Khoa IELTS 2~READING SKILLS — GV: HéngHanh Facebook: HongHanhIELTSMoon.vn Moon.va IELTS COURSE 2 ing dinh tr CULTURE : READING SKILLS VIDEO va LOI GIAI CHI TIET chi cé tai website MOON.VN [Truy cap tab Tiéng Anh — Khéa: IELTS 1 - READING SKILLS (IELTS 1 (TARGET 3.5 - 5.0)] Task 1: Skimming ys Scanning 1. What sort of reading is skimming? A) quick reading B) slow reading 2. What sort of reading is scanning? A) quick reading B) slow reading 3. If you scan a dictionary what are you doing? A) finding a word B) reading a story 4. If you skim a newspaper what are you doing? A) reading the front page B) seeing what's in the paper 5. Itis good to scan a story if you want to read it quickly. A) True B) False 6. Key words and numbers can help with... A) skimming B) scanning Task 2: Divide the following general nouns into pairs with similar meaning: advantage _[ aim benefit | consequence _| difference difficulty __| discrepancy _ | factor hazard influence outcome | problem purpose [risk Task 3 Followings are some paragraph headings. Complete each of the paragraph heading below with a suitable word from the box. action [reservations [role | strategies [outline | problem a. The played by the individual in the maintaining traditions b. The . of protecting culture from outside influences c, Different to combat vandalism of historical sites . svsnnmnee AbOUt the benefits of globalization taken to improve historical sites of international importance of various strategies to promote the speaking Moon.vni - Hoc dé khang dinh minh 1 Hotline: 0432 99 98 98Khoa IELTS2—READING SKILLS — GV: HéngHanh Facebook: HongHanhIELTSMoon.vn Task 4 Paragraph headings i, Various interpretations of culture based on meaning The problem of explaining what culture means . A definition of culture based on shared behaviour - Defining a culture is not only a matter of observation v. The main reason for difficulty in investigating culture vi. The discrepancy between personal explanations and the real reasons for cultural behaviour 1. What do you think the topic of the text is 2. Identify general nouns in each heading and underline them Reading Practice A. Culture is a term for which it is very difficult to give a precise meaning. The word means so many different things to different people, so devising a single acceptable definition is more problematic than may be first thought. The idea of culture as something shared is inherently complex. Even people neighbouring each other, or sharing a common language, or possessing certain common core values may actually have as many differences as similarities. B. Anthropologists have proposed over one hundred different defintions. A number of these are variations on the idea that culture consists of 'shared patterns of bahaviour’ as may be observed by the researcher. This is the definition put forward by Margaret Mead, for example, in her study of indigenous ritual Samoa. This kind of definition, however, does not take account of the fact that studying culture is not just a question of observation, It also involves studying the meaning of this observed behaviour. C. Accordingly, other anthropologists, such as Max Weber, speak of culture as consisting of system of shared meaning; as he puts it, 'man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun.’ Similarly, Claude Levi-Strauss also speaks of culture as a product of the implicit beliefs which underlie it. The problem with this approach is that the meaning of cultural behaviour is not always easy to establish. Explanations may be offered up to a point, but the underlying assumptions often remain obscure. Indeed, they are often not understood by insiders. As Chris Argyris and Donald Schon point out, what people say to explain their cultural behaviour and what really drives this behaviour are other widely different, The search for meaning can therefore be a long and painstaking process, involving long periods of observation and interviews in order to build possible theories, D. While there are some cultures which have remained isolated for long periods of time, many others have built up commercial links with other groups. Eventually, this may lead to adopting elements of the other group's rituals and behaviour which then become integrated into those of the original group. Some cultures have clashed with less powerful neighbours only to find that over time their culture became heavily influenced by these subordinates, like the Romans by the Greeks. In this way, the original meaning of an aspeet of cultural behaviour may be lost in history and may originally have been part of a belief system very different from that which prevails in the culture today. This dynamism is, perhaps, the major reason why researching the meaning behind cultural behaviour is far from easy. Moon.vni - Hoc dé khang dinh minh r Hotline: 0432 99 98 98Khoa IELTS2—READING SKILLS — GV: HéngHanh Facebook: HongHanhIELTSMoon.vn SSS SSS SS SS SSS Match each paragraph A - D with a heading from i— vi Paragraph headings i. Various interpretations of culture based on meaning The problem of explaining what culture means A definition of culture based on shared behaviour - Defining a culture is not only a matter of observation, v. The main reason for difficulty in investigating culture vi. The discrepancy between personal explanations and the real reasons for cultural behavior Paragraph A ..... Paragraph B Paragraph C «2.0... Paragraph D .... Matching Headings Skill © understanding the aim of each section in the passage © identifying the difference between a main idea and supporting ideas © understanding aims of paragraphs and sections © understanding general content of paragraphs and sections Procedure: read the headings before reading the passage identify how many headings and paragraphs there are identify key words (esp. general nouns) in each heading analyse each heading carefully locate those keywords in the passage do the matching KKK KKK Useful phrases: © Do not put the reading passage away © Read in depth: collocations, ideas, structures... © Use them in your own writing / speaking Giao vién Hong Hanh Ngudn Mioon.vn Moon.vni - Hoc dé khang dinh minh 3 Hotline: 0432 99 98 98