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10Mat41-Engineering Mathematics-Iv
10Mat41-Engineering Mathematics-Iv
SYLLABUS
Sub Code: 10MAT41 IA Marks: 25
Hours/week: 4 Exam Hours: 03
Total Hours: 56 Exam Marks: 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
NUMERICAL METHODS
Numerical solutions of first order and first degree ordinary differential equations – Taylor’s series
method, Modified Euler’s method, Runge – Kutta method of fourth order, Milne’s and Adams-
Bashforth predictor and corrector methods (All formulae without
Proof). 6 Hours
UNIT 2:
COMPLEX VARIABLES
Function of a complex variable, Limit, Continuity Differentiability – Definitions. Analytic
functions, Cauchy – Riemann equations in cartesian and polar forms, Properties of analytic
functions. Conformal Transformation – Definition. Discussion of transformations: W = z2, W = ez,
W = z + (I/z), z ≠ 0 Bilinear transformations.
7 Hours
UNIT 3:
COMPLEX INTEGRATION
Complex line integrals, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula. Taylor’s and Laurent’s
series (Statements only) Singularities, Poles, Residues, Cauchy’s residue theorem (statement only).
6 Hours
UNIT 4:
SERIES SOLUTION OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND SPECIAL
FUNCTIONS
Series solution – Frobenius method, Series solution of Bessel’s D.E. leading to Bessel function of
fist kind. Equations reducible to Bessel’s D.E., Series solution of Legendre’s D.E. leading to
Legendre Polynomials. Rodirgue’s formula. 7 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
STATISTICAL METHODS
Curve fitting by the method of least squares: y = a + bx, y = a + bx + cx2, y = axb y = abx, y =
aebx, Correlation and Regression.
Probability: Addition rule, Conditional probability, Multiplication rule, Baye’s theorem. 6 Hours
UNIT 6:
Random Variables (Discrete and Continuous) p.d.f., c.d.f. Binomial, Poisson, Normal and
Exponential distributions. 7 Hours
UNIT 7:
Sampling, Sampling distribution, Standard error. Testing of hypothesis for means. Confidence
limits for means, Student’s t distribution, Chi-square distribution as a test of goodness of fit.
7 Hours
UNIT 8:
Concept of joint probability – Joint probability distribution, Discrete and Independent random
variables. Expectation, Covariance, Correlation coefficient.
Probability vectors, Stochastic matrices, Fixed points, Regular stochastic matrices. Markov chains,
Higher transition probabilities. Stationary distribution of regular Markov chains and absorbing
states. 6 Hours
Text Book:
Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr. B.S. Grewal (36th Edition – Khanna Publishers)
Unit – VIII: Text book: Probability by Seymour Lipschutz (Schaum’s series) Chapters 5 & 7
Reference Books:
1. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B.V. Ramana (Tata-Macgraw Hill).
2. Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics by Glyn James – Pearson Education.
Note:
1. One question is to be set from each unit.
2. To answer Five questions choosing atleast Two questions from each part.
LESSON PLAN
NUMERICAL METHODS
1) Using the Taylor’s series method,find the solution at the point 0.1 of the intial value problem
dy
= x − y 2 , y ( 0) = 1
dx
2) Using the Taylor’s series method, find the solution at the point x = 0.1 and x = 0.2 of the initial
dy
value problem = x 2 + y 2 , y ( 0) = 1 .
dx
3) Use modified Euler method to find y (1.2) and y (1.4) given that y1 = x2 + y,
y (1) = 2 taking h =0.2
4) Using modified Euler’s method obtain the solution of y ' = x(1 + y ) with y (1) = 1 at x = 1.1
with step length h = 0.2
5) Find y (0.2) and y (0.4) using R-K IV order method given y1 + 2xy2 = 0 Y (0) = 1
6)Using the fourth order Runge Kutta method, solve the problem
y = x + y , y (0) = 1 at x = 0.2 in steps of 0.1 .
' 2
COMPLEX ANALYSIS
1.Show that following functions f(z) are analytic and hence find their derivatives
i. ez ii. Cosz iii. Sin2z
2.Construct the analytic function f(z) = u + i v as a function z using the following data
i.u = ex( x cos y – y sin y ) ii) v = e –x ( x cos y + y sin y )
3.Show that the following functions are harmonic and find their harmonic conjugates. Also find the
corresponding analytic function
i) u= (x-1)3 – 3xy2 +3y2 ii) v = e-2y sin2x
4.Show that f(z) = x- iy / x2+ y2 is holomorphic except at the origin.
5.Show that f(z) = 2z +3z is not analytic.
6.Show that an analytic function with constant modulus is itself a constant.
7.Determine which of the following function is harmonic and hence find its harmonic
conjugate. Also determine the corresponding analytic function.
i)u= e2x(xcos2y –ysin2y )
8.Find the bilinear transformation which maps the points as below
1. z= 2,i,-2 to w= 1,I,-1.
2. z=1,i ,-1 to w=i,0,-1.
3.z=2,1,0 to w=1,0,i.
9. Show that there are two points which are left invariant by the general bilinear
transformation. What is the condition that
1. these two points coincide?
2. these are two finite fixed points
3. one finite and another infinite fixed point
4. only one infinite fixed point.
10. Prove that w=z/1-z maps the upper half of the z plane onto the upper half of the w-plane.
11. Show that the transformation w=z-i/1-iz maps the unit circle width center origin in the z-plane onto
the real axis in the w-plane.
12. Given w=z-i/iz-1 show that the unit circle with center origin in the w-plane is mapped on to the
imaginary axis in the z-plane.
13.Obtain the image of the region bounded by the lines x=1,x=2,y=1,y=2 under the transformation
w=ez & sketch the region.
14. If w=x+i( by/a), 0<a<b,prove that the inside of the circle x2 +y2=a2corresponds, to the inside of an
ellipse in the w-plane.
15. Given w=cosz show that the straight lines parallel to the co-ordinate axes in the z-plane maps on to
ellipse and hyperbola in the w-plane with the same foci.
∫ (z ) dz
2
0 along
i ) the line y =x\2
ii) the real axis to 2 and then to the point 2+ i
z =2 z−2 = 2
I) ii)
21.The necessary condition that a single valued function w= f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y) may be analytic at any
point z=x+iy is that, there exists four continuous first order partial derivatives
∂u ∂u ∂v ∂v
, , ,
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
∂u ∂v ∂v ∂u
= , =−
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
These are known as cauchysriemann equations. Prove the above equations in Cartesian form.
22. State and prove cauchy Reimann equation in the polar form.
23.State and prove the cauchy integral theorm.
24. If f(z) is analytic inside and on a siple closed curve C and if ‘a’ is a point within C then show that
n! f ( z)
f ( n ) ( a) = ∫
2πi c ( z − a) n +1
dz
.
25 If f(z) is analytic at all points inside the circle C:!z-a!=r then for all z inside C
( z − a) 2
f ( z ) = f (a ) + ( z − a ) f ' (a ) + f ' ' (a ) + .......
2!
26.State and prove Laurent’s. theorm.
27. Expand the following functions in a taylor’s series about the indicated point:
z −1
b)
( z + 4) 2
2
sin 6 z
b) ∫ dz , C : z = 4
C ( z − π / 2)
3
1. Obtain the solution of the Bessel’s differential equation x2y′′ +xy′ + (x2-n2)y =0
leading to Jn(x).
or.
Obtain the series solution to the Bessel’s differential equation leading to Jn(x).
4. Show that x-n Jn(x) is a solution of the differential equation xy′′ + (1+2n)y′ + xy = 0.
7. Show that
2
1.J 3 / 2 ( x ) sin x − J −3 / 2 ( x ) cos x = πx 3
2 3 − x2 3
2.J 5 / 2 ( x ) = [ sin x − cos x ]
πx x 2
x
8. Prove the following .
2
1.∫ J 3 ( x )dx = c − J 2 ( x ) − J1 ( x)
x
4 .For the data in the following table compute (a) standard deviation of x (b)standard deviation
of y (c) covariance of x and y, and (d)the coefficient of correlation between x and y.
5. The standard deviation of x and y are 2 and 3 respectively. If the coefficient of the
correlation between x and y is 0.4, find the standard deviation of x+y and x-y,
6. Find the coefficient of correlation and the regression lines for the following data
x : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
y : 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50
8. For the data given in the following table, compute (a) standard deviation of X,
(b) standard deviation of Y , (c) Co-variation of X and Y , and (d) the
coefficient of correlation between X and Y.
X 1 3 4 6 8 9 11 14
Y 1 2 4 4 5 7 8 9
10.Find the coefficient of correlation and regression lines for the following data.
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Y 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50
11. The following table indicates the test scores of ten sales person in an
intelligence test and their weekly sales (in hundred units)
Test scores 40 70 50 60 80 50 90 40 60 60
Sales 2.5 6.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 2.0 5.5 3.0 4.5 3.0
Find the regression line of the sales on test scores and estimate the most probable
weekly sale of the sales person whose test score is 85.
12. In a partially destroyed laboratory data, only the following regression equations were available:
7X-16Y+9=0,5Y-4X-3=0.Find the coefficient of correlation between X and Y.
15. Find 99% confidence limits for correlation coefficient which is computed to
be 0.60 from a sample of size 28.
16.A student’s study habits are as follows: If he studies one night he is 70% sure
not to study next night; on the other hand if he does not study one night, he is
60% sure not to study the next night as well. Supposing that he studies on
Monday night, find the probability that he does not study on Friday night. In
the long run, how often does he study.
18. A barber takes 25 minutes to complete one hair cut on the average. If the customers arrive at an
average interval of 40 minutes, how long on the average must a customer wait for service?
A company wants to employ an additional assistant. The arrival rate of jobs is found to be 3 per
hour and the present service rate is 4 jobs per hour and the cost of present service is Rs. 7.00 per
hour. Each delayed job incurs an opportunity cost of Rs. 10.00 per hour. Should the extra
assistant be employed?
19. A normal population has a mean 0.1 and a standard deviation 2.1. Find the probability
that the mean of a sample of 900 members will be negative.
20. Find the probability that in 120 tosses of a fair coin i ) between 40% and 60% will be
heads, ii) 5/8 or more will be heads.
21. It has been found that 2% of the items produced by a certain machine are defective.
What is the probability that in a sample of 400 items, i ) 3% or more, ii) 2% or less will be
defective?
22. A certain machine part manufactured by a company has a weight of 0.5 gm on the
average with a standard deviation of 0.02gm. What is the probability that the mean weight in
two lots, of 1000 such parts each, will differ by more than 0.02 gm.
23. An urn contains 60 red marbles and 40 white marbles. Two sets of 30 marbles each are
drawn with replacement from the urn and their colors are noted. What is the probability that the
two sets differ by 8 or more red marbles.
25. For the frequency distribution given below, find the unbiased and efficient estimate for the mean
and variance.
xi 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68
fi 2 0 15 29 25 12 10 4 3
26. Suppose that 10, 12, 15, 16, 19 is a sample taken from a normal population with variance
σ = 6.25, find the 95% of confidence interval for the mean µ.
2
27. If the measurement of a sample mean is recorded as 216.48 with a probable error of 0.272, find
the 95% confidence limits for the measurement.
29. In a sample of 200 items produced by a machine, 15 were found defective, while in a
sample of 100 items produced by another machine, 12 were found defective. Find 99% and
99.74% confidence limits for the difference in proportions of defective items produced by the
two machines.
30. In a hospital, 230 females and 270 males were born in a year. On the basis of this
information, can the hypothesis that sexes are born in equal proportions be rejected.
31. The mean life time of sample of 150 bulbs produced by a company is computed to be
1570 hours with a standard deviation of 120 hours. Test the hypothesis that the mean life time of
all bulbs produced by the company is 1590 hours at 0.01 and 0.05 levels of significance.
32. A sample of 100 electric bulbs produced by manufacturer A showed a mean life time of
1190 hours and a standard deviation of 90 hours. A sample of 75 bulbs produced by
manufacturer B showed a mean life time of 1230 hours with a standard deviation of 120 hours.
Is there a difference between the mean life time of the two brands at a significance level of 0.05.
33. The mean life time of electric bulbs manufactured by a company has in the past been
1120 hours with a standard deviation of 125 hours. A sample of 8 bulbs chosen from supply of
newly produced bulbs showed a mean life time of 1070 hours. Test the hypothesis that the mean
life time has not changed, using a level of significance of 0.01.
34. The following table gives the marks of 10 students in two tests
Test 1 67 24 57 55 63 54 56 68 33 43
Test 2 70 38 58 58 56 67 68 75 42 38
Can we conclude that there is a difference in the performance in the two tests at 0.5 level of
significance?
35. For the data given in the following table, compute (a) standard deviation of X,
(b) standard deviation of Y , (c) Co-variation of X and Y , and (d) the
coefficient of correlation between X and Y.
X 1 3 4 6 8 9 11 14
Y 1 2 4 4 5 7 8 9
36. Psychological tests of intelligence and computational ability were applied to ten children.
Following is the record showing intelligence ratio (I.R) and ability ratio (A.R) . Calculate the
coefficient of correlation
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Y 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50
38. The following table indicates the test scores of ten sales person in an
intelligence test and their weekly sales (in hundred units)
Test scores 40 70 50 60 80 50 90 40 60 60
Sales 2.5 6.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 2.0 5.5 3.0 4.5 3.0
39. Find the regression line of the sales on test scores and estimate the most probable
weekly sale of the sales person whose test score is 85.
40. In a partially destroyed laboratory data, only the following regression equations were available:
7X-16Y+9=0,5Y-4X-3=0.Find the coefficient of correlation between X and Y.
41. A correlation coefficient based on a sample of size 27 was computed to be 0.40. can we
conclude at a significance level of 0.01 that the corresponding population correlation coefficient
differs from 0?
42. A correlation coefficient based on a sample of space 35 was computed to be 0.50. Can we reject
the hypothesis that the population correlation coefficient is ρ=0.70 at 0.05 significance level?
i ) P(A) = 1 − P( A)
ii ) P(Φ) = 0
iii) P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
3.A box contains 75 good IC chips and 25 defective IC chips. If 12 IC chips are
selected at random, what is the probability at least one chip is defective.
4. A tea set has 4 sets of cups and saucers. Two of these sets are one color and the other
two sets are of different color. If the cups are placed at random on the saucers, what is
the probability that the no cup is on a saucer of the same color.
5. A class consists of 6 girls and 10 boys. If a committee of 3 is chosen at random from the
class, find the probability that
i ) 3- boys are selected
ii) exactly 2 boys are selected
iii) atleast one boy is selected
iv) exactly 2 girls are selected
IV SEMESTER 17 COURSE DIARY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MVJCE
6. A five digit number is formed by the digits 0,1,2,3,4 without repetition. Find the
probability that number formed is divisible by 4.
7. If A and B are independent events, prove that
P( A ∪ B) = 1 − P ( A ) P( B )
8. If A and B are events with P(A ∪ B) = 7/8, P(A ∩ B) = 1/4, P(A ∩ B) = 5/8,
Find P(A) and P(A ∩ B)
9. In a housing colony,70% of the houses are well planned and 60% of the houses
are well planned and well built. Find the probability that a house that is well
planned is also well built.
10. A bag contains 2 white marbles and 4 red marbles and another bag contains 2
red marbles and 4 white marbles. If a marble is selected at random from one of
the two bags, what is the probability that it is a white marble.
11. Two different digits are selected at random from the digits 1 to 9.
i ) If the sum is odd, what is the probability that 2 is one of the digit selected
ii) If 2 is one of the digit selected, what is probability that the sum is odd.
12. State and prove Bayes’ theorem.
13. A picnic is arranged to be held on a particular day. The weather forecast says
that there is 80% chance of rain on that day. If it rains the probability of good
picnic is 0.3 and f it does not the probability is 0.9. What is the probability of good
picnic.
14. The chances that doctor A will diagnose a disease X correctly is 60%. The
chances that a patient will die by his treatment after correct diagnose is 40%
and the chance of death by wrong diagnose is 70%. A patient of doctor A,
who had disease X died, what is the chance that his disease was diagnosed
correctly.
15. A binary communication channel carries data as one of two types of signals
denoted by 0 and 1. Due to noise, a transmitted 0 is received as 1with the
probability 0.06 and a transmitted 1 is received as 0 with probability 0.09. The
probability of transmitting 0 is 0.45. If a signal is sent find
i ) the probability that a 0 is received
ii) the probability that a 1 was transmitted, given that 1 was received.
16. A ball is drawn from an Urn containing 3 white and 3 black balls. After the
ball is drawn it is placed and another ball is drawn. This goes indefinitely,
what is probability that of the first four balls drawn exactly 2 are white.
17.Define discrete and continues random variables with an example.
18. Define Probability mass function and density function.
19. Find the mean , variance and standard deviation for the following distribution
Xi -5 -4 1 2
P(xi) ¼ 1/8 ½ 1/8
20. The probability distribution of a random variable X is given by the following table. Find
k and evaluate mean and standard deviation.
Xi 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(xi) K 5k 10 10k 5k k
23. The probability density function p(x) of a continues random variable is given by p(x) =
y0e-|x| , - ∞ <x< ∞ . Prove that y0=1/2 and hence find mean and variance of the
distribution.
24. Obtain the mean and variance of the binomial distribution.
25. Let X be binomially distributed random variable based on 6 repetitions of an experiment.
If p = 0.3, evaluate the following probabilities
i ) p(X ≤ 3) ii)p(X = 4) and p(X > 4)
X,Y -4 2 7
5 ¼ 1/8 ½
42. The following table gives the joint distribution of two random variables X and Y. Find
the probability of X given Y=0
X,Y -1 0 1
-1 0 0.2 0
xe − x ( y +1) x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
p( x, y ) =
0 other wise
evaluate E(y | x) and E(x | y).
IV SEMESTER 20 COURSE DIARY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MVJCE
6e −2 x −3 y x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
p( x, y ) =
0 other wise
Verify that x and y are independent.
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
1. Given below are the marks of 12 students in an examination, find the mean marks
68,82,94,105,120,122,127,130,133,140,141,145.
2. A firm purchased a certain type of items from four different manufactures.
Manufacturer A supplied 50% of the items at a price of Rs 1.35 per item, B supplied 35% at a
price of Rs 1.40, C’, 10%at Rs1.42 and D, 5%at Rs1.47. Find the mean price of the items.
3. The mean wage of 1oo labourers in a factory, running two shifts of 60 and40 workers
respectively, is Rs.38. the mean wage of 60 labourers working in one shifts isRs.40. Find the
mean wage of 40, labourers working in the other shifts
−
4. If x is the mean of n items x1, x2, ……..xn of an observation, prove that ∑ xi − x =0.
−
5. If x1 and x2 are the means of two samples of sizes n1 and n2, prove that the mean x of the
combined sample of size n1+n2 is given by
−
n1 x1 + n2 x2
x =
n1 + n2
6. Prove that the arithmetic progression is equal to the mean of its first and last terms.
7. Calculate the mean for the following data
x: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f: 1 9 26 59 72 52 29 7 1
In a test carrying 100 marks given to 88 students, 77 students get above 10 marks,
72 get above20, 65 get above 30, 55 get above 40, 43 get above 50, 28 get above
60, 16 get above70, 10 get above 80 and 8 get above 90. Find the mean marks.
X 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
F 4 7 9 18 15 10 5
11. The following are the runs scored by two batsman x and y in ten test matches
X 30 44 66 62 60 34 80 46 20 38
Y 34 46 70 38 55 48 60 34 45 30
Who of this is (i) a better scorer (ii) more consistent?
12. The items of an observation are in the A.P. a, a+d, a+2d…a+2nd. Find the
standard deviation.
13. A student computed the mean and standard deviation for 100 items of an
observation as 40 and 5.1 respectively. It was later discovered that he had
wrongly copied down an item as 50 instead of 40. Calculate the correct mean and
correct standard deviation.
14. Define raw moments and central moments. Derive the relation between the central
moments and raw moments.
15. Find the first four moments about the mean for the distribution given by the
following table.
X 12 14 16 18 20 22
F 1 4 6 10 7 2
Also find the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis.
If the initial market share breakdown is 50% for each brand,then determine there market
shares in the steady st
SYLLABUS
Sub Code: 10ME42 IA Marks : 25
Hrs/week : 04 Exam Hours : 03
Total Lecture Hrs : 56 Exam Marks : 100
PART – A
UNIT 1:
STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT: Definition and Objectives of metrology, Standards of
length - International prototype meter, Imperial standard yard, Wave length standard, subdivision of
standards, line and end standard, comparison, transfer from line standard to end standard,
calibration of end bars (Numerical), Slip gauges, Wringing phenomena, Indian Standards (M- 81,
M-112), Numerical problems on building of slip gauges. 6 Hours
UNIT 2:
SYSTEM OF LIMITS, FITS, TOLERANCES AND GAUGING: Definition of tolerance,
Specification in assembly, Principle of inter changeability and selective assembly limits of size,
Indian standards, concept of limits of size and tolerances, compound tolerances, accumulation of
tolerances, definition of fits, types of fits and their designation (IS 919 -1963), geometrical
tolerance, positional - tolerances, hole basis system, shaft basis of system, classification of gauges,
brief concept of design of gauges (Taylor's principles), Wear allowance on gauges, Types of gauges
-plain plug gauge, ring Gauge, snapgauge, limit gauge and gauge materials. 7 Hours
UNIT 3:
INTERFEROMETER AND SCREW THREAD GEAR MEASUREMENT : Interferometer
Principle of interferometery, autocollimator. Optical flats. Terminology of screw threads,
measurement of major diameter, minor diameter pitch, angle and effective diameter of screw
threads by 2-wire and 3-wire methods, Best size wire. Toolmakers microscope, gear terminology,
use of gear tooth Vernier caliper and gear tooth micrometer 6 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 4:
MEASUREMENTS AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS: Definition, Significance of
measurement, generalized measurement system, definitions and concept of accuracy, precision,
calibration, threshold, sensitivity, hystersis, repeatability, linearity, loading effect, system response-
times delay. Errors in Measurements, Classification of Errors. Transducers, Transfer efficiency,
Primary and Secondary transducers, electrical, Mechanical, electronic transducers, advantages of
each type transducers. 7 Hours
UNIT 6:
MEASUREMENT OF FORCE AND TORQUE, PRESSURE: Principle, analytical balance,
platform balance, proving ring, Torque measurement, Prony brake, hydraulic dynamometer.
Pressure Measurements, Principle, use of elastic members, Bridgeman gauge, Mcloed gauge, Pirani
Gauge. 6 Hours
UNIT 7:
TEMPERATURE AND STRAIN MEASUREMENT: Resistance thermometers, thermocouple,
law of thermocouple, materials used for construction, pyrometer, Optical Pyrometer. Strain
Measurements, Strain gauge, preparation and mounting of strain gauges, gauge factor, methods of
strain measurement 7 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Mechanical measurements” by Beckwith Marangoni and Lienhard, Pearson Education, 6th
Ed., 2006
2. “Engineering Metrology” by R.K.Jain, Khanna Publishers, 1994.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. “Engineering Metrology” by I.C.Gupta, Dhanpat Rai Publications, Delhi
2. “Mechanical measurements” by R.K.Jain
3. “Industrial Instrumentation” Alsutko, Jerry. D.Faulk, Thompson Asia Pvt. Ltd.2002
4. “Measurement Systems Applications and Design” by Ernest O, Doblin, McGRAW Hill Book
Co.
Scheme of Examination:
One Question to be set from each chapter. Students have to answer any FIVE
full questions out of EIGHT questions, choosing at least 2 questions from
part A and 2 questions from part B.
LESSON PLAN
Sub Code : 10ME42 Hrs/week : 04
Sub: Mechanical measurements and metrology Total Hrs : 62
Period
TOPICS TO BE COVERED REMARKS
NO
1. Standards of measurement: Definition and Objectives of metrology,
Standards of length - International prototype meter, Imperial standard
2.
yard
3. Wave length standard, subdivision of standards
Line and end standard, comparison, transfer from line standard to end
4.
standard
calibration of end
5.
bars (Numerical), Slip gauges, Wringing phenomena
Indian Standards (M- 81, M-112), Numerical problems on building of
6.
slip gauges.
System of limits, Fits, Tolerances and gauging: Definition of
7. tolerance,
Specification in assembly,
Principle of inter changeability and selective assembly limits of size,
8.
Indian standards
Concept of limits of size and tolerances, compound tolerances,
9.
accumulation of tolerances
Definition of fits, types of fits and their designation (IS 919 -1963),
10.
geometrical tolerance
11. Positional - tolerances, hole basis system, shaft basis of system
Classification of gauges, brief concept of design of gauges (Taylor's
12. principles), Wear
allowance on gauges
Types of gauges -plain plug gauge, ring Gauge, snap gauge, limit gauge
13. and gauge
materials.
Comparators and Angular measurement: Introduction to
14. Comparator,
Characteristics,
Classification of comparators, mechanical comparators -Johnson
15. Mikrokator, Sigma
Comparators
16. Sigma Comparators, dial indicator, Optical Comparators -principles
17. Zeiss ultra optimeter, Electric and Electronic Comparators -principles,
18. LVDT, Pneumatic Comparators
19. back pressure gauges, Solex Comparators
20. Angular measurements, Bevel Protractor
21. Sine Principle and. use of Sine bars, Sine center
22. use of angle gauges, (numericals on building of angles) Clinometers
IV SEMESTER 31 COURSE DIARY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MVJCE
Interferometer and Screw thread gear measurement : Interferometer
23. Principle of
interferometery, autocollimator
24. Principle of interferometery, autocollimator
25. Optical flats. Terminology of screw threads
26. Measurement of major diameter, minor diameter pitch, angle
27. Effective diameter of screw threads by 2-wire
28. Effective diameter of screw threads by 3-wire methods Best size wire
29. Toolmakers microscope, gear terminology
30. Use of gear tooth Vernier caliper
31. Use of gear gear tooth micrometer
Measurements and Measurement systems: Definition, Significance
32.
of measurement
33. Generalized measurement system,
34. definitions and concept of accuracy, precision
35. Calibration, threshold, sensitivity, hystersis, repeatability
36. Errors in Measurements
37. Classification of Errors.
38. Transducers, Transfer efficiency
39. Primary and Secondary transducers, electrical,
40. Mechanical, electronic transducers
41. advantages of each type transducers
Intermediate modifying and terminating devices: Mechanical
42. systems, inherent
problems
43. Electrical intermediate modifying devices
44. Input circuitry, ballast, ballast circuit,
45. Electronic amplifiers and telemetry
46. Terminating devices, Mechanical,
47. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
48. Oscillographs, X-Y Plotters
Measurement of Force and Torque, pressure: Principle, analytical
49.
balance,
50. Platform balance, proving ring
51. Torque measurement, Prony brake,
52. Hydraulic dynamometer. Pressure Measurements
53. Principle, use of elastic members,
54. Bridgeman gauge
55. Mcloed gauge, Pirani Gauge.
QUESTION BANK
Unit-1
1. Describe with neat sketch 1) imperial standard yard 2) international prototype meter.
2. Describe with neat wavelength standard.
3. Describe with neat sketch line and end standards.
4. What is metrology? State and explain the objectives of metrology.
5. Explain the following terms 1) primary standard 2) secondary standard.
6. Describe the procedure for ringing of slip gauges. Using a slip gauge set m-87, build up the
following dimensions.29.758 mm and 2) 46.635 mm.
Unit-2
1. Illustrate the principle of go and no go gauges.
2. Differentiate between the following 1) hole basis system 2) interchangeability and selective
assembly.
3. Write in brief about BIS classes of fits
4. Write in brief about clearance fit, interference fit and transition fit.
5. Explain gauge tolerance Taylor’s theory.
6. Write in brief about limit gauges.
7. Write in brief about plug gauges.
8. Write in brief about selection of fits.
9. Write in brief about gap gauges.
10. Write in brief about system of limits and fits.
11. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of mechanical optical comparator.
12. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of pneumatic comparators.
13. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of any one electrical comparators.
14. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of any one electronic comparators
15. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of johnson’s microkrator.
16. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of brook – level comparator.
17. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of sigma comparator
18. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of brook – level comparator
19. Explain the method of measuring angles using clinometers
20. Explain the method of measuring angles using a bevel protractor.
21. Explain the method of measuring angles using a universal protractor.
22. Explain the method of measuring angles using a sine bar.
23. Explain the method of measuring angles using angle gauges..
24. Explain the method of measuring angles using taper gauges.
25. Explain the terms 1) wear allowance 2) gauge makers allowance
26. Give the combination of angle gauges to obtain the following angles, also sketch the
arrangement of gauges (1)34° 23′ 43′′ (2)15° 51′ 24′′
Unit-3
1. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of autocollimator
2. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of toolmakers microscope.
3. How pitch of a screw thread is is measured and what are the different types of pitch errors?
4. Explain the there wire method of measuring the effective diameter of a metric thread. Derive
an expression for the best size used in the above method.
5. Write short notes on terminology of screw threads.
6. How pitch of a screw thread is is measured and what are the different types of pitch errors.
7. Explain the method of measuring 1) major dia 2) pitch dia using 2 – wire method
8. Explain the method of measuring 1) major dia 2) pitch dia using 3 – wire method
9. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of gear tooth vernier.
10. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of gear tooth micrometer.
11. Write in brief terminology of a gear tooth vernier.
12. Write in brief terminology of a gear tooth micrometer.
13. List out the uses of 1) gear tooth micrometer. 2) gear tooth micrometer.
Unit-4
1. Explain with example the three stages of a generalized measurement system.
2. Write in brief 1) accuracy 2) precision 3) sensitivity with respect to measurements.
3. Write in brief 1) threshold 2) resolution hysterisis 3) repeatability
4. Write in brief 1) loading effect 2) input impedance 3) system response
5. Write in brief about time delay in a measurement.
6. What are errors in measurements?
7. How the errors in the measurements are classified.
8. List out the importance of measurement and measurement systems
9. What are transducers? List out advantages and disadvantages of a mechanical transducer.
10. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of an electronic transducer.
11. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of an electrical transducer
12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of an electronic transducer?
13. What are the advantages and disadvantages of an electrical transducer?
14. What is a pneumatic load cell? Explain.
15. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of various mechanical transducer
elements.
Unit-5
1. Explain about the mechanical systems used as the intermediate modifying stages.
2. Write short notes on Inherent problems.
3. Write short notes on Electronic amplifiers.
4. Write short notes on telemetry.
5. Write short notes on mechanical terminating devices.
6. Explain with neat diagram the working of hode ray oscilloscope.
7. Write short notes on Oscillograph.
8. Write short notes on X – Y Plotters.
Unit -6
1. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of electrical dynamometer
2. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of proving ring.
3. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of prony brake dynamometer.
4. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of hydraulic dynamometer.
5. Write a short note on analytical balance.
6. Write a short note on platform balance.
7. Write a short note on hydraulic dynamometer.
8. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of Bridgman gauge
9. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of McLeod gauge
10. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of pirani gauge.
11. Explain how pressure can be measured with elastic transducer.
12. Write short notes on the elastic members used in the measurement of pressure.
Unit-7
1. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of resistance thermometer
2. List the thermocouple laws.
3. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of radiation pyrometer.
4. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of pressure thermometer.
5. Explain the principles of thermocouples and illustrate the applications of thermocouples.
6. Describe with neat sketch the construction and working of vapour, pressure thermometer
with a neat sketch.
7. Write short notes on Optical Pyrometer.
8. Explain the null balance and deflection methods of strain measurements.
9. Write in brief about treatment regarding preparation & mounting of strain gauges.
10. Explain a) calibration of strain gauges b) temperature compensation
11. Write a note on strain gauge material its alloys.
12. Write short notes on Gauge Factor.
2. GAS POWER CYCLES: Air standard cycles; Carnot, Otto, Diesel, Dual & stirling cycles,
P-V & T-S diagrams, description, efficiencies and mean effective pressures. Comparison of
Otto and Diesel cycles. Gas turbine (Brayton) cycle; description and analysis. Regenerative
gas turbine cycle. Inter-cooling and reheating. 6 hrs
3. I C ENGINES: testing of Two stroke and four stroke SI and CI engines for performance,
related numerical problems, heat balance, Mores test. 6 hrs
4. VAPOUR POWER CYCLEs: Carnot vapour power cycle, drawbacks as reference cycle.
Simple rankine cycle; description, T-S diagram, analysis for performance. Comparison of
Carnot & rankine cycles. Effect of pressure and temperature on rankine cycle performance.
Actual vapour power cycles. Ideal and practical regenerative rankine cycles open and closed
feed water heaters. Reheat Ranking cycles. 7 hrs
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Basic and applied thermodynamics by P.K Nag, Tata McGraw Hill pub, 2002
2. Thermodynamics- An Engineering Approach by Yunus.A.Cenegal and Michael A Boles,
Tata McGraw hill pub co, 2002
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Engineering thermodynamics by J.B Jones and G A Hawkins, john Wiley and sons Co
2. Fundamentals of classical thermodynamics by GJ Van Wylen and R E Sonnatag, Wiley
eastern
3. Thermodynamics by CP Arora, Tata McGraw Hill Internal combustion engines ML Mathur
and R.P Sharma
LESSON PLAN
QUESTION BANK
1. Combustion Thermodynamics:
1.What is combustion?
2.Define the terms – heat of formation and heat of reaction. How are they related
3.Define adiabatic flame temperature
4.Calculate the composition when 1 [Kmol H2] reacts with 1 [kmol O2] and reaches
equilibrium at 1 atm & 1500 K
5. Aniline is a popular rocket propellant. It has the benzene structure with one of H atoms
replaced with N-H2. The resonance energy for aniline is 291.4 [ MJ/kmol] what will the
standard heat of formation
6. Calculate the calorific value of ethane
7. Calculate the calorific value of a coal with composition of C= 51.3%, H2= 3.5 %, N2= 1.8
%, O2= 7.3 % , S= 0.7 % and rest being ash & moisture
8. A sample of gobar gas contains 55% methane and the rest is CO2. What will be its calorific
value
9. Compute the enthalpy of an exhaust gas at 1000 K with composition of CO2=12.3%, CO=
1.74 %, O2= 3%, N2= 76.4% and H20 = 6.6 %
2. Gas Power cycles:
1. Show the efficiencies of the air standard Brayton cycle is a function of isentropic pressure
ratio.
2. cycle on p-V and T-s diagrams.
3. Sketch Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle for the (a) same maximum pressure and heat input (b)
same maximum pressure and temperature (c) same maximum pressure and output and
compare the efficiency of the same.
4. Prove that for the same compression ratio and heat input, Otto cycle efficiency is more than
Diesel cycle efficiency.
5. Derive an expression for air standard efficiency if dual combustion cycle in terms of
compression ratio, explosion ratio and cut of ratio.
6. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of closed cycle gas turbine over open cycle
turbine power plant. Show the processes of T-s diagram.
7. Draw the simple Gas Turbine flow diagram. Derive the thermal efficiency equation in terms
of pressure ratio of the cycle. Show the cycle both on p-V and T-s diagrams.
8. Write short notes on the following a) Ram-Jet b) Turbo Jet c) Rocket propulsion d) Joule’s
cycle e) Turbo prop propulsion systems.
9. Obtain an expression for increase in efficiency of Gas turbine with intercooling.
10. Obtain an expression for optimum pressure in the inter cooler
11. The air enters the compressor of an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine at a pressure of
1 bar and temperature of 200C.The pressure of the air after compression is 4 bar. The
isentropic efficiency of compressor and turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. The air-fuel
ratio is 90%, flow rate of air is 3 Kg /sec. Find a) power developed b) thermal efficiency of
the cycle Take γ = 1.4 Cp = 1kj/kg and CV= 41720kJ/kg.
12. An industrial gas turbine takes air at 1 bar and 27 0C and compresses it to 5.5 times the
original pressure. The temperature at the salient points are, compressor outlet 251 0C,
turbine inlet 7600C and turbine outlet 4470C calculate the compressor and turbine efficiency.
Assume brine temperature used for this purpose is at-80C. Find the ice formed per kW-hr.
6. A refrigerator works on Bell-Coleman cycle between the pressure limits of 100kPa and
400kPa. Air leaves the refrigerator at 60C and the cooler at 320C. The compression and
expansion follow the law pV1.3=constant. Assume Cp = 1.005kJ/kg K and γ = 1.4 for air.
Determine COP of the cycle.
7. A CO2 refrigerator is working under the temperature limits 20°C and -5°C. If the refrigerant
is superheated by 5°C calculate the work done per kg flow of refrigerant
8. A refrigerator using Freon –12 has an evaporator saturation temperature of 248 K and a
condenser saturation temperature of 308 K. The vapour is dry saturated before the beginning
of compression and has a temperature of 338 K after compression to the condenser pressure
Calculate, a) work done per kW refrigeration b) COP of the refrigerator c) compare this
result when compression is isentropic.
9. Explain the Aqua-Ammonia absorption system
10. Explain steam jet refrigeration system
7. Psychrometrics:
1. Define the following terms a) dry air b) Moist air c) superheated vapour d) saturated vapour
e) dry-bulb temperature f) wet-bulb temperature g) specific humidity h) relative humidity I)
saturation ratio
2. Write a brief note on the following a) Comfort air conditioning b) summer and winter air
conditioning system
3. Atmospheric air at 750mm Hg has a DBT of 340C and WBT of 240C compute a) relative
humidity b) humidity ratio c) dew point temperature, d) enthalpy of atmospheric air and e)
density of moist
4. As a result of adiabatic saturation in a steady state steady flow device at a constant pressure
of 96kN/m2, the temperature of an air-water vapour mixture is reduced from 320C to 220C.
What is the relative humidity of the mixture at inlet?
5. Air at 200C, 40% RH is mixed adiabatically with air at 400C, 40% RH in the ratio of 2 kg of
the former with 3 kg of the latter. Find the final condition of air.
8. I C engines
1. Define the following a) Mechanical efficiency b) Brake thermal efficiency c) indicated
thermal efficiency d) relative efficiency e) volumetric efficiency f) Air standard efficiency
g) compression ratio h) break power I) specific fuel consumption
2. Sketch the Heat balanced curves for an SI engine at constant speed and discuss the nature of
curves compare the both.
3. What is an indicator? What is an advantage of indicator diagram?
4. Define Knocking in SI engines and discuss the factors affecting knocking in SI engines
5. With the help of p-θ diagram explain the phenomenon of combustion is SI engines and CI
engines.
6. Discuss the effect of the following engine variables on flame propagation. A) Compression
ratio b) Engine load c) Size of engine d) Engine speed e) Turbulence
UNIT 2:
MECHANISMS: Quick return motion mechanisms -Drag link mechanism, Whitworth mechanism
and Crank and slotted lever Mechanism. Straight line motion mechanisms –Peaucellier’s
mechanism and Robert’s mechanism. Intermittent Motion mechanisms –Geneva mechanism and
Ratchet and Pawl mechanism. Toggle mechanism, Pantograph, Ackerman steering gear mechanism.
7 Hours
UNIT 3:
VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS
(GRAPHICAL METHODS)
Velocity and acceleration analysis of Four Bar mechanism, slider crank mechanism and Simple
Mechanisms by vector polygons: Relative velocity and acceleration of particles in a common link,
relative velocity and accelerations of coincident Particles on separate links- Coriolis component of
acceleration. Angular velocity and angular acceleration of links, velocity of rubbing. 7 Hours
UNIT 4:
VELOCITY ANALYSIS BY INSTANTANEOUS CENTER METHOD:
Definition, Kennedy’s Theorem, Determination of linear and angular velocity using instantaneous
center method
KLEIN’S CONSTRUCTION: Analysis of velocity and acceleration of single slider crank
mechanism. 6 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 5:
VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS (ANALYTICAL
METHODS): Analysis of four bar chain and slider crank chain using analytical expressions. (use
of complex algebra and vector algebra) 6 Hours
UNIT 6:
SPUR GEARS: Gear terminology, law of gearing, Characteristics of involute action, Path of
contact, Arc of contact, Contact ratio, Interference in involute gears, Methods of avoiding
interference, Back lash, Comparison of involute and cycloidal teeth. 6 Hours
UNIT 7:
GEAR TRAINS: Simple gear trains, Compound gear trains for large speed reduction, Epicyclic
gear trains, Algebraic and tabular methods of finding velocity ratio of epicyclic gear trains. Tooth
load and torque calculations in epicyclic gear trains. 7 Hours
UNIT 8:
CAMS: Types of cams, Types of followers, Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration time curves
for cam profiles. Disc cam with reciprocating follower having knife -edge, roller and flat-faced
follower, Disc cam with oscillating roller follower, Follower motions including SHM, Uniform
velocity, uniform accele ration and retardation and Cycloidal motion. 7 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:
1. “Theory of Machines”, Rattan S.S, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi,
and 2nd edition -2005.
2. “Theory of Machines”, Sadhu Singh, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., Indian Branch,
New Delhi, 2ND Edi. 2006.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. “Theory of Machines & Mechanisms ” , Shigley. J. V. and Uickers, J.J., OXFORD University
press.2004
2. “Theory of Machines -I”, by A.S.Ravindra, Sudha Publications, Revised 5th Edi. 2004.
Scheme of Examination:
One Question to be set from each chapter. Students have to answer any FIVE full questions out of
EIGHT questions, choosing at least 2 questions from part A and 2 question from part B.
Graphical Solutions may be obtained either on the Graph Sheets or on the Answer Book itself.
Period.
Topic to be covered
No Remarks
Definition of theory of machine & introduction about the syllabus and
1.
question paper pattern.
2. Definitions of link or element, type of links,
3. Constraints motions, kinametic pair, types of kinametic pair
Explanation of kinametic pairs classified and different factor with
4.
examples
5. Kinametic chain and definition of mechanism and inversion machine.
6. Definition of degrees of freedom and mobility of mechanism.
Kutzbach and grubles’s criterion, problems to find mobility of
7.
mechanism
Classification of kinametic chain: four bar chain mechanism and its
8.
inversions.
9. Single slider crank chain and Inversion of single slider crank chain
10. Double slider crank chain and its inversion
Quick return motion mechanism: drag link mechanism, and crank and
11.
slotted lever mechanism
12. Whit worth mechanism– sketches & explanations
Straight-line motion mechanism: peacellier’s mechanism and Robert’s
13.
mechanism – sketches & explanations
Intermittent motion mechanism: Geneva mechanism – sketches &
14.
explanations.
Intermittent motion mechanism ratchet and pawl mechanism – sketches
15.
& explanations
16. Toggle mechanism, Pantograph,
17. Hook’s joint and Universal joint mechanism
18. Ackerman steering gear mechanism
19. Gears:definition & different types of gears.Law of
20. Problems on law of Gearing
21. Nomenclature types of gears n gear tooth
22. Involutemetry, characterization of involute action
23. Involutes, path of contact, arc of contact, contact ratio etc.
24. Problems on path of contact and Arc of contact
25. Interference in involute gear, methods to avoiding interference.
26. Determination of backlash Methods to avoid back lash
27. Deference between cycloidal and involute teeth
Gear trains: types of gear trains: explanation of sample and compound
28.
gear trains, teeth ratio. Epicyclic gear train
Algebraic method to find velocity ratio of sample gear train &
29.
compound gear trains & some problems to be solved
QUESTION BANK
SIMPLE MECHANISMS
1. Explain the term kinematic link? Give the classification of kinematic link.
2. Define the fallowing:-
i) Link. ii) kinematic pair. iii) kinematic chain.
iv) Inversion v) degrees of freedom
3. What is a machine ? giving example, differentiate between a machine and a structure.
4. Write notes on complete and incomplete constraints in lower and higher pairs, illustrating
your answer with neat sketches.
5. Explain different kinds of kinematic pairs giving example for each one of them.
6. Explain the terms: lower pair, higher pair, kinematic chain, and inversion.
7. Sketch and explain the various inversions of a slider crank chain.
8. Sketch and describe the four bar chain mechanism. Why it is considered to be the basic
chain.
9. Sketch and describe the working of two different types of quick-return mechanisms.
10 Sketch a pantograph, explain its working and show that it can be used to reproduce to an
enlarged scale a given figure.
11. What are straight line mechanisms? Describe one type of exact straight line motion
mechanism with help of a sketch.
12. Describe the Watt’s parallel mechanism for straight line motion and derive the condition
under which the straight line is traced.
13. Sketch an intermittent motion mechanism and explain its practical applications.
14. What is the condition for correct steering? Sketch and show the main types of steering gears
and discuss their relative advantages.
15. Explain why two hooke’s joints are used to transmit motion from the engine to the
differential of an automobile.
16. Sketch and explain
a. Approximate straight line motion mechanism
b. Ackerman’s steering gear mechanism.
VELOCITY IN MECHANISMS
1. Explain how the velocities of a slider and the connecting rod are obtained in a slider crank
mechanism?
2. In a slider crank mechanism, the length of crank OB and connecting rod AB are 125 mm
and 500 mm respectively, the center of gravity G of the connecting rod is 275 mm from the
slider A. the crank speed is 600 r.p.m. clockwise. When the crank has turned 45° from the
inner dead position, determine: 1. velocity of the slider A, 2. velocity of the point G, and 3.
angular velocity of the connecting rod AB.
a. in a Whitworth quick return notion mechanism.
ACCELERATION IN MECHANISMS
1. Draw the acceleration diagram of a slider crank mechanism.
2. Explain how the coriolis component of acceleration arises when a point is rotating about
some other fixed point and at the same time its distance from the fixed point varies.
3. Derive an expression for the magnitude of coriolis component of acceleration.
4. State and prove Kennedy’s theorem for three instantaneous center method.
5. Using complex algebra, derive expressions for velocity and acceleration of the piston in a
reciprocating engine mechanism.
6. What do you mean by an instantaneous center? Locate all the instantaneous centers for a 4-
bar chain mechanism.
7. In a reciprocating engine, the length of the crank is 250mm and the length of the connecting
rod is 1000 mm. The crank rotates at an uniform speed of 300 rpm. By Klein’s construction
determine the velocity and acceleration of the piston when the crank is at 30 degrees from
IDC.
8. Using Raven’s approach, derive expressions for angular velocity and angular acceleration ( ω
and α1) pf the 4-bar linkage shown in figure. Hence obtain ω4 and α4 for the following date.
r1=210mm, r2=60mm, r3=80mm, r4=80mm, θ2=60 degrees, n2=10 rpm cw, α2=0 rad/sq.sec.
7. A cam rotating clockwise with a uniform speed is to give the roler follower of 20mm diameter
with the following motion:
a) Follower to move outwards through a distance of 30mm during 1200 of cam
rotation:
b) Follower to dwell for 600 of cam rotation;
c) Follower to return to its initial position during 900 of cam rotation; and
d) Follower to dwell for the remaining 900 of cam rotation.
The minimum radius of the cam is 45 mm and the line of stroke of the follower is offset
15mm from the axis of the cam and displacement of the follower is to take place with simple
harmonic motion on both the outward and return stroke. Draw the cam profile.
8. A flat faced reciprocating follower has the motion:
i) The follower moves out for 800 of cam rotation with uniform acceleration and
retardation, the acceleration being twice the retardation.
ii) The follower dwells for the next 800 of cam rotation.
iii) It moves in for the next 120 of cam rotation with uniform acceleration and
retardation, the retardation being twice the acceleration.
iv) The follower dwells for the remaining period.
The base circle diameter of the cam is 60 mm and the stroke of the follower is 20mm. The
line movement of the follower passes through the cam centre.
Draw the displacement diagram and the profile of the cam very neatly showing all
constructional details.
SYLLABUS
Sub Code: 10ME45 I A Marks: 25
Hours / Week: 4 Exam Marks: 100
Total Lecture Hours: 56 Exam Hours: 3
PART A
1. UNIT 1: Theory of metal cutting: Single point cutting tool nomenclature, geometry of
single point cutting tool. Merchant’s circle diagram and analysis, Ernst-Merchant’s solution,
Shear angle relationship, Problems on Merchant’s analysis, Tool wear & tool failure, Tool
life, Effects of cutting parameters on tool life, Tool’s failure criteria, Taylor’s tool life
equation, Problems on tool life evaluation. 7 Hrs
2. UNIT 2: Cutting tool materials: Desired properties, types of cutting tool materials- HSS
carbides, coated carbides, ceramics, cutting fluids, desired properties, types and selection,
Heat generation in metal cutting, factors affecting heat generation. Heat distribution in tool
and w/p. Measurements of tool tip temperature. 7 Hrs
PART B
5. UNIT 5: Milling machines: Classification, constructional features, milling cutters
nomenclatures, milling operations, Up milling down milling concepts.
Indexing: Simple, compound, differential &angular indexing calculations. Simple problems
on simple and compound indexing. 7 Hrs
TEXT BOOKS:
1. ‘Workshop Technology’, Hajra Choudhry Vol-II, Media Promoters and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
2004.
2. ‘Production Technology’, R.K. Jain, Khanna Publications, 2003.
3. ‘Production Technology’, HMT, Tata McGraw Hill, 2001.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. ‘Manufacturing Science’, Amitabha Ghosh and Mallik, Affiliated East-West Press, 2003.
2. ‘Fundamentals of Metal Machining and Machine Tools’, G. Boothroyd, McGraw Hill, 2000.
Scheme of Examination:
One question to be set from each chapter. Students have to answer any 5 full questions out of 8
questions, choosing at least 2 questions from Part A and 2 questions from Part B.
LESSON PLAN
Period.
Topic to be covered
No Remarks
Unit 1: Theory Of Metal Cutting:- Single Point Cutting Tool
1
Nomenclature, Geometry,
2 Merchant’s Analysis, Ernst-Merchant’s Solution.
3 Shear Angle Relationship, Problems On Merchant’s Analysis.
4 Tool Wear And Tool Failure, Effects Of Cutting Parameters.
5 Tools Life Criteria, Taylor’s Tool Life Equation.
Unit 2: Heat Generation In Metal Cutting, Factors Affecting Heat
6
Generation
7 Measurement Of Tool Tip Temperature.
8 Cutting Tool Materials: - Desired Properties,
9 Types Of Tool Cutting Materials-
10 HSS, Carbides, and Coated Carbides.
11 Ceramics Cutting Fluids, Desired Properties
12 UNIT 3: Capstan And Turret Lathe Constructional Features
13 Tool Layout In Capstan And Turret Lathe
14 Shaping And Planning Machine:- Classifications
15 Constructional Features Of Shaping and Planning Machine
16 Driving Mechanisms In Planning And Shaping Machines
17 Shaping Machine, Planning Machine Operations
18 UNIT 4: Classification Of Drilling Machines
19 Constructional Features Of Drilling Machines
Drill Bit Nomenclature, Types Of Drill, Drill Materials, Drilling
20
And Related Operations
PART B
21
UNIT 5: Milling Machines:
22 Classification, Constructional Features
23 Milling Cutters Nomenclature, Operation Of Milling Machine
24 Up milling And Down Milling Concepts, Indexing
25 Simple And Compound Indexing
26 Differential And Angular Indexing
27 Calculations In Simple And Compound Indexing
28 Calculations In Differential And Angular Indexing
QUESTION BANK
PART – A
UNIT 1:
Properties of Fluids: Introduction, properties of fluids, viscosity, thermodynamic properties,
Surface tension and Capillarity, Vapour pressure and Cavitation. 6 Hours
UNIT 2:
Fluid Statics: Fluid pressure at a point, Pascal’s law, pressure variation in a static fluid, Absolute,
gauge, atmospheric and vacuum pressures, simp le manometers, differential manometers, total
pressure and center of pressure,
vertical plane surface submerged in liquid, horizontal plane surface submerged in liquid, inclined
plane surface submerged in liquid, curved surface submerged in liquid. Buoyancy, center of
buoyancy, metacenter and metacentric height, conditio ns of equilibrium of floating and submerged
bodies. 7 Hours
Fluid Kinematics: Types of fluid flow, Introduction, continuity equation,continuity equation in
three dimensions (Cartesian co-ordinate system only),velocity and acceleration, velocity potential
function and stream function. 7 Hours
UNIT 3:
Dimensional Analysis: Introduction, derived quantities, dimensions of physical quantities,
dimensional homogeneity, Buckingham’s p theorem, Raleigh’s method, dimensionless numbers,
similitude, types of similitudes. 6 Hours
PART – B
UNIT 4:
Fluid Dynamics: Introduction, equations of motion, Euler’s equation of motion, Bernoulli’s
equation from Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation for real fluids. 6 Hours
UNIT 5:
Fluid flow measurements: Introduction, venturimeter, orifice meter, Pitot tube.
Flow through pipes: Frictional loss in pipe flow, Darcy- Equation for loss of head due to friction in
pipes, Chezy’s equation for loss of head due to friction in pipes, hydraulic gradient and total energy
line. 7 Hours
UNIT 6:
Laminar flow and viscous effects: Reynold’s number, critical Reynold’s number, Laminar flow
through circular pipe-Hagen poiseulle’s equation, Laminar flow between parallel and stationery
plates. 6 Hours
UNIT 7:
Flow past immersed bodies: Drag, Lift, expression for lift and drag, pressure drag and friction
drag, boundary layer concept, displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness.
Introduction to compressible flow: Velocity of sound in a fluid, Mach number, Propagation of
pressure waves in a compressible fluid. 7 Hours
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fluid Mechanics, Fundamental & applications, by Yunus A, Cenegel, John M,Cimbala, Tata
MacGraw Hill, 2006.
2. Fluid Mechanics by John F.Douglas, Janul and M.Gasiosek and john A.Swaffield, Pearson
Education Asia, 5th ed., 2006
3. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering,” Kumar.D.S, Kataria and Sons.,2004.
4. Fluid Mechanics R.K.Hegde, Niranjana Murthy Spana Book House, 2005.
Scheme of examination:
One Question to be set from each chapter. Students have to answer any FIVE full questions out of
EIGHT questions, choosing at least 2 questions from part A and 2 questions from part B.
LESSON PLAN
Hour.
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
No
1 Properties of Fluids: Introduction, properties of fluids
2 viscosity and kinematic viscosity and its principles
3 Thermodynamic properties
4 Surface tension and Capillarity
5 Vapour pressure
6 Cavitation.
7 Fluid Statics: Fluid pressure at a point, Pascal’s law
8 pressure variation in a static fluid, Absolute, gauge,
9 atmospheric and vacuum pressures, simple manometers, differential
manometers
10 total pressure and center of pressure, vertical plane surface submerged in
liquid, horizontal plane surface submerged in liquid
11 Curved surface submerged in liquid. Buoyancy, center of buoyancy,
12 metacenter and metacentric height
13 conditions of equilibrium of floating and submerged bodies.
14 Fluid Kinematics: Types of fluid flow, Introduction,), , velocity potential
function and stream function
15 , continuity equation problems
16 velocity and acceleration
17 Cartesian co-ordinate system only
18 continuity equation in three dimensions
19 Introduction, continuity equation
20 continuity equation in three dimensions(Cartesian co-ordinate system only),
21 velocity and acceleration
22 velocity potential function
23 stream function
24 Dimensional Analysis: Introduction, , , , Raleigh’s method, dimensionless
numbers, similitude, types of similitudes.
25 dimensions of physical quantities
26 dimensional homogeneity
27 , derived quantities
28 dimensions of physical quantities
29 Buckingham’s p theorem
30 dimensional homogeneity, Buckingham’s p theorem
31 Buckingham’s p theorem
32 Raleigh’s method, dimensionless numbers
33 similitude, types of similitudes
IV SEMESTER 89 COURSE DIARY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MVJCE
34 Fluid Dynamics: Introduction,
35 equations of motion
36 , Euler’s equation of motion
37 Bernoulli’s equation from Euler’s equation
38 Bernoulli’s equation for real fluids.
39 Fluid flow measurements: Introduction,
40 venturimeter, orifice meter
41 Pitot tube and Pitot tube
42 Flow through pipes: Frictional loss in pipe flow
43 Darcy- Equation for loss of head due to friction in pipes
44 Chezy’s equation for loss of head due to friction in pipes
45 hydraulic gradient and total energy line.
46 Laminar flow and viscous effects:
47 Reynold’s number
48 critical Reynold’s number
49 Laminar flow through circular pipe-Hagen poiseulle’s equation
50 Laminar flow between parallel and stationery plates.
51 Flow past immersed bodies: Drag, Lift,
52 expression for lift and drag,
53 pressure drag and friction drag
54 boundary layer concept
55 Displacement thickness, momentum thickness
56 energy thickness.
57 Mach number
58 Propagation of pressure waves in a compressible fluid.
59 Revision & numerical practice
60 Revision compressible fluid
61 Ouestion Paper
62 VTU Ouestion Paper
Unit-2
1. Show that the pressure in a static fluid is same in all directions
2. Explain with a neat sketch how a differential manometer is used to find the pressure
difference between two points in a fluid
3. With a neat sketch explain any two mechanical gauges
4. Define the following terms: a) Total pressure b) center of pressure
5. Derive expression for total pressure and center of pressure for a vertically immersed surface
6. Derive an expression for the depth of center of pressure from free surface of liquid of an
inclined plane surface submerged in the liquid.
7. A manometer containing mercury is connected to two points 15m apart on a pipeline
conveying water. The pipeline is straight & slopes at an angle of 15° with the horizontal.
The monometer gives a reading of 150 mm. determine the difference between the two points
of pipeline. take specific gravity of mercury as 13.6 & that of H2O as 1.0.
8. A circular plate of 2m diameter is immersed in an oil of specific gravity of 0.8 such that its
surface is 30° to the free surface. Its top edge is 2.5 m below the free surface. Find the force
and center of pressure.
9. Find the total pressure & position of center of pressure on a triangular plate of base 2m &
height 3m which is immersed in H2O in such a way that the plan of the plate mates an angle
of 600 with the free surface of the H2O. The base of the plate is parallel to H2O surface & at
a depth of 2.5 m from H2O surface.
Unit-3
1. Define dimensional analysis? Mention advantages and uses of dimensional analysis.
2. what do you mean by fundamental units & derived units? Give examples
3. Define the following 1) Reynolds number 2) fronde’s number 3) Euler number 4) mach
number 5) weber number
4. write a brief note on model studies
5. Explain similitude& types of similitudes
6. describe the Rayleigh’s method for dimensional analysis.
7. state Bucking ∏ theorem. write the step by step procedure followed in dimensional analysis
using Bucking ∏ theorem
8. the pressure drop ∆p in a pipe of diameter D and length l depends on the density ρ and
viscosity µ of fluid flowing, mean velocity v of flow and average height of protuberance t
show that the pressure drop can be impressed in the form
∆p = ρv2 φ [l/d, µ/vDρ ,t/D ]
Unit-4
1. Derive the Euler’s equation of motions along a streamlines and reduce it to Bernoulli’s
equation
2. Name 3 application of Bernoulli’s theorem and mention the use of each
3. Derive Bernoulli’s equation for real fluids.
4. water is flowing through a pipe having diameters 600mm & 400 mm at the bottom & upper
end respectively ,then intensity of pressure at the bottom end is 350 k/m2 and the pressure at
the upper end is 100 KN/m2 .Determine the difference in datum head if the rate of flow
through the pipe is 60 lit /sec
5. A 6m long pipe is inclined at an angle of 20 degree with the horizontal. The smaller section
of the pipe which is at lower level is of 100mm diameter and the larger section of the pipe is
of 300m diameter. If the pipe is uniformly tapering and the velocity of water the smaller
section is 1.8 m/s. determine the difference of pressure between the two sections.
6. An oil of specific gravity 0.8 is flowing through a taper pipe of length 50m having a
diameter of 40 cm at the upper end and 20 cm at the lower end at a rate of 60 l/s. The pipe
has a slope of 1 in 50.Find the pressure at the lower end if the pressure at the higher end is
2.5 bar. Indicate the direction of fluid flow. Neglect the losses.
Unit-5
1. Derive the expression of discharge through a V- notch
2. Define venturimeter ? Derive the expression for rate of flow through venturimeter
3. Derive the expression for coefficient of discharge through orifice
4. An oil of specific gravity 0.9 flows through a venturimeter having inlet diameter 200mm and
throat diameter 100mm. The mercury manometer reads 200mm, if cd=0.98, Find the
discharge
5. An orificemeter with orifice diameter 10cm is inserted in a pipe of 20cm diameter. The
pressure gauges fitted upstream & downstream of the orificemeter give reading of 19.62
N/cm2 & 9.81 N/cm2 respectively. co-eff of discharge for the meter is given as 0.6 Find the
discharge of water through pipe.
6. A horizontal venturimenter with inlet & throat diameters 300mm and 100mm respectively is
used to measure the flow of water, the pressure intensity at inlet is 130 KN/m2 while the
vacuum head at the throat is 350 mm of mercury. Assuming that 3% of head is lost in
between the inlet & throat find
(a)The value of cd for the venturimeter (b) Rate of flow
14. A pipe of uniform diameter connects two reservoirs at different elevations. What would be
the percentage increase in discharge if another pipe of same diameter is added from the
middle length parallel to it ? neglect minor losses and assume equal values of Darcy’s co-
efficient of friction f for both pipes.
Unit-6
1. Write a short note on Reynold’s number
2. Derive Hagen-poiseuille equation & state the assumptions made.
3. A fluid of viscosity 8 poise and specific gravity 1.2 is flowing through a circular pipe of
diameter 100mm. The maximum shear stress at the pipe wall is 210 N/m2 Find (a)The
pressure gradient (b) Reynolds number of flow (c)The average velocity
4. The fluid of viscosity 0.7 N.S/m2 and specific gravity 1.3 is flowing through a circular pipe
of diameter 10cm.the maximum shear stress at the pipe wall is 196.2 N/m2.Find the pressure
gradient , the average velocity and Reynolds number
3. Explain mach number and with sketch explain waveforms for different values of mach
number corresponding to subsonic, sonic and supersonic conditions
4. Calculate the mach number at a point on a jet propelled air craft, which is flying at 1100
km/hr at sea- level where air temp is 20 degree C. Take γ=1.4 and R=287 J/kg.k.
5. A rocket travels in air at an altitude of about 18 km. where the temp is approximately -60
degree C. If the speed of the rocket is 2000 km/hr, find the mach number & mach angle
Take γ=1.4 and R=287 J/kg.k for air
6. Find the velocity of bullet fired in standard air if the mach angle is 30 degree.
7. Take R= 287.14 J/Kg.0 k and K=1.4 for air. Assume temperature of air as 15 degree C.
8. Derive the continuity equation for a 2-D compressible flow in differential form
9. Show that the velocity of propagation of elastic wave in an adiabatic medium is given by
C=√KRT starting from fundamentals.
A jet fighter flying at Mach number 2.0 is observed directly over head at a height of 10
km .How much distance it would cover before the sonic boom is heard on the ground?
SYLLABUS
PART B: Metrology
1. Measurements using optical pyrometer / toolmakers Microscope
2. Measurements of angle using sine center / sine bar/ bevel protractor
3. Measurements of cutting tool forces using
a. Lathe tool dynamometer
b. Drill tool dynamometer
4. Measurements of screw thread parameter using two wire or three wire method
5. Measurements of surface roughness using tally surf/ mechanical comparator
6. Measurements of gear tooth profile using gear tooth Vernier / Gear Tooth micrometer
7. Calibration of micrometer using slip gauges
8. Measurement using optical flats
Scheme of examination:
SYLLABUS
Sub Code: 10MEL38B / 10MEL48B IA Marks:25
Hrs /week : 03 Exam Hours: 03
Total Lecture Hrs: 42
PART A
Preparation of three models on lathe involving plain turning, taper turning, step turning, thread
cutting. Facing, knurling, drilling, boring, internal thread cutting and eccentric turning.
PART B
Cutting of ‘V’ Groove dovetail / Rectangular groove using shaping and cutting of gear teeth using
milling machine.
Scheme of examination: