BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.3.1
Description
STEM A 35 year old man with multiple superficial incised wounds over his chest which were
parallel and superficial came to emergency department and demanded MLC. How you
will differentiate self inflictedcted wounds from homicidal wounds, keeping in mind
the above case? (5)

KEY 1. From carefull examination of the clothes,characteristics of injuries,and the explanation of

complainant in respect thereto.
2. Fabricator rarely injures himself through his clothes Even when the clothes are damaged ,they
are damaged in a way incompatiable with the number ,length,direction,and nature of wounds.
3. When examinig a case of suspected fabricated injuries one should look for not only recent
injuries but old scars also.
4. A provisional diagnosis of fabricated injury is made when one discovers recent injuries which are
multiple ,superficial ,half hearted,and not on vital body parts.
5. Multiple scars of different ages when present ,on various body parts for which there is no
satisfactory explanation ,add to the evidence .
6. Characteristic defence wounds are abscent despite the history of an assault.
7. When fabricator is closely questioned about evidence of the alleged assault with reference to
the identity of the weapon ,number of blows ,method of their infliction ,and the way he tried to
defend himself,his explanation will be found so inconstent with observed facts that it will
confirm the diagnosis.
8. The injury pattern ,e.g only on one side of the body (accidental lacerations),or on bony
prominences (fall),or not consistent with the scene in context with all available information may
indicate a sequence of events leading to proper conclusion regarding the cause and manner of
death.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK
Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.3.1
Description
STEM A 12 year old student is brought by his father with H/O trauma by his teacher O/E
multiple redish lines which are irregularly situated on back of chest observed .
a) Name the injury . 01
b) What is traim line bruise 01
c) How do you calculate time since infliction in such wounds? 01
d) What is the possible manner of infliction ? 01
e) What is the remote effect of such multiple injuries on broad surface areas on
lower limbs? 01
KEY a) Train line bruise
b) Two parallel bruise lines inflicted with a single blow of a blunt long weapon.
c) Red(Fresh) → Blackens(2-5 days)→ Greenish(5-7 days)→ Yellowish(7-10
days)→ Disappears(14-15 days)
d) Homicidal
e) Crush syndrome

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) k.vij ,PRK,NRA

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.3.1
Description
STEM A 50 years old male was found dead in his office having cuts on his wrist .There is
history of great financial loss.How would you establish that it is the case of suicide not
homicide?
KEY Suicidal wounds Homicidal wounds
1)A bold incission usually single and 1) Theire sites are not so clearly
tends to occupy a vital area.i.e demarcated ,usually more than one and
Throat,chest(Heart),Radial may be on any part of the
artery,Femoral artery. trunk,front,side,or back ,usually
2)Suicides rarely injure themselves inacessable site ,involving internal vital
through clothes and the weapons which organs.
is either a knife or a firearm may remain 2) Covering clothes are always involved
clutched in hand due to cadaveric ,occasionally in such cases the weapon
spasm. may get embedded and struck in the
3)Crime scene is not a violent at all. vertebral body and acts as trace
evidence.
3) Crime scene would be violent if victim
is not a child or a very old person or an
intoxicated victim.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) NRA ,PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

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Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.3.1
Description
STEM A 12 Years old girl is brought by her father in emergency with H/O trauma while
playing football at home.O/E her forehead has got split laceration.
a)Where does coup and countre coup injuries would be found in this case
b)Define injury
c)Classify lacerations and define precisely each type
d)Draw/enlist classification of wounds
KEY a) Just beneath the primary impact and diagonally opposite to it respectively on brain.
b) Any harm whatever caused illegally to anybody in body,mind,reputation or property
c) 1) Crush/Split laceration 2)Overstretch laceration 3) Grinding compression . ( 1. Most
commonly occur at the scalp ,sudden compression of the skin between the weapon
and the underlyin bone splits it .2. Most commonly seen in areas where skin is
supported loosely such as abdomen and axilla etc When localized pressure along with
push and pull overstretches the skin ,it ruptures and gets separated from underlying
structures. 3.It is the result of passing of a heavy wheel over the limbs of the body.
d) Wound
Single causative factor Multiple causative factor
Mechanical Other Blast Firearm
Blunt Sharp Temperature Shot gun Rifle
Penetrating Cutting Electricity Low velocity High velocity
Radiation
Corrosives

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) NRA

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

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Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.5.1
Description
STEM After one month of plane crash skeletons of humans were found at the place of plane
crash and these were sent for identification purpose to a forensic laboratory:
a.How you will differentiate femur of female from a male,describe? (2)
b.How you will differentiate chest bone(sternum) of female from male,describe? (2)
c.Name any one use of KROGMAN SCALE? (1)
KEY a) Head of femor is larger and articular surface forms more than two thirds of a
sphere in males in contrast to head of the femor of females. The pelvis being
narrow, the neck of femor forms an obtuse angle with the shaft in males and
the pelvis being wide ,the neck of femor forms a right angle with the shaft in
females..
b) The body of the sternum is bigger and generally more than twice the length of
the manubrium in males and the body of the sternum is shorter and generally
less than twice the length of the manubrium.
c) Determination of age and sex from bones of the person.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
9.2.3
TOS-ID
Description
STEM In a RTA ,driver’s brain was irreversibly injured.so,he was put on the ventilator,in the
light of this case answer following questions:
a.What do you mean by legal death (2)
b.Till what time cornea and skin will remain viable after somatic death (3)
KEY a. When the properties of the whole patient are irreversibly lost following brain
death ,he should be taken as legally dead .The cells and tissues continue to
remain viable for a variable time after systemic death.Since systemic death
occurs earlier than death of organs ,there shoould be no objection to the
preservation and removal of the organs for organ transplantation.
b. 6 Hours and 12 Hours respectively

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) NRA

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.2
Description
STEM A middle aged man came from Sargodha and stayed in a guest house in Karachi .In the
morning he was found dead. The police investigation indicated there is suspicion of
poisoning. On autopsy of this case what specimens you will collect and preserve for
chemical analysis by the authorized lab? (5)
KEY SPECIMEN/ORGAN
1.Stomach with contents (Whole),2.Intestine with contents (2 feet),3.Liver 4.Spleen
(whole) 5.Kidney (one) ,6.Brain (500gm),7.Hair(10gm) ,8.Lung(One),9.Blood (50-100cc)
10.Urine(All available) .

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.7.1
Description
STEM A young boy ingested a poison in his home .There was some delay in bringing him to
the emergency ward. This results into absorption of significant amount of poison into
his blood. What methods you will employ to eliminate this poison from his body?
KEY 1.(FORCED DIURESIS): Forced diuresis is employed to help remove chemicals from the
blood after they have been absorbed.
2.(Dialysis): This is governed by the laws of osmosis.
3.Hemoperfusion:

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.7.1
Description
STEM (a ) Enlist factors which modify the action of poisons in the body (2)
(b) Briefly describe fate of a poison in the body (03)
KEY 1. Quantity/Dose
2. Form
3. Mode of administration
4. Condition of the patient
(B) Unless the poison is given in a small amount and in a liquid state, the greater part of
it may be lost by vomiting or diarrhoea. Once it is absorbed, the body may deal with it
in one of several ways. It may be excreted unchanged. Commonly, it may be partly or
completely metabolized or converted to another active compound prior to further
metabolism (Biotransformation) .
When not completely metabolized, it may be detected in the original form or in the
form of intermediate products in the tissue (eg. Liver, bile) or the excreta (e.g,
urine).Certain tissues ,such as the epidermis ,nails, hair and bones ,may retain
inorganic poisons ,such as Arsenic ,after it is eliminated from the rest of the body ,and
the bony skeleton may hold such poisons as arsenic, lead and radioactive isotopes for
long periods.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.7.1
Description
STEM (a) what is universal antidote? (2)
(b) Give your comments of the myth of universal antidote (3)
KEY (a) It is an antidote that is used in those cases where the nature of the ingested poison
is unknown or where it is suspected that a combination of two or more poisons has
been taken. (For emergency treatment of poisoning by a variety of substances)
During 20th century, universal antidote dominated all other antidotes as being the῝
best method” for treating most cases of ingested poisons.
Universal antidote:-Tannic acid 1 part, Magnesium oxide 1part and activated charcoal
2parts.
(b) Universal antidote is no longer recommended as an emergency antidote. Because
we know that activated charcoal component of universal antidote adsorbs part of
magnesium oxide and tannic acid. This reduces its overall adsorptive property and
therefore its antidotal efficacy.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.2
Description
STEM Dead body of a very senior photographer is exhumed on the suspicion that he was
given repeated doses of a heavy metal poison before his death.
(a)What specimens you will collect in this case? (4)
(b)How you will preserve them? (1)
KEY (a)
Specimen/Material to be collected Poison
Bone, Hair and Nails Heavy metals and Arsenic ,Antimony
,Thalium

(b) For bones ,hair and nails preservative is not required .It has to be dried in normal
temperature and sealed in plastic bag.
But, bone marrow is preserved in a test tube containing 4-5ml of 5% albumin –normal
saline solution and stored at 4Ċ.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.7.2
Description
STEM A young lady is brought to emergency ward of a hospital with H/O administration of a
poison.How clinical examination of the following will help in diagnosing the poison?
(a)Eye (2.5)
(b)Oral cavity (2.5)
KEY System Sign Diagnosis
Opium,Nicotene,Barbiturates,
Miosis Benzodiazepines,Caffeine.
Eye
Mydiasis Dhatura,Atropine,Cannabis

Nystagmus Ethanol
Mercury,Arsenic,corrosives,
Salivation organophosphates
Oral cavity
Gum discolouration Lead and other heavy metals
Garlic Heavy metals
odour
Smell Rotten H2S
eggs
Phenolic Carbolic acid
Kerosine Organophosphates

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.5.1
Description
STEM A thief was apprehended by the police within 24 hours after a burglary. Leaving finger
prints on the door knob made it possible
a) What are various types of finger prints? (2.5)
b) Briefly mention advantages of dactylography. (2.5)
KEY A)❶Loops ❷Whorls ❸Arches ❹Composite
B)
1) Applicable to persons of all ages
2) Prints can often be obtained even from putrefied bodies.
3) Absolute identification is possible
4) No special training or expensive instruments are necessary.
5) The system lends itself to easy classification
6) The actual print is always available to check any suspected error.
7) The print can be transmitted from one place to another as a coded or
digitalized message.
8) The development of computerized automated fingerprint identification system
(AFIS) now permits rapid entry, comparison and identification in minutes to
hours as opposed to weeks to months using conventional manual search
methods.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK,NRA

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.2
Description
STEM In some jurisdictions ,even nowadays ,only external examination of a dead body is
conducted .Though the procedure may modify according to the nature of case ,briefly
describe the standard routine of such an examination.
KEY ❶Data for identification:- Age, sex, hair, iris, colour ,tattoos ,scars ,deformities etc.
Body wt: & height of the body.
❷Detailed examination of clothing and whole body:-Any tears, loss of buttons, or
disarrangement, cuts, holes, burns, or blackening from firearm discharge, the colour,
stains.
A radiological examination is desirable in cases of firearm injuries ,decomposed bodies
,bodies exposed to fire or explosions ,child abuse ,occult neck injuries , and suspected
case of air embolism.
❸Photographs or sketches:- Scaled photographs or sketches of stains and injuries or
pathologic processes other than those of traumatic origin should be mad
❹Data indicative of time since death
a) Rectal/Nasal/ Sub hepatic slit temperature
b) Rigor mortis
c) Postmortem lividity
d) Putrefaction.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK ,

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.5.1
Description
STEM A commercial flight ,ten minutes after being air –borne crashed .Briefly mention
various modalities a forensic pathologist can use to identify the victim.
KEY The methods used for identification include collection and correlation of specific and
non-specific relevant data.
Specific Data Non-Specific Data
❶Finger prints ❶Documents
❷Dental identification ❷Jewellery
❸X-Ray comparison ❸Diary
❹DNA-Typing

Body features, such as scars, tattoos, operations, vaccinations, hair pattern, implanted
devices etc. and visual identification and photographs. Specially organized team work is
necessary for this purpose.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.3
Description
STEM A dead body of a young man was found by canal bank .A forensic expert recorded the
rectal temperature of the corpse and declared him dead for the four hours .Briefly
describe the variables affecting postmortem temperature changes in a dead body.
KEY ❶Age and condition of the body:- Children ,Dwarfs and lean persons cool rapidly.
Women, Fat, tall and adults cool slowly. ❷Mode of death: Sudden death in healthy
individual, body tends to cool slowly,after a long and wasting illness ,the body cools
rapidly. ❸Surroundings:Movement of atmospheric air ,water accelerates cooling
.Clothing is a bad conductor. ❹Environmental temperature:Rapid cooling if difference
in environmental temperature and body is great.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK. NRA

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.1
Description
STEM A man was stabbed in the abdomen by another during scuffle. The weapon was
kitchen knife and the wound muscle deep. Briefly describe the characteristics of such a
wound when examined in a medicolegal clinic.
KEY A: Description of the stab wound should include
1) Wound of entry,shape,size,margins and presence of foreign bodies,if any
2) Depth and direction
3) Wound of exit,if present.
B: 1) A wedge shaped injury is present ,depth is graeter than its length and
breadth,margins of the entry wound are clean cut and edges inverted .Wound of exit is
absent in this case but this is a type of penetrating wound.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK,NRA

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.2
Description
STEM The suspected cause of death in a 25 year old lady is air embolism during criminal
abortion .Give the autopsy technique to detect air embolism.
KEY If air embolism in the pulmonary artery is suspected e.g in a case of suspected abortion
and open wound of the neck, the following procedure is recommended.
In pulmonary air embolism, death is due to mechanical obstruction to out flow of
blood from right ventricle .If possible ,a regional x-Ray may be taken with the beam
projected horizontally .
To demonstrate air embolism ,the pericardial sac is cut anteriorly ,filled with water
,and the edges grasped with hemostats on each side.
The right side of the heart is then punctured when bubbles of air and frothy blood will
be seen to emerge.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) NRA

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.1.2
Description
STEM What is meant by professional misconduct ?What practices are to be avoided to
prevent the professional misconduct?
KEY If a medical man ,during his professional work,has done something ,which will be
regarded as disgracefull by his professional brethern of good repute.
Following practices are to be avoided to avoid professional misconduct

1. Abuse of medical practioner’s privileges

2. Abuse of doctor patient relationship
3. Abuse of professional knowledge
4. Associating unqualified persons in professional work
5. Advertising and convincing with a view to have unreasonable gains

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.3
Description
STEM A dead body at the autopsy table is showing stiffness all over .Name the condition
.what is the scientific basis of this stiffness?
KEY Rigor Mortis
It is due to chemical changes involving the structural proteins of the muscle proteins of
the muscle fibres and indicates the muscular death of its cells.The contractile element
of the muscle consists of protein filaments of two types viz.myosin and actin ,which are
organised and arranged in interdigitating manner .In the relaxed state ,the actin
filaments interdigitate with myosin filaments only to a small extent but when the
muscle contracts ,they interdigitate to a greater extent due to presence of ATP.The
production and utilization of ATP are constantly balanced in life .After death ,ATP is
resynthesized for a short time depending upon the glycogen available locally ,but after
that glycogen is used up ,ATP can not be resynthesized .This leads to the fusion of actin
and myosin filaments into a dehydrated stiff gel resulting in the condition lnown as
rigor mortis .During rigor mortis ,the reaction of muscle changes from alkaline to acidic
owing to the formation of lactic acid .

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.2
Description
STEM Police has brought to you a bag containing bones .what information you can furnish to
the police and how?what is commingling?
KEY Commingling means to mix or mingletogether ,combine.
A complete list of bones received for examination is prepared preferably along with
the photographs of each bone.The bones are cleaned ,if necessary ,then arranged in
the normal anatomical manner,and the reconstructed skeleton photographed.An
anatomist ,dentist, anthropologist,and radiologist with medicolegal experience should
be consulted.
An opinion can be given on the following aspects
1)Source ,whether human or animal. 2)Belong to one or more individuals. 3)Age.4)Sex.
5)Stature. 6)Race. 7)Identity.8)Special features . 9)Cause of death ,and. 10) Time since
death.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.6.2
Description
STEM A female victim of rape is brought for examination .Describe the steps of examination
of such a victim in out patient department.
KEY Step Description
Pre-examination Consent,bio data and personal identity
History General,obstetric and specific
General impression Dress,make-up & mental status
Examination of clothes Undressing,condition of clothes and
trace evidence in these
Examination of body
General Built,stature,vitals and general injuries
Systemic All organ systems
Genital Condition of genitalia and anal canal and
foreign deposits (biological or other)
Collection of specimens From clothes,body and genitalia

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) NRA 81

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.7.2
Description
STEM Describe the manifestations of chronic lead poisoning.Name the screening test for
early detection of the condition.
KEY More than 200 punctate basophilia cells per cmm is diagnostic and so also the
presence of 0.25 mg of lead per liter of urine .
Facial pallor,Anaemia with punctate basophilia,lead line,collic and constipation
,paralysis(Wrist drop,foot drop),Encephalopathy,Hypertension,Reproductive system
manifestations and foul breath,headache,irritability,headach etc.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.7.2
Description
STEM A farmer brought in the emergency department in month of August having excessive
salivation,voiding of urine and stools in clothes ,chest exhibits bronchospasm ,pupils
are constricted and frothy fluid is coming from nose and mouth with garlicy odour.
1. What is the possible diagnosis? 01
2. How history contributes to diagnosis? 01
3. Name the single medicine to generally treat the case 01
4. Whhat is specific treatment in this case 01
5. Narrate two immediate remedies upon arrival 01
KEY 1. Organophosphorus poisoning
2. SLUD (Salivation ,lacrimation,urination,Defecation)
3. Atropine
4. Decontamination,Care of airway,Administration of an
antidote(Atropine),Administration of cholinestrase reactivators(Pralidoxime
chloride,PAM.
5. Decontamination,Care of airway.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Note: Diagrams/Charts/Graphs if any should attach along this

 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.2.2
Description
STEM What is meant by the term negative autopsy ,explaining the factors conducive to such
results?
KEY Inspite of a thorough postmortem examination ,chemical analysis and microscopic
examination ,the cause of death can not be arrived at.Such an autopsy is termed as a
negative or obscure autopsy.Such cases include deaths precipited by –a. Functional
inhibition of the vagus nerve or excessive sympathetic discharge –b. Endocrine
disturbances e.g diabetes and adrenal isufficiency – c. Iatrogenic disorders,like sudden
withdrawal of steroids or betablockers,- d. Trauma such as concussion,self reduced
neck injury,concealed puncture wounds which escaped detection at autopsy and other
conditions Like -e.Idiopathic epilepsy ,chronic asthma,convalescence from recent
infection especially in athletes,SIDS,Obscure poison. In such cases medical officer
should frankly admit that the cause of death can not be determined.

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Note: Diagrams/Charts/Graphs if any should attach along this

 BAHRIA UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Short Essay Question

PROGRAM MBBS
SUBJECT Forensic Medicine
PROF 2nd
TOS-ID 9.7.1
Description
STEM a) Define antidotes 01
b) What are various types of antidotes ,explain each with examples? 04
KEY Antidotes are remedies which counteract or neutralise the effect of a poisons without
causing appreciable harm to the body.
1)Mechanical or physical antidotes(They neutralize the poison by their physical action)
e.g Demulcents, bulky food activated charcol.
2)Chemical antidotes(These act chemically with the poison to form less toxic
compounds)e.g Dilute acetic acid or vinegar neutralizes alkalis.
3)Receptor/Pharmacological/Physiological antidote(These are substances that
compete with the poison for the same receptor site and thus reduce its effects.
e.g Naloxone for Morphine
Atropine for Organophosphorus
Neostigmine for dhatura
Diazepam for Strychnine

Domain: Recall Interpretation Problem solving

Reference(s) PRK

Prepared By

College: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad

Name: DR. QAZI AJAZ AHMAD

Signature: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Date: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Note: Diagrams/Charts/Graphs if any should attach along this