Irene Gee Regidor BSED-English

Conditions of Developmental delay

1. Mental retardation
If your child has an intellectual disability (ID), their brain doesn’t develop properly.
Their brain may also not function within the normal range of both intellectual and adaptive
functioning. In the past, medical professionals called this condition “mental
retardation.”There are four levels of ID: mild, moderate, severe, and profound.
Sometimes ID may be classified as “other” or “unspecified.” ID involves both a low IQ
and problems adjusting to everyday life. There may also be learning, speech, social, and
physical disabilities. Severe cases of ID are diagnosed at birth. However, you might not
realize your child has a milder form of ID until they fail to meet common developmental
goals. Almost all cases of ID are diagnosed by the time a child reaches 18 years of age.
Mental retardation includes:
1. Down Syndrome- down syndrome (sometimes called Down’s syndrome) is a condition
in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome — hence its other
name, trisomy 21. This causes physical and mental developmental delays and disabilities.
2. Hydrocephalus- is a condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the skull and causes
the brain to swell. The name means “water on the brain.”
3. Cerebral palsy -(CP) refers to a group of disorders that affect muscle movement and
coordination. In many cases, vision, hearing, and sensation are also affected.
4. Fanconi anemia- (FA) is a genetic disorder that ultimately leads to bone marrow failure.
Your bone marrow is responsible for making three different types of blood cells in your
body.
5. Tay-Sachs is a disease of the central nervous system. It is a neurodegenerative disorder
that most commonly affects infants. In infants, it is a progressive disease that is
unfortunately always fatal. Tay-Sachs can also occur in teens and adults, causing less
severe symptoms, although this occurs more rarely.
2. Cerebral palsy -(CP) refers to a group of disorders that affect muscle movement and
coordination. In many cases, vision, hearing, and sensation are also affected.
3. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects
communication and behavior. Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is said
to be a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first two
years of life.
4. ADHD is a disorder that makes it difficult for a person to pay attention and control
impulsive behaviors. He or she may also be restless and almost constantly
active. ADHD is not just a childhood disorder. Although the symptoms of ADHD begin
in childhood, ADHD can continue through adolescence and adulthood.
5. Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition that causes a range of developmental
problems including learning disabilities and cognitive impairment. Usually, males are more
severely affected by this disorder than females. Affected individuals usually have
delayed development of speech and language by age 2.
6. Stuttering- talk with continued involuntary repetition of sounds, especially initial
consonants.
7. Selective Mutism is a complex childhood anxiety disorder characterized by a child's
inability to speak and communicate effectively in select social settings, such as school.
These children are able to speak and communicate in settings where they are
comfortable, secure, and relaxed.
8. Tourette syndrome (TS or simply Tourette's) is a common
neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple motor tics
and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
9. Enuresis- involuntary urination, especially by children at night.
10. Separation anxiety disorder (SAD), is an anxiety disorder in which an individual
may experience excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to
whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (e.g., a parent, caregiver,
significant other or siblings).
11. Encopresis is the soiling of underwear with stool by children who are past the age
of toilet training. Because each child achieves bowel control at his or her own rate,
medical professionals do not consider stool soiling to be a medical condition unless the
child is at least 4 years old.
12. Rumination disorder is an eating disorder in which a person -- usually an infant
or young child -- brings back up and re-chews partially digested food that has already
been swallowed. In most cases, the re-chewed food is then swallowed again; but
occasionally, the child will spit it out.
13. Stereotypic movement disorder (SMD) is a motor disorder with onset in
childhood involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., hand waving or head
banging), that markedly interferes with normal activities or results in bodily injury.
14. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a childhooddisorder that is defined by a
pattern of hostile, disobedient, and defiant behaviors directed at adults or other
authority figures. ODD is also characterized by children displaying angry and irritable
moods, as well as argumentative and vindictive behaviors.
15. Conduct disorder- a range of antisocial types of behavior displayed in childhood or
adolescence.
16. Disorder of written expression, formerly called developmental
expressive writing disorder, is a learning disability in which a person's ability to
communicate in writingis substantially below the level normally expected based on the
individual's age, intelligence, life experiences, and educational background.
17. Mathematics disorder is a condition in which a child's math ability is far below
normal for their age, intelligence, and education.
18. A reading disability is a condition in which a sufferer displays difficulty reading.
Examples of reading disabilities include: Developmental Dyslexia, Alexia (acquired
dyslexia), and Hyperlexia (word-reading ability well above normal for age and IQ).
19. Expressive language disorder is a communication disorder in which there are
difficulties with verbal and written expression. ...Expressive language
disorder affects work and schooling in many ways. It is usually treated by specific
speech therapy, and usually cannot be expected to go away on its own.
20. Transient tic disorder, now known as provisional tic disorder, is a condition
involving physical and verbal tics. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition
(DSM-5) renamed this disorder in 2013. A tic is an abrupt, uncontrollable movement
or sound that deviates from a person's normal gestures
21. Attachment disorder is a broad term intended to describe disorders of mood,
behavior, and social relationships arising from a failure to form normal attachments to
primary care giving figures in early childhood.