
jıd n tm a a m ,e te
a ı d ia m e te r
B r a k e d n ıı
ı r
_ 5 00 m m
D r u n ıw
id th _ 16 0 ıı
ııı
ı
a tio n
ı f P e r m is s ib le B
ia
o
e a r in
g pï e s s tu e
an d seł
ee ü o n
o r u r d w e
n
p e fe r r in g to T a b le 1 3 1 , assu m in g in te m itte n
ı t s e r v ic e
tio n w e ta e
k a ııd
dissipa , p o o r he a t
pv
= 2 10 0 (k p a ) (m /s )
R uD0m g V C ıU Ļ L ı y V =
_
リリハ且ソ且
60 60 D _ 0 5 n ı
0 499
ww
=
m /s
" = 19 1 r m
P (p e r m is s ib le )
-
2100000 p
2 1 0 0 0 0 0 /0 W N /m 2
w
-
2
=
.Ea
4 2 N /m ıı
T a bı
e 13 3
pm
m o to r,
« r o f th c
kw syE D
d ia
B ra
m e te r
ke d ru m
m m
B
w
B ra
id th
k e d ru
n ım
m
ngi
,
7 36 16 0
50
1104 2 00 65
14 72
25T6
25 0
320 nee 80
ı0 0
44 16
13 6
400
500
125
16 0 rin
1104
IM U
630
8 00
2 目0
2 50 g.n
1
N ow
. N/ m2
w e s e le c t c a s t
f
ro m
ir o n b r a k e m a te r ia l w it h p e m ıis s ib le p r e s s u r e p ın a x
T a b l e 1 3 . . r o n ı t he s t ai ıd po i tıt o f he a t d i ss i pa t ioĄ the
e ,
t
6 C a lc u ı B e a r lrıg P r e s s u are
a d o n o f In d u c ed
In d u c e d b e a r in R n"
g p re ss u r e p
-
"

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

13 18
ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t
F lG 13 1 3

k H $Æ
2 ,
Lı n k 4 il\ u tw o fo r c e m e m b e r , i e , th e m c m b
ıln k « a ıTh e e n d s u tūin g p in s a n d th e r e i5 n o lo a d
\h e c t ın n e t titm s T h e r e fo r e th e p in r e a c tio n s a t
-
aı tm 8 ı h c a x is o l th c ı in k H e n c e lin k 4 i8 a ls o ,
P 18 ı 3 3 c d e p ic l» th c a c tio n o f th e fo r c e s
H «
aı H 54
- H 45 - 4P
3 .
L In k 3
o n th e le ft p p lie d fo r c e is H 4 3 (e q u a l a n d o
sh o e (y o k e ) th e ,
a
to H 3 4 ) p in r e a c tiu n ĥ a t o r c V 3 a n d H 1 3 N o r m ái l fo r c e o n th p p o s ite
ą 1
H 6 3 a n d th c fr ic tio n fo r c e is V 6 3 - /' e H 6 3 - 0 2 8 H 6 3
e sĥ o
e y 1
(/i . - 0 28 fr o m P r o b le m 13 3 )
T k in g ts a b o u t «) 13 g iv e s ,
ww
a m o m en
H 43
X 0 35 + V
,
63
X (0 12 5 0 04 ) = H 6 3 X 0 15
4 P × 0 35 + 0 28 H 6 3 X 0 0 85 H 63 X 0 15
w
=
1 4 P ・ 0 15 H 6 3 0 02 38 H 63 -
H 63 -
.Ea
1 1 1P
0 12 6 H 63
n g th c
A p p lyß
V 13 -
e
syE
q u a tio n s o f s ta tic
V 63 - 0 28 H 63 -
e q u ilib r iu m w e g e t
0 2 8 × 1 1 1P 3 1 1P =
4 Kı
H 13
n k 2
= H 63
H 43 = 1 1 1P
ngi
4P = 7 1P
nee
.
P in re a c tio n s fr o m 5 H 52 a n d V 52
a re
P in tio fr o 0 1 2 a r e H 2 a i ıd V
rin
re a c n s m
1 12
N o rm a l fo r c e o n R H s h o e is H 62 a n d fr ic tio n fo r c e is V 62
V 62
V 52
=
=
/' e H 6 2
V 25
-
P
0 28 H
an d H
62
H 25 4P g.n
e
- - -
52
T a k iııg
H 52 X
1 2P =
b o u t 0 12
m o m e n ts a
0 3 = V 5 2 X (0 0 6 0 0 4 )
0 0 2 P + 0 1 5 H 62 + 0 2 8
+
×
H 62 X 0 15 +
H 62 X 0 0 8 5
V 6 2 X 0 08 5 t
H 62 = 6 8P
V 62 = 0 28 × 6 8P = 1 9P
0
y in g
A ppı c q u a tio ru i o f s ta tic e q u ilib r iw w e o b ta in th e p h ı r e a c tio n s at 12
H tž
H 62 H 52 Æ - 6 8P 4P = 2 8P
V 12
= V S2 + V 62 - P + 1 9P = 2 9P
1 .
Caı adm
cuı ıd
of P a ı o th e r P in R e a c tio n s
D
» r a iu n g w r q ıı
c -
6 3 + v
62l
2
- 18 0 N nı (g iv e n )
P - 287 4 N

28 7 4 N ,
is u se d
rm u ı
ta n t re a a io n at e a c h p in h a s to b e
ż ıx = b X b r a k in g la r g e to r q u e s
, a re u se d fo
F i n 1 4 ) «x )n s is ts o f a s te e l b a iıd to w h ic h b r a k e lin in g
r
ww A b a r d bra ke ( g
O n c m d o f t h e b a n d is a tta c h e d to th e ħılc r u n ı a n d th e o tlıe r is
w.E
asy
E ngi
nee
rin
g.n
Fı
G 13 * B A N D BR A KE
b a iıd
e ill h a v e
t
Fo r th e k w is e r o t
c lo c o f th e d n ın ı th e le ft s i? w
gtu er tc n s io ıı t h a n th c r ig h t s id e b a iıd (th e b a n d th a t is d r a w ı

ı w ill h a v e
glle u cr tc ııs io n )
R * tio o f te i ıs io ıts = - e
P e
' (1 3 10 )
T 2
eq u ilib r iw th e s u m o f th c on « »
n ı ï s a b o t ıt th c ħılc n ı
m sho u d be
ı z e ro
Pe P c
- T lb T -
2 ï
u sni g r a łio o f tc n s io ıķ T - T e p o _ E e p e
ı z b
T O r o ııe o n th e e (ß 11)
d n łm is T = (T ı T z )r
w h e re r =
ra d iu s o f th e d r u m
flo r T ı秘 ı
d T2 、
w e get
了。
e 卢每 r ・臣で (e 卢香日
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也
13 2 1
P = . R c o c l k w is e ro ta tio n
(13 I2 )
X
C lo c
13 2 3
a s s is ts du c e s th e lo a d to b e p p lie d
in a p p ly in g th e b r a k e i e ,
re a a t th e
en d of
h e le v e r
ww d ia g n a m o lU ìe ı
e ve r
w .Ea
syE
F IG 13 15 F FE R E N Tı
Dı A L
ngi bAND BR A KE
T a k in g m o m en ts a b o u t ħd c n w
nee
Pc + T 1a
T 2b = 0 P =
T2y rin 0 3 14 )
W e fin d th a t th e p r e s e n ce o fT 1a
in th e ex p r e s s io g.n
n fo r P (E q n 1 3 14 ),
re du c e s th e v a lu e o
P u t T 1 -
T 2 b
T
fP
2e
/4 0 in E n 1 3 1 4
q
T2elt T 2
e t
p =
(b _ e lt q) (1 3 ń )
If e lt o a 2 b, t B k be
. ra e " " If lo c k in g fo r c lo c k w ńs e r o ta tio n o
f
th e w he e l
W D e n th e d ir e c tio n o f ro ttio n is r e v e rs e ￠ r e fe r r in g to F ig 16 , w e
have,
P c + T 2￠ = T b; P
1
= (1 3 16)
U s in g T - T2 e p 0 w e w r ite
1 ,
lło b
T 1b T 2a T2 (e )
(13 17)
a
p = _
C C
ll b > a ,
to l c kw
ise
th e Ą e l b > a ,
a iıd th e b r a k e is n e v e r se lf ı g fo
o c k iıı r a i ıtic o
ro ta tio n

區。
13 2 2
F re e b o dy d ia g ra m o f tt w ı
e ve r
Fı
G 1 3 16
39 T h e r e fo r e th is typ e o f b a ııd b r a k e m a y b e u s e d to a d v m ta g e in a
ı
d iffe r e n tia l b a n d b r a k e ) w h e r e th e b r a k e c a n ı
»e m ıit r o ta tio n o f
ħa c ks to p (a
'
a sh a
lt in o n e d ir e c tio n b u t p r e v e n t b a c k w a r d r o ta tio n U s in g th e s e b r a k e s in
pre v e ww
in c lin e d c o
n te d
n v e yo r s , b a c kw a r d ıııo t io n , in c a se o f p o w e r fa ilu r e c a iı b e
133 5
wB a n d W Id th
T hc
pm
m a x im u m
- T ı/B r
a n d T b łc e a s C
.Ea
b c a r in s p r e s s w
w he re
e
a lc u
b e tw
ı
a t io
ee n
tıs
b a ııd m a u n
(1 3 18 )
syE
ax
T ]
ー t ig h t s iĐ tc n s k »n
B = w id t h o f th c b a n d
T a b le 1 3 4 B iv c s s a fe
r = ra
b c a r in 8 p r e
d iu s o f th c d n
ngi m
in N /ııım 2
nee
ss u r e *
2
T m 13 1 [p ] N ,
n u n
M u c rw b a f tlıc ru b b im m r ta c e s
rin
g.n
-
H -
e t
tm ı ıo 0 3 0 4
d 1 3 ı1
M a R ia m tig h t s id e te n s io n is Đ * iııc d u s in g E q ıła tio n s U IO a n
lr d u c e d m a x im m tc ııs ilc s 【r e s s in th e d ııc Io tis b t ıid c te a r io ııT ] '
ną *
w hc rc t = O f th e br d
- 3 to ıo m
o r
◆ D w h e re D = d iım e r o ￠ı
eı æ a m m
,
P e r m is s ib ı b
ı s te e lb m d =
la ıl = 5 0 to 8 0
e tc tas ik su t s i
U$i Bt
s fo t ıB i ,
6
N u ei
n ie d
c d ıı
iıc a ı c h e d a g ıi« lp lg im
\ *w
s E\ 1 3 1 & p ı= «
崤飞嘲 -
ı3 4

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13 2 4
0 0 + 5 0 7 6 5 × 4 0 - 13 8 7 6 5
p X 15 × 2 00
2 N
p - 48 0
6 D n t T yp e s o f B a n d B r a k e s
133
.
k e s h o w ıı in F ig 13 1 7 , th e d ir e c tio n o f r t ti
F o f th e b r a o a o n o f th e ù u m
a t he ba n d an c h o r e d to the f ra ıne ha s t he tigb t si de t en s i on T1 h is
nc b
t b t
.
t h a v e s e ll e n e r g iz in g p r o ti
do e n o p e r e s
1 8 h i p l t a y b a i ıd b r a k e
f lg 1 3
ı
s o w s a s n ı e w o w T h is b r a k e fu n c tio n s
ll f o r e ith e r d ir e c tio n o f r o ta tio n
( e v a lu e o f p is s a ıııe fo r b o th
th
a lly
w e
e qu
h th e n ıo n ıe n t a r n ıs o f tig h t a i ıd s la c k te n s i
)s ıc e o n s a re e u a lq
se s
ww
w .Ea P
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t
t
Fı
G 13ı 1180 F IG 13 19
P ig B 1 9 s h o w s T h is h a s s e lf e n e r g iz in g
a d ifr c r e n tia l b a n d b r a k e
Pr o p e r ū e s
a n d n ıa
y b e d e s ig n e d to b e s e lf lo c k in g T ııe d iffe r e n tia l b r a k e is
u su a 】
1y đe s i n d
g e s o th a t th e d ir e c tio n o f d n ım r o ta tio n p e r n ıits th e tig b t s id e
ct th e ba】
ıdä th e a p p lic a ūo n o f th e b r a k e
:H
°n d Bı
ock B ra lĺ e (F ig 1 3 2 0 ) In th is b r a k e w " d e n b lo c k s a r e
,
to. t】
ıe iııs id e s u r fa c e o f th e b a ııd a ııd th e b r a k in g a c tio n is o b ta h ıe d d u e
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W ìo o d
F IG 13 2 0
ww
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T
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n
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-
te n s ion o n th e tig h t s id e
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ff um
20
n
=
-
ngi
a n d e s u b te n d e d a t th e d n ın ı c e n tr e b y e a c h b lo c k
n u ın b e r o f b lo c k s
P r o b le m 13 8
.
nee
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g
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9 Sh e a r i« ıth e t e a d s d u e t o d ir e c t lo a d (F ig 1 4 6 ) It is a s s d
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d
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14 1 4
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syE4
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4 D e te r m in in g th e h e ig h t o f th e n u t fr o m w e łır c o n s ld e m tio n B e c a u s e o l
n o n u n ifo r n ıl d is tr ib u te d lo a d b e tw e e n th e th r e a d s it is n o t r e c o m m e n d e d to
a s 10 N /n ı 2
y
h a v e n > 1 0 A llo w a b le p r e s s u r e [p ] fo r s te e l s c r e w a n d b r o n z e n u t is ta k e n
b
e t
n ı fr o m T a b le 1 4 1
Let u s che c k th e in d u ce d b e a r in g p r e s s u r e
W 6 00 00
Pb - -
2 2
(Æ / 4 ) (d d b n (Jr / 4 ) (3 2 26 )X 10
ta k in g n - N o o f th r e a d s 一如
2
- 2 1 9 6 N /n u ıı
2 >
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d c to 4 0 Ļ ta k in g p
8 n am
a iıd
-
m m
N o w ,
c ha n g e \ to 4 8 m m
2
- 10 8 5 N / 国 m 〉叫
Pb -
江/ 4 ) L4 8 ? 4 沪) × 10
44 ta kin g p 8 ı
m ıı
q
-
m m
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tr y w ith \ = 52 m n ı
=
,
2
6 00 0 0 _ 9 9 5 N / ın m < [P b l
Pb =
(Jr / 4 ) (5 2 2 W )X 10
Satisfw
14 1 5
th c in d u c e d m a x in ıu m s h e a r s tr e s s d u c to uc and co m
to r (ł p r e s s iv e l I(
o ad ų
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(52 + 44 1 2 . 48 m
m
a = ta n
1
n
Ĵ i,
- 3°
￠= 8'
T - 6 0 0 00 × (4 8 /2 ) ta n (8
°
+ 3 °) = 2797 6 N m m
1
16 X 2 79 9 0 7 6 2
T = . 16 7 4 N / m m
3
Ĵr X 44
T h is s tr e s s is v e r y m u c h le s s th a n w h a t w e o b ta in e d fó r d .
27 m
(r = 6 3 5 N /m m ' ) a n d c o m p r e s s iv e s tr e s s a ı s o w ilıb e r e d u c e d
be c a u s
m
e of
ww
in c r e a s e d c r o s s s e c tilm a r e a T h e r e fo r e , th e r e is n o n e e d to c a l
w h ic h w o u ld b e v e r y m u c h le s s th a n th c o n e c a lc u la te d fo r d -
d c - 4 4 m m w e d e te r m in e th e h e ig h t o f th e n u t, H
c u la lc
27 m m T
a
w H =
C h e c k th e
n u m
.Ea
be r
she a r
o f th r e a d s
fa ilu r e o
x p itc h
f th r e a d s
= 10 × 8 = 80 m m
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d screw
=
syE W
6 00 0 0
10 X Jr X 44 ×
2
4
ngi
'
d
-
- 10 8 5 N /
W
m m <
nee
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rin
n u t
n 78 q t
2 2
9 18 N / m [T lw 25 N / m
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- - ı
n < - m
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e fe r to F ig 1 4 1 2
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D 1
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c a il
C o n s iĐ r iıı
g tb e e u s h iıı8 o f th e co lla r , co ı
la r o u ts id e d ia iııe te r D 2
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Į (D D b{ o
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ja ls
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ıı o r d u c tik m a la
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nee
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50 0 +
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r
r
W cr
= 15 19 8 × 3 30 1
4 × 0 25
X ( 49 09)
= 308905 N > > W

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H e a d d ia i ııe te r D 3
-
-
1 52
do - 2 6 ım ıı
p in d ia n ıe te r D 4 -
-
2 2
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T o ta l e x te r n a o m en w ,
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T 1
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-
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p
syE /' c
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-
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nee - 2 7 0 9 7 7 8 14 m m
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e ft e c f th is n ıo
270978 = 5 5 0 9 × 1 0 3 N n ın ı
t is to b e n d th e h a i ıd le rin
T he t o
g.n
n ıe n
32 × B e n d in g n ıo m en t
3
ś [o b ]
e
2
Æ D 1 6 5 N /ııu fo r s te e ı
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t
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3 2 × 55 0 9 x 10
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兀 D
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7 ıe n g th
r o f th e ıe v e r r
T - P × L 1
a te
ly)
P = e ffo r t o f o n e o p e r a to r - 40 0 N (a p p r o x ir n
550 9 × 10 3 _ 400 × L1
= 0 77 = 138 0 m m
In h a v e a r e d u c e d le v e r le n g th to ta l m o n ıe iıl
o rde r to
c o n s id e r a b ly r e d d T h js c a n b e e ffe c tiv e ly d o lıe b y n ıin in ıiz in g
ïe c o p )
to r q u e b y h a v in g r o u iJn g Ir ia io n (b a ll th r u s t b e a r iï ıg u n d e r tı
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9 1 5 D - 1 5 × 85 127 5 ns
D5 づ 2 _
m m
2 25 D 2 - 2 2 5 × 85 _ 19 1 2 5
D6 =
m m
1 75 D 6 - 1 7 5 × 19 1 2 5
0 7
= = 335 m m
= 2 11 - 2 × 12 - 24 m m
l2
0 25 d. - 0 25 × 52 _ 13 m
l3 - m
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14 2 0
0 1- SS08 6 N
50 8
5 50 8
ww
w .Ea
syE
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nee
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e t
3 T o a r r iv e a t
a p r e lim in a r y e s tin ia te o f th e sc re w d ia m te te n s ile lo a d
a lo n eis c o n s id e r e d e r,
Ķ 4 [? ] = W ・ 9240 N
X 90 9 24 0 , dc
4
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c
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p - ) n ım
M e a ir d ia n E 5
ıe te r , d - dc + _ 17 + _ 19 5 n ı
m
ħĄa x i
m u m to r qu e - w g ta n (qb + a )x 2

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.
. 43 7 N /m m
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rin
冗《 3
兀 x L7
D ir e c t te n s ile s tr e s s 9 2 40
= o =
2
g.n
4 0 7 N / n ım
.
-
Æd /4 2
n x 17 / 4
in d u c e d m a x im m
p r in c ip a l s tr e s s an d che c k a g a in s t
e
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.
+
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2
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mc(
S [p b ]
d
4 X 9 24 0
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-
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14 2 2
le m
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n ob
th e to o
l c a r r ia g e T h e th r u s t i
dr iv e 4 0 in s id e d ia m e t
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rp m
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M a te r ia l
Scfe w
C 4 5 s te e l w ith O
y
- 36 0 N / n u ıı
2
į he re FS fa c to
[ü ] = w =
r o f s a fe ty
Fs - 3 (a s s tın ıe d )
- 3 6 0 /3 = 1 2 0 N /m n ı
2
p e r m is s ib le s h e a r s tr e s s
[T ]
=
=
ĺ o2 = 6 0 N /m n ı
2
ww
N o t M a te r ia l
B ro n z e , [T ] ー 2 5 N /m m
2
(a s s u m e d)
2
w
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ın a d e fr o m w ea r c o n s id e r a tio n
syE W 7500 N
ngi
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H
o
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d 15 4 5 m m
[P b ]
nee 8 N /m
l sc re w
s te e
oa
an
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e
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P 6
d
d
T he
o
-
=
d
d
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c
c
+
+ p
2
d a r d d ia m
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2
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_
30
27
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e t
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e r c se n m u m re
v a lu e
H e ig h t f th e t, H
o n u =
qd = 2 5 × 27 = 67 5 m m
・・・リリ c ı u ı tn r e a o s， n - 一 ˜ 互ıヱ)
P 6
N um be r f th r e a d s is
o m a r g in a lly g r e a t e r th a n th e p e m ıitt e d v a lu e o f 1o
3 To c he c k
,
th e sc re w tr o ın th e s m g ıh c o n s id e r a tio n s
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ta k e d = 15 m m
16 0 8 W
.
d < 0 2 68 × 60 d ,
< ,
G en eva w ı
ræ l s h a ft d ia n ıe te r

16 9
Ļ < e , < 60 n u n
R h 5 1 96 2 1 96
T a ke d - 20 m m
w
d K a re c o n ıp u te d fo th e v a lu
g E q u a tio n s 1 6 2 1 a iıd 16 2 4 , t a n
r
U s in es of
b l 16 2 q
g in g fr o n ı O to 6 0 a n d g iv e n irı T a e
° °
ran
T a b le 1 6 2 (f 0 1 is a s s u m e d ) =
l 30 P 4 5° Č
0 °
10
30 8 3 7 18 44 2 52
30
12 1 19 7 1 18 1 17
Sa m p le c a lc u la tio n
￠ = 30 °
À = 0 5
ww 1 = 21 co s ￠+ 1
2
w h
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syE h
ngi
nee
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1
o
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4 (1 2 1 0 có q + À2 )? 0 0 6 25 0 0 70 2 0 14 7 0 29 5 0 56 3
5 a w
- )a l 0 36 5 50 44 3 5 43 22 77
te r m 4
t m il
6 aĻ = X w 6 28 5 T4 3 12 0
ı n 2
e rı
ra d /s
7 ħ& = K Iæ w N m 0 43 5 96 4 19 2
C tĻ
N e 0
8 M =
M » a
ı 3 93 2 85 08
9 pw = 0 M 0 0 3 95 52
10 》目制岫目 0 1引力 95 27

团团团团团ı
国自 뇨 一
团团 ■ 国良
16 1 0
P lo ts o fW a iıd M v e r su s
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an a n g u la r
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e
10 5 ra d / s
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e 12 5
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0 7 0 4 2 ) × 0 34 2 2
-
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2 2
(1 2 × 0 704 × 0 94 + 0 704 )
◆ 452 rad l s2
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ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
F IG 17 I a R ATC H E T A ND PA W L M E C H A N IS M
g.n
e t
一 P .
。
。
L
中
P = Pe r ip h e r a l fo r c e
N = N o rm o ı r e a c t io n
pN a F r ic tio n fo r c e
R = Fo rc e te n d in g to p u s ł
■ R a tc h e
c e n tr e
t
th e p a w l to w a r d s th
ro o t o f t o o th
G
Fı 17 1 b F O R C E S A C T IN G O N T H E PA W L

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

17 4
ww Fı
G 17 4
, .
w p
.Ea
17 8 T h c h e s t c o n t litio n s Io r a a w l s lid i
n g o v e r th e r a tc h e t to o th
th c m o t u f to o t h ) a r c t»b t a in c d w h e n r t h
, a c e t to o th a n lc
B ￠ p,> w
(to w a r d s
h e r e p is
[h c ł
17 9
\n g lc u l fr ic t io n
o f th c
T h c p a w l p iv o t m u s t b c
p a w l p iv o t a n d th c p o in t
syE lo
c a te d th a t th e lin e c o n n e c tin
so
g th e c e n tr e
f c o n ta c t, a n d th c lin e c o n n e c tin th e r a tc h
c e n tr e a n d th e p o in t o f c o n ta c t s h o ld f
u
T h c le n g th o f p a w l L is o b ta in e d u s in th i
o rm
o
a p p r o x im a te ı
y 9 0 °
g
ngi
( g 17 Ib )
F i
e t
g n e q u a lity
nee
, e
,
w he re H
2L
co e
co s
2
ffic ie n t
￠
f fr ic tio b e tw r a tc h e t t o o th rin
a 】ıd paw l
g.n
-
o n een
/ł1 - co e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio n b e tw een p a w l a n d p in

P r o b le m
Nm B
D
ra
17 ı .
e s ig n a r a tc
ke d r u m
h e t w h e e l fo r a w in c h
d ia m e te r - 3 5 0 m m
D a ta g iv e n : B ra e
k in g to r q u e - 150
t
2
Ï? h lw he e l- 30 N / m m
1. M o du ı
e
T a ke z - 16 , b c ta u se th e b r a k e d r u m is s m a ll
n ł= 2
3
1 5 0 × 10
m = 2 A s su m e V = 2 5
16 × 2 5 × 3 0 2
- 10 m m [O b ] = 30 N / m m
z = 16
M t
= 1 50 0 0 0 N m m

17 5
he ry f th e tc h e t
p e r ip
o ra
th e o u te r w he e l
2 P e r ip h e r a ı fo r c e on ,
16 10 16 0 m )
2 × 1 5 0 X 10 0 0
× = m
2M t z m
-
(D =
P
T
= =
16 0
P = 18 7 5 N
tc h e t w h e e l to o th
3 pre s su re on ra
2 5 × 10 = 25 m m
p b =
q m -
P 百
一
= . 7 5 N /m m
in p a r a 4
is ith in th e v a lu e s g iv e n
T h is p r e s s u r e w
4 P a w ıp in d ia m e te r
b e tw een w h e e l a rıd fr a m e ,
A s su m e th e c le a r a n ce
ww a
l
[o b lp in
- 10
-
m m
30 N /m
(F ig
m
17 4 )
2
(a s s u m e d)
w d
p aw ı
=
.Ea 2 71
=
syE
2 71 + 10
f paw ı
24 09 m m = 25 m m
ngi
5 ıe n g th
r
U se
o
th e in e q u a lity
nee
ta n qb > /ł +
/l 1 d
2
qb rin
g.n
2 L co s
￠ = r a tc
(￠ is
h e t to
u su a
0 1 ×
o th a n
y 1 4 ? to I T
lı
25
gı
e - 19
) e t
ta n 15
°
> 0 1 +
2
2 L co s 15 °
ic ,
L > 7 98 m m
i
s in c e th e v a lu e o f L u s in g th e a bo vein e q u a lity is s m a ll a n d u l? e a ljs t c
t h e
a n d L h a s to b e g r e a te r ) w e
u se
(p a w ıp in d ia m e te r its e lf is 2 5 m m ,
a t io n ,
e m p ir ic a l r e ı
L = 2 x c ir c u la r p itc h o f r a tc h e t to o th
骂 2 × 兀鹰
L = 2 X Jr X 10 = 62 8 m m
A do pt L = 65 m m

18 . W IR E R O P E S
ro pe s are e x te n s iv e ly d in h o is tin
ţEī
u se
g a n d h a u la g e m a c h in e ry,
a n e s, c o n v e yo rs a n d o th e r m a te r ia l h a n d lin
t g e q u ip m e n ts
w ir e ro pe
v he n co m pa re d w ith h e m p c o tto n o
, r m an m a d e fib r e ro pes s te e l w ir e
s th a n d r e lia b ility
,
h a v e g r e a te r s tr e n
s
ro p e
W he ïı co m pm e d w ith c h a in s te e l ir e p e s ha v e in g
s, w ro th e fo llo w
a dv a n ta g e s
ig h t b ) le s s p tib ility to d a m a g e fr o m
) lig h te r
su sc e
a
w e
je r k s c ) s ile n t o p e r a tio n
a t h ig h w o r k in g sp e e d s d ) g r e a te r r e lia b iiit in
ev e n y o pe ra tio n
F a ilu re in c h a in o c cu rs su d d e n ly w h ile in w ir e r o e s th e o u te r w ir e s
\
ww
br e a k d u e to w e ar b e fo re th c in n
p
p
e r w ir e s T h e w ir e r o e b e c o m e s fu z z
y b e fo r e
18 3 wC
. Th e y
o n s tr u c
re
tio
q u ir e la r g e r d r u
n
.Ea
m s an d h e a v ie r h o is tin s
S te e l w ir e is d r a w n c o ld a n d g v e n h e a t tr e a tm e n t a s w e ll a s c h e m ic a l
m ec h a n is m
tr e a tm e n t b e tw e e n d r a w in g s ta g e s m
s tr u c tu r e ,
a pp
s tr a n d s a n d t e
h
e a r a n c e a n d s u r fa
syE
c e fin is
o r d e r to o b ta in
h T h i
e w re s a re
r e q u ir e d
fi i
s tr e n g th ,
r s t tw s te d in t o
s t r a n d s a r e tw is te d a b o u t a c o r e o f s o ft s te e l o r h e m
ngi
p
(F ig 1 ) 8 1 T h is t y p e o f c o n s tr u c tio n m a k e s th e r o p e h ig h ly p lia b lc a n d it c a n
b e w r a p p e d a r o u n d a s h e a v e w ith o u t in d u c in g tın d u e b e n d in g s tr e s s in th e w ir e
nee
rin
g.n
: et
n d
F ïG 18 1 6 ×7 W IR E RO PE
T he n u n ıb e r o f w ir e s in e a c h s tr a n d is g e n e r a lly 7 , 1 9 o r 3 7 a n d n u m b e r
o f s tr a n d b y t h e n u m b e r o f s tr a n d s a n d
d s is u s u a lly 6 W ir e r o p e is d e s ig n a t e
th e n u m ber o fw ir e s in e a c h s tr a n d (e g 6 x 7 6 s tr a iıd s a n d 7 w ir e s in e a c h
s tr a n d)
18 4 R o pe ı ay
T w o t e s o f w in d in s o f w ir e s a n d s tr a n d s a r e in u s e
yp g
In th e r e u la r la r o e s w ir e is tw is te d in o n e d ir e c tio n to ĺ o r m s tr a n d s
a n d th
g y p ,
e s tr a n d s a r e tw is te d in th e o p p o s ite d ir e c tio n to fo r m th e r o p e
P ig 1 8 2 i l
a ) In t h e c o m h u te r w ır e s a r e a p p r o x m a te y p a r a lı e l
to th e p le te d r o p e t e o
a x is o f t h e r o e R e u la r la d n o t k in k o r u n tw is t R e g u la r lay
ro p g y ro pe s o
p e s a r e a c c e te d a s s t a n d a r d
p

ı8 그
In th e la n g la y r o w ir e s iıı th e \ 쁘 Thyallds I n th e r
X X - o 1ıa n d tb c o u [c r go n a
t
W U C S rw a
o ı uy acr
o ss
s is ta iıc e to a b r a s iv e w e ar an d fa jjw
L ag
aı ł
ay p e s b a ų e g r e a te r re
ro c du e
b u t th e y lik e ly to
to fa t ig u e th a iı th c r e \ la r la y r o w
a re o rc
n ı
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m tw is t
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l
w G ııł dd h .Ea
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F IG 18 2
e c tio n o f w ı
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L A V O F W IR E
re ro pe
R O PE S
1
syE
T h e M r e r o p e o f 6 × 7 c o n s tr u c tio rı w ill h a v e la r g e d ia ıııe te r w ir e s T M s
is sn ıita b le a s h a u la g e a n d g u y r o p e It is a ls o n ıe a 1ıt fo r a p p lic a tio n s w h e r e th e
r\
(e g
is s u b je c te d to a b r a s io n
ngi
D r a g g jn g o f w ir e th r o u g h r o u g h m a te r ia l o r a c r o s s s ta tio n a r y o b je a )
Z
gni e g r e a te r flexibility a n d th e y c a ııb e u s e d in h o is tin g a p p lic a tio n s nee
T h e r o p e s w ith 6 × 1 9 o r 6 × 3 7 c o n s tr u c tio n w ith s n ıa ll d ia 】ııe te r w ir e s
3 S te e l c o re w ir e ro p e h a s g r e a te r s tr e n g th th a n fib r e
rin
c o re ro pe
g.n
ıM S ır e s s e s h ıw ir e ro pes
l D ı
r e c t s tr e s s (d u e to th e w e ig h t o f th e lo a d to b e lifte ￠ w e ig h t o f th e
ro pe e tc )
Y +
A
W = W e ig h t o f th e lo a d to b e lifte d
e t
W r
=
Weit o f th e ro pe
A = A re a o fu se ńd c ro ss s e c tio n o f th e ro pe
ı8 6 2 . s tr e s s
It h a s d th a t th e b e ııd in g s tr e s s in d u c e d in th e r o p e a s it
fo un
o v e r a s h c a v e o r d r u n ı is d ir e c tl e te r
, y p ro p o r tio n a l to th e w ir e d ia n ı
d in v e r s e ly p r o p o r tio n a l to th e
an
W e te r o f th e s h e a v e
O b - E r (18 2)
D
Je , = m o d u lu s o f e la s tic ity o f th e en tir e ro pe
5
-
1
08 . X 10 N /n ım 2 or
w ir e
E ,
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Ś E ,
E - m o d u lu 6 o f e la s tic ity
n ıa te r ia l
o f tb e
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18 3
= d ia m e te r o f th e w ir e
D d ia iııe te r f th e she a v e
=
o
a c c e le r a
s tr e s s d u e
3
tio n to
1& 6
,
tio n d u e to h
(A c c e le r a in a c c e le r a tci a iıg e in th e sp e e d o f h o is tin g but n o t th e
to g o n )
in g o r s p p
ta rt
s
(1 8 3 )
a = a c c e le r a
tio n f r o p e a iıd lo a d d u r in
h o is tin g b u t
o
g
n o t á t s ta r tin g o r s to p p u ı
g
V 2 V
1
a =
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ro pe c h a iıg e s fr o n ıV
1
to V 2
18 6 4
D wS tr e s s e s d u r in g
u r in
i n a l s tr e s s
a dd it o
g s ta r tin
.Ea
in th e r o p e
s ta r tin g
g th e lo a d is g iv e n s o n ıe a c c e le r a tio n an d th is le a d s to
If th e
O = 2
re is
0 d
n o s la c
syE
k in th e ro pe
(1 8 4 )
ngi
.
If th e r e is s la c k in th e ro p e b e fo re s ta r tin g, c o n s id e r a b ı
e im p a c t lo a d
w i]] r e s u lt
nee
rin
h
-
= s la c
le n
k d u r in g
g th o f th e
s ta r
ro pe
tin g
g.n
E ffe c tiv e
E « e c tiv e
s tr e s s
s tr e s s
in th e ro
a
s
-
p e d u r in g n o r m a l w
d u r in g th e a c c e le r a tio n o f th e ı
a c c e le r a
o ad,
tio n d u r in g s ta r tin g / s to p p in g
o r k in g , o
ne
=
o
o
d
+ ?
=
b
o + o
e
+ o
t
ac d b a
E ffe c tiv e s tr e s s d 1ır in g s ta r tin g , o s e - c 's + o b

T h e g r e a te s t o f th e s tr e s s e s m e n tio n e d a b o v e s h o u ld b e ı
e s s th a n th e u ltim a te
s tr e n th o f th e w ir e m a t e r ia l d iv id e d b
g f f
y fa c to r o s a e ty
18 7 . D e s ig lı P r o c e du re
1 d
A in g a la r g e fa c to r
ssu m o f sa fe ty , sa y 1 5 , d e s ig n lo a = fa c to r o f s a fe ty
X lo a d to b e h fte d is o b t a in e d
,
2 T a k in g th e d e s i n lo a d
g a s th e b r e a k in g s tr e n g th fr o m T a b le 1 8 1 o b ta in
th e r o e d ia m e te r
p

18 4
T a b le ı8 ıG ıp
ro ı 6 × ı9
12 0 54 86 94
16 0 94 13 4 14 7
18 1 25 19 3 2 11
22 13 4 25 9 28 4
25 2A 1 34 0 3 76
32 3 76 5 33 5 84
38 5 43 767 84 3
44 7 38 1047 1 14 8
ww a ı
= '"0 to
m ' " '"0 to 14 0 0
N lm m
z
w 6
10
12
16
.Ea
0 15
0 4
0 55
0 95
15
40
55
96
17
45
60
1 10
20
25 syE 1 45
2 25
15 0
23 0 W
170
ngi
.
3 C o n s u lt T a b le 1 8 2 to o b ta in th e d r ıım d ia n ıe te r D D ru m d ia n ıe te r s h o ı!d
be su ffic ie n tly la r g e to r e d u c e th e b e n d in g s tr e s s
l
T
n
= ee
a bı
e 18 2
rin
b in
(R a t io u p to v = 5o m /n n
ıı )
P R o pc d
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u rp o s e
1
Em in s ta lı
a t io m l A ll ro pe s 10 0
z a 3
10 0 g.n 10 o
4
c ra 腦
ı
ło iıtĺ
&
国 ıo
6 ×
× 19
国团团ı
A t h ig h e r s p e e d s fa tig u e w ill a ffe c t th e life

ı5
19
l 17
23
f
e 1
d he n ce
22
27
t
o ro pe an
d r u n ı/s h e a v e d ia m e te r h a s to b e in c r e a s e d In c r e a s e D . in " r a tio b y 8 % fo r
e a c h a d d itio n a l s p e e d o f 5 0 m /m in
a a s lH
Cı ca tio n o tC r a n e ￠ a ııd H o is ts (IS 80 7 197 6 )
Fo r th c p u rp o se o f d e s ig n o f th e ir fr a m e s, c ra n e s an d h o is ts a re
a iı d h o is ts w ith s h o r t w o r k in g peri ı
o w e fï c a iw ı
o ad u ıd lo w d y n a m ic
d a °d h ig b
P s r & w " a
M 83
4 Detcmıin e th e a re a o f u se c r o ss s e a io n o f th e ro pe u s in g T a b le 1

18 5
T a b le 1 8 3
į 國
d
th e d ia m e te f th e ir e u s in
D e te r m in g th e fo la
e r o w rm u
5 d
w he re i = n u m be r o f w ir e s in th e ro pe
- n u m ber o f s tr a n d s x n u m ber o f w ir e s in e a c h s tr a n d
W f r o p e is o b t a in e d u s in g T a b le 1 8 1
e ig h t o
6
7 ww
C a lc u la tio n o f v a r io u s lo a d s is c a r r ie d o u t a s g iv e n b e lo
D ir e c t lo a d W d W +
w
w
- -
d in g lo a d W A
.Ea į .
B en
= - O X
b b
'
( syE . o is tin g )
S ta r tin g lo
E ffe c tiv e lo
a d
a d
=
o n
W
ngi
th e
.
-
ro
2 (W
p e d u r h ıg
+ W
r
)
n o r n ıa lw o r k in g W ne
o a d d u r in g
E « e c tiv e ı
d d u r h ıg a c c e le r a tio n W . e
E ffe c tiv ie lo
nee s ta r tin g W se
- W .
-
+
W
W b
+ W l
+
rin
a .
8 W o r k in g fa c to r o f s a fe ty is c a lc u la t e d a s
th e s e le c te d
B r e a k in g lo a d fr o ın T a b le 1 8 1 fo pe
g.n
r ro
FS W -
W . e
s a fe
'
d e d fa c to r f ty , n
e
th e o
T h is F s s h o u ld n o t b e le ss th a n re c o m ın e n
i i
g en n T a bı
v e 18 4
W
C a 1 t g th
s
is u se d to
e w o r k in
c a lc u la te
g fa c to
th e in
r o
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w łM S H M ın 1 2 o r o f c a m r o ta tio n T h e b a s e c irc ı
a tin g fı a t fa c e d fo ı
e d ia m e te r s i 6 0
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e s 85
i m
o w e r r is in g 2 5 m m
m m
m in
C h e c k w h e th e r
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A t riv e a t th e m j
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4 0 m m to 8 0 m m in s te p s o f 5 m m
a rio u s v a ı
T h e G e n
u e s o f th e d r iv e r
e v a w h e e ıh a s 8
5
W
In a 5 0 k N s c re w ja c k ra tc h e t a n d p a w l m e c h a n is m
M a u m e tFıe ü p c ir c le d ia m e te r o f t e ra h tc h e t a a tw o t ngi
is u s e d to t u r n th e s c r e w ro d
im e s th e n o m in a ıd ia m e te r o f
th e a c re w r o d D e te r m in e th e n u m b e r Č f te e t
HM A a s u m in g a ı o w v a lu e o f p e rm is s ib ı
u m n e ffe c t) c o re d ia m e te r a n
d h o
h and m oduı
nee
e o f th e ra tc h e t
e c o m p r e s s iv e s tr e s s o r
m in a ıd ia m e te r a n d p it c h
§n H
rin
e n c e n
co ı áte d a n d u s e d fo r
,
s c re w fric tio n to rq u e c a n
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d e ıig n h g th e ra tc he t
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E S T IO N S
21 .
SHO RT Q U
G e a ra
a ra ?
f fa lıu re e In g e
ı ta nt m odes o
l e q u a tio n ?
1 w n a t a re th e tw o m p o r
d e ın d e rı v ln g L e w a
tıo n s m a
2 w n a t a re th e a e s u m p m ı o ıo a d fa c to r In g e a r d * ılg n ?
e n tra tio n fa c
to r a n d d y n a
3 w n a t a re t h e ıo a d c o n c
over th o o th e r d rı
v e ı ? W n a t a re
th c
d v a n ta g e s o f g e a r d rlv e a
w n a t a re th e sp ac ific a
g ur o a rı ?
ı e a rs o v e r p s
6 W nat a re th e a d v a n ta g e s o f h e lio a g
n he ı lc a l g e a rs ?
e th ı
7 W n a t is v irtu a ın u m b e r o f te ?
a ıth ru s t in h e
llc a ıg e a rs o v e rc o m e
8 H o w is th e a x ı ?
ı
le ıh e llc a g a ra e
d in p a ra ı
W n a t h a n d s o f h e lix a ie u s e
'
9 l th o re m ıd y ?
n g le h e ı ło a l g ・a r ? W n a t ß
d v a n ta g e o f a s ı
ww 1o
11
w n at ı
he ı
s th e m a in d is a
w h a t is a c ro s s e d h e lic a ıg e a r
ic a ıg e a r d riv e n o t u s e á fo r p
? w n a t ha n ds o f he x
o w e r tra n e m
ıs a ıo n
li a re u s e d ? W n y ı
?
i th a o ro a i e d
w12
13
14
W n e re d o w e u s e b e v e ıg e a rs
.Ea
w h a t is a s p ira ıb e v e ıg e a
is a Z e r o ıb e v e l g e a r Ť
w h a t is a h y p o id g e a r a n d
r a n d
?
w h a t ĺ s lts a d v a n
is ı
ta g e o v e r s tra ig h t b e v e l g e a r ? W n a t
t u s e d in a u to m o b l e s
ı ?
o f w o r m g e a r d riv e s w h e n c o m p a re d
15
16
.
w ny ı
syE, ımī.thgeardives)
s th e e ffic ie n c y o l a w o
rm g e a r d r v i e c o m
?
p a ra tiv e ly ıow ?
17 w n a t a re s in g ı
u sed 7
e e n v e lo p ı n g a n d d o u b le e n v e
ngi lo p in g w o r m d
d riv e s a n d h o w ia It a c h ie v e d
riv e s a n d w h e re a re th e y
?
18
19
20
w n a t is ıb ıl ıt y in w o rm g e a r
w nat ı s a h u n tin g to o th ?
w n a t is c ro w n in g o f g e a r te e th ?
nee
21
22
W n a t is a n in v o lu te s tu b to o th ? W n a
ın internal g e a r d riv e s
t a re ı
th e m a tin g e x te rn a ıg e a r a ł o n e is d e e ı
rin
ta a d v a n ta g e s a n d d lıa d v a n ta g e ı
g n ・d W n v
?
23
24
Heı ic a ıg e a r to o th is s tro n g e r th a n a s p u g
W n y is a g e a r to o th s u b je c te d Io d y n a m c
r e a r to o th W n y ?
i lo a d 7
g.n
25 W n y is d y n a m ic ı
(D y n a m ic ı
o a d in g ra e y
r l c o n s id e r e
o a d in g is n o t s e v e ro b e c a u s e t e re
e e l ; th e re is n o ı n ılın ı
d in w o r m g e a r d riv e a ?
h is s lid ı
ım e o u ı c o n tıc l b e tw e e n th e e e m e
n g a c tı
l e
o n b e tw e e n w o rm a n
n ta )
d
t
丈
二
sm d h a n g e in th e v e lo c ity ra tio a n d 1h is m a y b e a c c e p » d
c
30 a r g e r th a n th e in p u t ıh ılt ?
h a g e a r re d u c e r w h y is th e o u tp u t s h a lt ı
is an
a in h o w th e p itc h a n g ı e o f a b e v e l g e a r d e M tł n in e s w h e ü w Čı e g ・«
31 Expı
externai o r internal b e v e ıg e a r
32 E x p la in h o w t h e
to in c re a s e a n d d u ra b ilł
ly o f g a a n
= a ï » 1 h e a d m n w i n l ım a ł \ g e a łs o v e r e ı p u r g * ırı?
34 Ø s lin g u is h d o u b le h e ı
ic a ła n d h e r r in g b o n e g l w =
￠ i p in g w
36 W a t a a 1h a d i n s o n c m ıa in g a n d 1h o p n « u n m
d e a ig n ?
召
21 2
In c re a a ln g th o p r・s a u r ・ a n g ı e w o u ı d im p ro v e th e b e a m a n d e u M sı r ・n g th s o f
n ta c t r a tio b e c o m r a I・s s a rid h e n c e
to o th B u t c o ,
g e a rs b e c o m e m o re n o is y
D ıc r・a ◆n g th o p re s s u re a n g le w o u ı d in c re a s e th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f te e th
rıq u ı re d o n th e p in ı o n to a v o id In te r fe re n c e /u n d e r u tti
c n g T h e 2 0 p re s s u re a n g ı e is
a go o d c o m p ro m is e fo r m o e t o f th e a li
p p c a tio n s
W n a t a n th ・ im p o r ta n t p ro p e r tie s re u ir・d o f e a r m a te r ia ı qs ? g
M a t a re th e a dv a n ta ge s a n d d ia a d v a n ta g e s o f n o n m e ta ic g e a r a ?
lı
37
a L e w is (to o th ) fo
W hat ı rm fa c to r7
38
ı a w o rm ge a r d r iv e o ly th e w h e e ı(g e a r ) IB d e s i n e d W n ?
n
n g y
40 W n a t a re t h e m a in ty p e s o f fa iı u re in w o rm g e a r d r iv e s ?
41 In w o rm g ・a r in g h e a t re m o v a ıis a n im p o r ta n t d e s ig n re q u ire m e n t W n w
42 W y g r in d in g a lı o w a n c e is g iv e n w h e n c a ı c u la tin g th e le n g th o l th e w o rm ?
W n e n a d d in g a g r in d in g a ıı
o w a n c e t o t h e ı e n g th o f th e th re a d e d p o rtio n o f th e
w o r m , e ffe c tiv e ı e n g th o f th e w o r m w iı ın o t h a v e fe e d m a r k s o n th e th re a d s A & th e
b ・g in n in g a n d e n d o f th e th re a d e d p o r tio n , o n th e s id e s u r fa c e s o f th e th r e a d p ro fıı e ,
d
fa t i m a r k s a re p ro d u c e d b y t h e v ib i ti
a n g gr n i d in g w h ı
ee a s it ıe a v e s th e th re a d r o o t
43
44
ww
W n a t a re th e a d v a n ta g e s o f p ı
to o th e d re d u c tio n g e a rs ?
a n e ta ry re d u c tio n g e a rs a s c o m p a r e d w ith o r
F o r tr a n s m ittin g la r g e p o w e rs to o th e d re d u c tio n g e a r ı s p re fe rre d to w o r m

d in a
re d u c tio n
ıy
45
Æ
w
ge a r w n y ?
W n a t a re th e
W nat a re
a re th e
p re fe
m e th o
rre d
.Ea d8
n u m
o
d s in a m a c h ı
u b r ic a tio
fı
be
n e to
rs 7
n in
l ge
spe e d
bo
re d u c e rs 7
in g e o m e tr ic s e rie s ?
syE
, 7 W ny s pe e o a r x
48 D lıtıngu ı
s h b e tw e e n s tr u c tu ra ıd ia g ra m a n d ra y (s p e e d ) d ia g ra m
B e a r in gs
1
b e a r in g m a te r ia ıs
s 7 L is t
W n a t a re th e p ro p e r tie s re q u ire d o f jo u rn a l b e a rin g m a te ria ı
ngi a fe w o f th e
nee
i i be a r in he
w n a t a re t e a d v a n ta g e s A n d d is a d v a n ta g e s o f a n ti fr c t o n gs w n
2 h
com p a r e d w it h o il Iu b r ic Ĥ e d b e a r in g s ?
lm ita tio n o f M o k e e s e q u a tio n 7
'
3 W n a t is th e ı
4
5
W n a t is
w nat s itu a
a n o
tı
o n
iıle
s
ss
d
b e a rin g ?
e m a n d u se o f n e e dı
e ro le r b e a r in g s 7
ı
rin
6
7
W n y is p re lo a d in g o f b e a rin g
W n a t a re s h o r t a n d lo n g b e a rin g s 7
s n e c e s s a ry 7
g.n
8
9
10
11
W n a t a r e th e a d v a n ta g e s o f a ı r ı u b ric a te d b e a rin g s o v e r o
D is tin g u is h b e tw ie e n h y d ro s ta tic a n d h y d ro d y n a m
w n a t a re th e tw o m e th o d s o f a s s e m b lin g a
W n y a re b a ll b e a r in g s s u b je o te d to fa t g u i e
b ı
fa
ı
l b e a rin g s 7
iı u re ?
il lu b ric a te d b e a r in g s 7
c b e a r in g s
e t
12 W n a t is S o m m e r fe ı d n u m be r ?
d u s e d in o iıı u b r ic a te d b e a r in g s 7
13 W n a t a re th e ı u b ric a tio n m e th o s
14 W n a t a re b o u n d a ry lu b ric a te d b e a r in g s 7
s u s e d fo r t h e e ı e m e n ts o f a n ti fr ic tio n b e a r in g s ?
15 W n a t a r e th e d iffe re n t m a te r ia ı
b e a rin g s e le c te d ?
16 H o w is th e m in im u m o il #1m th ic k n e s s fo r a
i baı ı b e a r in g s a n d in o iı ı u b r ic a te d
17 W h a t a re th e d iffe re n t ty p e s o f fa ilu re s n
b e a rin g s ?
im u m fiı th ic k n e s s h e a t g e n e r a te d
e a ra n c e o n m in
18 m
D is c u s s th e e « e c t o f c ı , ,
i t i j r n a l b e a r in g s
o w o f lu b r c a n n o u
te m p e r a tu re ris e a n d fı ,
19 W n a t is ro ı ıin g F r ic tio n 7
20 W n a t is s ta k e lo a d ra tin g ?
21 W n a o a d ra tin g ?
t is d y n a m ic ı
22 W n at is a n e q u iv a le n t lo a d in ro ı lin g c o n ta c t b e a rin g s ?
23 W n a t a r e th e d is a d v a n ta g e s o f n e e d le ro lı e r b e a rin g s ?
24 \ h a t a r e th e re q u ire d d a ta fo r th e s e ı e c tio n o f ro ı in g c o n ta c t b e a rin g s ?

ı
d fñ tio n
25 s tin g u is h b e tw e e n d ry fric tio n a n d b o u n a ry
Dı c

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
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22 .
O BJEC T ı
V E TYPE Q U EST ı
O N S
G e a rs
con nec
tin g p a ra lı
e ıs h a fts u s e
Fo r
a )s pu r g e a rs b ) h e lic a ıg e a rs c )w o rm g ・a rs d )s p u r an d h・
e c tin g in te rs e c tin g s h a fts u s e
Z Fo f c o n n
3 d .
'
t) 2 r æb W b e ,
W lge " d ) fa o e g e a r a
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e ln in te rs e Đ n g s h a tts u s e
c o n n e c tin pa
g n o n ra o n
3 Fo t
b) c ro s s e d h e lic a \ g e a rs e ) h e r rin g b o g d! m M m
a ) w o rm ne
ww o th
s iz e o f a g e a r to ı
n m e tr ic s y s te m is u su a ıı
y s p e c ltle d b y
4 Th e
◆ p re s s u re a n g le b)m o d u ı
e c ) d ia m e tra l p itc h d ) c itc u la r p itc h e ) tm
th ic k n e s s
Į M w
av oi d
ft & g x
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w e n me ï ng wi th' ・r m
h s h "
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6 T h e fo
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rm fa M
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c )20
is fa c to
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r )u se d n th e d e s ig n o f g e a rs ı
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7 L e w is
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re s s u r e
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s tre s s e s
8 Th e b e s t g e a r s y s te m to re s is t w e a r is
a )20 FD b) 25° FD c ) 14 l °
FD nee
9 The dyn a m
a ' e °x '
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f te e th u n d er o a d
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10 L e w is e q u a t io n is a ie d
ppı g.n
th e w e a k e r o f th e p in io n o r
11 Be a m
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P?
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a te r th a n th e
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, h .
12 W ear ı
o a d o f a ge a r to o th s h o u ld b e
o ad b) sm a ı e r th a n
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g r e a te r th e d y n a p lc ı th a n
c sm a ı i
le r th a n th e b e q m s tre n g t h
13 S u rfa c e e n d u ra n c e ı im it o f a g e a r m a te ria l d e p e n s p
d u o n its
s tre n g th c ) y ie ld s tre n g th d ) B ñ n e \ı
a ) Y o u n g s
'
m o d u lu s b) u ı tım a te
h a rd n e s s n u m b e r e ) a ı l o f th e a b o v e
ıe th e y a re k n o w n a s
14 E q u a l b e v e l g e a rs w h e n th e y c o n n e c t tw o s h a fts a t rig h t a n g ,
d ) m itre g e a r
b ) e x te r n a l b e v e l g e a r c )
c ro w n g e a r
a ) in te r n a ıb e v e ıg e a r
15 u d e d a n g le b e tw e e n
t h e m b e in g g re a te r
W n e n b e v e ıg e a rs c o n n e c t tw o s h a fts in c ı
e a rs ï s 9 0 ,
°
th e s e t Is k n o w n a s
th a n g o p a n d i f th e
p itc h a n g ıe o f o n e o f th e g
C ) \n te r n a ı b e v e ı g e a r s
a n u ı a r b e v e ı e a rs b ) e x te rn a l b e v e l g e a rs
g
g
d ) pı
n ı
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B eı
t D rı
v es
1 Po w e r c a t d riv e d e p e n d s u p o n
p a c ity o f a b e ı
) a rc o f c o n ta c t d) co e Ħlc le n t ot
a ! v e lo c ity o f th e b e lt b)ı nı tıa ıte n s io n o
á h e p u lı e )a ıl o f th e a b o v e
fr ic tio n b e tw e e n th e b e ı t nd t ey

22 2
2 W he n W o t in c ł
f ・ bał w se s
3 Q e e p in a b e ll is d u e to
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S W n ic h m is
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s s
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3
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14 C en u g a ıt e n
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2 n ı
= 527 5 N / nm <
c a ıe m
h e c k th e he el rin
g.n
w
d
p in io a n c
e ıig ıı t h e
n
D
ı M a te r ia l
p in io n
. 7 0 0 N / m ın
C 45 a u r fa c e
2
% -
h a r d e n e d to 5 0 R C
360 N /m n ı
2
250 N / m a
2
e (T a b le 1 1 8 )
(T a b le 1 1 8 ) t
t ir o n gr a d e 2 5 , ? -
W he e l C as , .
2 D e ıig ıı * tr e ￠ıe a
2 5 K 1 5
K u
- 1 n =
o
=
1 4 K u
1 .4 × ļ X 9 16 2
=
0 2 5 (7 0 0 + 3 6 0)+ 5 0 = 315 N /m m
2 ó × 1 6 .
2
= 117 6 N /n u n
CE 23 ZR C
ı 50 t - 0 585
[o . ] . C R H RC Ķ t
- =
2
= 23 × 60 × 0 586 - 6 72 8 N / n u ı
ı
S .
D a r in to r q u e (P in io n )
a
障い。 8 2 7 6 × lo N nm a (a ı in 心畠马图吕 I & ID
A 4

L
4 C e n tr e d 如此a n G e
V - 0 3 (a s s u rııe d )
E - 1 46 × 10
5
N /n u n
2 (T a b le 1 1 2 )
2
◆u < 280 N / m m )
2 (3 + 1 )
10 1 4 m m
L × 1 46 × 10
5
x
\
R nI WnLO, A , 1
ü . O IW E
?ı -
ı 2 a / (z l + 2 ) = 2 × 1 0 1 4 / (2 4 + 7 2 )= 2 1 1
2 m m
- 2 5 (s t a n d a r d )
6 S e a ,
k, kd an d [M ]
￠
S in ce th e m o d u le i8 s a ıııe a s th a t in c a se I, a b, d k, kd a n d
1-
ww
,
M t】a ls o h a v
【 e th e sa m e v a lu e s a s in ca se I
a = 12 0 ı
n ııı b - 36 m 1 ıı d - 60 n m
l
w 7 Ch
k
e c
= 1 03
k in g t h
kd
.Ea e
-
p in i o
1 4
n
W ] = 91 8 × 10
a
N m m (a s in ca se D
syE
2
? b = 82 N /n nu ı (s a r a e a s th a t in ca s e I)
2
< [Č b ] = 117 6 N /m m S a t is fa c t o r y
Č. = 0 74
园□ 1
T
/i + 1
月 W 阅￠
凸【 J ngi
0 74 \ ' 46
nee 10
5
× 91 B × 10
a
rin
= . ×
2 2
54 9 6 N / m n ı < [o c ] = 6 7 2 8 N / m n ı S a t is fa c t o r y
g.n
=
8 C h e ck in g t ı le w h e e ı
D e s
W n e e l m a te r ia l C I g r a d e 2 5
◆ = 250 N / n u n
ig ıı s tr
.
2
B Æ V = 2 00
e ss e s fo r pheel
e (T a b le 1 1 8 )
t
◆ = 0 45 C iıł . 0 45 × 2 50 = 112 5 N / 2
1
K
ī
-
bı
12 × 10
N he et
= 500 0 × 60 X n
2
.
7
1 4 K bı - 5000 × 60 × 400 - 12 × 10 c y c le s
[O b ]w he e ı
- Cl '
K = 1 2 n = 2 5
or
1 4 × 0 758 × 112 5 2
. 39 8 N /m m
2 5 × 1 2
B d in g il ı t h w ie e ı
ı 0 4 945
e n s tr e s s e y2 -
82 0 4 ı4 C ib z X 0 4 94 5
CFb1 » c ib 2 y 2 ・ × =
(b y in te r p o la t io n ,
2
O b2 - o 6 = 68 7 N /m ıı fr o m T a b te 1 1 6 )
tu he e ı
A 5

f to r y
t e a tie a
c
N o
口b tu h 《ť l
ン C ib 【 llu 加イ
in t h e w heel (T a b le 1 1 1
C o n ta c t e tr e a e )
マ
n
Fi fio ? ıu
7
= 0 6 6i
W N Y 12 x lu i￠
C8
0 66 = 264 N / m m = 2
200 ×
2
6 4 9 6 N / ıï ın
r
=
?
O p in b
= tł
ť tu h« l c
N o t sa tis fa c t o r y
? p w hm l
> [? c ]u ìh d ￠l ı
T r ia l 2
T a ke m = 5
7 2 )5 / 2 24 0 m
nı
ww
=
a = (z l
+ 3 2) n ￥ / 2 - (2 4 +
0 3 24 0 72 m ma
b - y a = × =
w d
b/d
,
= z
r
=
lm
.Ea
=
7 2/ 12 0
24 ×
=
6
0 6
= 12 0 1
ıu ı
ı
Jb = 1 0 3
7 5 /S
syE
= m
P it c h lin e v e lo c ity -
100 0
60 ×
3 60 B H N
to b e u se d S u r fa c e h a r d n ess >
IS q u a lity 8 g e a r s a re
H en c e kd - 1 4
3 ngi
p in io
M ,]
【
n e tr e
= 91 8
s se s
× 10 N n ıJoa
nee
? b =
mbi
i+ 1
A t t】
【 =
(3 + 1) × 9 1 8
5 72
× 10
0 4 14
3
= 1 0 2 6 N / n r na
2
rin
g.n
240 × × ×
ļ
◆c = 0 74 E IM t】
1 0P
e z t
\ 194 3 N / m
5 aı
ı
× 1 46 × 10 × 91 8 × .
= 0 74
W h e e l s tr e ase e
= o bįy vy2 = 10 2 6 x 0 4 14 / 0 4 9 4 5 = g 6 n / )tČı

o b w ht tl
=
Čb
2
< [Č b ]u rıae e ł 3 9 = 8 N /m S a t is fa c t o r y
2
O O = 194 3 N / n u ı
ı
p fn io Jł
=
c w h a ￠l c
2
< fo c】 = 264 3 N /n ım
w h e el
,
S a tis fa c to r y
c o ın n ıe ııt s W ith h e a t tr e a te d a llo y a te e l c o m p a c m e a s ie a c a d

is
(c a s e I) M a x iın u ın s p a c e is r e q u ir e d w h m tlıe c h e a p e s t m a t e ń C I ,
w e d (c a s e m )
A 6

tp * t A n p \# ttt r ł
o tn u lıır ı
* tłı \ı* e u łın e * t* tl 44 ņ *
p n 1 \\
nn
ł p th r u u « h T ı » » » r ıı » P »
r ￠\ ť R t n # pw ・ «ņ a r p ıılr \・
ı ip
・
" "
h ,n ı ti n # in t h e ł
h \ \ t in n r »
ł
\ u ß M
ı ı
n t
ıha ￠ t » M t ıt u p * p p p t ı . ı4 4 o r p tï \
o r p ııw n ı n n ß k w T h łł ı
.
ııłĤ r » M p a \t ı
,
・
'
:I
rp ￠
\ \} p ıı\« n a ) » n p u ľ ￥ n # r d r ıv l\ n n ııı ») » ı ıo llu ı ı
r ıp p n u r o łłn « p
1o p
d r iv a w tt ı \ h ņ lix ıu \ « lĦ * 6
a f
,
«p
B p u r «ņ a r tı
1 r iv *
« a =p
ıin iu n n l\tıg R n 1, ı, ı \łıla *
» l, 1 4 6 ro r trnth ı
*
rł N (ı ı \ u '
p a \ı
ııw lı ı» l ￠
ı M a te
w R
ł ・
22 9 B
IŁN
a * # 1 J» )
(T Ĥ b ı
◆ (it?O N ' In N 0 . 400 N / ı
, ı\ m
.. y
L ift? = 600 0 h n u rB ( 1\ a a u h t« \)
a .
7
5 0 0 1) \ lio × t4 4 0 - 43 Z × 10 y ı\ l=
ı\ =
S
ww
D * a ig n ııt r e
1 4 K tt
ıa e ı
ı
"
dk rı
n ıH
w .Ea n
K .
・
.
U
1 6
iT
(T
n
n
bı
» IU)
\ıı
» ıh
'
1 4 × 1 x 3 10
syE K p, ￠= t (T
(T
n ı
j « ı ın
ıı
ı ıH )
)
ngi
n n
= (1 = 0 2 1r In ł rï ) + 60
2 × 1 ĥ ı ı
ł y
*
2 = 0 2 6 (e R o + 3 60 ) + 60 . 3 ıo N / m l ıı
144 7 N i m m
nee
=
(ı
￠ ıı 1 a )
łı
[0 , 1 C =
ß
TLB M
(T ł\tlĦ ı10 )
C n - 2 6 ı
. 2 6 × 229 × 1 H u
. 220
rin (T n \ıı
n ı IH )
1 10
g.n
K . ı (T » bı
n
u
= 572 5 N / m n ı
A tt - ı 2 5 fo
A* d = 1 6 (ın it in lly )
r m ild a h o c k (fo r
fo r o v ・r
r ・c ip r o c a t \n
h ın g in g p itıio
g pu
n
n \p )
e
(T n b lp \ \a )
t
3 3
36 8 10 × 60 10 N
×
24 4 N m = 2 44 × m m
M =
.
2 x n x ı4 4 0
a
244 1o
l
4 6 7 ß × ıO N m ïn
M M 1 25 × 1 6 × × .
ÐI ,1 k o = J ,
.

剧
召 9 0
5 X 18
s
= iz , 5
18 , z 2 27 m m
0 )- 6
-
e z l 9
Mbdul A ssu m
8 / (1 8
6 +
2 × 2 84
a)
=
m = 2 a / (2 1
+ z
d
- 6 (s ta n d a r )
3 24 m m
R is e 0 1 6/ 2
s
T e v a
r o
+・ q
) /2
°
= Č
a = (z + z2 m
l
97 2 D ım
0 3 × 32 4 =
b = \ -
108 m m
18 x 6 -
d l
= z l J?
ł=
a4￠】
d 【
lu o f k , kd an
14 4 0
8 N e w v a e s
n x 1 . 8 14 m /s
°
.
60 × 10 0 0
v e lo c ity
・
īo o o
p it c h lin e 60 x itc h lin e v e lo c ity
u se d fo r th is p
to b e l it
lity 8 g e a r s
a re
d itc h lin e v e o c y
ww is q u
łd -
a
1 55 (fo r
8
n e s s
m /s fr o m
< 350 B
T a b le 1 1
6)
Į N
Ł a n p
w k = 1 4 5 (m .Ea a x in ıu ın v a lu e
5 × 1 55
fo r ov erhu
n
× 244
i n
g p in o
× 10
3
?
.
fr o m
685 5
T a b le 1 1 4 )
× 10
3
N m n
9
[M t] = l 0 k K d
C h e c k iııg
M
syE ￠
= 1 26 × 1 4
1
(E q n 1 8)
o b - {M ,] =
(5 + 1 1 x 6
3 24 × 6 ×
85 5 ×
2 ×0 377 ngi (T a b le i 1 6 )
{o b 】 1 4 4 7 N n
/ ın ı
nee 2
y - 0 3 71
rin
2
5 7 7 N / ııu
=
ıı <
-
(E q n 1 6)
o c
= 0 74
g.n
= 0 74 ×
(6 + l) ı
(6 ×2 1
ó
×
×
10
6
97 2
× 685 5 × 10
3
e t
2
- 577 7 N / m iıı >
'
[a J = 5 7 2 6 N / łn m
n ia a ib le
lly g r e a t e r t h a lı th e p e r ı is m a r g in a
T he i ııd s tr e ıs
In g e a r d e a ig n p r a c tic e , e v n
e
11 d ig n m a y b e s a t id a c to r y
v aı
lııa th a n 1 0 % o f th e
u e ı e e s
i r e a te r b y a v a lu e
w hen th e in d u c e d s tr e s s s g
l t h e d a « iB n il p t a b l e
p e m a is a ib le v a w
n E io a l g e u
ı de d p
C u e e
1 C e 目仕e 吐血凶鹰 ııo a
(E q n 2 ı1 )
3
V - 0 5 U t】- 4
【 ó × 10 N m
鳥召

X ￠ F
ż 23 1 5 rn m
ıın o d u le
2 N
o r n ıa
2a co e P 8 2 3 ı5 x eo* 26 ° (ı
￡q lł 2 rj
'
ı
ıı =
.
- 3 9 m nı
n z ı+ z
2 ı8 + 9o
- 4 (s ta n d a rd ) ￠ - 26 ・ (g iv e n )
is e a
3 B e v
d l
= m .
z ďco6 P = 4 × 18/ c o s 25° . 79 44 ï ıł
m
d2 = id l
= 5 × 79 44 - 397 2 m nı
a - (d l
+ d22 = (7 9 4 4 + 397 2 2 = 23 8 32 m
n ı
ww b
p
=
-
V
n m
a - 0 5
.
/ s in
× 238 32
P = It x
- 119 16
4 / s in 2 5
-
°
.
12 0
29 7 a
ra a ı
ı
m a
rg
w Ż /
w
a
b > p S a t is fä e to r y
.Ea
a
ig n to q u e M tl k o K k d M
【
4 D r =
e s t
b/d
k =
1
1 45
= 120 / 79 44
(m syE
ax im u m
= 1 5
v a lw fo r o v e rh m g p in io n Ė ł) n ıT a b i# ı IA /
V -
60
n d
×
. n
100 0
,
-
n x
60
79 44
×
×
10 0 0
14 4 0
ngi
Ħ 6 na/ S
(T b l« ıM /
nee
a
1 3 ic a l g e a r s )
(fo r IS q u a lity 8 h e ı
kd -
3 a
1 45 1 3 24 4 × 10 575 × ıo N tņ n ı
1 25 × .
M tl
【 × ×
rin
=
f in d d tr e sae «
c u la t io
1ıc e e
6 C a ı n o
łE qp 2 M ì
Čb -
o 7
a
(i + 1 ) M J
b m J
=
o 7
23 8 32
× (5
×
+ 1 ) × 57 5
12 0 ×4 ×
×
0 4 ı4
108
g.n
e
n u
<
51 N /m
[Č b l = 1 4 4 7 N / n
n ı
2
ın ı
2
z
l u
- 0 4 14
4T a b l* ıım t
(E q p 2 12 )
ļ
. - 0 7
E ĹM J
.
g ×1
S
. 2 I × 10 x 575
= 0 7
2
6 12 N / m ıı >
2
[Č c 】= 5 7 2 5 N / m ı
ıı
-
h e r m i* * ib ļ e v a l齢
Bas*d
l i h tly g y e a 呷 th a iı t a p
In d u c e d s tr 国8 吕沁 g s
i case I
th is d e s ig n m a y b e
o n th e r e a s o n in g g
iv e n n .
ie s l鼋吕吕 \ tb a n 锄 ır 箔* ・r
ıp ı
ı d r iv e o c c u p
C o e n t H e lic a g e a r
d r iv «
A4

鳥
to tr a n s m it 1 4
r s a r e
P b le f h e 】
ic a ıg e a
ro m 3 A p a ir o
32 0 m m P C D B o th
1 rh e e iba s
r p m a ııd h a s 8o m m p cD a ir
a r p
a r e m a d f t s te e i D e s ig ıı t h e ge
e o c a s
65 N o he a t tr e a t ıııe n
te e l
CS t
1 M s ile c a s t s
a te r ia L H ig h te n
X 1 ha v e th e s a n ıe m a t e r ia l a n d he n ce th e
p in io n
a lo n e is d e s ig n e d
(E q n 1 1)
[o b ] × 28 1
= 也 1
-
ww - 0 22 (6 5 0 + 4 0 0)+ 50
2 5
= 281 N /2
(T a b le 1 91
w
n =
1 5
(T a b le 1 7 )
.Ea
k. =
7
60 10 c y c le s
1000 × 60 × 10,00 0 = ×
105 N / 1 ı2 L ife -
(T a b le 1 6 )
syE 350 B H N
◆
)
K - 1 (h a r d n e ss <
br
(E q n 1 3)
ĹC IJ = C H B K ı
B
ngi (T a b le 1 1 0 )
c
Ca = 2 5
2 5 × 190 × l H B = 19 0
nee
=
1 (h a r d n e ss < 3 50 B H N ) (T a b le 1 1 1 )
Ķ l
=
2
= 4 75 N / n ın ı
3 C e n tr e d 如此a n G e
rin
g.n
d = 80 m m d2 = 32 0
ı
r
3202 200 m m
a = (d l +d22 = (8 o + =
m .
N
-
o r ın a
D l co s
l
P
n ıo d
(fr o m
u le
E qn 2 5) m d e rc u
To
ttin g ,
a v o
z
.
e
id in te r fe r e n c e a n d
2 1 4 fo r s t u b to o th t
3
z - . /
ı co
s P W z l - 12
80 x co s 45 ° .
3 34
12 = 12/ o o8 4 5° . 3 3 9 =
X
T
-
4 d 14 , d
a ıı
' " a e ta n da rd m o d u le Ta ke m
.
. a n z
l
-
' .
m o d ify P
80 45 57
P
°
=
4 =
J1]4
て口
ö 0 6 × 200 - 10 0 m m V - 0 5 (a s s t1Jo ıe d )
= w z
(E q n 2 3 )
)O n x x 4
»
- 17 6 nnnn
G p
- -
P o
s s in 45 5
b > 17 6 m m S a t is fa c to r y
A 10

to r q u e
l n
es g
&
p 10
3
x 60
14 ×
13 37 N 3
=
m = 13 3 7 × 10 N
M t
=
2 x R x 10000 m m
d)
1 (a s s u m e
kQ ￡
b ld l
= 100/80 = 1 25
X
, ￡
in b e a r in g s c lo e e to ge a ra an d s y ın r e tr ic a ı
,u n ı .
w e ge t
1 14 ,
Ta b le
k
丽
. 一
買x
15 w do t h a v e th e d a t a r e q u ir e d io r V = 4 1 9 m l*
In T a b le ı ,
e n o
iılıu D l v a lĐ k d - 1 3 is t a k e n a s s ııın irıg ı s q u a lıty $

t h e n ıa ) ￠ , ,
350
fo r B H N <
g»
ww
JrS l
m ítl = k o k Kd M ,
- l
d
× 1 15 × 1 3 × 13 37 × 10
3
. 20 × 10 N ım a
w f in d u tr e
la t io n o c e s ss e s
& C a lc u æqn 2 13 }
Ob = 0
7
i+ 1
a bm n}u
- m i ll
.Ea =
o
200
7 × 1 )× 2o
× 100 × 4 ×
×
O 58
1o
z syE =
=
3 20 / 80
z ď co 5 P
3
= 4
= 14/ co s
3
45 5T = 40 8
(T
W
b ļe
Z B)
1 16 i
ngi
a
= 4 6 5 ifo r 4 0 t e e th )
- 0 4 65/ 0 8 = 0 58 (fo r s t o l» t o o d ı)
= 1 5 N /m m
2
< < [o b ] = 105 N /2
nee
S a t is fa c to r y
(E w 2 m
rin
g.n
10
5
N /n m a
2
° e
5 1
. 2 I × 10 *
7 B
=
=
0 7
12 6 8 N / m
d iın
n ı <
2
io
k ĺ. ] = 4 7 5 N / ın
(R e Ĺ E q ı
ın
2 1 4 to 2 17)
._ To r y
t
a s ic e n s n s
ıe e a
ı
d su ffıx 2 fo r w
s u flix 1 fo r p in io n a n
°
i= 1 = \ × ı4 = 56
.
z =
z
a æ 38 】a m
[ " " "

"
' - - ・ # °
- .
-
'"
A4 1

0 3 × 4 « IZ n tn \
Iıı d r iv e n b y a
n
o rpm
lııır » t a o tıt t n
p b l* 4t A ı
・
t\ w
ro m Đ ı\ m p w ıı
ı ı
r u r ao
ıl) h o llo u l g e a r ı
r
\ lı» ı
180 k w 14 4 0 \ m o tl w th r u u d ı
\ ł
t a ıı{ jo l« n p p r o x ł
ľ p ıı m a te l
# d ł
,
Tı \ « o o l \ t ıı
ıı '
y
h * v ln « h e lix a n # h * łt f * Iv i l
t o e ıa n t t ıe d r iv e n
.
« «l ı ı
b ・ fı» r l*
4oo m T h d ı m n t tï r plnlołlı to
k d lt lo D e ılg ıı
ıı o o n m
.
o d lu m ıo o .
ı* łw l= t o o* ı
ıt ıt * * ıA ııu m e m
.
(A p r ' 9 8 )
t h * « * ・r p * lr ,
ww ı 鳥医長l* r i确 lı
、
Ħw o tī
D
4 6 to r g # d
a
w n
«r
*
y
H B a 2 9
.
= 7 10 N /
860 N
.Ea
n ım
r \m
a
(T a b le 1 1 8 )
= 660 N /m
syE
C S 66
m
e a ıt a to ・1
*
f tv . 4 00 N / n ı
ın
a N B = 19 0 (T a b le 1 1 8 )
p in io n
S in m
d
tı
ı・
c h ・c
ı
n a tu i・la fo
k th ・ g ・a r
・
r p in io n
ngi an d ge a r a re d iffe re n t , d e s ig n th e
nee
a n
rin
g.n
e t
L ifo = 5000 ho u rs (a s 8 t u n e d )
7
N = 60 00 × 60 × 14 4 0 - 43 × 10 c y c le s
7
X öt = 1 (s te e l Æ B ,
< 860, N > 10 )
a
= 1 4 8 2 N / l» m
知戛」= C B 辺旨
ヨヨ戈t
Ala

\ M
,
ıl
ı ıł
ıı￠ ı
￠￠- 4 1ł
4ı ııt ıl ı n ı ıf lr * iıi ı
ıl \n ・ı
v r ￠lv * m
!￠￠￠ın D (Ð»ln 2 7)
rlt
..
ı ・
ı *
i . ı4 4 61/ # lło 4
la 4 ￠!ł! p
gp p ï RJ
・ '
A II w l ı
*
-
l*ıe4 Jr JR 72
X
ww !
P
lı
Ë
l
n n ł / ılır \ ı
,
・
n * Ħ/ 》ln Z fı"
lfłn * » lıiı
n
. 吕四 4 7 m ni
w
,ł n
b ,
Ił, ı H » lI» fiłc tt tp y
4 ,
D ı
e ıı*n
A tı
t ıłr i ı
ıß fııf
u
.Ea *
\l\1m h ok (T * b l・ 1 1 a )
syE
lt\« ￠ ı n
ı
A ıı4 (rıı, ı łr iı r in n a k ı an d ym e tr ic a l, fr o m
ngi g e łtn n m
- ı» ı ıgı ı
丁H h l» 1 14 )
n l ln l
nee
r n X
V = 11 98 m / ı
0 0 ıi lO U D 60 10 0 0
×
lc a l g e a r iı
I8 q u n lit y 吕 h * ı \d ・r e d d fo r
v p ln c lly ł a n
p ￠łp lh ı* con a
rin
M ,
-
T '
n
u
İ2 ļ
"
- 094 7 N m = geĄ 7 × 10 N
a
a
m m
g.n 10
a
N
e
1 ß× 1 1 4. x 1 4 9 94 7 ıo 2a 81 a × m m
su ll . A u A A il M × × .
. ,
t
t
,

6 . D e e ig n s tr e ss e e fo r ge a r
(E q n
【
O N
协 1
-
\ 0 1
.
1 4
2
×
×
l
1 6
× 28 1 1 1)
50 (T a b le 1
◆ ı= 0 22 (Đ . + q )+ 8)
2
4 0 0 )+ 6 0 281 N /m m
0 2 2 (6 5 0
=
= +
2 (s te e l ca s t, n o rm a lis e d ) (T a b le 1 9
ı
ı= , )
k. 1 6 (T a b le 1 7
=
)
N = 5000 X 60 X n 2
heel
uı
7
= 6000 × 60 × 360 - 10 8 × 10 cyc e s l
7 (T a b le 1 6 )
K - 1 (s te e 1ßB < 3 50, N > 10 )
bı
2
= 13 1 13 N / n am
ww [O c 】
w he e l
- CB H B K ct
CB - 2 5
(E q n 1 3 )
( a b le 1 1 0 )
T
w ł
\
=
=
2 ó
.Ea
4 75 N / m
× 19 0
m
×
2
1 H B
K n
i
=
= 190
1
(s u r fa o e h a r d n e ss < 350 B H N )
(T a b le 1 1 1 )
7 In d u c e d syE s tr e s s e s in th e ge a r
c rb 1J 1 = C íb z y z
ł
(s u fñ × 1
ĝ åĝ ngi
p in io n ,
su ffix 2 ge a r )
nee
a rb a - ?bı - 31 9 ・
, - - 96 7 - 100
.
2
= 26 2 N /m m
< [O b ]w hee l
- 13 1 1 3 N / m m
2 J u
- 0 505
rin (T a b le 1 1 6 )
Cic 2
= O c l
= 4 9 4 3 N / 立u n
2
E g.n
> [O c lw he e l
- 4 75 N /
T h e in d u c e d c o n t a c t s t r e s s in t h e g e a r is s lig h t ly ģr e a te r th a n th e
e r m i ss i bl e v a l ue . h e s o l ut i on m a y b e p r o b a b l y s a t i sf ac t o r y . o b e o n
m m
e t
t h e s a fe s id e , th e g e a r m a y b e fla n ıe h a r d e n e d s o t h a t th e p e r m is s ib le ,
s tr e s s c a n b e in c r e a s e d
P b le m 5 D e e ig ıı a p a ir o f C I b e v e l g e a r s fo r a s p e c ia ıp 1u ]? o s e
r o
m a c h in e t o o l t o t r a i ıe m it 3 ￡ k w fr o n ı a s h a R a t 5 0 0 r p m t o
a n o th e r a t 8 0 0 rı»n ı T h e g e a r s o v e r h a n g iıı t h e ir a h a ft « L ife
r 曾 q u ir e d is 吕心0 0 h o 髓 r s
1 M a te r ia ı s e ı
e c t io n
'
C I gr a de 3 0, c í. - 300 N /2 B - 22 0 (T a b le 1 1 8 )
,
8 . T he ge a r tıat ru n s t g r è a te r r p n
a ı w ill h a T e am a u e r d ia ın e te r an d
t lıa t g e a r is co n s id e r e d a s t h e P
1 4

e ıi移强国宝r 嚇調际

墨 D
1 4 K bł
O (E q n ın
o û】
ı ・ ı
N . 80 0 0 × 60 boo 38 4 7
× g × 10 c Jrc l«
1 4 × 0 867 × 13 6 (? a b h 1 6)
2 × 1 2
. - -
q . 0 667
Ka = 1 2 (T ・b lo 1 7 )
n = 2 (T a b h 1 9)
2
= 62 5 N / n u ıı 0 ı
= 0 46 o
ı
ı
= 0 46 × 300 ( ı8 1
a
= 13 6 N / m a
to . 】 C H B K (E q ıı ı3 )
ww cl
-
B
w B
« A 3 (m b l・ 1 1 0 )
23 220 0 64
.Ea
× ×
=
N B = 220
目sy題酱园 "
4 D O t o En
IU ,) . I o * *d M
gin H ,
=
8 6
:
S
×
x * x
10P ×
8 00
60
5 l 25 × 1 3 × 4 ı7 8 × eer
ı0
3
a
N
ing ı
ıQ = 1 26 (m
m d
iı
w
ıh o c u
fo r (T a b h 1 ı3 )
.ne
= 8 7 × ıO ı
ıu n M = 1 S (・ııı\u n ed )
d
m ıA × m × 67 88 × le p
3 × l l ￠◆ ' ı6
ìF j
とı罅卫爱
国
1 5

e, M o d \t ı
e ı n lt
( lh lĺ ı a
,
, l0 )
*
R 轵 ï ı l
O ßn r￠ I
ip
- 1 0 (n ı» tłlrt » d)
I
i l /I I * 1 0 X 10 H2
10 0 2 . 0 ß x n łr X 2 0 X ll , i￠ıJ .
in Ħ i ßlD
ß - 11
￠ ,
T R a u #m n* »
ıö z
ta ł ı
ı 1 n t fł (Æ{ł
n a e) , ,
ww 111 « ÐO 6a » ÐO tiB 1
1 8 2"
w d la lJ
=
.Ea
￥ ıM a u
= 20
l ity
× 6 - 100
n d
1\
m ı
tt!
n
L Į X ¡0 0 8 9 1 . 4 2 m /=
V ılin
p lto ı
.
syE ii 10 0 0
n o v e o c "
8o
o × 1o o o ×
lit e b ņ v e t g o ta r irı to b o
F o r t h o a b o v e p itc h lin ・ v e lo c ity , ls q u a y
ı・lo o te d (T a b le 1 2 1 )
k d - 1 6 6 (H a r cln e m < 3 6 0 B H N , fo r V u p to
8 m /ıı ) (T łıb l・ 1 1 6 )
ngi
W
4
p
»
° b / d la u
1 1 (V
p
<
= 8 7 78 / 10 0
1, H B < 3 6 0)
- 0 88
nee (T a b le 1 1 4 )
rin
9 3
[M t] 1 2 6 . × 1 l × 1 66 × 4 1 78 × 10 . 89 × 10 N m ı
n
e . C a o u la t io
ı n o n du
f ı o e d ıt r e r ıe ı
g.n (E q n 8 19 )
O b -
(R 0 5 b )?b m ü
Z￠
q
=
u
z v co l Ö, = 20/ c o 8 32g . 24
e (E q n 3 2) t
yu = 0 4 14 fo r 2 4 te e th (T a b le 1 1 6 )
1 13 2 4 1 6 12 1 × 89 × 10
3
2
(1 1 8 2 0 6 × 3 7 73) × 37 78 × 6 × 0 4 14
a z
. 22 8 N í-,
< [o b ] . 62 6 N / m m 9 . Ti. Fa a . Ry
in
-
t >
. . 4 × 10
6
×89 . "
a
84.
2 Nl m . 1 [į o]= 2 ? 8 N/ m z
A 16

In d u ce d s tr e ss i8
a r g in a lly m
g r e a te r t h a n th e p e r m is s ib le v a lu e
(n o t gre a te r th a n 10% f t h e p e r m is s ib le v a l
o
1o) u e ) T h is m a y b e p r o b a b ly
s a tis fa c to r y T o b e o n th e s a fe s id e t h
e c a s t ir o n
d, beca
, g e a r s r a a y b e fla m e
h a rde n e u s e s u r fa c e h a r d
n e s s in c r e a s e s th e s ţ r e t ı th a n d d
g u r a b iliw
o f th e su r fa c e
10 B a s ic d iın e n s io n s (E q n 3 9
s - _ 3 16 )
R - 113 2 m m
A dde n du '
m an g le e . - ţ an (m t/ R ) = ţ a n
'
(6 / 1 1 3 2 ) = 3 03°
D de n du '
e m a n g le e f - t a n [m t (fo + c y R ] c = 0 2
'
- ta n [ 6 (1 + 0 2113 2 ]= 3 64°
T ip a n g le (p in io n ) 61 e. 32
= + - + 3 03 . 3 5 03°
T ip a n g le (g e ar ) 62 ea 58 3 03
= + - + - 6 1 03 °
R
ww oo t a n gı
e (p in io n ) 61 e 32 3 64
=
f
- = 28 36°
R oo t a n g le (g e a r ) = 62 e = 58 3 64 54 3 6 °
f =
w P CD
PCD
T ip d ia
(o u
.Ea m
t s id e
(o u t s id e ) o f g e
e te r
) o f p in io n
o f p in io n
a r =
=
d2
da 1
d
-
-
1 =
32t
m
z
1m
t( 1 +
z
-
t
=
32
2
20
co s
×
×
õ1)
6
-
-
192
120
m
n ım
T ip d ia m syE e te r o f ge a r da2 -
-
m
6 (2 0
{
t z 2 +
+
2
2
co s
co s 3 2 °) =
62 )
13 0 1 7 6 m m
P r o b le ın 6 D ig ıı a w o r m
e e ngi - 6 (3 2 + 2
g e a r d r iv
co s
e
5 8 °) = 1 9 8 3 5 9
ińth a sta n
n ım
d a r d c e n tr e
d is t a n c e
to a w o r ın
to t r a n s m it 7 6 k w
w h e e ı a t 2 0 r p ın nee fr o ın a w o r n ı r o t a t in g a t 1440 r p m
ı M a
W
te r ia ı s e le
S te e l
c t io n
rin
g.n
o rm
2
M Th e e l B ro n z e ch ilı
e d c a s t in g , c iı >
t
3 9o N /m m
[? b ] = 1 1 o N / m
[c 'c ] = 159 N / m m
n ı
2
2
(r o t a t io n in
fo r V a
= 3 m
o n e
/8
d ir e c t io n )
e t
2 C a lc r ıla t io n o f c e n tr e d is t a n c e
i) A ssu m e N o o f s ta r ts Z - 1
i - 14 40 / 2 0 - 72
z = iz = l × 72 = 72
z lie s b e tw e en 25 a i ıd 85
C hoose g - 1 1 (in it ia lly )

iii) A s s u n ıe iııit ia lly ı
e le d - 1
P ow er x 60 ro s u x tiu
3 581 N
ıe e ıb o r q
iv ) W ı u e -
2xtcxrpınwheel
-
2 x i x iö - m
3
a& tl = l o 8 M l l 3681 × 10 f￠o 1 (a ssw ıe d)
【 at ￠
= × × = ı
3
= 3681 × 10 N
h w

8 , l * l m o d u lo c a lo u ı
a tio n
(T a b la 4 2 )
m .
2 ￠ı
.
3x 3 49
. 8 3 m n\
.
T ake m .
= 10 n m
ı (ıt« n d a r d )
R*
ww4 ,
modiing
v
N
lı・
ow ,
a
a
*n
i*
d o b t ・In d l
r e o a la u la te cl to a rr v o i a t a ıt ı
m da rd c øn tr e d iıta n ce
w a =
=
0 6
4 16
q
m
ıı1 .Ea
,
(q + * )- 0 6 × 10 × (1 1 72) (T a b le 4 2 )
ı・ń ・ı
N ・a r e a
(P 4 1 8 )
t
syE
= ta n da rd con tr ・ d iıt n n ee iı 4 0 0 n m
ı ,
a c c o r d in g to R 10
N
400
o w
=
,
w ・ ı
ıto d
0 6 × 1 0 × (q + 7 2 )p
iu q
q - 8 ngi
CD o f tho wo rm dl ・ n
g ı. . 8
nee
×10 - 8 0 mm
(E q n 4 10)
V 1
=
p itc h lin e v e lo c ity o f th e
rin w o rm
.
'
=
60
rrd
×
t" Į
10 0 0
ī =
1C x
60
80
×
×
100 0
14 4 0
.
g.n6 03 m
l í
/8
{
e S in ce > 4 m / e , [Č , ] h a
ta
a
n 7 -
to b e m o d ifie d
Z /q - 1/ 8 ,
Č 】ie
【.
7 - 7 12 6 °
re du
e
c ıd by 15 % to t
a ccou n t fo r th e in c r e a e e d epeed
2
[o . ] = 1 6 9 × 0 86 = 13 6 N / m m
'
7 .
R ev ia e k d an M t】fo r th e
d 【 a c tu a l p itc h lin e v e lo c ity o f , th e w heel
W o rm ep e e d (r p m ) × m 14 4 0 × (Z n m . ) (E q n 4 12 )
V2 =
60 × 10 0 0
r = '
60 × 10 0 0
, !!
14 4 0 × l x n x 10
- 0 75 m /8
60 × 10 0 0
e in c * V2 - 0 76
. m / a (le a 8 th a n 3 /8 ),
n ı kd - 1
3 3
W ti] = 6 0 k K d M t
= l × 1 × 1 × 8681 × 10 . 368 1 × 10 N m
ı n
M ￠] iß u n a lt e r e d
A 18

8 D e te r ın in a tio ıı o f in d u
. c e d a tr e a ße a
14 1 9 N / 2
= m m > [? . ] = 13 5 N / m m
2
In d u c e d s t r e s s is m a r g in a ll
y g r e a te r (n o t g r e a te r th a n 1 o r lu ) t h a n
th e p e r m is s ib le v a lu e a n d th e d e s i n
g m a y ĥ e p r o b a b ly ts a t ia fa c t o r y
? b =
W .
1 9 × 3581 > 10
3
śE q n 4 9)
3 3 a 3
Æ qzyu 10 × 8 × 72 0 499 z /co 72/co 7 12 5 °
# × eq
- z 8 7 - ts
ww =
<
23 7 N /m
ic b l = 1 1 0 N
m
2
/ ıD H ı2
l u
=
=
73 7
0 499
. 80
(T a b le 1 1 6 )
9
w E ffic ie n c y
.Ea F ıid in g
syE
ta n 7 o r s
n = o 95
ta n (r + p) v e lo c it ie s g r e a t e r th a n 3 m /ß,
ta n 7 1 2 5 ° ￠ı0 0 3 fr o m F ig 4 7
- 0 95
0 763
x
ta n (7 125° + 1 7 1 8 °)
ngi ta
P
n
=
P - P - 0 03
1 7 18°
nee
=
10 H e a t r e ın o v a l a n a ly s is
(1
(ļ
n )×
0 7 63)× 7500
In p u t p o w er
- 10 ×
-
40
( (to
×A
t )A
a
T ake K t
= 10 W / m
rin 2 %8 4 15)
g.n
.
to t = 4 0 °C
2 a
ie ,
A - 4 44 m
B
W
a a
o r m
ic d iın
L e ń g th
e n s io
o if
'
*
n s
on iı L 2(11 + O b 6 z )m .
e (T a b te į 6)
t
(1 1 + 0 06 × 7 2 )5 « 1 0
163 2 n ım
L = L + 35 = 153 2 + 35 = 18 8 2 m na (w ith g r in d in g a llo w a n ce )

ı
N be r
t u ıı o f th r e a d s on w orm = L Vn m
.
= 1 8 8 2 / (n X 1 0 ) = 5 9 9 - 6
f 6 6 10 188 4 9
g th
l le x rrm x n x m m
A c tu a n o w o rn ı -
.
- -
p itc h d ia n ıe te r o f tlıe w o rm d ı
- 80 m m
P r o ]n T a b le 4 2 , T ip d ia ı
ııe te r da1 - d1 + 2m «
= 80 + 2 3( 1 0 . 10 0m m
R oo t d ia n ıe t e r d
fı
- d l
2m x
2c (6 = 0 3 m J
= 80 2 × 10 2 )< (0 3 × 10 )į 5 4 M m
A 19

W lıe ￠t l (T a b le 4 6
)
F a c・ w id t h o f th e w heat
b * o 76 d t = 0 76 × ß0 = 80 m m
72 × 10 = 72 0 田 m
IP p o m T a b l・ 4 2 ,
l2 - z m .
.
2 )1 0 74 0 m m
da z = (z + 2 )m «
= (7 2 + =
d rł= (1 2 )m 2c (c = 0 3 m J
.
2 0 3 × 10 - 694 m m
e i (7 2 2 )1 0 ×
d. 2 2m (T a b le 4 6 )
M a x im u m w h e e l d ia m e te r d e2 2 + .
d « a 2 74 0 + 2 × 10 = 760 m m
th e d i】n e n s io n s w ith th o s e
N o t ・1 d v is e d to c o m p a r e
T h・ a tu d e n t in a
t o r q u e o n th e w h e e l i8
th e p r o b ie m 吕 th e
g iv e n fo r p r o b le m 4 1 In b o th
b e t w e e n th e c e n tr e d is t a n c e s
ww ıĤ M e b u t t h e r e i8 a s m a ll diference
P r o b le m 7 1 D e ılg n a R a t b e lt d r iv e t o t r a
o f t h a d r iv e r p u u e y S p e e d r e d u c t io n ia t o
n s ın it 6 k w a t 900 r p m
b e 2 6 1 A s s u ın e t h a t
wt h ・ ı・r v lo e lı l e h o u r a a d a y
ı P lle y d la rııe t e r
u
.Ea b e lt d f 20 m /8 , w e fın d th e
R e fe r to T a b le 1 o 6 A a e tıın in g spee o
syE
a
d th e co rre s pon d in g N o o f
m in im u m d ia m e te r o f p u lle y a s 1 8 0 m m a n
p lle ı - 4
A c tu a l b e lt ßp e e d =
O õ ngi
-
"
60 × 10 00
= 8 48 m / s
T h iı ıp e e d i吕 m u c h le 吕8 th a n th e a s a u m e d v a lu e
a n d fin d b e lt s p e e d a s n x 2 0 0 ×
C hoose d 2 00
9 0 0 / (6 0 × 1 0 0 0 ) 9 4 2 m / s F r o m nee =
-
rin
m m
T a b le 1 0 6 fo r t h e b e lt a p e e d 1 0 m /e a n d d - 2 0 0 m n ı N o o f p lie s - 6 ,
C ・n
D
tr e
- id
d lıt a n c
= 2 6 × 2 00
e
- 500 m n ı
R e fe r to p a r a 1 0 8 F o r fla t b e lt, g.n

p
8 .
o w e r
D e te rm
C m in . 2 (D
in a t io n
+
o
d ) = 2 (6 0 0 + 2 0 0 ) = 1 4 0 0 m m
f v a r io u s fa c to r a a n d c a lc u la t io e n o f d e s ig n
t
L oa d co r re c tio n fa c to r R ・
= 1 3 (T a b le 1 0 6 )
(fo r in te r m itte n t lo a d 吕)
A f ta c t
d
60 180 \ 60
İ
r" co n . = ・
A r c o f co n ta e t co rr ec tim h c to r = 1 04 (T a b le 1 0 7 )
Bm a ıp u lle y fa c to r
ı Ķ - 0 6 e 10 8 )
(T a b ı
(fo r d - 10 0 M m 200 m m )
D im łw
R a ￠a d kW Bq
a = = 12 5 k w
Ķ × 1 04 × 0 6
Aą o

t i ım o f b a łt
&
ıti# łı s p d ti
n b r ic b e lt (li h
e e
g t d u ty ) is s e ı e c te d It a it y iß o 0 2 3
l p tr a t 10
c a p a c
a t 1 8
ıw in ım
,
& o ııı T a b le 1 o 9
ıJ o * d r a ā ııg c o r r e c t io n
ı
&
C « * ı\ m th e lo a d r a t it ıg to th e ac tu a l d f th e b e ı
t
s pe e o
Spe*d o f th e b e lt = 9 42 m / s
ra t ın g a t 9 42 l s L
l ıı = o a d r a t iııg a t 10 m / s x (9 4 2 / 1 0 )
= 0 0 23 9 42/ 10
× = 0 02 17 k w / n u ıı/ p ly
& B « ı
t w id rd h
w ıđt h o t beł
t = ËO l w e r
ı
o a d ra t iııg × N f p lie
-
o o s o o21 7 × 5
= 115 2 m m
T fu s m d tìı is r o t ın ded « to
o 125 m m (T a bı
e 1 0 1 0 ) fo r 5 p Ķ b e lt
? .
B e Bi ı
m g ti
n fo r o p e ıı d r iv e
ww L = ĐC .
į (D . d )・ (E q n 1 0 n
w =
=
2
3 920
× 14 0 0
m .Ea
m
+ 50 0 + 20 0 )+
\ i - 3 9 15 6 m m
&
= B e
Ħr id t i
tt w id Yth
n
syE + 13 m m
(T a b le 10 2 )
p n »b ı
* n
= ı2 5
&
+
D
ı3 -
e a ig
138
ıı a
m
n
m
ıt v e a & b e ngi fo r th e fo lıo w in g d a t a P o w e r
ı
»
=
tb e it ıe d
3 Į D i m o e b e tw
tr = n u u n ・ 22 5 kw
e e n th e P
D r iv e
_
nee r
=
s p
3 m
e e d 7 4 0 r p ın S p e e d r
=
L a r g e p r ılle y d i a m e
a t io
t e lp
=
ı D
ı3 ı=
× 1 2 d = D /i = 1 3 - 0 4 lıı = 4 00 m m
rin (r i ı 98)
ı D ıd p p o m ar -
R a te d ıW
ı × ıĻ
× Ķ K *
= 1 5 (a s s u ıııe
g.n d) (T a b le 10 6)
225 × ı5
A rc o f c o ııt a e
= 180
t
e Q J
C
× 60
t
400
且 v g 冒呙・p 口 = 互吕リ × 辱り
3000
= 16 4°
= 39 65 kw = 1 064
h ıt i « » ı) (T a b le 1o 7)
= 1 8 (T a b le 1 0 名)
墓每日ı
、・ e t iı
制匡 r も国虹 F 曜 t d ııc と细出台昭轻治国ワ出国孑) is s e ł
e e cłe d ı自匦虹旧屋
» ıh & o a e ņ k w /ıa m /Þy * t ıo m
ł ıt 1 8 0
°
fr o ın T a b le 1 0 9
g i*

4 _ ıo , a d r a tin g c o rr e c t io n
ttd n i
L in v eı
o c ity o f th e b e lt = V =
1o 00
e a r 60 ×
400 × 74 0
n x . 15 5 o 1/ 8
100 0
=
60 ×
tin g a t 1 0 m /s x 1 5 5/ 1o
ıo a d in g
r ra t in g a t 15 5 m /8 = ıo a d in g
r
ra
1 5 6 / 10 = 0 0 4 4 8 k w / m m / p ly
= 0 0 28 9 x
B d b e lt s p e e d 1 5 5 m /8 (1e 8 8
5 e lt w F o r d ia n ıe te r 4 0 0 m m a n
id t h
T a b le 1 0 5
th an 2o m u m b e r o f p Į ie s m a y b e
ls ), n ta k e n a s 6 fr o m
39 65
D e s ig ņ p o w e r - 14 7 5 m m
r r ıu w u ı o e iL =
N f li s 0 U4 4 ö x o
ıo a d in g r a tin g × o o
r p e
T h e w id th is r o u n d e d o ff o t 1 5 2 m m (T a b le 1 0 1 0 ) fo r a 6 p ı y b e lt
ww
w .Ea
7
P
P n ı
=
le y W id t h
B e lt w id t h syE + 25 m m - 152 + 2 5 -
d r iv
177 m
fo
m
th fo u in g d a ta
ngi
b le V b e lt e o w
r o n ı 9 D e s ig 】ı a e r
P - 22 5 k w S p e e d r a t io = 3 D r iv e r sp e e d = 7do r p m
ı B lt t io n fo r P 22 5 kw fr o m T a b le 1 0 1 1
nee
e se c t io n S e le c t C ' '
sec =
, :
2 .
P u lle y D i a ın e te r
(T a b le 1 0 1 1 )
R e Ĝ o m l n ie n d e d d ia r a e te r d - 200 m n ı
rin
g.n
4 N o m iııa ıp it c h 】
e n g th
e t
L = 2C ・ g{D + d )・ V
= 2 × 600 + 6oo + 2 o o)+ \
= 2 523 2 m m
N e a r e s t s ta n d a r d n o m in a l p itc h le n g th fo r a C b e lt i8 2 4 9 4 m M
fr o ııt D e s ig n D a t a B o o k N o m in a l in s id e le n g th is 2 4 3 8 m n ı S p e e ifie a ń o n
o f tł ıe b e ı t is C 2 4 3 8
& S e le c t io n o f v a r io u s m a t i o n fa c to rs Jf 4 lı ! .
Ë
C d r r e c t io n h c to r F . = 0 92 ' ! /
,
"
(D a t a B oo k)
Se r v ic e E ıc to r F .
- 1 4 (T a b le 1 0 1 6 )
8 22

A f D d
rc o con ta c t = 180 × 60
C
e 180 × 60 - 14 0 ・
600
o 89 (T a b le 1 o 1 6 )
6 M a x i ın ım p o w e r c a it y
p a c
0 09 14 2 7
M
ı r = (1 4 7 F 2 34 × 10 4
9 2 )8 (T a b le 1 0 1 7 )
N d n l 200 74 0
S - b e lt s p e e d 7C X ×
. = . 7 76 m /»
"
60 × 1000 60 × 1000
: į F 1 1 4 fo D /d 3 (T a b le 1 0 1 8 )
-
b r .
d = d X F - 200 × 1 14 228
e p b - m m
0 09
= (1 4 7 × 7 75 2 34 4 2
ww
× 10 × 7 75 )× 7 76
= 4 5
w N r ıın
n b
b
.
e r
Tm
o
W
f b
.Ea
× F
e
.
lt s
x F d ım
22 5
× 0 92
× 1 4
× 0 89
- 8 65 - 9 b e tt a
syE
ngi
nee
P r o
=
b le
584 4
ın 10
m m
d r iv e t o t r a l ıs ın it 6 k w a t 9 0 0 r p ııı
D e g jg n a c h a in
rin
o f
n ıo t u
a s p r o c k e t p in io n
rt e d o n a n a d
S p e e d r e d u c t io n iß 2 6 1 D r iv in g ın o t o r i=
b u s a b le b a B e A s ßu ın e t h a t ıo a d is a t e a d y } d r iv e
t
g.n
is h
1 T
o
o o
r i z o n t a l a n d s e r v i c e i8 1 6 h o r ır e /d a y
z
1
th
=
n u ın
27
b
fo r i - 2 5
e r s
(M U O e t 9 6 )
fo r ßp r o c k e tß e t'
(T a b le 1 1 4 ) t
8 2
- iz l = 2 5 × 27 - 67 5 - 67 (p r e fe r a b le t o h a v e a n o dd n u m ber)
A c tu a l s pe e d ra d io i = 6 7 / 2 7 = 2 4 l (e m a il d e v ia t io n c a n
í. b e to le r a t e ċ L )
2 . S e le c t io ıı o f p it c h
T a ke P - 15 875 m m fo r z l - 27 a n d n ıa x im n m B p r o c l￡je t s pe ed
= 13 00 r pn ı, fr o n ı T a b le 1 1 5 (Ħ n io n ep ro eke t n ın B a t 900 rp m o n ly )
S C e n tr e d 血姑a n G e
a - (3 0 5 0 )p (E q n 11 3)
30 × 1 5 8 7 5 to 6 0 × 15 87 5, 4 7 6 2 5 to 79 3 7 5 ın
N ı
a =
A2 3l

Take a = 4 76 26 m m
ith m = 1 O l kg/ m(T a b le 1 1
4 . A s s \ım e s in ıp le x c h a in 1 0A 1 / R ÕO w 6)
,
6 T ta l ı s id e f c h a in P T
- P t + + P S (E q n I 1 4 )
. o o a d on th e d r iv in g o ,
(E q n I 1 5
T a n g e n tia ıfo r c e p , - 1 0 2 0 N l u )
N - 6 lsw
15 × 9 00
z l x p
x n l 27 × . 6 43 m /s
u =
.
60 × 10 00
60 × 1000
P t
= 1020 × 6/ 6 43 = 951 78 N
2
(E q n 11 6)
Ą = m u
2
. 1 01 × 6 43 . 4 1 76 N
(E q n 1 1 7)
P = k w a
.
(T a b le 1 1 7 )
k - 6 fo r h o r iz o n t a l d r iv e
(w e ig h t p e r m e tr e )
ww = ó × 10 I
w
×
=
4 76 25
m g -
×
1o 1 N /m
10
3
. 28 86 N
1022 4 N
w P EP 9 5 1 7 8 + 4 1 75 + 28 86 =
= -
T
7 . D e s
ks
ig n
=
11
lo
.Ea a
Kz
d -
I3
P p x
k4 Kõ 26
k,
(T a b le s 1 1 8 to 1 1 1 3 )
syE k,
k2
-
=
1 (fo r
1 (fo r
c o n s ta n
a d ju s t a b le
t lo a
su
d)
p p o r ts )
ka - 1 (fo r a -
1 (fo r h o r iz o n ta l d r iv
ngi
3 0 p to 5 0 p )
in c lin a t io n u p to 6 0 )
°
nee
24 -
e ,
k5 - 1 5 (a ssu m e d fo r p e r io d ic lu b r ic a ū o n )
1 × l × l
l26
× l
-
×
1 2 5 (fo r 1 6 h o le
1 5 × 1 25 - 1 8 75
s )
rin
g.n
=
D e s ig n lo a d = 1022 4 × 1 875 = 19 17 N
8 F a c to r o f s a fe ty - B re a k in g lo a d / D es ig n lo a d
e
.
k in g lo a d fo r 1 0 4 1 = 2 2 ,2 0 0 N (T a b le 1 1 6 )
B
n
re a
T h is
= 2 2 ,2 0 0 / 1 9 1 7
v a lu e is g r e a te r t h a n th e
- 11 5
re co m m en ded v a lu e g iv en in T a b le
t
9 C h e c k fo r w e a r o f r o u e r s
In d u ce d b e a r in g s tr e s s Č = P x ks / A (E q n 11 9)
,
(T a b le 1 1 6 )
Č > [ç i] N o t sa tis fa c to r y [c i] 2 2 4 N / 2
= (T a b le 1 1 1 4 )
10 M ia l 2
A ssu m e d r o p lu b r ic a tio n 25 - 1
Ł
k. = l × l × l × l × l × 1 25 - 1 25
D e s ig iı lo a d = 102 2 4 × 1 25 - 1278 N
A 24-

/ Ł= 2 2 , IW I/ 1 2 7 8 = 17 a ,
W = be dņ
{o }湃 2 2 z
Batieacry
,
. ı
11 ,
U n ￠
ıth o t c lłł* iłı
(E q n 11 8)
(N rJł
r ￠ı f li
:JX)ıĮJ n ff to a n e ven
°
n m
108 3 6
ber)
- 1 1 o lin k s
ww 4 P Tı
ı3 d ă t ıæ łĵ ı8
w
»
.Ea
Z + Z2
' ļ 2 7 + 67
e .
p
. 1 10 . 63
2 2
syĴEĹ M .
-
6 27
- 4 o 53
+ 4 6 az
ngi
4
8 × 4 o sa
× 15 8 75 . 4 89 63 m n ı
dń v e
C o n ıp a r e t
in p r o b ı en ı 7 nee cen tr e d is t a n ce w it h th a t o b ta in e d fo r a fla t b e lt
13 P it c h d ia ıııe te r ı o t s p r o c læ ta
rin (E q n 11 1)
P ro
F
b le m
p ro ce dtı
o r r e , r e te r to P r o b le m 11 1
1 ı D e = ig n a jo 1 ım a l b e a r in g fo r a centrifı gaı p ıın p g.n
r u n
o n
n in g a t 1 4 4 0 r p m
e a c h b e a r in g i￠ 2 0 k N
D ia n ıe t e r o f t h e journal is 1 0 e m a n d lo a d
A ı a o , g iv e n L /D = 1 ￡ a n d C /D = 0 0 0 1
(A p ŕ il 9 8 )
.
e t
L D = 10 0 n am L = 15 D = 1 5 × 10 0 = 150 m m
a r in
2 习k g p r 创晒 u re 尸一
万歹
一
150 女万万百一 1 i5 i5 爿 / n u n
6 2
= 1 33 × 10 N /m
3 B e a r in g c h a r a c te r ißtic n u n ıb e r r
j A īu Ļ 1 Ł 4 54 $ iT ttv ď ￡
,
ZN
= 28 44 × 1o
6
fo r c e ııt a l pu m p 11 + ť,l* ð /Ħ
,(Table 8 2)
：戸
6
2 81 4 × 10 Z = 0 02 62 7 k g/
-
= J
1ıi a iıup
,
x.
4 V ııc o ıit y o f th e o iŁ A M u m in g a n a v e r a g e t e m p e r a o f o il a s
T5 C '
& Ħg 8 2 6 , w e c h o o ee S A E 40 w
h ic h h a s Z ・ 0 0 2 3 P a ųs G W ni s )
,
om
A -25

6 U s in g M c k '
e e ß e q u a t io n ca lc u la te P
ïţ
I
× 14 4 0 0 0 02 0 0 10 12
X (1 0 0 0 ) + =
6
1 33 × 10
6 H e a t gen e ra te d H = tw
ı V = 7tD N / 10 00
'
g
= 0 0 10 12 × 2 0,000 × 7 54 - 1o × 10 0 × (1 4 4 0 / 6 0 1 0 0 0
= 1526 W = 7 54 m /s
7 L a sc h '
t io fo 360 ° b e a r h ıg
e g e q u a n r
'(A T + 1
H ea t d is s ip a te d in w a 忱s H d =
K
P Į Ĺ
il t e 】n p e r a h l r e to - 7 5 C
°
A v er a ge o
ww Su rro u n d in g a ir t e m p e r a tu r e ta - 3 0 C (ä s s lım
°
e d)
5 2 5 °C
w B e a r in
-
s u r fa ċ e te m p e r a t u tb -
g re -
.Ea AT
K -
- tb
o 2 7 3 °C
t
a
=
m
52 5
2
/W
30
a ssu m
- 2 2 5 °C
in g h e a N c o n s tr u c t io n
H (2 2 syE 5 + 18)
Z
m o 15 8 国国 90 12 W
a n d w e ll v e n tila te d b e a r in g
ngi
= =
d
0 273
H d < < ı
ı N o t sa t is fa c to r y
g
8
su
T o
g g e s te d
c a r ry o ff th e h e a t g e n era
nee
te d , p r e ss u re fe e d in g o f t h e lu b r ic a n t is
p e c ió c h e f
rin
il (1 7 1 0 J / k g C)
°
H H = ıııa s s flo w ra te x s a t o o
g d
x t e n ıp e ra h u e r is e in o iı(6 °C a ssu m e d)
į 1
1526
n io = 0
9 0 12
1 4 8
= M
c
x 1 7 10 × 6
l) Įi g.n
A ıt e Jn ıa t e
T r ia ı 1
a d tıt io n m in g S o e r f e l d n m ıb e r
e ı
6
t
1 A s su m e n ıin irııu m film t h ic k n e ss fıo = 2 5 lu ?ı - 2 5 × 1o- n ı
6
Z
b -
2 × 26 × 10
- 0 5
C 0 0001
(C / D = 0 0 0 1, C - 0 1 × 0 00 1 - 0 0 00 1 ıı
】 )
2 .
Fbom T a b le 8 1 , fo r 2 1ıo / C - 0 5 an d L /D = «o
,
S ・ 0 0 5 0 7 5 (b y in te r p o la t io n )
3 .
ıis v a lu e o f S ,
F o r tł pD / C - 1 36
3
ie p = 1 36 × 0 001 = l 36 × loT
,
È' ř
3
Z = 2 8 12 × 10 k g / ıııs

E is v w y s m a ll a ııd th e is SA E ity
r e n o o iı w ith t h is 1ń a c o a a t
m ,
iıı Ħig 8 2 6
T t ia ı2
1 ť ho )s
ı e lı{t - 4 5p m
2 6
× 4 S X 10
=, - 0 9
C 0 000 ı
X m lıı T a b le 8 1 , fo r 0 9 d L /D
-
a n = .
,
S . 0 24
(ł
S =
å ,
O 24 =
Z
:
1 33
× 144 0/ 6 0
× 10
6
X (1 0 0 0 )
2
S
Z - 13 3 × 10 kg/ m s
ww S
be
FB
m e e
Jo ı
t in g
F ig
o u r
8 2 6 , fo r
re q u ir e m
to
e n
- 7 5 °C
t A t ￠o
a n
-
d Z
7 5 °C
. 13 3
SA E
P a
20 h
s , w e
a s
fin d S A E
Z - 12 P a s
20 to
w
,
4 F or S ・ 0 24 L /D o o d P 360° f o m T b le 8 1 ,
.Ea
. a n =
a
D C N し
syE
ıs
P C A tn
二二二二卫
'
。 19 9 ngi (3 )
nee
P
3
& o m (1 ), ￥L = 4 8 × 0 00 1 = 4 B × 10
H e a t ge n e r a ûe d H
g
=
pW V _ 4 8 × 10
3
× 2 0 ,0 0 0
rin × 7 54
A s H d <
H a r t ilic ia l co o
=
lh ıg
724 w a
o r p
t ts
re s s u r e fe e g.n
d in g o f lu b r ic a ııt is
s t e d
r W /,
O l
p
× 0 000 1 ×
4q
(1 4 4 0 / 6 0 ) × 0 1 5
- 0 v o
e t
6 3
q - 27 27 × 10 m / s
4
142 10 M o
P C & fo × x
? (3 ), - 19 9 , - 19
p 1 33 × 10
.
4 2
pc 142 10 N /
'
. × n ı
°
C
i e ,
M o = 18 6 4 C
Į8
In le t - ra t tir e tl - lo - . - 6 5 6 8 °C ,
pe
O tu l2 t 1 + A to 65 68 + 18 64 - 8 4 3 2 °C
t le t o il t e n ıp e - =
u ra r e

3
Z 12 10 kg /m s a t
S A E 2 0 h a v in g
= ×
W e ó n d th s t th e lu b r ic a ııt du d to d is s ip a te t ł
ïe
in g is in tr
ffic ia ıc o o ł
o ce
T 5 e c is s\ıitabłp r o v id e d a r t
h e a t ge n e r a te d
iııg ir e
f 30 k N 1ıs w
c a r r ie s a lo a d o
P ro b le m ıx A n n rk sh o p c r a i ıe
th
Th d is lifte d w i
lo a
th d ia ï te r o f th e ro pe e
d rw u n is s (» t im e s e n e
P S = 6,
o f th e r o p
e
a
F in d th e d ia n ıe te r
a ï ı a c c e le ra t io n o f ım '
s
ı t io n o f th e ro ı»e
l s e c
B 8o kN
'
ĺ N /c
18o ı n ı c ı\ D s s
= n n na , % - ,
.
(O e ť 9G)
'
- 0 4 .
× ld i» o f ro p e )
FS 6 (g iv e ııı)
h ı t lıe p r o b ı
ı D e s ir e d = e n
ı5 (iııit ia lly )
ww D
A
es
ss um
ig n lo a d
e FS
=
=
T o ta ıı,o a d lw ) × F S = tw e ig lıt o f lo a d a iıd h o o k )× P S
Xw n ı
tlıe a
t lıe.Ea
=
T
(3 0
ie a t io * ı is fo
p pı
a b le
+ 1 5)× 1 5
a v a
r
a b le
iı
- 67 5 kN
in
w e
tı
ıe
u se
D
6
a
×
ta
37 ro
boo
pe
w e c h o o s e
d ia
q =
ıııe
ı7 5 o
te r o f t lıe
1 9 o o N / ııu syE n »p e
ıı
d
a
- 38
T b is
ııım
rope
,
fo
h
r
a s
gr
th e
o u p
b re
6
a
× 3 7,
k in g lo
c o r r e s
a
p
d g r e a te
o n d in g t o
r th a rı
th e d e s ig n lo a d
ngi
nee N o łııiııa l b r e a k in g
r o kN
s tr e n g th o f
rin
Z
fo r o - 1 7 5 0 to 1 9 0 0 N l m n ı
a
38 5 32 798
g.n
& D
D
- =
n n i ıı
3 0 (g iŢ e
= 30 ×
n
d
)
- 3 1» × 3 8 = 1 14 0 m m
e t
￠
& C ro e s s ie c t io ııa l a r E ia o f ro pe - 0 4d Ė im ı )
? a
= 0 4 × 38 . 5 17 6 ın ın
& W in e d ia m e te r d» = d / (1 5 » = S a f { 1 = 1 7 m m
(i = N o o f w ir es - 6 × 37 - 2 22 )
d le n g th f t lıe ro pe a s 10 m
6 _
u m e ıe o
W e t o f th e ro p e W .
- W e ig M p er tm it n ıe ł
z re (fin a n ta b le )× 1 0
= 53 2 × ı0 = 532 N = 0 5 3 2

n V a r io m lo a d a
.
D ir e c t lo a d Nd = W + W - 46 + 0 68 2 = 46 6a2 kN
,
B en d in g lo a d W - ? bA
ò
?b = Æ, D tu / D 8 0 ,0 0 0 z
m in =
× 1 7 / 1 14 0 . 1 1 9 ßN / m m
W = 119 3 × 5 77 6 6 8 ,9 1 0 N
b .
- 68 9 1 kN
A c c e le r a tio n lo a d w
.
-
( ) . -
\ . 1 (a a 1 m /ı )
2
« 4 6 kN
E EEe c t iv e lo a d on th e ro pe ,
ww W = W d + W b + W 45 53 68 91
..
.
- + + 4 6 - 1 19 k N
B k in g lo a d
8 W o r k in g (a c t u a D fa c to r o f ea fe ty
re a
w
-
田园
= 7 9 8/ 1 19
T h is F S i8 .Ea . 6 7
t is fa c to r y be c a u th e d e s ir e d
syE v a lu e iı 6 , g iv
aa se
, a ı en
in t h e p r o b le m
N W h e n c h e c k e d w ith T a b le 1 8 4 fo r e x t r e m e a it u a t io n i e fo r c la l ı
te
ngi
o
, ,
4 a p p c a t io n , fo r c
li r ,
th e r e q u ir e d F 8 ie 6 T h ia i8 in a g r e e m e n t
w it h th e v a lu e g iv e n in t h e p r o b le m
P
n ım
ro b le
o u
m
t a id
13
e
T h e le a d
d ia n ıe t e r
A c m e th r e a d ı o t 6 0
ßc r e w
It d r h re ı t h e t o o lı
a n d ıo
o t
nee
a
m
la t h e h a
m p it c h
ı
c a r r ia g e a n
w it h
d
o u t a id e
e x e r at a n a r i
d i a m e t e r ıo c m
a l p r e ıın r e o f 2 6 0 0 N
m
A c o u a r b e a r in g
d h ı» id e d ia ın e t e r 6 c ııı fı rin
p r 《》v id e d t o t a ı
r p ın l in d t h e e
￠e
fn c
n p th e t
ie n c y a tı d p o w
M t h e 如旧以・c r e w r o t a t e a a t 8 0
e r r e q u ir e d t o d r iv e t h e ・c r e w g.n .
T a k e c o e tlic ie n t o f in ic t io n fo r s c r e w t h r e a d = a ı 0 1 6 a n d to r
c o llm
T o r q
a = 0 12
u e C a ıe u l« tio n Æ
(A p r il' 9 9 )
d ı
po w e r r q n ir e ın e n t
.
e t
(E q n 14 2 )
Tr = W g2 t a ī ı( 1 + a ◆ )+ pr
2
p -
p itc lı= ı O
d = m e a n d ia ı
ııe te r
= m a io r d i t a r p itc h / 2
= 60 ı0 / 2 = 46 m m
0 154 9 ! ◆1 = 8 名
°
tţ a n \ ー
=
心口島 P 心0 1 14 5 0
=
= 0 16
P = 14 6 ° ? Ju a u e th pe a d
島 10
u = 4°
―
d 4ó
―
rr 囂×
骊ぴ?嚇
昏

76 加加
( 1 0 0 + ßo y z
*
ær ı
} f an llĦf *
￠ım 4 l d l￠
\w Ĥ ł
ı ın te
260 0 N
ıl
W = Ĥ x ln l ltatl -
00 x 70
ł0 j 2 x
ı(e Ħ ł )
Ť, # aao o X Ţ × te ł
4 "
= 2 4 0a o N m n ı・ 24 08 N ,
m
? ￠.
i ı 4 , a )￠a n -
￥
. .
0, w lu
l ı
.
y 7
pow e r ・
2
eo
eo
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ı lo in n o y
陇
w
2 6 0 0
wwp r o b t・m 1 4 1 A p o u
2 n x 24080
( h a v in g n
- 2 4 ) r o t a t in g m ŁÕÚ r p m
ıla
n o tı l
lı t h a t o f t h e
o a m
pw
h a ı t h o p o ıit iv e a o o a ı
o
o m
ı it lv e d ııp
r o t ・t io n
la o o m a n t) p
・r a t io n
F lï ıd t h ・ v ・lo o ł .
(1 o r It ı d ı
.Ea
o f lt ı r fı・ o
rı ıo t io n
f I O m m In 4 0 d e ￠r e e ı o f
i n v a lm
ty a n d * o o e le r a t o
・t th e e n d
・
o f 80
°
o r o ıım r o t a t io n (O o t e 7 )
A 1W u la r v e lo c ity o f c a n ı - (o - 6
C a m r o t ・tio n = 4 0 . 4 0 x rr/ 1 8 0 - 0
syE0 × 2 n / 60 = ó 2 8 r a d/ ・
698 ra d
ngi
°
p o ly m m a l c u r v e iı
ıim p b
i
d i la c ・m ・n t u a tio n o f a
T h・ ıp q
y
w
阳
hw
O 尋朴
・ n = y
llū ı a m be r a n
ith in w
d C ・
nee
c o n ıt a n t
ı: ıt r a ig h t lim n - 1 p a r a b o lic
rin
p o p u la r ￠u r v e ı w po w = ,
or C a n t ・o o «山ır a tio n ,
n = Z b ic
m ı or c o n ıt a n t j« h n = a
In th iı p r o b le ııı,
y - C e
a 4
10
. =
-
2 4
C (0 6 9 8 )
At e -
' 4
,
0 Be8
C -
ra
23 7
dp y = 10 ı
ıu ıı
g.n
e
,
N ow ,
th e b a ıie q
y -
U iı iłı n ın ı)
u a
(2 3 7 ) e
a
t io n iı
4
t
D ilı
e n n t ia t in g (ı), d y / d t - 2 3 7 × 2 4 × e 'A x ￠
o
"
Put e = 3 0 °, dr/d t = 23 7 × 2 4 × (8 0 x tt l 18 0 ) x 6 28
V e lo c ity = 14 4 3 8 m ın la
Difentiating (2 ) a g a in ,
o 4
? (3 )
da / d a
. 23 7 × 2 4 × 14 × e x a
put e = soe
d ay / a w - 23 7 × 2 4 × ı4 × (S O x «
1
/ ı8 0 ) 4 x ó 28
?
'
A e r a t i o ıı - 2 48 4 m m /a

目h o ft N o te ı
P o ly n o ln l◆ m o t io n
T he ge n
e u rv e ı
ıa ı rugged b y s to d d a r t
e ra l t io
e qu a f
o m ia l c u r v e
rı o a po ly n ia
y = C
C l e + c e2 + c oa +
o +
t lł
2 a + č en
A P l» ly in g th ・ b o u n d
a r y c o n d iţ io n e th e c o n ß a re e v a ı ts
u a te d a n d
t h * d i・p la c e in ・n t e q u a t io n iı o b t i
a n ed
In a 2 3 p o ly n o ın ia l
ca m in th e d ißp la c e m e n t e q u a tio n (a fte r
i
,
b t it u t n g f n y 2 n d a n d 3 r d o r d e r t e r n ıs w iiì b e
tm « o r c o n Ħt a n t a ) o l
, prese n t
S im ilta r ly in a 3 4 5 p o ly n o m ia l c a m in t h e d ie p la c e m e n t e q u a t io n ,
o n ly ßr d , 4 th a n d Ďth o r d e r te r
,
m e w ill b e p r e s e n t
E x a m p le C o n ıid e r a 3 4 5
p o ly n o m ia l c a m T h e d is p la c e m e n t
e q u a t io n iı
ww
wa n d
.Ea
S u b s t itu tin g th e b o u
it a d e r iv a t iv e s a n d
n d a r y c o n d itio n s in t h e d is p la c e m e n t e q u a tio n
oo ı v in g th e e q u a tio n s s in ıu lt a n e o u s ly , t h e
'
syE
c o n e t a n t 吕 a r e e v a lu a t e d
C a - 1 0 1ı/ pa
C O
= 0
4
C 1 = 0 C 2
= 0
6
N ow ,
04- 1 6 1ı/ p
t h e d is p la c e m e n t e q u a t io n i8 ngi C õ
- 6W p
p
.
nee p "
P
・
pre e e n t
It e h o u ld b e n o te d t h a t , on ly t h e 3 r d , 4 t h a n
rin
d 5 th o r d e r te r m s a re
g.n
e t

P robı Đ fr o id e
e ın ı5 D e s ig n a sp M ge a r v e m c o n s r a t io ı*
d » ıa m ic lo a d tr » 90 k w t
a n d w e a r ,
to a n sm a
he s â
a t t» e a *e d s te e ıh a v iııg w aı
u e o f B a s 2 × ıo N / ııu ı
ı a n d
s t a t ic s tr e ss o f 800 N /a A ıe
s s ıu ı s ııit a b le m a te r ia l fo r
gear
(M U «k ť 9 Ą s i
. m ıits )
S in c e th e
ıııo d u le a ııd th e n u n ber
ı o f te e tı
ıa re g iv en it is
if
, eılo q gh
w e c h e c k tı
ıe iııd u c e d s
th e m a te r ia l t o b e e fo r b o tlı p in io n a n d gea '

d e s ig ı] w e
io n
ww
»
p in
ı I«r d 200 N / 2
=
m ıı )
w fo
X
r
C
s te
a
B
lc
e
a se
l
u ı
d
a *e b.Ea
oïı o u r
q
experi
fe ı ıd a n d 【
U ,]
w e n ıa y a s s u nııe ı
aJ to be 8 0o N / m ı
2
syE
, ,
a - n ız { ı+ Z22 - 1 0 {2 0 + 8 0 2 - 50 0 m m
10 i = 6 0 0 / 150
ngi
m =
= 4
z
ı
= 20 z
2
= ız
ı
b
d
= rp s = 0 3
10
× 500 = 150 m oa
nee y = o 3
=
(a s s ıır
4 × 20
e d)
= 80
rin
l = m z
l
= × 20 = 2 00 m a
H t c h lin « x 2 00 6 00
g.n
×
e re ı
o c it y - .
6 28
60 1000
= ın /s
× 60 × 10 0 0
IS q u a lity 8 is
* d = 1 4 fo r tlıe a bo pe p it c h lin e v e lo c ity
"
ı
- 600
e r p ııı
t
ł ・ 1 2 2 fo r -
dr
-
2oo
- 0 n a a ņ \ a ın e t r ic a l
\
a n d k s r ig id
lo = ı (a s s m e o
W ￠ ı= fe o ł \ H t
2 tr x 6 0 0
= 1 4 38 4 × ıO P N i
n an
ı× 1 0 l 4 ı 4
×
iď
=
× ×
= ó s
× ıo M m

S .
In d u c e d ıt r e ııe ı
◆b -
W y = o 3 8 Ðfo r 20 t t h
.
(4 46 6 × 10 3
500 × 10 × 16 0 = 4 1 g N / m n ı2
× O 3 89
[O b ] 2 0 0 N
- / tn n ız
.
c
= 0 74
2 6 a
500 Y 4 × 150
× × 10 × 244 6 5 × 10
ww = 4 72 5 N / m m
2
E . 2 × 10
6
N /m m
2
P
w r o b le m
<
T h e d e e ig n
1
[O , ] = 800 N /m
.Ea
6 A m o t o r a h a ft r t
i8
a a t ie fa c to r
y
m
2
ı6 k w t o a lo w
t e e t h a r e 2 0 ・ in v o lu t e w it h 2 6 syE o a t iııg a t ı
e p e e d s h a ft w it h
a
6 o o r p n ı h a ı t o t r a n n n it
a p e e d r e d u c t io n
t e e t h o n t h e p in io n
o t a ı T ı
B o th t h ・
ıe .
p in io n a n d g e a r a r e ın a d e o f a t e e l w it h a m a x in ıu n ı a a te « r e ı*
o t 2 00 N / 2 A ßa fe s tr e a a o t 4 o N / m ın 2
m a y b e ta k e n ngi
to r t h e
s h a
a p 1ır
f t o n w h ic h t h e
g e a r iı n ıo r ın t e d a n d b r t h e k e y D e a fg n a
g e a r d r iv e t o m u tit t h e a b o v e e o n d it io n ı A ın ım e ıt a r t h
t o r q u e t o b e 2 5 % M g h e r t h a n t h e n ın n in
nee w .
1 [o b ] = 200 N / m a ıı
2
to r u e
(g iv e n )
g q
rin
[o c ] = 800 N / m n
2
(a 8 8 u m e d fo r a l )
g.n
e t
in g t o r q u e is m o d ifie d
M t]
= ko kk. (It t x 1 2 5)
fe o = 1
kkd = 1 5 (a ßa tı
ın in g o v er ha n g in g p in io n )
15 × 104 × 60
p in io n to r q u e aat - X lų
,
2n x 15 o o
a
= 95 6 × 10 N m 】ı
ı
- l × 1 6 × 96 6 × 1 04 × 1 25 = 1 79 × 10 3 N n ım
E = 2 × 10i N / ım ıı
2
i= 3 V = 0 3 (e ıe iım e d)
A -3 3

129 6 oa m
】
8 . M o d u ı
e
z = 25
2 12 9 6 l
2a ×
m =
2 = iz = 3 × 25 = 75
75) l
+ z2 (2 5 + 2
= 2 59
= 3 (s ta n d a r d )
4 R e v ie e a a n d o b t a in b , d fb , fe d R e v iße [M t ]
. J
þ
(z /2 (2 5 7 5) 3 / 2 15 0 n u n
, + 2 2) m
a - = + =
ww dl
b .
V ł= 0 3
25
× 150
3
=
75
45 m m
w
z × m n ı
l M
= = =
U =
.Ea
1td
60 × 1 0 0 o
ln l
=
1r x
60
75
×
×
10 0 0
150 0
5 9 m / s
IS q u a lity 8 g e a r s
kd = 1 4 syE a re to b e u se d
=
d
b
=
l
45
75
= 0 6
ngi
k = 1 3 2 fo
[M ￠] = k o k k d O t r X 1 2 6 )
r Vp = 0 6 , fo r w
nee
e r fıa n g ın g p in io n
ı 八且日为八 ı 吆スび口ひ x 且リ
3
X ı 王马 rin
= 22 1 × 10
3
N ı
n m
g.n
6 . C he
o b
e k in d 1 ıc e d
=
\
ıt r e a e =
y = 0 4 2 0 fo r 2 5 te e tı
ı
e t
3
(3 + 1 )× 22 1 × 10
160 × 3 × 46 × 0 42 0
2
= 10 4 N / m la ı < [r b】= 2 0 0 N / ım 2
ı
S a t is fa c to r y
0 T4
(8 + 1) J @ + 1)
=
15 o Ma××2×10 6
× 2 21 × ı0
2
- 7 14 N / tm ı < 【
o e】= 8 00 N /
Satie*ory

Scanned by CamScanner 妞
加鹰聞唿秽國婊聞泣 3ケ ß 夕と
ß D * ııl* n
.
o f a h a ft an d ke y
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hot kn ow n th e b e n d in s m o m
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caħ bo d e ai e d o n ly fo r to r
m qu e
k ııo w n
2 a ßK W w lıo th
n e p in lo rı r o ta te a a t 3oo The
. r p nı v e lo c it y r a t io iß
te e th a n d lt a fa c e w id t h il 1 4
t iın e a th e m o du ie D e te rm in e (i) t h e
p ln io n a n d th e g e a r f
ro m t lıe ta n d
In t o c o n s id e r a t io
a
p in t o f s t r e n th o ııl t k i
o
n t h e e ff
e c t
g y, a n g
o f dyn a ın io lo a d in
g .
ww C
/
t
on a
=
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id e r
l + 3
on ly t h e in io
2 ) ı? ı/ 2
p n
(M U
z
, O o t 8 9 , w it h
16
n ıo d ilic a t io n e )
(to o th ld b e
w d e r c u t)
=
l w ou u n
y = 0 3 4 2 6 fo.Ea r z 15
syE
-
l
D e s im o n ly fr o m th e s t a n d
b e n d in g s t r e p o in t o f e tr e n g th , ie a s k e d H e n ce
ss e q u a tio n i8 u s e d a n d th e r e i8 n o
ngi
n e e d to c h e c k t h e co n ta c t
e tr e B S
[? b ] uı
nee
= ' t】 M ]= k o k k d M
￠ , 3
P in io n to r q u 22 5 × 10 × 60 3
e ,
M t
- x 10
2n x 300
ko kk d
=
1 6 rin
716 2 × 10
3
N m m
g.n
=
(a la r g e v a lu e i8 a s s u m e d fo r s a fe ty
a n d fo r th e s im p lic it
y o f d e s ig n )
120 -
30
a ×1 0 a
n » x m x 14 m x 0 3425
[Ært] = 1 6 ×
e
71 6 2 × 10
3
t
S
X 8 m m (s t a n d a r d )
- 1 14 6 * 10
3
N n m
b - 14 ıï ı = 14 × 8 - 1 12 n ım
d, = z
l m
= 15 × 8 - 120 】
JM 1
dż 45 × 8 360 m m
2 m
= z = -
P ro b le n ı o f h e ı
18 ic a l g e a r s t o t r a n s ın it 6 0 k w t o
D e s ig n a se t
e ffe c t a s p e e r e n o f 2 5 1 i ń t h p in i o n c o n n e c t e d t o m o t o r
d d u c t io
r o t a t in g a t ı4 4 0 r 】 ?m 1 1 ıe t e e t h o f g e a r s a r e o f ń ıll d e p t h 2 0 °
.
l ı P e r ip ll e r a l p it c h lin e v e lo c it y
p r e a s rır e a ııg le to t h e n o r m a p a n e
i
n ıa y b e liın it e d t o 6 0 0 n ıe t r e s p e r ın n u e
t A ßß1m e g e a r a n d p in io n
a r e t o b e m a d e o f fo r g e d s e e
t ıh a v in g u ltiın a t e t e n s ile s tr e n g th
f 600 N / a is ly h Ė tr e te d to b t a in
o T he p iııio n p r o p e r e a a o

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to ıq u o (to
e
o ee w io e
ll o w e v e r, to ıı ıo d ify t h e
fa c to r m Ĥ y be u se d
k k ti (M x S e r v ic e fh c to r )
T a k e [M ,] = k o ,
60 0 N / m n ı
z
iR C 4 0 (D a ta B o o k
)
i
s te e l h a v n g
( f.. -
2 11ì e m e d iu m c n rbo n
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p w »b le m ı9
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p r e s s u r e a n g le 2 o
"
H eı ix a n g e e ,
2
2 1 0 N / ı M d l
D e a ig n b e n d in g s t r e s s
l n ın o u u a of
s tr e s s 9 o a N / m m
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2 o 6 × 1 0 N / ıır m (n & U , O c t a 7 , S I u n itı)
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e la s t ic it y o f ın a t e r ia ls
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,
h a rdn e s s ,
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d r iv e w iiı a p e e á o r
P b le
r o n ı 2o g le D e v e i g e a r
D e a ig ıı a r ig h t a n
h ft - 1 6 0 r p n ı
p irıio n s h a ft 5 0 0 r p ın a n d t h a t o t t h e g e a r ß a
syE
= ,
P in io n is t o h a v e 2 o t e e th o f in v o lu te p r o f ile w ith n ıo d u le o f
2 0 ın n ı a ııd a p r e s s 1ır e a n g le o f 2 0
D
a n d iß t o b e o f e 1ıit a b le
G e a r is o f fo r g e d s t e e l h a v in g a llo w a b le s t r e a e o f
n ıa t e r ia l
a
1 6 0 N / n ın ı K W a t g e a r s h a f t = 6 6 A ßs m e ße r v ic e fa c t o p = 2
ngi
1 M ￠】 k o k k d
【 =
e w U , A p r il 9 8 , S I u n it a )
W × nee
S e r v ic e fa c to r )
2 [Đ b ] is g iv en a n d [c iJ = 7o o N / m m
2
m a
f te e th
y be
rin a ssu m e d fo r s te e l
c h e c k in
g.n
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th e in d u c e d s t r e s s e s is to b e c a r r ie d o u t
P r o b le n ı 2 1 D e ßig n a s p u R g e a r p a ir t o b e u s e d in a s u g a r c a n e
c n ıs h in g ın ill T h e g e a r s o v e r h a n g o n
b e tw e e n t ı
tı
ıe
e h a 《s T h e c e n t r e d 如此a n o e
g e a r s is 2 4 ın S p e e d o f t h e d r iv e r i8 4 2 r p n ı a iıd
i a t o f t h e d r iv e n is 6 r p ııı T h e n u ın b e r o f t e e t h o n p in io n ie 2 0
.
e t
P o w e r t o b e t r a n s m itt e d i8 3 0 0 k w L ife d e s ir e d ie 2 6 0 0 0 h o u r s
T h e g e a r b la n k s a r e c a s t in t h e fo r ın o f w h e e l w it h h u b , a r n ıe
a n d r iın T h e p in io n m a t e r ia l is c a s t in g C S 8 6 a n d th e w h e e l
n ıa t e r ia l ie C S 7 1 M ie r r o u g h c u t t in g t h e t e e th e t r e s s r e lie v in g
.
,
h
is d o n e t o t e g e a r s
ı M a te r ia ı
2 2
P in io n C S 8 6, o .
- 8 60 N / m m , o
y
. 710 N / m m ,
H ar dn e Bs - 24 8 B H N
2 2
W heel C S 71, 0
.
- 710 N /m m
,
f
y
- 570 N / n u n ,
H ar dn ess - 207 B H N
s in ce d iffe r e n t m a te r ia ls a re u se d , th e p in io n is d e s ig n e d fir s t, an d
th e n th e w h e e l is c h e c k e d
L ife = 26 000 h rs, N . 250 00 × 60 × 42 . 6 3 × 1 0 7 c y c le s
A 召6

3 D e p ig n e tr e s s e a
[? b ] = O 1
ww d le
w
4 M o u
(3 1 + 3 2)
o =
2
.Ea T
i=
d r iv
d r iv
e r
e n
m
sp e e
e e d
d
.
42
6
. 7
syE
(2 0 + 14 0 )m z = 20, z = i2 1 = 7 × 20 = 14 0
24 00 = l 2
2
a = 24 00 n u n
m = 30
5 C lc la t i o f b,d d [M ngi
]
nee
n o
a u ı a n ,
b -
V - A s s ln ııe V - 0 2
0 2 24 00 480
rin
= × = n ĵa】
a
d l
= z l m = 20 × 30 - 60 0 m m
b/ d
k
1,
-
- 4 80/ 600
1 45
- 0 8
(fo r o v e r ha n g in g g e a r s ) g.n
P itc h lin
Kd -
e v e
1 3 5 (I S q u
ı
o c it y -
a
60
N d
×
lit y 8 )
ln l
1000
°
1c x
60
600
× 10 00
× 42
- 1 32
e m / S
t
3
300 × 10 × 60
M - A IU JN Æ M
t
2n x 42
6
= 68 21 × 10 N m m
ko = 1 (a ssu m e d)
6 C h e c k in g
i+ 1
O 'b =
M t] y = 0 389
a m by
6
(7 + 1)× 13 3 52 × 10
2400 × 30 × 480 × 0 389
2
- 79 5 N / m m
2
< [c íb ] = 1 8 3 6 N / m m S a t is fa c t o r y
入蜀

5
E 2 1 10 N /m
￥ T a ke = ×
tn
2
o
c
= o 74
6 Ó
0 133 52
2 l × 10 × × 10
= 0 74 ×
×
= 63 7 N / m m
2
> [c r, ] 6 2 0 N / m
= m
lly g r e a te r th a n th e p e r m is s ib le
In d u c e d s tr e s s is m a r g in a v a h re
a n d th is m a y b e to le r a te d
7 D e s ig n s tr e s se s fo r w h e e l n ıa t e r ia l
7
C y c le s
7 10
N - N " - 6 3 × 10 / 7 = 0 9 ×
w heel p in io n
0 2 2 (7 1 0 + 6 7 0 ) + 5 0 331 6 N /m 2
? 1
- 0 2 2 (o r. + O
y
)+ 5 0 =
=
m
ww K r
= 1 5 n = 2
w .Ea
[C ib ]w heel -
syE 1 4 K bl
n K
cr
? 1
2 1 5 ngi - 156 6 N / m m
2
nīee -
×
[c iJ w he e l - C B
ıB
ı K l K =
c
cl
= 2 5 × 207 × 1 0 177
rin H B = 207
= 52 6 7 N /m m
2 g. C B
- 2 5
net
8 C h e c k fo r w h e e l
h d t ıc e d s tr e b s e s
B e n d in g r e s s
C ib l 7 1 - C 'b 2 72 S u fñ × 1 fo r in io n d
p an su Ħix 2 fo r w heel
79 5 × 0 389 - o b2 × 0 5 13 l2 0 5 1 3 fo r
=
z
2
- 14 0
2 C ib = 79 5 N / m 2
? b2 = 60 2 N /m m i m
< [O b ]w h eel= 15 6 6 N / m m
2
S a tis fa c to r
y
C o n ta c t s tr e s s
63 7 N / m 2
? 2
= ? 1 = iJū
c c
> [? c ]w h e e ı- 5 2 6 7 N /m m
2
N o t S a t is fa c t o
ry
A 召8

W W Þ
￠ł
ł -
»
ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
8 . ïn d u e * t ı* t \ tn t h ņ p ı
\ ı\o
neen
* nbm » V ı, 8 00 \ 48 0 \ 3 0 k 0 490 &

rin
aı + ı* N / m m
*
-
g.n 司 a8
e
.
t
v\
< [q ] - 1 8 8 ßN .
/m m a S a ti* {h ņ to ty
* o 7 ļ
į
Į
Ą
IV ß[M .)
7 + 1
= u 7 x a 1 × 10 \ 10 8 8 ￥ ıo
7 × 4 80
a a
= M《 N ・
m m < {q 】 6 a o N
h
= ì m m B a d * fħo to 】
ry
A d sl

4 C h e c k fo r w heel
O bl l l O b2
8
2 126
-
l2
2 0q 3 3 ł ï o
41 9 × 0 4205 - C ib 2 × 0 516 co s 13 co s 2 5 84 °
2 J u
= 0 5 16
O b2 = 34 2 N /m n
】
2
< [C ib lw he el = 1 56 6 N / m 111 S a tis fa c t o r y
(
ç' c wh e
l eı=
5 26. N/ m m 2 for C S 7 1)
2
Ci
c2
= C'
c 1
- 54 4 N / m m
> [G c lw hee1
In d u ce d s tr e s s is lig h tly h ig h e r th is m a y b e to le r a te d
s
P ro b le m ż is Th e k in e m a t ic a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e g e a r b o x o f a
ga ntr y c r a n e is s h o w n in F ig A 1 D e s ig n t h e g e a r p a ir s G e a r s
3 4, 5 a ııd 6 r e h e lic a l g e a r s
, a T o r q u e a v a ila b le a t t h e o u t p u t
ww s h a ft is 3 3 0 0 N m
w .Ea
,:syE
"
: :ngin
"
eer
i ng.
\
net
F IG . A l
Spe e d a n d T o r q u e C a lc u la t io n s
T he u ū o to r s h a fi spee d is 1 7 5 0 tp n ı
Spe e d o f s h a ft 1 - (1 8 / 2 6 ) × 1 7 5 0 8 7 5 m =
S e e d o f s h a ft 2 . D 4 / 4 5)x 8 7 5 į 2 7 2 2 rp m
S pe e d o f s h a ft 3 - (1 5 / 4 8 ) × 2 7 2 2 - 86 rpn ı
T o ıx ł
u e t sha ft 3 . 3300 N m Ĺ
To n ł
u e ;
a ţ s h a ft 2 - (8 6 / 2 7 2 2 ) × 3 3 0 0 - 10 3 0 N m
Tque t a a h a ft 1 - (2 7 2 2 / 8 7 5 ) × 1 0 3 o . 3 2 o N r a
W e Ďį o to r s h a ft . (8 7 6 / 1 7 6 0 × 3 2 o .
) 16o N m

M \ o f h e lie a l ge a » « 8 &
e
C n r Fi is tł
ıe p in io ıı
1
P in io n t o łq u e M ￠" 10 3 0 N n ı
t
\ a 16
M te l Łp in io
a
ť
ıı » n a n d w h e e l h a v o th
ı
35 M n 2 M o su ľ fa c e h a ľ d o
ed
,
ıı t 46 R C
く 350 B H
N u
, d
a iı co ro ha r «ln e a ı
900 N a
c = m ı
ıı
. o ・ G 0 0 N / m in a
y (D a ta B o o k)
3 D e s w s tr o Bs e s
1 4 R bı
W b] '
O \) = U ă bČ 4 120
Iı I
=
tł
0 B fi X 9 0 0 + 1 2 0
= 436 N /m m 2
ww =
1 4 × 1 × 435 L ife = 6 0 0 0 lu 8 (a s s u m e d
)
w
2 6 × 1 6 N e 60 00 × 6 0 × 27 2 2
8 1 6 × 1 0 7 c c le s
.Ea =
i = 1
y
a v &
syE
łı ł ıııu ı = ı O n = Z Ö
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
a (i + 1)
, = 0 5 (fo r h e lio
e a l ge a r s )
t
6 6
8 l × 10 × 1 34 × 10
729 4 3 2 × 0 5
5 2
E = 2 1 × 10 N /m m
[A $ ] = k o k k d M t
22 9 m aı ko = 1 (a s su m e d)
kkd - 1 3 (in itia lly )
f, 3
M t
= 103 0 × 10 N m ın
3 6
= l × 1 3 × 10 3 0 × 10 . 1 34 × 10 N m

空卫口a s 巨兰× 2 2 9 × co s 15°
M 一一一 7 02
rı
8 1 + 32 15 + 48
(P = 1 5 )
°
8 (s t a n da rd)
v i s e a
48(2 1 5 °)
a - m
. (z l + Z2(2 co s P) = 8 (1 6 + co e
= 260 89 ı
n m
6 . C a ı
c u ıa t io n o f b,d il l , kd a n d n e w [M ,]
b -
V - = 0 5 × 260 89 = 13 0 4 m m
P a
=
s fi s in 15°
= 97
b > p S a t is fa c to r y
a
ww d 1,
-
m
co 8
ia
z
l
P
.
cos 16°
. 12 4 2 3 ı
n m
w U
F
=
o r
60
nd "
.Ea
e
× 1000
a
1
bov
-
e
n x
p it c h
124 2 3
60 ×
lin
×
10 0 0
e
2 72 2
v e lo c ity
1 77
IS
m /s
qu a lity 8 is c ho se n ,
an d
kd = 1 1
syE
ngi
nee
6 .
In d u c e d
7
s tr e s s e s
0 7 × (3 2 + 1) × 1 3 3 8 × 10rin3
o rb = 0
a bm rar u
[Aď t] =
260 89 × 13 0 4 × 8 × 0 366
g.n
e
3 3
z = z l eo s P = 15 / c o s 15c . 17
t
e q
7 u
. 0 366
2
= 39 5 N /m n ı
< [c íb ] = 162 4 N / 2 S a tis fa c to r y
. c
= 0 7 X Ë 【
A t E]
-
(3 2 + 1) (3 2 + į ĻE Z U m × 13 3 8 × 10
3
= 0 7
3 2 × 13 0 4
2
= 599 3 N /n u aı
2 S a tis f a c t o r y
< [? c ] = 72 9 4 N / m m
A 42

D m o f ı
ıd io a ıs e a r a s
e & 4
G e « ı 3 is t h e p in io n
ı M .
ņ ig n s tr e s s e s
M a te r ia l ııs e d is s a lu e a s th a t u se d fo r ge a rs 6 a i ıd 6
k ïbı =
0
1 L ife = 50 00 hrs
1 4 × 1 × 435 = 6000 × 60 × 8 75
26 25 7
2 ó × 1 6
=
× 10 c y c le s
2 i = 1
= 162 4 N / n u u
义 1 = 43 5 N / 2
立业n
n = 2 5 K = 1 5
ar
[a rJ = CR H R C
= 23 × 46 × 0 686 K c,
= 0 5 86
ww = 6 0 6 5 N / ıJa n ı2
w M O d ıl e , c e n tr e d is t a n c e
a (i + 1 )
t.Eas￥ Ao 1 kkd 1 3
yE
=
-
W ] = fe o kkd M t
ngi 1 1 3 320 3
5
= × × × 10
2 1 10 3 3
× × 4 16 × 10 = 416 × 10 N
605 5 3 2 0 5
nee
× y = 0 5
176 6 m m
Æ= 2 1 Ó 2
× 10 N /m a ıı
i- 4 5/ 14 . 3 2
2a W 2 × 175 5 15° rin

g.n
x co s
M = = = 5 75
n
z
1 + 2 2 14 + 45
(s t a n d a r d )
e
= 6
R ie v is e a
m
ı
ł
Lz l + z
2) §61 4 + 411
t
a = = 183 2
2 CO S P 2 COS 16
a C a ı
c u la t io n o f b,d ri
k ,
k d a n d ııe w M ￠]
b =
V a = 0 5 × 183 2 = 91 6 n ım
P .
=
Si s in 1 5 °
72 8 D ŪJE ı
b > p S a t is fa c t o ıy
a
d , - - - 87 m a ıı
A 4S

t
k = 1 1 8 fo r a sy m ln e t r ic a l a rra n ge m e n
[M t] = Įfo k kd Àt t ko = 1
3
= 1 × 1 18 × 1 2 × 320 × 10
8
= 4 53 × 10 N m iJtı
4 Iııd u c e d s tr e sse s
3
7 0 7 × (3 ×4 5 3 × 1o
c rb = o [w ] =
91 6 0 355
a m by 183 2 × 6 × ×
n u
ww
2 3 3
37 3 N /m P 14 / c o s 15°
= m z
e q
= z l eo s = = 16
2
< [c rb ] = 16 2 4 N / ı
n m ý - 0 355
u
w ol = o 7 .EaT
S a t is fa c t o r y
E M t]
syE
c
ngi
D ig n l ge a rs 1 af b d 2
nee
rin
e s o e v e n
G e a r 1 is th e p in io n
1 M a t e r ia l (fo r b o th p in io n
A s s u m e 40 C r 1 M o 28,
a n
su r
d w
fa c e h
h e e l)
a tT de n e d ţo 45 R C g.n
e
,
c o re h a r dn e s s < 350 B H N
2 L if e
◆
z￠
=
500 0 hrs , N
1000 N / m
=
m
2
5000
, ay
×
= 700 N /m
60 × 1750
m
=
2
52 5 × 10
7
c y . Ie s
t
3 D e s ig n s tr e b s e s
1 4 K öl
[Đ b 】 = Đ 1
1 4 × l × 4 70
2 5 × 1 5
2
= 1 7 5 N / 1ta m
CR = 23
l0 l 4
= C R
H RC K c Į
= 23 × 45 × 0 5 85
H R C . 45
2
= 605 N /m m
A 44

4 ( :łıtı# d ï »n o « R
ww
a D p
.
te r m in
1 ı4 4
tı
ıı o n
. m
o t naı
w ı1 4 4
R =
=
0 ñm
0 5m
z 1
￠
t .Ea x 13 x + l
z
l
- 13 , z
2
= 26
￠ R
:. M
e v
t
ł«
= 7 8
t R
-
a n
syE
8 (・t a
d dm
n d a r d)
rm in ・ b
ngi
,
R = 0 6 × 8 × 13 × = 118 2 7 6 n ın ı
b R /3 = 116 2 7 6/ a = 38 76 n ım
nee
-
? .
N e w v » lu e ıı o f lı, k d a n d U $ ,]
rin i= 2
g.n
t a n ô2 -
'
62 = ta n 2 = 63 4 3 °
U
=
=
6 67 m
p itc h lin »
m
v e lo c ity =
n c lla
m m m i
u
n l
61
d
= 90
= z
e m
63 43 = 26 57o
t
la u l a u
It x 86 7 × ,
178 7 9 m /・ = 13 × (i 6 7
.
出
e o × 100 0 = 86 7 立业立
to be u se d S in c e th e r e i8
r e c ia io n
a re
h p ge a m
ıH rł u a lit y 4 , H ig th e e a fe r e id e , a
M ghe r
B o o k , a n d to b e o n
no d a ta a v a ila b le in th e D a ţ a
3
hů v a lw l* a » # u m r d , )bt t ° 1 A a a u n ıe ho = 1
7 . 0 46, k - 1 6
= a e 7 8 8
.
b/ d l, łu
.
3
1 8 × 16 0 × 10
kd År ￠ ı× 1 E ×
IM ￠】・ k o k
. .
,
a
* aaa × 1o N t m ıı

8 . In d u c e d s tr e s se s
C ib -
2
æ 0 5b) bm tJ u
3
116 2 75 × 333 × 10
=
38 76)
2
38 76 × 8 × 0 343
(1 1 6 2 7 5 0 6 × ×
Z =
q COS 51 CO S 2 6 57°
J = 0 343
u
ww
w
.
r + ]
'
in
-
.E￥aį LW
(1 1 6 2 7 5 3 8 76)
. 2 I × 10
5
× 333 × 10
3
syE
.
2
= 74 6 N / 2 > [c r. ] = 605 N / m m N o t sa tis fa c to r y
m ia ı2 T t? o u g h h a r d e n in g a n d te m p e r in g is d o n t o th S u r fa
ngi ge
e e a rs ce
h a r d n e s s is 5 0 R C a n d c o r e h a r d n e s s > 3 5 0 B H N
2
nee
2
◆ıt = 1 10 0 N / ra m - 800 N /m m
1 D e s ig n s tr e s s e s
lc lb J =
1 4 K öl
0
1
0 1
=
=
0 3 5 C iı
0 35 ×
t
+
1 10 0
12 0
+ rin
12 0 = 505 N /n ım
2
1 4 × 0 7 × 505 K
n =
=
2 5
1 5 g.n
e
or
2 5 × 1 5
K 0 7
t
=
bt
2
= 13 2 N / m m
ĹC IJ = C R
H R C Iı
= 26 5 × 50 × 0 585
2
7 75 N / m m
2 C o n e d i c e
5
22
N Ll × 10
2 3 + 1 ×
3
と96 9 立业n

M o d r ıle ,
V i ße d R
国吕剧目目
Ro = 0 5 m
t
z
l qr Ħ
96 9 = 0 5 m t x
13 x m - 6 7 8 (s ta d a rd )
￠ .
n
Vise R
仁下
口
I \ 0 5 × 8 × 13 ×
!
V Z + ı = 116 2 75 m m
W it h rev is e d R - 116 275 n ım d 8 , th e lu
a n m t
- v a es o f b ,
d ı
a tıi
u ,
k , kd a n d u v t] a re sa m e eu l in T b ia l 1
In o th e r w o r d s t h e in d u c e d s tr e s s e e a r e a l« » s a ıiıe a s in T i a ] 1
,
,
an d t h e y a r e le s s th a n t h e p e r m is s ib le v a lu e s N o w , th e d e a ig n ia
s a t is f a c t o r y
N o t T h e q u iv a le n t n u m b e r s o f te e t h o f
g e a r a 1 a n d 3 a r e 吕n ıa ı
e e le r
ww t h a n th e n ıin im u m
h a v e th e p r o b le m
bea a s t r e n g t h i e t
r e q u ir e d v a lu e o f 1 7
o f u n d e r c u ttin g
h e in d u c e d b d
T h is n ıe a n s , g e a r e 1 a n d 3
T h e s e u n d e r c u t g e a r s h a v e lo w e r
in g s tr e s s e s w ilıb e s lig h t ly h ig h e r
w
t , , e n
t h a n th e v a lu e s s h o n r in t h e c a lc u la t io n s H o w e v e r in t h is
p r o b le n ı w e
.Ea
,
h
fın d t e p e m ı s i s ib l e b e n d in g s tr e s s e s to b e fa r a w a
y f o n ı t h e in d u c e d
s tr e s s e s ,
a n d he n ce th e d e s ig n is s a fe
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t
8 47


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