Populations and Samples

The study of statistics revolves around the study of data sets. This lesson describes two important
types of data sets -populations and samples. Along the way, we'll introduce simple random
sampling, the main method used in this tutorial to select samples.

Population vs Sample

The main difference between a population and sample has to do with how observations are assigned
to the data set.

 A population includes all of the elements from a set of data.

 A sample consists one or more observations drawn from the population.

Depending on the sampling method, a sample can have fewer observations than the population, the
same number of observations, or more observations. More than one sample can be derived from the
same population.

Other differences have to do with nomenclature, notation, and computations. For example,

 A measurable characteristic of a population, such as a mean or standard deviation, is called

a parameter; but a measurable characteristic of a sample is called a statistic.
 We will see in future lessons that the mean of a population is denoted by the symbol μ; but the
mean of a sample is denoted by the symbol x.
 We will also learn in future lessons that the formula for the standard deviation of a population is
different from the formula for the standard deviation of a sample.

S.No Student's Name Topics of Assignment Last Date for Submission of Assignment Date of
Presentation

1 TEHREEM AWAN Definition of Statistics, Population and Sample 15-Apr-19

4/9/2019

2 AAMIR MUHAMMAD Descriptive and inferential Statistics with examples 15-Apr-19

4/10/2019

3 AAQIB Observations, Data, its types with examples 15-Apr-19 4/16/2019

4 ABDUL LATIF Discrete and continuous variables with examples 15-Apr-19

4/17/2019
5 FAZAL AMIN Errors of measurement, Significant digits, Rounding of a Number, Collection of
primary and secondary data, Sources, Editing of Data. 15-Apr-19 4/23/2019

6 MUHAMMAD ALEEM Introduction, basic principles of classification and Tabulation 15-Apr-

19 4/24/2019

7 MUHAMMAD ASIM Constructing of a frequency distribution, Relative and Cumulative

frequency distribution, 15-Apr-19 4/30/2019

8 NASIR KHAN Diagrams, Graphs and their Construction 15-Apr-19 5/1/2019

9 SHAFI ULLAH Bar charts, Pie chart, Histogram, Frequency polygon and Frequency curve, Types
of frequency curves 15-Apr-19 6/18/2019

10 MUHAMMAD ADIL Cumulative Frequency Polygon or Ogive, Histogram, Ogive for Discrete
Variable. 15-Apr-19 6/19/2019

11 SONIA KHAN Descriptive and inferential Statistics with examples 15-Apr-19

6/25/2019

12 SIKANDAR HAYAT AFRIDI Observations, Data, its types with examples 15-Apr-19
6/26/2019

13 SAMONE NAYYER Discrete and continuous variables with examples 15-Apr-19

7/2/2019

14 BILAL AZIZ Errors of measurement, Significant digits, Rounding of a Number, Collection of

primary and secondary data, Sources, Editing of Data. 15-Apr-19 7/3/2019

15 Savira Jalal Introduction, basic principles of classification and Tabulation 15-Apr-19

4/9/2019

16 Kamranullah Khan Constructing of a frequency distribution, Relative and Cumulative

frequency distribution, 15-Apr-19 4/10/2019