HYDRAULIC LABORATORY

“Hydraulic bombs”

Dawanny Rodriguez Celis

(5500405)

Ingeniero Ricardo Vargas Laverde

Universidad Militar Nueva Granada

Faculty of Engineering.
Civil Engineering Program.
May 2019.
 Página 2

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 3
OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................ 4
I. Overall objective............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
II. Especific objectives ................................................................................................. 4
THEORETICAL FUNDAMENT .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
MATERIALS .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DATA COLLECTED ............................................................................................................. 8
ANALYSIS ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................. 10
REFERENCES ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
 Página 3

INTRODUCTION

It is common to note the displacement of fluids in flow systems, more or less long
and complex involving straight, generally cylindrical conduits of various diameters and
accessories, this largely generates losses, which occur in the path of the flow, so that it is
necessary to add energy from the outside through devices called pumps. Said energy that
must be supplied to the system for the fluid to move will depend specifically on the
magnitude of the flow, the height at which it must rise, the pressure at the end of the path,
the lengths, the diameters and the physical properties such as the viscosity and density of
the circulating fluid.

This report seeks to analyze the operation and behavior of a pump operating at
different revolutions, in order to establish its effectiveness in a work with a specific
objective, which will depend on the magnitude of height and flow requesting. On the other
hand, the performance with its respective characteristics is verified when two pumps are
connected in series and in parallel, so that the best performance is established for each of
the configurations seen.
 Página 4

OBJECTIVES

I. Overall objective

Study the behavior of a hydraulic pump and the energy that it supplies a fluid to provide
hydraulic power, determining the characteristic curves of the pumps in the laboratory.

II. Especific Objectives

- Determine the characteristic curves of the different data obtained.

- Analyze the characteristic curves of a pump from the data obtained during the
practice.
- Interpret the results obtained in the laboratory to determine in what the pump can be
used, taking into account the manufacturer's requirements.
 Página 5

THEORETICAL FUNDAMENT

For the development of the following report, there were different clear concepts,
before making the practice of hydraulic pumps, the concepts are:

Reynolds Number: Reynolds experiments revealed that the onset of turbulence was
a function of fluid velocity, viscosity and a typical dimension.

Local Head Losses: Head losses, in addition to those due to friction, are always
incurred at pipe bends, junctions, valves, etc. These additional losses are due to eddy
formation generated in the fluid at the fitting and, for completeness, they must be taken into
account.

Pumps: A hydraulic pump is a device used to impart motion to a liquid and thereby
convert mechanical energy to hydraulic energy. It provides the force required to transmit
power.

Pumps are rated in terms of flow and pressure. The flow rating (volumetric output)
is the amount of liquid which can be delivered by the pump per unit time at a specified
speed. A pump does not produce pressure. The pressure developed at the outlet depends on
the resistance to flow in the circuit.
(iopcience, 2019)

Continuous flow pumps comprise two elements:

1. A rotating element which transfers energy to the fluid
2. Some from of casing which encloses the impeller and to which the pipeline is connected.
 Página 6

Classification of pumps: The most common classification and types of pumps are
the following:
- Hydraulic pump: The one whose operation is based on the more or less complete vacuum
that is produced inside by mechanical means.

- Vacuum pump: The hydraulics that consists of a suction tube and a plunger, provided
with one or more holes.

Characteristic curves of the pumps: The actual behavior of the centrifugal pumps
is deduced from the actual characteristics of the pump, which are provided by the
manufacturer testing the pump in a laboratory. These characteristic curves can be obtained
from the theoretical behavior of the pump. The characteristic curves of greater interest are:

Height according to the flow: 𝐻 = 𝐻 (𝑄)

Power depending on the flow: 𝑃 = 𝑃 (𝑄).
Efficiency according to the flow: 𝑛 = 𝑛 (𝑄)

(Grundfos, 2019)
 Página 7

MATERIALS

Centrifugal pump with variable speed drive:

Centrifugal pumps are always rotary and are a type of
hydraulic pump that transforms the mechanical energy of an
impeller into kinetic energy or pressure of an incompressible
fluid.

Manometer in the discharge: It is a measuring

instrument for the pressure of fluids contained in closed
containers. There are two types of pressure gauges,
depending on whether they are used to measure the pressure
of liquids or gases.

Hydraulic bench: Equipment designed to study the behavior of fluids, hydraulic

theory and the properties of fluid mechanics. The hydraulic bank consists of:

1) Volumetric tank.
2) Cutting valve.
3) Piezometric tube.
4) Water outlet.
5) Hoses.
6) Water tank.
7) Suction pump.

Flow meter: It is a measuring instrument for the pressure

of fluids contained in closed containers. There are two types of
 Página 8

pressure gauges, depending on whether they are used to measure the pressure of liquids or
gases.

Pressure gauge in the suction: It is a

measuring instrument for the pressure of fluids
contained in closed containers. There are two types
of pressure gauges, depending on whether they are
used to measure the pressure of liquids or gases.

DATA COLLECTED

ANALYSIS
 Página 9

(hidroterm, 2019)

(hidroterm, 2019)
 Página 10

CONCLUSIONES
 Página 11

Bibliografía
Grundfos. (23 de 05 de 2019). iagua.es. Obtenido de
http://www.iagua.es/sites/default/files/images/medium/npsh3.jpg.

iopcience. (23 de 05 de 2019). iopscience.iop.org. Obtenido de

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/129/1/012036/pdf.

Lujan, G. L. (2011). slideshare.net. Recuperado el 02 de 05 de 2019, de

https://es.slideshare.net/yuricomartinez/labo-4-prdida-de-carga-en-tuberas-y-accesorios

Sotelo, G. (2012). Hidraulica General. ciudad de Mexico: Limusa.