Diketahui: E = 30 × 106 psi x =1

v = 0,25 y =2

t = 1 in. z =3

Jawab:

a)

𝑥𝑥 = 0, 𝑦𝑥 = (−1), 𝑥𝑦 = 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 0, 𝑥𝑧 = 0, 𝑦𝑧 = 1

1 1
𝐴= 𝑏ℎ = × 2 × 2 = 2 𝑖𝑛.2
2 2
𝛽𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 = 0 − 1 = (−1) 𝛾𝑥 = 𝑥𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦 = 0 − 2 = (−2)

𝛽𝑦 = 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦𝑥 = 1 − (−1) = 2 𝛾𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑧 = 0 − 0 = 0

𝛽𝑧 = 𝑦𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = (−1) − 0 = (−1) 𝛾𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 2 − 0 = 2

𝛽 0 𝛽𝑦 0 𝛽𝑧 0 (−1) 0 2 0 (−1) 0
1 𝑥 1
[𝐵] = [0 𝛾𝑥 0 𝛾𝑦 0 𝛾𝑧 ] = [ 0 (−2) 0 0 0 2 ]
2𝐴 4
𝛾𝑥 𝛽𝑥 𝛾𝑦 𝛽𝑦 𝛾𝑧 𝛽𝑧 (−2) (−1) 0 2 2 (−1)

1 𝑣 0
𝐸
[𝐷] = [𝑣 1 0 ] → saat tekanan
(1−𝑣 2 ) 1−𝑣
0 0 2
 (−1) 0 (−2)
0 (−2) (−1)
30 × 106 1 0,25 0
2 0 0
Maka, [𝐵]𝑇 [𝐷] = [0,25 1 0 ]
4(0,9375) 0 0 2
0 0 0,375
(−1) 0 2
[ 0 2 (−1)]

(−1) (−0,25) (−0,75)

(−0,5) (−2) (−0,375)
30 × 106 2 0,5 0
=
4(0,9375) 0 0 0,75
(−1) (−0,25) 0,75
[ 0,5 2 (−0,375)]

[𝑘] = 𝑡 𝐴 [𝐵]𝑇 [𝐷][𝐵]

(−1) (−0,25) (−0,75)

(−0,5) (−2) (−0,375)
(−1) 0 2 0 (−1) 0
30 × 106 2 0,5 0 1
[𝑘] = 1 × 2 × × [ 0 (−2) 0 0 0 2 ]
4(0,9375) 0 0 0,75 4
(−2) (−1) 0 2 2 (−1)
(−1) (−0,25) 0,75
[ 0,5 2 (−0,375)]

𝑥=1 𝑦=2 𝑧=3

2,5 1,25 (−2) (−1,5) (−0,5) 0,25

1,25 4,375 (−1) (−0,75) (−0,25) (−3,625)
(−2) (−1) 4 0 (−2) 1
[𝑘] = 4 × 106
(−1.5) (−0,75) 0 1,5 1,5 (−0,75)
(−0,5) (−0,25) 2 1,5 2,5 (−1,25)
[ 0,25 (−3,625) 1 (−0,75) (−1,25) 4,375 ]

b)

𝑥𝑥 = 1,2, 𝑦𝑥 = 0, 𝑥𝑦 = 2,4, 𝑦𝑦 = 0, 𝑥𝑧 = 1,2, 𝑦𝑧 = 1

 1 1
𝐴= 𝑏ℎ = × 1,2 × 1 = 0,6 𝑖𝑛.2
2 2
𝛽𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 = 0 − 1 = (−1) 𝛾𝑥 = 𝑥𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦 = 1,2 − 2,4 = (−1,2)

𝛽𝑦 = 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦𝑥 = 1 − 0 = 1 𝛾𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑧 = 1,2 − 1,2 = 0

𝛽𝑧 = 𝑦𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 1,2 − 2,4 = (−1,2) 𝛾𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 2,4 − 1,2 = 1,2

(−1) 0 (−1,2)
0 (−1,2) (−1)
30 × 106 1 0,25 0
1 0 0
Maka, [𝐵]𝑇 [𝐷] = [0,25 1 0 ]
1,2(0,9375) 0 0 1
0 0 0,375
0 0 1,2
[ 0 1,2 0 ]
(−1) (−0,25) (−0,45)
(−0,3) (−1,2) (−0,375)
25 × 106 1 0,25 0
=
0,9375 0 0 0,375
0 0 0,45
[ 0,3 1,2 0 ]

[𝑘] = 𝑡 𝐴 [𝐵]𝑇 [𝐷][𝐵]

(−1) (−0,25) (−0,45)

(−0,3) (−1,2) (−0,375) (−1) 0 1 0 0 0
25 × 106 1 0,25 0 1
[𝑘] = 1 × 6 × × [ 0 (−1,2) 0 0 0 1,2]
0,9375 0 0 0,375 1,2
(−1,2) (−1) 0 1 1,2 0
0 0 0,45
[ 0,3 1,2 0 ]

𝑥=1 𝑦=2 𝑧=3

1,54 0,75 (−1) (−0,45) (−0,54) 0,3

0,75 1,815 (−0,3) (−0,375) (−0,45) 1,44
25 × 106 (−1) (−0,3) 1 0 0 0,3
[𝑘] =
1,875 (−0.45) (−0,375) 0 0,375 0,45 0
(−0,54) (−0,45) 0 0,45 0,54 0
[ (−0,3) (−1,44) 0,3 0 0 1,44]

c) Definisi koordinat segitiga

0 2
𝑥 = ( ) → 𝑥𝑎 = 0, 𝑥𝑏 = 0 𝑦 = ( ) → 𝑦𝑎 = 2, 𝑦𝑏 = 0
0 0
0
𝑧 = ( ) → 𝑧𝑎 = 0, 𝑧𝑏 = 1
1
 1 1 1
𝐴= 𝑏ℎ = × (𝑦𝑎 − 𝑥𝑎 ) × (𝑧𝑏 − 𝑥𝑏 ) = × (2 − 0) × (1 − 0) = 1 𝑖𝑛.2
2 2 2

Pengembangan Matriks Kekakuan:

𝛽𝑥 = 𝑦𝑏 − 𝑧𝑏 = 0 − 1 = (−1) 𝛾𝑥 = 𝑧𝑎 − 𝑦𝑎 = 0 − 2 = (−2)

𝛽𝑦 = 𝑧𝑏 − 𝑥𝑏 = 1 − 0 = 1 𝛾𝑦 = 𝑥𝑎 − 𝑧𝑎 = 0 − 0 = 0

𝛽𝑧 = 𝑥𝑏 − 𝑦𝑏 = 0 − 0 = 0 𝛾𝑧 = 𝑦𝑎 − 𝑥𝑎 = 2 − 0 = 2

𝛽𝑥 0
1
[𝐵𝑥 ] = ( 0 𝛾𝑥 )
2𝐴
𝛾𝑥 𝛽𝑥

𝛽𝑦 0
1
[𝐵𝑦 ] = (0 𝛾𝑦 )
2𝐴
𝛾𝑦 𝛽𝑦

1 𝛽𝑧 0
[𝐵𝑧 ] = (0 𝛾𝑧 )
2𝐴 𝛾
𝑧 𝛽𝑧

Matriks Gradien

[𝐵] = augment (𝐵𝑥 , 𝐵𝑦 , 𝐵𝑧 )

(−0,5) 0 0,5 0 0 0
[𝐵] = [ 0 (−1) 0 0 0 1]
(−1) (−0,5) 0 0,5 1 0

1 𝑣 0
𝐸 𝑣 1 0
[𝐷] = [ 1 − 𝑣]
1 − 𝑣2
0 0
2

3,2 × 107 8 × 106 0

[𝐷] = [ 8 × 106 3,2 × 107 0 ]
7
0 0 1,2 × 10

[𝑘] = 𝑡 𝐴 [𝐵]𝑇 [𝐷][𝐵]

2 × 107 1 × 107 (−8 × 106 ) (−6 × 106 ) (−1,2 × 107 ) (−4 × 106 )
1 × 107 3,5 × 107 (−4 × 106 ) (−3 × 106 ) (−6 × 106 ) (−3,2 × 107 )
(−8 × 106 ) (−4 × 106 ) 8 × 106 0 0 4 × 106
[𝑘] =
(−6 × 106 ) (−3 × 106 ) 0 3 × 106 6 × 106 0
(−1,2 × 107 ) (−6 × 106 ) 0 6 × 106 1,2 × 107
0
[ (−4 × 106 ) (−3,2 × 107 ) 4 × 106 0 0 3,2 × 107 ]