LITERATURE REVIEW

In everyday life, most of the structural buildings undergo shear stress and bending
moment.

From the diagram above,we can see it is a statically determinate beam and a bending
(sagging) beam under a uniformly distributed load. Beams have the functions of supporting the
loads over empty space, as roof beams supported by thick columns, or as bridges thrown across
water. The colonnaded building was first invented by Egyptians that was the inspiration for the
classic Greek temple. Even with the scarcity of timber in Egypt, wooden beams supported the
roofs.

Back in the days, the bridges were beams supported at each end by the stream banks, or
on piles. The strength of materials methods can be used for beams of different appearances. Such
as the beam of arbitrary cross sections, beams whose shape varies along the length and when the
loads applied in any direction at any point, distributed or concentrated.

Hence, in this assignment, the beam that we were investigating is the I-beam.
 The diagrams shown above are I-beam and H-beam, which is the same beam but in
different orientations. The parallel portions of the beam are known as the flanges while the one
connecting the flanges is web. In a beam, it is common for it to be able to withstand compression
and tension. A beam undergoes tension from two opposing forces pulling on it, which also
known as tensional stress; compression occurs when a force appears to be squishing it or when
the length of the object was shorten, which is referred as compressional stress. When
compression overcomes the beam’s ability to endure the force, buckling will occur whereas
when tension surpasses the beam’s ability to handle the lengthening force, snapping will occur.

Thus, due to tension and compression stresses, the deflection, bending and stresses will
occur of the beam. Therefore moment of inertia was discovered. I-beam is a solid rectangular
𝑏ℎ3
cross section of Ix= . b is the dimension parallel to the bending axis while h is the dimension
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perpendicular to the bending axis.

Below shows the real-life application:

1. Purlins
2. Floor Joists

3. Lintels

4. Bridge girders