Unit IV Motivation
Motivation literally means to move, to
energies or to activate of the organism.
Definition: (Underwood (1968))
motivation means the classes of
operations used to produce and
measure changes in performance and
changes in energy output.
Motivation is defined as conditions
within the organism which arouse,
maintain and direct behaviour
towards a specific goal.
The four components of motivation are
01. Need
02. Drive
03. Response
04. Goal
When you hungry, there is need for
food because your earlier intake of food
is used up. The need for food caused you
to fell hungry which is the drive which
pushed you to fin food. This is called the
hunger drive. This drive caused you to
respond with some action, which in this
case was finding food which was your
response. Actual eating was your goal.
When you had reached your goal by
eating the food, your motivation to find
food disappeard and your need for food
was relieved for the time being. When
you become hungry again you go
through the same motivational cycle
again.
Motivational cycle
goal need
response drive
Most of our motive checks from the
book
Need: the term need refer to general
wants or desires . it refers to a
condition of lacking or deficiency of
something that is essential for
survival. The deficiency may be
food, water, air, sex etc. every
human being has to strive for the
satisfaction of this asic needs if he is
to maintain and actualize or enhance
himself in this world.
Nee are two types
01. Biological
(Primary needs)
02. Socio-psychological
(Secondary needs
Biological needs:
Need for oxygen, water and food.
These need are most fundamental for
our survival and existence. Without
them we can hardly survive.
Need for rest when tired, need for
being active when rested
Need for sleep when deprived of it for
long time.
Need for regular elimination for waste
products.
Need for protection from the
environment.
Need for sexual desire for happy
family life and the continuity and
survival of the human species.
Socio psychological needs:
Need for freedom or gaining
independence.
Need for security.
Need for love and affection.
Need for achieve.
Need for recognition or social
approval.
Need for social company.
 Need for social assertion.
Need for self-expression or self
actualization.

Drive:
A need for food, water, etc. cause
drive such as hunger, thirst etc. they are
the physiological states which induce the
organism to action which in turn leads to
satisfaction. Thus the need (deficiency)
leads to drive (physiological state) which
set the organism to action. The
appropriate action leads to satisfaction
and restoration of physiological balance
or equilibrium. This is also known as
drive reduction or need reduction.
A need gives rise to a