4

General Design
PROCEDURE 2-1
GENERALVESSEL FORMULAS 11, 21

Notation
P = internal pressure, psi Ellipsoidal or
D,, D, = insidehtside diameter, in. torispherical
S = allowable or calculated stress, psi head
-
E =joint efficiency
L =crown radius, in.
K,, R, = insidehutside radius, in.
K, M = coefficients (See Note 3)
crx = longitudinal stress, psi
crTd= circumferential stress, psi
R,,, = mean ra&us of shell, in.
t =thickness or thickness required of shell, head,
t-4
or cone, in.
r =knuckle radius, in.

Notes

1. Formulas are valid for:

a. Pressures < 3,000 psi.
b. Cylindrical shells where t 5 0.5 R, or P 5 0.385 SE. ,JK

For thicker shells see Referencr 1, Para. 1-2.

Figure 2-1. General configuration and dimensional data for vessel
c. Spherical shells and hemispherical heads where shells and heads.
t 5 0.356 R, o r P 5 0.665 SE. For thicker shells see
Reference 1, Para. 1-3.
3 . Formulas for factors:
2, All ellipsoidal and torispherical heads having a mini-
mum specified tensile strength greater than 80,000 psi
shall be designed using S = 20,000 psi at ambient tem-
perature and reduced by the ratio of the allowable
stresses at design temperature and ambient tempera-
ture where required.

15
 9
tD
v)
v)
5
0
<
Table 2-1 $
v)
General Vessel Formulas 2
0
Thickness, t Pressure, P Stress, S tD
E.
(0
I.D. OB. I.D. 0.0. 1.0. 0.0. 3
Part Stress Formula

Shell
-z
m
3
C
Longitudinal 2SEt P(Ri - 0.4t) P(Ro - 1.4t)
PR, PRi PRO 2SEt
[l, Section UG-27(~)(2)] a, = -
0.2t +
2SE 0.4P 2SE 1.4P + Ri - 0.4t Ro - 1.4t 2Et 2Et
Circumferential
[l,Section UG-27(c)(l);
PRi PRO SEt SEt +
P(Ri Et 0.6t) - 0.4t)
P(R0Et

Section 1-l(a)(l)]
SE - 0.6P SE + 0.4P Ri + 0.6t Ro - 0.4t

Heads
Hemi sphere
ax= a+ = -
PRm PRi PRO PSEt 2SEt +
P(Ri 0.2t) P(R0 - 0.8t)
[ I , Section 1-1(a)(2);
Section UG-27(d)]
2t 2SE - 0.2P 2SE 0.8P + R, + 0.2t Ro - 0.8t 2Et 2Et
Ellipsoidal See See
PDiK PDoK 2SEt 2SEt
[ l , Section 1-4(c)] Procedure 2-2 Procedure 2-2
2SE - 0.2P +
2SE 2P(K - 0.1) +
KDi 0.2t KDo - 2t(K - 0.1)
2:l S.E. PSEt 2SEt
PD, PDo
[ l , Section UG-32(d)]
2SE - 0.2P 2SE 1.8P + +
Di 0.2t Do - 1.8t
100%-6% Torispherical 0.885P1, SEt SEt
0.885PLi
Section UG-32(e)]
[l,
SE-0.1P +
SE 0.8P +
0.8854 O.lt 0.8851, - 0.8t
Torispherical Ur c 16.66 2SEt PSEt
PLiM PbM
[l, Section 1-4(d)] 4M + 0.2t
2SE - 0.2P 2SE + P(M - 0.2) 1,M - t(M - 0.2)

Cone
Longitudinal 4SEtcos 0: 4SEtcos cx P(Di - 0.8tCOS a) P(Do - 2.8tc0~CX)
PRm PDi PDo
a, = -
2tcos 0: 4COS cx (SE + 0.4P) 4c0S cx (SE + 1.4P) Di - 0.8tCOS cx Do - 2.8tCOS O: 4Etcos cx 4Etcos 0:

Circumferential
[l,Section 1-4(e); =
PRm PDi PDo 2SEtcos cx 2SEtcos 0: +
P(Di 1 CO COS K) P(Do - 0.8tc0~CX)

Section UG-32(g)]
cT@ ~

tcos 0: 2COS O: (SE - 0.6P) 2~0s

N (SE 0.4P) + +
D, 1.2tcos 0: Do - 0.8tCOS cx 2Etcos cx 2Etcos cx