Review Questions:

1) What is difference between rectification and filtration?

A rectifier is a circuit that is used for converting AC supply into unidirectional DC supply. This
process of converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) is also called as rectification.
The devices which converts the pulsating DC in to pure DC is called filter. As the name specifies it filters
the oscillations in the signal and provides a pure DC at the output.
2) What is efficiency of rectifier?
Rectifier efficiency is defined as the ratio of DC power to the applied input AC power.
Rectifier efficiency, η = DC output power/AC input power.
3) What is transformation utilization factor?
Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF) is defined as the ratio of DC power output of a rectifier
to the effective Transformer VA rating used in the same rectifier. Effective VA Rating of transformer is the
average of primary and secondary VA rating of transformer.
The formula for TUF can be written as below.
TUF= DC Power output/Effective VA rating of Transformer.
4) What is Ripple factor?
Ripple Factor is the ratio of rms value of ac component present in the rectified output to the
average of rectified output. It is a dimensionless quantity and denoted by γ. Its value is always less
than unity.
The formula for Ripple Factor can be written as below.
Ripple Factor, γ=RMS value of AC component present in rectifier output/Average value of rectifier output.
5) What is Form factor?
The form factor of an alternating current waveform (signal) is the ratio of the RMS (root mean
square) value to the average value (mathematical mean of absolute values of all points on the waveform).
Form Factor =Ir.m.s/Iav.
6) What is Harmonic factor?
Harmonic factor is that the ratio of power of the harmonic components to the power of the
fundamental frequency.
Harmonic Factor = Power of the Harmonic component/Power of the fundamental Frequency.
7) How can we reduce the ripple content in waveform?
An electronic filter with high impedance at the ripple frequency may be used to reduce
ripple voltage and increase or decrease DC output; such a filter is often called a smoothing filter. The initial
step in AC to DC conversion is to send the AC current through a rectifier.
8) What is power factor of half wave rectifier?
There are two factors of power factor:
The first is the displacement factor which is the measure of how much the load current leads
or lags the supply voltage. This is the one most electrical practitioners are familiar with and (somewhat
incorrectly) refer to as the “power factor”.
The second is the distortion factor. This is a measure of the total harmonic distortion in the load
current, and is a number between 0 and 1, with 1 representing no distortion.