2D AUTOCAD NOTES

October 9, 2017

additional drawing settings by right-

Chapter 3: clicking on the button located on the status
bar.
Drawing Aids
Setting Grid and Snap
Grid is the basic drawing setting. It makes
In this chapter, you will learn to do the
the graphics window appear like a graph
following:
paper.
 Use Grid and Snap  Click Application Menu > New;
You can turn ON the grid display by
 Use Ortho Mode and Polar the Select Template dialog
clicking the Grid icon on the status bar or
Tracking appears.
just pressing F7 on the keyboard.
 Use Object Snaps and Object  Select the acadISO-Named Plot
Snap is used for drawing objects by using
Snap Tacking Styles template. Click Open.
the intersection points of the grid lines.
 Create Layers and assign
When you turn the Snap Mode ON, you  On the Status bar, click the down
properties to it
will be able select only grid points. In the arrow next to the Snap Mode icon
 Zoom and Pan drawings
following example, you will learn to set and select Snap Settings. The
Drawing Aids the grid and snap settings. Drafting Settings dialog appears.
This chapter teaches you to define the Example:  Click the Snap and Grid tab on
drawing settings, which will assist you to the dialog.
easily create a drawing in AutoCAD. Most  Set Grid X spacing to 10 and press
drawing settings can be turned on or off TAB key; the Grid Y spacing is
from the status bar. You can also access updated with the same value.

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 Set Major line every to 10.
 Select the Snap On check box.
 Make sure that Snap X spacing
and Snap Y spacing is set to 10.
 Make sure that the Grid snap
option is selected in the Snap type
group.
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2D AUTOCAD NOTES
October 9, 2017
 Press ENTER to accept the lower
 Click OK on the dialog. limit as 0,0. Now, you need to
define the upper limit.
 Activate the Grid icon on the
 Type 80,50 and press ENTER key.
Status Bar.
 On the Navigate Bar, click Zoom >
Setting the Limits of a
Zoom All; the graphics window will be
drawing zoomed to the limits.
You can set the limits of a drawing by Setting the Lineweight
defining its lower-left and top-right Line weight is the thickness of the objects
corners. By setting Limits of a drawing, that you draw. In AutoCAD, there is a
you will define the size of the drawing default lineweight assigned to objects.
area. In AutoCAD, limits are set to some However, you can set a new lineweight.
default values. However, you can redefine The method to set the lineweight is
the limits to change the drawing area as per explained below.
your requirement.
 Type Limits at the command line
and press ENTER.
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 On the Status bar, click the  Type L in the command line and press  Move the pointer vertically upwards
Customization option, and then select ENTER. and select the grid point next to the
LineWeight from the flyout. This  Type 10,10 and press ENTER to define previous point.
shows the LineWeight icon on the the first point.  Move the pointer horizontally toward
status bar.  Move the pointer horizontally toward left and select the second grid point
 Activate the Show/Hide Lineweight right and click on the sixth grid point from the previous point.
icon located on the status bar. from the first point.  Right-click and select Close.
 Right click on the Show/Hide  Move the pointer vertically upwards
Lineweight icon, and then select and select the third grid point from the
Lineweight Settings. The Lineweight second point.
Settings dialog appears.  Move the pointer horizontally toward
left and select the second grid point
from the previous point.
 Move the pointer vertically downwards
and select the grid point next to the
previous point.
 Save and close the file.
 Move the pointer horizontally toward
 On the Lineweight Settings dialog, Using Ortho mode and
left and select the second grid point
select 0.40 mm from the Default drop- Polar Tracking
from the previous point. Ortho mode is used to draw orthogonal
down.
(horizontal or vertical) lines. Polar
 Click OK.
Tracking is used to constrain the lines to

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angular increments. In the following
example, you will create a drawing with
the help of Ortho Mode and Polar
Tracking.
 Open a new AutoCAD file.
 Deactivate the Grid Display and Snap
Mode icons on the status bar.
 Click the Ortho Mode icon on the
status bar.
 Click Zoom All on the Navigation
Bar.
 Click the Line button on the Draw
panel.
 Select an arbitrary point to define the
starting point.
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2D AUTOCAD NOTES
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 Move the pointer toward right, type
100 and press ENTER; you will notice
that a horizontal line is created.
 Move the pointer upwards, type 50 and
press ENTER; you will notice that a
vertical line is created.
 Click the Polar Tracking icon on the
status bar.
You will notice a track line at 30-
degree increments when you rotate the
pointer.
 Move the pointer and stop when the
 Click the down arrow next to the Polar tooltip displays <150 angle value.
tracking icon, and select 30 from the
menu.
 Type 50 and press ENTER when the
tooltip displays <150o.
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 2D AUTOCAD NOTES
October 9, 2017

 Move the pointer toward left.

 Type 100 and press ENTER when the
tooltip displays <180o.
 Move the pointer downward.
 Type 50 and press ENTER when the The components of the Layer Properties
tooltip displays <270 o. Manager are shown below. The Tree
 Right-click and select Close. View section is used for displaying layer
filters, group, or state information. The
List View section is the main body of the
Using Layers Layer Properties Manager. It lists the
Layers are like a group of transparent
sheets that are combined into a complete individual layers that currently exist in the

drawing. drawing.
Layer Properties
The figure below displays a drawing
consisting of object lines and dimension Manager
lines. In this example, the object lines are The Layer Properties Manager is used to
created on the ‘Object’ layer, and create and manage layers. To open Layer
dimensions are created on the layer called Properties Manager, click Home >
‘Dimension’. You can easily turn-off the Layers > Layer Properties on the ribbon
The List View section contains various
‘Dimension’ layer for a clearer view of the or enter LA in the command line.
properties. You can set layer properties and
object lines.
perform various operations in the List

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 2D AUTOCAD NOTES
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View section. A brief explanation of each
layer property is given below.
Status –Shows a green check when a layer
is set to current.
Name - Shows the name of the layer.
On – Used to turn on/off the visibility of a
layer. When a layer is turned on, it shows a
yellow light-bulb. When you turn off a
layer, it shows a grey light-bulb.
Freeze/Thaw – It is used to freeze the
objects of a layer so that they cannot be
modified.
Also, the visibility of the object is turned
off.
Lock/Unlock- It is used to lock the layer
so that the objects on it cannot be
modified.
Color – It is used to assign a color to the
layer.
Linetype – It is used to assign a linetype to
the layer.
Lineweight – It is used to define the
lineweight (thickness) of objects on the
layer.
Transparency – It is used to define the
transparency of the layer. You set a
transparency level from 0 to 90 for all
objects on a layer.
Plot Style – It is used to override the
settings such as color, linetype, and
lineweight while plotting a drawing.
Plot – It is used to control which layer will
be plotted.
New VP Freeze – It is used to create and
freeze a layer in any new viewport.
Description – It is used to enter a detailed
description about the layer.
Creating a New Layer
You can create a new layer by using
anyone of the following methods:
1. Click the New Layer button on the
Layer Properties Manager; a new
layer with the name ‘Layer1’
appears in Name field. Next, enter
the name of the layer in the Name
field.
2. Right-click in the Name field and select
New Layer from the shortcut menu.
3. Select an existing layer, and then type
ENTER or comma (,).
Making a layer current
If you want to draw objects on a particular
layer, then you have to make it current.
You can make a layer current using the
methods listed below.

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1. Select the layer from the List view
and click the Set Current button
on the Layer Properties Manager.
2. Double-click on the Name field of the
layer.
3. Right-click on the layer and select Set
current.
4. Select the layer from the Layer drop-
down of the Layer panel.
5. Click the Make Current button on the
Layers panel. Next, select an object; the
layer related to the selected object will
become current.
Deleting a Layer
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2D AUTOCAD NOTES
October 9, 2017
snap shortcut menu. Press and hold the
You can delete a layer by using anyone of SHIFT key and right-click to display this
the following methods: shortcut menu.
1. Click the Delete Layer button or
press ALT+D.
2. Right-click in the Name field and select
Delete Layer from the shortcut menu.
You will learn more about layers in later
chapters. You can find an example related
to layers in the Offset tool section of
chapter 4.
Using Object Snaps
Object Snaps are important settings that
improve your performance and accuracy
The functions of various Object Snaps are
while creating a drawing. They allow you
explained next.
to select keypoints of objects while
 Endpoint: Snaps to the endpoints of
creating a drawing. You can activate the
lines and arcs.
required Object Snap by using the Object
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 Midpoint: Snaps to the midpoint of  Node: Snaps to points of dimensions

lines.
 Nearest: Snaps to the nearest point
found along any object.
 Center: Snaps to the centers of circles
and arcs.
 Geometric Center: Snaps to the center
point of a closed geometry created by a
single object such as polyline,
rectangle or polygon.
 Tangent: Snaps to the tangent points
of arcs and circles.
 Quadrant: Snaps to four key points
located on a circle.
 Intersection: Snaps to the intersections
of objects.
 Apparent Intersection: Snaps to the
projected intersection of two objects in
3D space.
 Perpendicular: Snaps to
perpendicular location on an object.
lines, text objects, dimension text and
Running Object Snaps
so on.
Previously, you have learned to select
 Insert: Snaps to the insertion point of
Object Snaps from the shortcut menu.
blocks, shapes and text.
However, you can make Object Snap
 None: Deactivates Object Snap.
modes available continuously instead of
 Parallel: It is used to draw an object
selecting them every time. You can do this
parallel to another object.
by using the Running Object Snaps. To
 Extension: Creates a temporary
use the Running Object Snaps, click the
extension line when the pointer passes
down arrow next to the Object Snaps
through the endpoints of a line or an
button on the status bar and select the
arc. You can pick points along the
required object snap from the menu.
temporary extension lines.
 From: Locates a point at a specified
distance and direction from a selected
reference point.
 Midpoint Between 2 Points: Snaps to
the middle point of two selected points.
 Temporary Track Point: It is used to
a locate a point by using trace lines from
a reference point.

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 2D AUTOCAD NOTES
October 9, 2017

following example, you will learn to cycle

through different object snaps.
Example:
 Click the down arrow next to the
Object Snap button and select the
Object Snap Settings option; the
Drafting Settings dialog appears.
Select the Select All check box and
click the OK button.
 Draw the objects as shown below.

Cycling through Object Snaps

You can also select the Object Snap
Settings option from the menu to open the
After setting the Running Object Snap  Click the Circle button on the Draw
settings, AutoCAD displays object snaps panel.
Drafting Settings dialog. In this dialog,
you can select the required Object Snaps
depending on the shape of the object.  Place the pointer on the drawing. Press
However, you can cycle through the object the TAB key; you will notice that the
by selecting check boxes.
snaps by pressing the TAB. In the object snaps change.

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 Click when the Center snap is
displayed and draw a circle.
Using Object Snap Tracking
Object Snap tracking is the movement of
pointer along the trace lines originating
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2D AUTOCAD NOTES
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from the keypoints of objects. Object Snap
Tracking works only when the Object
Snap mode is turned on. In the following
example, you will learn to use Object Snap
Tracking for creating objects.
Example:
 Use the Line tool and draw the objects
 Select the Object Snap Tracking
as shown below.
button from the Status bar.
(OR)
 Press the ENTER key twice to start
 Open the Drafting Settings dialog and
drawing lines from the last point.
click the Object Snap tab.
 Move the pointer and place it on the
 Select the Object Snap Tracking On
endpoint of the lower horizontal line.
check box.
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 Move the pointer above; you will
notice the trace line, as shown below.
 Click on the trace line to create an
inclined line.
 Snap the pointer to the endpoint of the
lower horizontal line and click.
 Right-click and select Enter.
 Click the Circle button on the Draw
panel of the ribbon.
 Place the pointer over the lower
endpoint of the inclined line and move
horizontally; you will notice that a
trace line is displayed. Also a vertical
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2D AUTOCAD NOTES
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trace line is displayed from the
midpoint of the horizontal line as show
below.
 Click at the point where the horizontal
and vertical trace lines intersect. Next,
create a circle as shown below.
Using Zoom tools
Using the zoom tools, you can magnify or
reduce a drawing. You can use these tools
to view the minute details of a very
complicated drawing. The Zoom tools can
be accessed from the Navigation Bar,
Command line, and Menu Bar.
Zooming with a Mouse Wheel
Zooming using the mouse wheel is one of
the easiest methods.
 Roll the mouse wheel forward to zoom
into a drawing.
 Roll the mouse wheel backwards to
zoom out of the drawing.
 Press the mouse wheel and drag the
mouse to pan the drawing.
Using Zoom Extents
 Using the Zoom Extents tool, you can
zoom to the extents of the largest
object in a drawing.
 Click Zoom Extents on the Navigation
Bar.
 You can also double-click on the
mouse wheel to zoom to extents.
Using Zoom-Window
 Using the Zoom-Window tool, you
can define the area to be magnified by
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 2D AUTOCAD NOTES
October 9, 2017
selecting two points representing a to a magnifying glass with plus and
rectangle. minus symbols.
 Click Zoom > Zoom Window on the  Press and hold the left mouse button
Navigation Bar. and drag the mouse forward to zoom
 Create a window by selecting the first into the drawing.
corner and the second corner; the area  Drag the mouse backward to zoom out
covered by the window will be of the drawing.
magnified. Using Zoom-All
Using Zoom-Previous
 The Zoom All tool is used to adjust the
After magnifying a small area of the drawing space to the limits set by using
drawing, you can use the Zoom-Previous the LIMITS command.
tool to return to the previous display.  Click Zoom > Zoom All on the
 Click Zoom > Zoom Previous on the Navigation Bar; the drawing will be
Navigation Bar. zoomed to its limits.
Using Zoom-Realtime Using Zoom Dynamic
Using the Zoom-Realtime tool, you can With the Zoom Dynamic tool, you can
zoom in or zoom out of a drawing in real zoom to a particular portion of a drawing
time. by using a viewing box.
 Click Zoom > Zoom Realtime on the  Click Zoom Dynamic on the
Navigation Bar; the pointer is changed Navigation Bar; the drawing will be
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zoomed to its limits. In addition, a
viewing box is attached to the pointer.
 Click and drag the pointer to define the
shape of the viewing box.
 Left-click and move the pointer the
area to be zoomed.
 Click the right mouse button. The area
covered by the viewing box is
magnified.
Using Zoom-Scale
 Using the Zoom-Scale tool, you can
zoom in or zoom out of a drawing by
entering zoom scale factors directly
from your keyboard.
 Click Zoom > Zoom Scale on the
Navigation Bar. The message, “Enter
a scale factor (nX or nXP)” appears in
the command line.
 Enter the scale factor 0.25 to scale the
drawing to 25% of the full view.
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 Enter the scale factor 0.25X to scale
the drawing to 25% of the current
view.
 Enter the scale factor 0.25XP to scale
the drawing to 25% of the paper space.
Using Zoom-Center
Using the Zoom Center tool, you can
zoom to an area of the drawing based on a
center point and magnification value.
 Click Zoom > Zoom Center on the
Navigation Bar; the message, “Define
Center point” appears in the command
line.
 Select a point in the drawing to which
you want to zoom in; the message,
“Enter magnification or height”
appears in the command line.
 Enter 10X in the command line to
magnify the location of point the
selected point by ten times.
Using Zoom-Object
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2D AUTOCAD NOTES
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Using the Zoom Object tool, you can
Panning Drawings
magnify a portion of the drawing by
 After zooming into a drawing, you may
selecting one or more objects.
want to view an area which is outside
 Click Zoom > Zoom Object on the
the current display. You can do this by
Navigation Bar.
using the Pan tool.
 Select one or more objects from the
 Click Pan on the Navigation Bar.
drawing and press ENTER; the objects
 Press and hold the middle mouse
will be magnified.
button and drag the mouse; a new area
Using Zoom-In
of the drawing, which is outside the
 Using the Zoom In tool, you can
current view, is displayed.
magnify the drawing by a scale factor
of 2.
Exercises
 Click Zoom > Zoom-In on the
Navigation Bar; the drawing is
magnified to double.
Using Zoom-Out
 The Zoom-out tool is used to de-
magnify the display screen by a scale
factor of 0.5.
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