International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology

in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019 ISSN: 2455-6491

“THE EFFECT OF INSERTION OF DIFFERENT TWISTED TAPE ON HEAT TRANSFER
PERFORMANCE IN DOUBLE PIPE U-BEND HEAT EXCHANGER - A REVIEW”
1
ADITYA MAWALE
ME Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. R. Pote (Patil) College of Engineering & Management, Amravati,
India
amawale7@gmail.com
2
PROF. P. B. INGLE
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. R. Pote (Patil) College of Engineering & Management,
Amravati, India
prakashpp.2012@rediffmail.com

ABSTARCT: Heat Transfer is unavoidable process that nature has gifted to Human kind. In engineering applications wherever
energy conversion is involved, Heat transfer finds a great importance. Heat Transfer Enhancement or Intensification aims at
increasing the rate at which Heat transfers from one body to another or from one medium to another. The various types of heat
exchangers used in various industries, the shell and tube heat exchanger is probably the most versatile and widely used in most
industrial sectors. Generating a swirl flow in the flow field is widely employed passive heat transfer augmentation or intensification
technique. In present work, twisted tapes are inserted into the inner pipe side of U-bend Double Pipe Heat Exchanger for creating a
twisted flow and thus Enhancing the Heat Transfer. The Plain Twisted tape with y = 6.25 and perforated Twisted tapes of different
twist ratios (y = 5.0 and y = 6.25) are employed to enhance the Heat Transfer. Hot and cold Water counter flow with forced
convection is considered for experimental study. For different twist ratios, mass flow rate of hot fluid in inner pipe side is varied, by
maintaining the constant mass flow rate of cold water i.e. 8 LPM in the outer side.

Keywords: Heat Transfer, U-bend Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, active techniques, passive techniques

1. INTRODUCTION

Heat Exchanger is a device in which the exchange of energy
takes place between two fluids at different temperature. A heat
exchanger utilizes the fact that, where ever there is a
temperature difference, flow of energy occurs. So, That Heat
will Flow from higher Temperature heat reservoir to the
Lower Temperature heat Reservoir. The flowing fluids
provide the necessary temperature difference and thus force
the energy to flow between them. The energy flowing in a heat
exchanger may be either sensible energy or latent heat of
flowing fluids. The fluid which gives its energy is known as
hot fluid. The fluid which receives energy is known as cold
fluid. It is but obvious that, Temperature of hot fluid will
decrease while the temperature of cold fluid will increase in
heat exchanger. The purpose of heat exchanger is either to
heat or cool the desired fluid.
techniques have been developed. Twisted-tape is one of the
most important members of enhancement techniques, which
employed extensively in heat exchangers.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Amol P. Yadav et. al. [1] focuses on the various methods or
geometries used to produce turbulent geometries and its effect
on the heat transfer. The turbulent generators with different
geometrical configurations have been used as one of the
passive heat transfer enhancement techniques and are the most
widely used in tubes in several heat transfer applications.
Insertion of such geometries may lead to increase the friction
factor and pressure drop which directly enhances the heat
transfer characteristics.

In a special case, when one of fluid undergoes change in its
phase, its temperature remains unchanged. These types of heat
exchanger are known as condensers or evaporators. Heat
exchangers with the convective heat transfer of fluid inside the
tubes are frequently used in many engineering application.
The techniques of heat transfer enhancement to accommodate
high heat flux i.e., to reduce size and cost of heat exchangers
have received serious attention passed years. Enhancement of
heat transfer Rate in all types of thermo technical apparatus is
of great significance for industry. Beside the savings of
primary energy, it also leads to a reduction in size and weight.
Up to the present, several heat transfer enhancement
L. Sandeep Raj et. al. [2] present work, twisted tapes are
inserted into the inner pipe side of Counter flow U-bend
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger for creating a swirl flow and thus
Enhancing the Heat Transfer. Twisted tapes of different twist
ratios (H/D) 5,10,15,20 and strip insert (i.e without any twist)
are employed to enhance the Heat Transfer. Turbulent swirl
flow with forced convection is considered for experimental
study. For different twist ratios, mass flow rate of cold fluid in
inner pipe side is varied, by maintaining the constant mass
flow rate in the annulus side. Experimental data is validated
using available correlations. The results show that, for mass
flow rate of 8 LPM the enhancement in Heat Transfer is

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International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology
in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019
55.69% compared with that of plain tube and corresponding
Pressure Drop is only 20%.
Anil Singh Yadav [3] Influences of the half length twisted
tape insertion on heat transfer and pressure drop
characteristics in a U-bend double pipe heat exchanger have
been studied experimentally. In the experiments, the swirling
flow was introduced by using half-length twisted tape placed
inside the inner test tube of the heat exchanger. The results
obtained from the heat exchangers with twisted tape insert are
compared with those without twisted tape i.e. Plain heat
exchanger. The experimental results revealed that the increase
in heat transfer rate of the twisted-tape inserts is found to be
strongly influenced by tape-induced swirl or vortex motion.
The heat transfer coefficient is found to increase by 40% with
half-length twisted tape inserts when compared with plain heat
exchanger. It was found that on the basis of equal mass flow
rate, the heat transfer performance of half-length twisted tape
is better than plain heat exchanger, and on the
basis of unit pressure drop the heat transfer performance of
smooth tube is better than half-length twisted tape. It is also
observed that the thermal performance of Plain heat exchanger
is better than half length twisted tape by 1.3-1.5 times.
M. J. Patel et. al. [4] Enhancing heat transfer surface are used
in many engineering applications such as heat exchanger, air
conditioning, chemical reactor and refrigeration systems,
hence many techniques have been investigated on
enhancement of heat transfer rate and decrease the size and
cost of the involving equipment especially in heat exchangers.
One of the most important techniques used are passive heat
transfer technique. These techniques when adopted in Heat
exchanger proved that the overall thermal performance was
improved significantly. This experimental works can be taken
by researchers on Augmentation Technique such as Twisted
Tape. So, Researchers tried to increase the effective surface
area Contact with fluid to increases the heat transfer rate in the
heat exchanger. We tried to enhance the Heat transfer rate
with the help of Twisted Tape insert with Wiry Metallic
Sponge and find out the effect of Metallic Wiry Sponge on
Flow of Fluid.
Dr. Mohammed Najm Abdullah [5] aim of study is to
investigate the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics
in an Eccentric Converging-Diverging Tube (ECDT) with
twisted tape inserts. Experiments were conducted with tape
inserts of three different twist ratios. Cold and hot water are
used as working fluids in shell and tube sides, respectively.
The effect of the twist ratio and other parameters on heat
transfer characteristics and pressure drop are considered. The
experimental data for the plain tube and (ECDT) without
inserts are compared with (ECDT) with twist tape insert. The
results show that the twist tape insert has significant effect on
the enhancement of heat transfer. The Nusselt numbers for the
(ECDT) are found to be 15% to 45% higher than of the plain
tube while for the (ECDT) combined with twisted tape insert
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ISSN: 2455-6491
is found 52% to 280% higher and pressure drop is found 6.8
times the plain tube. Moreover, (ECDT) combined with a
twisted tape insert gives higher heat transfer rate and pressure
drop than the (ECDT) alone around 23% to 35% and 98% to
125%, respectively.
Bodius Salam et. al. [6] experimental investigation was carried
for measuring tube-side heat transfer coefficient, friction
factor, heat transfer enhancement efficiency of water for
turbulent flow in a circular tube fitted with rectangular-cut
twisted tape insert. A copper tube of 26.6 mm internal
diameter and 30 mm outer diameter and 900 mm test length
was used. A stainless steel rectangular-cut twisted tape insert
of 5.25 twist ratio was inserted into the smooth tube. The
rectangular cut had 8 mm depth and 14 mm width. A uniform
heat flux condition was created by wrapping nichrome wire
around the test section and fiber glass over the wire. Outer
surface temperatures of the tube were measured at 5 different
points of the test section by T-type thermocouples. Two
thermometers were used for measuring the bulk temperatures.
At the outlet section the thermometer was placed in a mixing
box. The Reynolds numbers were varied in the range 10000-
19000 with heat flux variation 14 to 22 kW/m2 for smooth
tube, and 23 to 40 kW/m2 for tube with insert. Nusselt
numbers obtained from smooth tube were compared with
Gnielinski [1] correlation and errors were found to be in the
range of -6% to -25% with r.m.s. value of 20%. At comparable
Reynolds number, Nusselt numbers in tube with rectangular-
cut twisted tape insert were enhanced by 2.3 to 2.9 times at the
cost of increase of friction factors by 1.4 to 1.8 times
compared to that of smooth tube. Heat transfer enhancement
efficiencies were found to be in the range of 1.9 to 2.3 and
increased with the increase of Reynolds number.
3. HEAT TRANSFER AUGMENTATION
TECHNIQUES
Heat transfer augmentation techniques are divided into three
types as
A. Passive Techniques:
B. Active Techniques:
C. Compound Techniques:
In Passive techniques, there is not required any external power
but active techniques require external power.
1) Passive Techniques: These generally use surface or
geometric modifications to the flow channel by introducing
inserts or additional devices. Any direct input not required in
passive techniques of external power. Heat transfer
augmentation is achieved by following passive techniques:
(a) Treated Surfaces: this technique includes application of
coating. This technique is used in condensing and boiling
operation (b) Extended Surfaces: Extended surfaces are
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International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology
in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019 ISSN: 2455-6491
generally in the form of fins and nowadays fins are using in Heat transfer from hot water in the test section (Qh)
heat exchangers for heat transfer enhancement.
Qh = mh Cpn (Th1 – Th2)
(c) Displaced Enhancement Devices: Displaced enhancement
devices are those inserts, which primarily used in confined Heat transfer from Cold water in the test section (Qc)
forced convection. To increase energy transport at the heated
surface by displacing the fluid from the surface of the duct Qc = mc Cpc (Tc1 – Tc2)
with bulk fluid from the core flow, the various inserts are
Percentage of heat loss (ε)
inserted into the flow channel

(d) Swirl Flow Devices: Swirl flow devices are used to ε= × 100
generate rotating flow. Some of the different types are Inlet
Vortex Generators, Twisted Tape Inserts. They can be used for Average heat transfer rate
single phase flow and two-phase flows.
Qavg =
(e) Coiled Tubes: Coiled tubes leads to more compact heat
exchangers. Coiled tube generates secondary flows or vortices Logarithmic mean temperature difference (∆ T1m)
due to its curvature of coils. It promotes higher single phase
( " ) ( # " )
heat transfer coefficients as well as improvement in most ∆ T1m = & " # & )
regimes of boiling. $% ( )
& # & "

2) Active Techniques: Active techniques require external Overall heat transfer coefficient (υ)
power to improve heat transfer rate. Design and use of these
techniques are more complex and it has very limited '()*
'()* =
applications. Heat Transfer Enhancement by this technique +, × ∇ .
can be achieved by Mechanical Aids, Injection, Surface
Vibration and Electrostatic Fields. Annulus side Reynolds numbers (Rea)

1( × %
3) Compound Techniques: Compound techniques are those /0( =
techniques which involves simultaneous combination of above 23
mentioned two or more techniques with purpose of improving
thermo hydraulic performance of a heat exchanger. Annulus side Nusselt numbers (Rua)

Nua = 0.023 /0( 0.8 453.7

4. DATA REDUCTION PROCEDURE
Annulus side heat transfer coefficient (ha)
Bulk mean hot water temperature
ℎ1 + ℎ2 ℎ( × 0.185
= 89( =
2 0.6221
Cold water properties Inner Tube heat transfer coefficient (hi)

Tmc = = +
= > (

Velocity of hot water (u1) at inlet

Inner tube Side Nusselt Number (Nu1)
A= 4 × ℎ. .
89. =
?
u1 =
ρ
Inlet Reynolds Number (Rei)
Velocity of cold water ( ua ) at the annalus LPM
1 × .
/0. =
Mc = ρ A ua @

Aa = 4 ( − ) Pressure drop (∆ p)

∆ p = ρgh

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International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology
in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019 ISSN: 2455-6491
Friction factor calculation (f) Experimentation procedure
∆ B
f= First phase of experimentation is carried out when no twisted
(C
D> ) ×( E.9 / ) tapes are present inside the circular tube. To start with, the
electric heater is switched on, and desired temperature is
Theoretical heat transfer characteristics calculation maintained by controlling the heater using a dimmer stat. Set
an input (say 223 Volt, 0.699 Amp) to the electric heater with
1. Mean water Velocity (Vm) the help of dimmer stat and wait for the temperatures of test
2 = G +
section becomes steady. The hot water pump is switched on,
H the hot water flow rate to the test section is adjusted using by-
pass valve and hot water flows to the inner tube of test section
2. Theoretical Reynolds number (Re)th through a Rota-meter. The cold water is pumped from a cold
water tank and allowed to pass through an annulus in counter
(I × . × 1 )
/0 = flow direction to hot water and excess cold water returns to the
J tank through bypass valve.
The steady state is obtained within one hour for the
3. Prandtl Number (Pr) first run and 25min for the subsequent runs. The inlet
temperatures at the hot water and cold water sides are kept
K J × LB M constant. The cold water at room temperature constantly flows
45 =
N at 8 LPM whereas the flow rate of hot water is adjusted from
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 LPM respectively. The inlet and outlet
4. Friction Factor (f)th temperatures of hot and cold water are recorded only after
temperature attains a steady state. During pressure drop
From Petukhov, 1970
measurement, air bubbles are removed from the manometer so
O = (0.79 × RS /T − 1.64)-2 that the liquid levels in both the limbs are equal when the flow
is stopped. Mercury is used as the mano-metric fluids. The
5. Nusselt Number (Nu)th pressure drop measurements are also taken after attaining the
steady state by varying the hot water flow rates. After
From Gnielinstki, 1976 achieving steady state in smooth tube the same experimental
procedure is repeated for different inserts which are as
89 = follows:
H O ⁄X In second phase, half-length plain twisted tape of
U W × ( /T − 1000) × 45 / 1 + 12.7( 8) (45 − 1) .
V twist ratio (y=6.25) is inserting in tube and this test sectioned
is compared with smooth tube.
6. Theoretical heat transfer Coefficient (h)th In third phase, half-length perforated twisted tape of twist
ratio (y=6.25) is inserting in tube and this test sectioned is
(89 )Zℎ = ℎ[ × .
? compared with smooth tube. In fourth phase, half-length
perforated twisted tape of twist ratio (y=5) is inserting in tube
5. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP and this test sectioned is compared with smooth tube.

6. CONCLUSION
In this study carried out in the circular tube to study the effect
of Smooth tube (without any insert), plain twisted tape (y
=6.25), perforated twisted tape with ratio (y = 6.25) and
perforated twisted tape with ratio (y = 5.0) inserts on heat
transfer enhancement, Nusselt number, friction factor. Hence
this study helps to design new concept to produce turbulent
flow with minimum range of Reynolds number to improve the
heat transfer.

7. REFERENCES

[1] Amol P. Yadav1, Pranit M. Patil2, Dr. P. A. Patil3, "The

Effect of insertion of different geometries on heat transfer
performance in circular pipe- A review", International OPEN
Figure 1: Photographic view of the Experimental Setup

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International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology
in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019 ISSN: 2455-6491
ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Inserts", International Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Vol. 4, Iss.11, Nov. 2014. (SSRG-IJME) – volume 2 Issue 5–May 2015.

[2] L. Sandeep Raj1, K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy2, A. Aruna
Kumari2, "Heat Transfer Intensification in U-bend Double
Pipe Heat Exchanger using Twisted Tape Inserts",
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
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[12] Muhammad Khairi Roslim, Suhaimi Hassan and Aklilu
Tesfa michael, "Experimental Investigation On Heat Transfer
Enhancement By Using Porous Twisted Plate As An Insert In
A Fitted Tube", ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
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[3] Anil Singh Yadav, "Effect of Half Length Twisted-Tape

Turbulators on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop
Characteristics inside a Double Pipe U-Bend Heat
Exchanger", Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering, Volume 3, Number 1, March. 2009.

[4] M.J.Patel1, K.S.Parmar2, Umang R. Soni3, "Enhance the

Performance of Heat Exchanger with Twisted Tape Insert: A
Review", International Journal on Recent and Innovation
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[5] Dr. Mohammed Najm Abdullah, "Heat Transfer and

Pressure Drop in Turbulent Flow through an Eccentric
Converging-Diverging Tube with Twisted Tape Inserts",
Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 16, No.2, June
2012.

[6] Bodius Salam, Sumana Biswas, Shuvra Saha, Muhammad

Mostafa K Bhuiya, "Heat transfer enhancement in a tube using
rectangular-cut twisted tape insert", 5th BSME International
Conference on Thermal Engineering, Procedia Engineering 56
( 2013 ) 96 – 103.

[7] Najim Abid Jassim1, Kamel Abdul Hussin2, Noor Yahya

Abdul Abbass, "Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer
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Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2017; 2(2): 7-12.

[8] Dr. A.G. Matani1, Md.Rafik S. Choudhari, "Analysis of

Heat Transfer Augmentation in Tube Using Triangular Wavy
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[9] Dr. Avinash M. Patil1, A. R. Patil2, P. M. Wadekar,

"Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in
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[11] Pratik P. Ganorkar, R.M. Warkhedkar, "Heat Transfer

Enhancement in a Tube using Elliptical-Cut Twisted Tape

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