20.58: a) For constant-volume processes for an ideal gas, the result of Example 20.

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may be used; the entropy changes are nCV ln(Tc Tb ) and nCV ln(Ta Td ). b) The
total entropy change for one cycle is the sum of the entropy changes found in part (a); the
other processes in the cycle are adiabatic, with Q = 0 and S  0. The total is then
T T TT 
S  nCV ln c  nCV ln a  nCV ln  c a .
Tb Td  TaTd 
γ 1 γ 1
From the derivation of Eq. (20.6), Tb  r Ta and Tc  r Td , and so the argument of
the logarithm in the expression for the net entropy change is 1 identically, and the net
entropy change is zero. c) The system is not isolated, and a zero change of entropy for an
irreversible system is certainly possible.