A.

Romero 2008

Calculating Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression

CHEM 30A

Boiling Point Elevation:

Change in BP
(add this number to the Tb = i Kb m
normal BP) mol solute
molality (m) =
kg solvent
mol particles constant (different for each solvent)
van’t Hoff factor =
mol of solute
BP = BPnormal + Tb

Freezing Point Depression:

Change in FP
(subtract this number Tf = i Kf m
from the normal FP)
FP = FPnormal – Tf

Example: What are the BP and FP of a 7.187m NaCl solution?

For water: Kb = 0.512 ºC · kg H2O / mol particles
Kf = 1.86 ºC · kg H2O / mol particles

2 mol particles 0.512 ºC · kg H2O 7.187 mol NaCl

Tb = i Kb m = = 7.35 ºC
1 mol NaCl mol particles 1 kg H2O

BPsoln = BPnormal + Tb = 100.00ºC + 7.35ºC = 107.35ºC

2 mol particles 1.86 ºC · kg H2O 7.187 mol NaCl

Tf = i Kf m = = 26.7 ºC
1 mol NaCl mol particles 1 kg H2O

FPsoln = FPnormal - Tf = 0.00ºC – 26.7ºC = –26.7ºC

Pure Water w/
Water Solute
gas
BP 107.35ºC
100ºC
liquid to the range of temperatures over which the solution
to
FP 0ºC is a liquid is colligatively extended on both ends

solid –26.7ºC