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Can Blood Type Change
Can Blood Type Change
Gene-cs:
Can
blood
type
change?
Stefanus
Gunawan
RD
Kandou
General
Hospital
Faculty
of
Medicine
Sam
Ratulangi
University
1
Can
a
blood
group
change
Can
a
child
have
a
different
within
a
life4me
of
a
person?
blood
type
than
both
parents?
2
CAN
A
BLOOD
GROUP
CHANGE
WITHIN
A
LIFETIME
OF
A
PERSON?
3
• RBC
an-gens
are
inherited
traits
à
their
expression
is
constant
throughout
the
life
of
an
individual
• RBC
an-gen
change
occasionally
described
in
associa-on
with
malignancies
or
bone
marrow
transplant
4
Inac-va-on
of
A/B
transferases
Loss
or
weakening
of
ABO
an-gens
Inac-va-on
of
H
transferase
Bianco
T,
et
al.
Blood
2001;97:3633-‐9.
Rakul
K,
et
al.
Proc
(Bayl
Univ
Med
Cent).2017;30:74–75.
5
CAN
A
CHILD
HAVE
A
DIFFERENT
BLOOD
TYPE
THAN
BOTH
PARENTS?
6
Classic
blood
type
chart
7
Case
• Mother:
O
• Father:
O
• Newborn:
A
• What
happened?
• How
to
explain?
8
Ways
to
Break
the
Blood
Type
Rules
• Tes$ng
error?
9
Linkage
&
Recombina-on
The
difference
between
A
and
O
is
a
single
base
-‐-‐
the
O
type
is
missing
a
base.
The
difference
between
A
and
B
is
seven
bases.
10
11
Bombay
blood
group
12
13
Cis-‐AB
14
15
16
Quan-ta-ve
Differences
• A1,
A2,
A3,
Ax,
Am,
Ael
are
subtypes
of
A
with
progressively
decreasing
A-‐an-gen
sites
• A1,
the
commonest
A
subtype
has
800,000
an-genic
sites
per
RBC,
A2
has
250,000
sites,
Am
has
800
sites
• B1
is
the
most
common
type
of
B
an-gen
• Weaker
B
an-gens:
B3,
Bx,
Bel
• Individuals
with
a
weak
an-gen
type
can
produce
an-bodies
against
a
strong
subtype
of
the
same
an-gen
–
Pa-ents
with
A2
can
produce
an-body
against
A1
17
• The
"O"
parent
has
Ax
(Ao)
or
Am
à
make
very
liele
A
protein
• The
agglu-na-on
test
some-mes
misses
it
à
the
person
can
be
mistaken
for
an
O
18
Chimera
• Phenotypically
AB
but
are
gene-cally
either
A
or
B
• Some
of
the
blood
cells
have
different
DNA
as
compared
with
the
rest
of
the
cells
in
the
body
• Resulted
from
an
A
&
a
B
twin
sharing
blood
stem
cells
à
She
is
AB
but
gene-cally,
she
is
either
A
or
B
• "The
Vanishing
Twin
Phenomenon."
19
20
• A
chimera
who
received
a
bone
marrow
transplant
• The
person’s
own
DNA
type
A
blood
• The
bone
marrow
donor
type
B
blood
• This
person’s
blood
test
à
type
B
blood
• But
their
sperm
/
egg
cells
will
be
made
from
the
genes
for
type
A
blood
• They
pass
on
type
A
blood
to
their
children,
even
though
they
have
type
B
blood
21
Take
home
message
• Paternity
Fraud?
– Mismatch
blood
type
between
baby
and
parent
• Don’t
make
rumors
• Never
based
on
ABO
blood
type
• Consult
to
gene-cist
–
DNA
test
22
Further
reading
• Dean
L.
Blood
Group
and
Red
Cell
An-gen.
heps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
NBK2261/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK2261.pdf
• Stanford
at
the
Tech.
heps://gene-cs.thetech.org/
StanfordAtTheTech
23