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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 1 of SO National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 4 hr 19 min 25 sec

1. A 2-year-old girl takes oral cephalexin for treatment of impetigo caused by group A [3-hemolytic Streptococcus. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of this antibiotic in this
patient?

O A) Binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunits


O B) Binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits
O C) Inhibition of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
0 D) Interference with bacterial cell wall synthesis
O E) Production of [3-lactamase

Review

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8 0 0 National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 2 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self'-Asses.s'm ent 4 hr 17 min 49 sec

2. A 10-year-old boy who has had type 1 diabetes mellitus for 1 year is receiving insulin. One hour after his morning dose of insulin he becomes tremulous and diaphoretic and has tachycardia,.
Several hours later, his symptoms resolve. is blood glucos conce ·on i ow i creasedl. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's hyperglycemia?

O A) Activation of hepatic adenylyl cyclase


O B) Activation of muscle glycogen synthase
O C) Activation of muscle phosphorylase
O D) Activation of muscle protein phosphatase
O E) Inhibition of hepatic protein kinase A

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8 0 0 National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 3 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self'-Asses.s'm ent 4 hr 15 min 7 sec

3. A 50-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of pain of his wrists, changes in skin color, and progressive fatigue . His brother has type 2 diabetes mellitus and
cirrhosis. Physical examination shows bronze-colored skin, tenderness of the metacarpophalangeal joints in both hands, and hepatosplenomegaly. Serum studies show:
AST 100 U/L
ALT 110U/L
Ferritin 1200 ng/ml
Total iron-binding capacity 200 µg/dl (N=250-400)
Transferrin saturation 80°/o (N=20-50)

Analysis of a liver biopsy specimen shows a markedly increased iron concentration and cirrhosis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the findings in this patient?

O A) Increased erythropoietin action


O B) Increased intestinal iron absorption
O C) Increased oral iron intake
O D) Decreased erythropoiesis
O E) Decreased iron excretion
O F) Decreased serum transferrin concentration

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8 0 0 National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 4 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self'-Asses.s'm ent 4 hr 10 min 42 sec

4. A 63-year-old man comes to the emergency department 30 minutes after the sudden onset of rig t-sidectchest i:,ain and shortness of brea at began after a 1 -hour drive in is truck. The
i:,ai is more severe witti inspiration. He does not smoke cigarettes. His pulse is 110/min, and respirations are 32/min. The lungs are clear to auscultation. Which of the following findings is
most ikely on ventilatio -i:,erfusion lung scans?

O A) Absence of perfusion in some areas that are ventilated


0 B) Absence of ventilation in some areas that are perfused
O C) Absence of ventilation-perfusion mismatching
O D) Decreased perfusion gradient from the apices to the bases of the lungs
O E) Increased ventilation-perfusion ratios at lung bases compared with those at the apices

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8 0 0 National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 5 of SO National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self'-Asses.s'm ent 4 hr 10 min 7 sec

5. A 25-year-old man is diagnosed with advanced testicular cancer. Combination chemotherapy is being considered. Cisplatin is included in the regimen because of its effect on which of the
following?

O A) Dihydrofolate reductase
0 B)DNA
O C) Microtubules
O D) Purine ring biosynthesis
O E) Ribonucleotide reductase

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0 0 0 National Board of Medical Examine(s

Exam Section 2: Item 6 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


~ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 4 hr6 min 25 sec

6. A 70-year-old man comes to the emergency department 30 inu es after the onset of weakness, nausea. and lower abdominal and back pain that radiates to the lower extremities He
appears pale and has_s,,cold sweat Pulse is 110/min and blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg. Pulses in e lower extremities are weak. A fai bruiUs_l')earg__ipJl)eJgwer abdomen. Muscle stretch
reflexes are normal in both lower extremities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

O A) Acute compression fracture of the L-3 vertebral body


O B) Herniated L-3 to L-4 intervertebral disc
O C) Leaking aortic aneurysm
0 D) Leaking left renal artery aneurysm
O E) Perforated rectum
O F) Perforated sigmoid colon

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0 0 0 National Board of Medical Examine(s

Exam Section 2: Item 8 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 4 hr 1 min 27 sec

8. A 48-year-old woman with ductal carcinoma of right breast has a modified radical mastectomy. After the operation, she has winging of the scapula when she presses her outstretched
arms against a wall. Which of the following nerves is most likely injured?

0 A) Axillary
0 B) Long thoracic
O C) Lower subscapular
O D) Suprascapular
O E) Thoracodorsal

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0 0 0 National Board of Medical Examine(s

Exam Section 2: Item 9 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 4 hr 1 min 29 sec

9. A 78-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of increasingly severe back pain. He has had a 5.4-kg (12-lb) weight loss
during this period. The pain occurs mostly at night, is exacerbated by movement, and is no longer relieved by aspirin. There has been no trauma to
the area. He appears chronically ill. His pulse is 100/min, and blood pressure is 160/100 mm Hg. Physical examination shows point tenderness over
the L4-5 area; there are no skin lesions. Urinalysis shows 4+ protein. A photomicrograph of findings from bone marrow aspiration are shown. Which
of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
O A) Hyperparathyroidism
O B) Metastatic bone disease
0 C) Multiple myeloma
O D) Osteitis deformans (Paget disease)
O E) Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

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0 0 0 National Board of Medical Examine(s

Exam Section 2: Item 10 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 4 hr 1 min 24 sec

10. A 39-year-old man comes to the physician because he has had an intense, stabbing pain behind his left eye for 5 nights. The headaches generally begin 1 hour after he goes to bed and last
for about 1 hour. During the pain, he has left-sided nasal stuffiness and tearing from his left eye. He had a similar series of nighUy headaches for 6 weeks several years ago. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?

O A) Cluster headache
O B) Factitious disorder
O C) Generalized anxiety disorder
O D) Sinusitis
O E) Temporal arteritis
O F) Tension-type headache

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 11 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 4 hr Omin 18 sec

11. A 40-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. He is pronounced dead on arrival. He had a history of fever, headache, chills,
and pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen 5 days ago. During autopsy, histologic examination of a liver section shows disruption of the normal hepatic lobule. Small shrunken
hepatocytes with intense eosinophilic cytoplasm, fragmented nuclear chromatin, and cytoplasmic bleb formations are noted. Which of the following processes is most likely occurring in the
hepatocytes described?

0 A) Apoptosis
0 B)Atrophy
O C) Gaseous necrosis
O D) Coagulation necrosis
0 E) Dysplasia
O F) Fatty change
0 G) Heterophagy
O H) Liquefaction necrosis
O I) Metaplasia

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 12 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 58 min 49 sec

12. A 72-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of bloody diarrhea for the past 12 hours and diffuse abdominal pain for the past 4 days. History includes a cerebral
infarction 3 years ago from which she recovered completely. Examination shows watery stool with red blood. Colonoscopy shows patchy ulceration at the area near the splenic flexure.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

O A) Celiac sprue
O B) Irritable bowel syndrome
O C) lschemic colitis
O D) Pancreatic insufficiency
O E) Regional enteritis
O F) Ulcerative colitis

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 13 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 57 min 32 sec

13. Homologous pairing of chromosomes in prophase I is essential for which of the following normal processes?

O A) Centromere division
O B) Chromosome uncoiling
O C) Crossing over
O D) DNA replication

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 14 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 55 min 42 sec

14. A 20-year-old man has had hemoptysis, hematuria, and a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss over the past 3 months. Laboratory studies show a hypochromic microcytic anemia. Which of the
following sets of microscopic findings is most likely in tissue obtained on biopsy of his kidney?
Light Deposition in Glomerular Electron
Microscopy Basement Membrane Microscopy
O A) Diffusely hypercellular glomeruli granular lgG and C3 subepithelial humps
O B) Glomerular crescents linear lgG and C3 no deposits
O C) Normal glomerular cellularity granular lgG and C3 subepithelial deposits
O D) Normal glomerular cellularity negative loss of foot processes

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 15 of SO National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 54 min 44 sec

15. A 72-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-week history of increasingly severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. He has had a fever for 2 days.
His temperature is 38.3°C (101 °F), and pulse is 106/min. Abdominal examination shows distention and rebound tenderness localized to the left lower quadrant. His leukocyte count is
18,000/mm 3 (80°/c, segmented neutrophils, 10°/c, bands, and 10°/c, lymphocytes). An abdominal CT scan with contrast shows a 7-mm, thickened colonic wall, and pericolic fat inflammation;
there is a collection of contrast in this region. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

0 A) Amebiasis
O B) Collagenous colitis
O C) Colon cancer
O D) Diverticulitis
O E) Ulcerative colitis

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 16 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 52 min 50 sec

16. A 26-year-old primigravid woman delivers a 2948-g (6-lb 8-oz) male newborn at term. Six months ago, she received a vaccine, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B), serotype Ill, during a
clinical trial. Screening indicated that she had generated an antibody response to this polysaccharide antigen within 1 month of the vaccination. This antibody was detected in her serum
immediately prior to the onset of labor. Eight hours after delivery, the newborn appears progressively lethargic, and his temperature is 38.2°C (100.8°F). Cerebrospinal fluid and blood
cultures grow S. aga/actiae (group B), serotype Ill. It is suspected that the mother produced only one antibody isotype in response to the vaccine. This isotype is most likely which of the
following?

O A) lgA
0 B) lgD
O C) lgE
O D) lgG
0 E) lgM

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 17 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 51 min 59 sec

17. A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of epigastric abdominal pain; he also has had an unintentional 6.8-kg (15-lb) weight loss during this period. He has
osteoarthritis treated with naproxen as needed. He immigrated to the USA from Japan 6 months ago. He eats mostly traditional Japanese food prepared by his wife. He has smoked 2 packs
of cigarettes daily for 30 years and drinks three to four glasses of wine daily. He is 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall and now weighs 82 kg (180 lb}; BMI is 28 kg/m 2. Physical examination shows
epigastric tenderness. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy shows a 4-cm ulcer in the stomach. Examination of a biopsy specimen of the lesion confirms adenocarcinoma. Which of the
following is the strongest predisposing risk factor for this patient's condition?

O A) Alcohol use
0 B) Diet
0 C) Ethnicity
O D) Naproxen use
O E) Tobacco use

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 18 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 50 min 58 sec

18. A 31-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband because of difficulty breathing and severe muscle weakness for 10 minutes. She has a 3-year history of
myasthenia gravis treated with neostigmine. The husband reports that she doubled her dosage 2 days ago because she was feeling extraordinarily weak, but her weakness has increased
since then. Which of the following events is the most likely cause of the increased muscle weakness in this patient?

O A) Autoimmune hyperactivation of nicotinic receptors


O B) Autoimmune inactivation of muscarinic receptors
O C) Desensitization of nicotinic receptors
O D) Excessive degradation of acetylcholine
O E) Hypersensitization of muscarinic receptors
O F) Insufficient release of acetylcholine

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 19 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 48 min 40 sec

19. A cluster of three cases of nosocomial pneumonia caused by a highly resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae occurs in a 13-bed intensive care unit (ICU). Each patient in the ICU is in a
private, enclosed room. Which of the following infection control measures is most likely to decrease the spread of this organism to other patients in the ICU and elsewhere in the hospital?

O A) Place infected patients in rooms with at least six air exchanges per hour
O B) Place infected patients in rooms with negative air pressure
O C) Place infected patients in rooms with positive air pressure
O D) Promote thorough hand cleansing before and after medical personnel visit each patient
O E) Require medical personnel to wear masks when visiting infected patients

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 20 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 46 min 4 sec

20. During an experiment, Drug X is administered to treat trematode and cestode infestations. Results show that Drug X increases the permeability of the cell membranes to calcium, causing
paralysis, dislodgement, and death of the parasite. Drug X most closely resembles which of the following?

O A) Albendazole
0 B) Bithionol
O C) Diethylcarbamazine
O D) Niclosamide
O E) Praziquantel

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 21 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 43 min 37 sec

21 . A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 45 minutes after sustaining an injury to her right shoulder when she was forcefully thrown into a swimming pool. The patient is
holding her right arm in external rotation. There is an area of tenderness and absent sensation over the lateral aspect of the forearm. Immediately after reduction of the glenohumeral joint,
she is unable to flex the elbow against gravity. Which of the following structures is most likely injured in this patient?

O A) Axillary nerve
O B) Musculocutaneous nerve
O C) Posterior cord of the brachia! plexus
O D) Radial nerve
O E) Thoracodorsal nerve

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 22 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 42 min 59 sec

22. A 6-year-old boy is found to have almond-shaped eyes, temperature instability, mental retardation, hyperphagia, and obesity. Cytogenetic analysis shows a balanced translocation involving
chromosome 15q11 -q13. His father and paternal aunt are found to have an identical balanced translocation. His aunt's 5-year-old daughter has a history of inappropriate laughter, abnormal
gait, and mental retardation. Which of the following genetic principles best explains the findings in this family?

O A) Anticipation
O B) Genetic drift
O C) Heteroplasmy
O D) Imprinting
O E) Pseudodominant inheritance

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 23 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 42 min 29 sec

23. The tracing shows contractile responses of a skeletal muscle preparation to electrical stimulation at five different frequencies. The amount of calcium sequestration in sarcoplasmic reticulum
is highest during which of the following labeled responses?

A B C D E

C
0
(/)
C
~
Stimulus
I-Hz 3-Hz 6-Hz 9-Hz 12-Hz frequency

Time

O A) 0 B) O C) O D) 0 E)

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 24 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 42 min 3 sec

24. A prospective study examined the relationship between the development of gastric cancer and exposure to a diet rich in selenium. The investigators estimated the relative risk of gastric
cancer to be 0.3 in individuals with a high-selenium diet (95°/c, confidence interval 0.1- 0.8). Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation of this finding?

O A) Selenium causes gastric cancer


O B) Selenium exposure is unrelated to gastric cancer
O C) Selenium is associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer
O D) Selenium is associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer
O E) Selenium is positively correlated with gastric cancer

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 25 of SO National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 40 min 53 sec

25. A male newborn delivered at 34 weeks' gestation by an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery develops respiratory distress 30 minutes later. His respirations are 40/min. Physical
examination shows cyanosis and lower rib retractions with respiration . Chest x-rays show fine densities with a reticulogranular appearance bilaterally. Which of the following is the most
likely cause of these findings?

O A) Erythroblastosis fetalis
O B) Extralobar sequestration
O C) lntracranial hemorrhage
O D) Pulmonary surfactant deficiency
O E) Situs inversus

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 26 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 40 min 14 sec

26. A 23-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. She has a 2-year history of recurrent yeast infections. Genetic analysis shows a
deficiency of myeloperoxidase. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the increased susceptibility to infections in this patient?

O A) Decreased oxygen consumption after phagocytosis


O B) Defective neutrophil degranulation
O C) Defective production of prostaglandins
O D) Inability to produce hydrogen peroxide
O E) Inability to produce hydroxy-halide radicals

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 27 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent

27. A 25-year-old woman undergoes a radical mastectomy with removal of the axillary lymph nodes on the left side. After the operation, she develops painful edema of the left upper extremity.
Which of the following therapies is most likely to decrease the swelling in this patient?

O A) Application of heat
O B) Compression sleeve
O C) Diuretic therapy
O D) Exercise therapy
O E) Passive movement

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 28 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Asses.s,m ent 3 hr 37 min 16 sec

28. A 50-year-old man with a long-standing history of type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of several fainting episodes and fatigue during the past month. He appears
chronically ill. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 95/min, respirations are 17/min, and blood pressure is 155/95 mm Hg. Physical examination shows pallor. Laboratory studies show:
Hemoglobin 8 g/dL
Hematocrit 24°/c,
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 30 pg/cell
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 33°/c, Hb/cell
Mean corpuscular volume 85 µm 3
Leukocyte count 8000/mm 3
Platelet count 200,000/mm 3
Serum
Urea nitrogen 60 mg/dL
Creatinine 6 mg/dL
Total bilirubin 0.9 mg/dL

Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient?

O A) Cyclosporine
O B) Deferoxamine
O C) Erythropoietin
O D) Filgrastim
O E) Felic acid
O F) Oprelvekin
O G) Vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin)

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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 29 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-AF.;sess,m ent 3 hr 33 min 3 sec

LABORATORY VALUES
29. A 4-year-old girl has had "puffy" eyes for the past 3 days. She has had an upper "Included in the Biochemical Profile {SMA-12)
respiratory tract infection for the past week. A urine dipstick test shows 3+ protein.
Urinalysis shows no red or white blood cells or casts. Which of the following BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM REFERENCE RANGE SI REFERENCE INTERVALS
• tanine aminotransferase {Al T, GPT at 30 C) - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
mechanisms is the most likely cause of this patient's condition? mylase, serum 5- 125 U/l 5- 125 U/l
• spartete aminotransf erase (AST, GOT at 30 C - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
O A) Attack by antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies Bilirubin, serum {adutt) Total // Dlrec t .1-1.0 /dl II 0.0--0.3 /dl - 17 moVL II 0 - 5 moVL
)cium. serum ea 2-+ /d l .1 - 2.8 mmoVL
O B) Damage to the loop of Henle holesterol, serum /d l 5.2 mmo!/l
rtisol, serum 800 h: 5- 23 1,.1 9/d l 138-635 nmoV L
O C) Damage to the proximal renal tubule 1600 h: 3- 15 1,,19/d l 2-413 nrnol'l
000 h: < 50% of 0800 h Fraction of 0800 h: < 0 .50
0 D) Loss of negative glomerular charge reatine kinase. serum Male: 25-90 UIL 5-90 U/l
Female: 10- 70 U/L 10- 70 U/L
O E) Presence of a posterior urethral valve rea tinine, serum .S - 1.2 / dl r:3- 106 mol'l
Electro es, serum
138-145 mE /l 138-145 mmol' L
5- 105 mE /L 5- 105 mmoVL
.5-5.0 mE / l .5-5.0 mmoVL
Bicarbonate {HC03) 2- 28 mEq/ L 2- 28 mmoVL
Ma nesium t, 2+ 1.5•2.0 mmoVL
Estriol, total, serum in re nan
24- 28 wks // 32 - 36 wks 0- 170 n / ml // 80 - 280 n / m 104- 590 // 208-970 nmoVL
28- 32 wks // 38-40 wks 0 - 220 n / ml // 80 - 350 n / m
Ferritin, serum Male: 15- 200 ng/ ml
Female: 12- 150 n /ml
Fo llicle-stimulating hormone, serumfplasma Maki: 4 - 25 mlU/ml
Female: premenopause 4 - 30 mlU/ml - 30 LIil
midcyc1e peak 10-90 mlU/ml 10-90 U/l
ostmeno ause 40- 250 mlU/ml 0- 250 U/ L
ases. arterial blood room a ir
H H+- 36-44 nmolfl

• • luoose, serum

Gr0\\1h hormone - arginine stimulation 5


Fasting: < ng/ ml
rovoca tive stimuli: > 7 n / ml
lmmun lobulins, serum
lgA 8- 390 /d l .78-3.90 /L
lgE 0- 380 IUlml
lgG
lgM
Iron
Lactate deh ro enase, serum 5-90 U/l
l uteinizing hormone, serumfplasma Male: G- 23 mlU/ml " - 23 U/L
Female: follicular phase 5- 30 mlUlml 5- 30 Ull
1

l===============================================~ ====================:::m
=kl=cyc=le=7=5=-=
15=0::mlUml _ __,,_5-150 U
::/:::L======= = ====
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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 31 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-AF.;sess,m ent 3 hr 30 min 53 sec

LABORATORY VALUES
31. A 33-year-old woman who is right-handed is brought to the physician because of a "Included in the Biochemical Profile {SMA-12)
3-day history of progressive weakness and numbness of her arms and legs. Neurologic
examination shows proximal and distal weakness of the upper and lower extremities. BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM REFERENCE RANGE SI REFERENCE INTERVALS
• tanine aminotransferase {Al T, GPT at 30 C) - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
There is areflexia. Sensation to vibration and joint position is decreased in the fingers mylase, serum 5- 125 U/l 5- 125 U/l
and toes. Nerve conduction studies show a slow conduction velocity in the median, spartete aminotransf erase (AST, GOT at 30 C - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves. These electrophysiologic findings most likely indicate Bilirubin, serum {adutt) Total // Dlrec t .1-1.0 /dl II 0.0--0.3 /dl - 17 moVL II 0 - 5 moVL
)cium. serum ea 2-+ /d l .1 - 2.8 mmoVL
impaired function of which of the following ion channels? holesterol, serum /d l 5.2 mmo!/l
rtisol, serum 800 h: 5- 23 1,.1 9/d l 138-635 nmoV L
O A) Neurotransmitter-gated Ca 2• channels 1600 h: 3- 15 1,,19/d l
000 h: < 50% of 0800 h
2-413 nrnol'l
Fraction of 0800 h: < 0 .50
O B) Neurotransmitter-gated K• channels reatine kinase. serum Male: 25-90 UIL
Female: 10- 70 U/L
5-90 U/l
10- 70 U/L
O C) Neurotransmitter-gated Na• channels rea tinine, serum .S - 1.2 / dl r:3- 106 mol'l
Electro es, serum
O D) Voltage-gated Ca 2• channels 138-145 mE /l 138-145 mmol' L
5- 105 mE /L 5- 105 mmoVL
O E) Voltage-gated K• channels
.5-5.0 mE / l .5-5.0 mmoVL
O F) Voltage-gated Na• channels Bicarbonate {HC03) 2- 28 mEq/ L 2- 28 mmoVL
Ma nesium t, 2+ 1.5•2.0 mmoVL
Estriol, total, serum in re nan
24- 28 wks // 32 - 36 wks 0- 170 n / ml // 80 - 280 n / m 104- 590 // 208-970 nmoVL
28- 32 wks II 38-40 wks 0 - 220 n / ml // 80 - 350 n / m
Ferritin, serum Male: 15- 200 ng/ ml
Female: 12- 150 n /ml
Fo llicle-s.timutating hormone, serumfplasma Maki: 4 - 25 mlU/ml
Female: premenopause 4 - 30 mlU/ml - 30 LIil
midcyc1e peak 10-90 mlU/ml 10-90 U/l
ostmeno ause 40- 250 mlU/ml 0- 250 U/ L
ases. arterial blood room a ir
H H+- 36-44 nmolfl

• • luoose, serum

Gro\,1h hormone - arginine stimulation 5


Fasting: < ng/ ml
rovoca tive stimuli: > 7 n / ml
lmmun lobulins, serum
lgA 8- 390 /d l .78-3.90 /L
lgE
lgG
lgM
Iron
Lactate deh ro enase, serum 5-90 U/l
l uteinizing hormone, serumfplasma Male: G- 23 mlU/ml " - 23 U/L
Female: follicular phase 5- 30 mlUlml 5- 30 Ull
1
l============================================~ ====================m
=kl=cyc
=le=75=-=
15=0::mlUml _ _ _, _ 5-150 U
:::/=L=============:
im
Previous Lab Values Review
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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 32 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-AF.;sess,m ent 3 hr 29 min 34 sec

LABORATORY VALUES
32. A study is conducted to evaluate the onset and course of cardiovascular disease in "Included in the Biochemical Profile {SMA-12)
African American men and women in the USA. Census data from the year 2000 are
used to select the study sample. A series of factors including family income and years of BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM REFERENCE RANGE SI REFERENCE INTERVALS
• tanine aminotransferase {Al T, GPT at 30 C) - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
education is defined. Census tracts most representative of the national census data for mylase, serum 5- 125 U/l 5- 125 U/l
the factors selected are used for sampling. Which of the following best describes this • spartete aminotransf erase (AST, GOT at 30 C - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
sampling technique? Bilirubin, serum {adutt) Total // Dlrec t .1-1.0 /dl II 0.0--0.3 /dl - 17 moVL II 0 - 5 moVL
)cium. serum ea 2-+ /d l .1 - 2.8 mmoVL
holesterol, serum /d l 5.2 mmo!/l
O A) Blocked randomization rtisol, serum 800 h: 5- 23 1,.19/d l 138-635 nmoV L
1600 h: 3- 15 1,,19/d l 2-413 nrnol'l
O B) Population-based 000 h: < 50% of 0800 h Fraction of 0800 h: < 0 .50
reatine kinase. serum Male: 25-90 UIL 5-90 U/l
O C) Sample of convenience Female: 10- 70 U/L 10- 70 U/L
rea tinine, serum .-S- 1.2 / dl r:3- 106 mol'l
O D) Self-selection Electro es, serum
O E) Sequential 138-145 mE /l 138-145 mmol' L
5- 105 mE /L 5- 105 mmoVL
.5-5.0 mE / l .5-5.0 mmoVL
Bicarbonate {HC03) 2- 28 mEq/ L 2- 28 mmoVL
Ma nesium t, 2+ 1.5•2.0 mmoVL
Estriol, total, serum in re nan
24- 28 wks // 32 - 36 wks 0- 170 n / ml // 80 - 280 n / m 104- 590 // 208-970 nmoVL
28- 32 wks // 38-40 wks 0 - 220 n / ml // 80 - 350 n / m
Ferritin, serum Male: 15- 200 ng/ ml
Female: 12- 150 n /ml
Fo llicle-stimulating hormone, serumfplasma Maki: 4 - 25 mlU/ml
Female: premenopause 4 - 30 mlU/ml - 30 LIil
midcyc1e peak 10-90 mlU/ml 10-90 U/l
ostmeno ause 40- 250 mlU/ml 0- 250 U/ L
ases. arterial blood room a ir
H H+- 36-44 nmolfl

• • luoose, serum

Gro\,1h hormone - arginine stimulation 5


Fasting: < ng/ ml
rovoca tive stimuli: > 7 n / ml
lmmun lobulins, serum
lgA 8- 390 /d l .78-3.90 /L
lgE 0- 380 IUlml
lgG
lgM
Iron
Lactate deh ro enase, serum 5-90 U/l
l uteinizing hormone, serumfplasma Male: G- 23 mlU/ml " - 23 U/L
Female: follicular phase 5- 30 mlUlml 5- 30 Ull
1

l===============================================~ ====================:::m
=kl=cyc=le=7=5=-=
15=0::mlUml _ __, _ 5-150 U
::/:::L======= =====
im
Previous Lab Values Review
File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 0 * "-;-' ◄• @• (100%) Mon 1:37 AM Q.
National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 33 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-AF.;sess,m ent 3 hr 28 min 18 sec

LABORATORY VALUES
"Included in the Biochemical Profile {SMA-12)
33. A 45-year-old man is
brought to the emergency BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM REFERENCE RANGE SI REFERENCE INTERVALS
department because of a 6- • tanine aminotransferase {Al T, GPT at 30 C) - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
hour history of severe mylase, serum 5- 125 U/l 5- 125 U/l
• spartete aminotransf erase (AST, GOT at 30 C - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
headache and confusion. Bilirubin, serum {adutt) Total // Dlrec t .1- 1.0 / dl II 0.0--0.3 / dl - 17 moVL II 0 - 5 moVL
He says that it is the worst )cium. serum ea 2-+ /d l .1 - 2.8 mmoVL
headache he has ever had. holesterol, serum
rtisol, serum
/d l 5.2 mmo!/l
800 h: 5- 23 1,.1 9/d l 138-635 nmoV l
He appears lethargic. His 1600 h: 3- 15 1,,19/d l 2-413 nmol'l
blood pressure is 130/80 000 h: < 50% of 0800 h Fraction of 0800 h: < 0 .50
reatine kinase. serum Male: 25~0 UIL 5-90 U/l
mm Hg. Physical Female: 10- 70 U/L 10- 70 U/L
examination shows nuchal rea tinine, serum .S - 1.2 /dl r:3- 106 mol'l
Electro es, serum
rigidity. A CT scan of the 138-145 mE /l 138-145 mmol' L
head without contrast is 5- 105 mE /L 5- 105 mmoVl
shown. Which of the .5-5.0 mE /l .5-5.0 mmoVl
following is the most likely Bicarbonate {HC03) 2- 28 mEq/L 2- 28 mmoVL

cause of this patient's Ma nesium t, 2+ 1.5•2.0 mmoVL


Estriol, total, serum in re nan
condition? 24- 28 wks // 32 - 36 wks 0- 170 n / ml // 80 - 280 n / m 104- 590 // 208-970 nmoVl
28- 32 wks II 38-40 wks 0 - 220 n / ml // 80 - 350 n / m
O A) Diffuse cerebral Fe rritin, serum Male: 15- 200 ng/ ml
Female: 12- 150 n /ml
edema Fo llicle-s.timutating hormone, serumfplasma Maki: 4 - 25 mlU/ml
O B) Hydrocephalus Female: premenopause 4 - 30 mlU/ml - 30 U/L
midcyc1e peak 10-90 mlU/ml 10-90 U/l
O C) Large mass in the ostmeno ause 40- 250 mlU/ml 0- 250 U/L
ases. arterial blood room a ir
posterior fossa H H+- 36-44 nmolfl
O D) Subarachnoid
hemorrhage
• • luoose, serum
0 E) Subdural
Gro\,1h hormone - arginine stimulation Fasting: < 5 ng/ ml
hematoma rovocative stimuli: > 7 n / ml
lmmun lobulins, serum
lgA 8- 390 /d l .78- 3.90 / L
lgE 0- 380 IUl ml
lgG
lgM
Iron
Lactate deh ro enase, serum 5-90 U/l
l ute inizing hormone, serumfplasma Male: G- 23 mlU/ml " - 23 U/L
Female: fo llicular phase 5- 30 mlUlml 5- 30 U/l
1
l== = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =~ = = = ==== = = = = = = = = = = = = ==m=kl=cyc
= le=7=5=- 1
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::/:::
L= = = = = == = = = = =

im
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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 34 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-AF.;sess,m ent 3 hr 27 min 43 sec

LABORATORY VALUES
34. A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his father because of behavioral "Included in the Biochemical Profile {SMA-12)
changes during the past month. He has been failing his classes at school and staying
out late at night. His father reports that the family moved to a new neighborhood BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM REFERENCE RANGE SI REFERENCE INTERVALS
• tanine aminotransferase {Al T, GPT at 30 C) - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
2 months ago, and that the local teenagers are "all drug addicts and criminals." His mylase, serum 5- 125 U/l 5- 125 U/l
pulse is 110/min, respirations are 24/min, and blood pressure is 140/85 mm Hg. spartete aminotransf erase (AST, GOT at 30 C - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
Physical examination shows pupillary dilation and diaphoresis. On mental status Bilirubin, serum {adutt) Total // Dlrec t .1-1.0 /dl II 0.0--0.3 /dl - 17 moVL II 0 - 5 moVL
)cium. serum ea 2-+ /d l .1 - 2.8 mmoVL
examination, his affect is agitated, and his thought process is confused. Intoxication with holesterol, serum /d l 5.2 mmo!/l
which of the following substances is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms? rtisol, serum 800 h: 5- 23 1,.1 9/d l 138-635 nmoV L
1600 h: 3- 15 1,,19/d l 2-413 nrnol'l
000 h: < 50% o f 0800 h Fraction of 0800 h: < 0 .50
O A) Alcohol reatine kinase. serum Male: 25-90 UIL 5-90 U/l
Female: 10- 70 U/L 10- 70 U/L
O B)Amphetamine rea tinine, serum .S - 1.2 / dl r:3- 106 mol'l
Electro es, serum
O C) Amyl nitrate 138-145 mE /l 138-145 mmol' L
0 D) Cannabis 5- 105 mE /L 5- 105 mmoVL
.5-5.0 mE / l .5-5.0 mmoVL
0 E) Heroin Bicarbonate {HC03) 2- 28 mEq/ L 2- 28 mmoVL
Ma nesium t, 2+ 1.5•2.0 mmoVL
Estriol, total, serum in re nan
24- 28 wks // 32 - 36 wks 0- 170 n / ml // 80 - 280 n / m 104- 590 // 208-970 nmoVL
28- 32 wks II 38-40 wks 0 - 220 n / ml // 80 - 350 n / m
Ferritin, serum Male: 15- 200 ng/ ml
Female: 12- 150 n /ml
Fo llicle-s.timutating hormone, serumfplasma Maki: 4 - 25 mlU/ml
Female: premenopause 4 - 30 mlU/ml - 30 LIil
midcyc1e peak 10-90 mlU/ml 10-90 U/l
ostmeno ause 40- 250 mlU/ml 0- 250 U/ L
ases. arterial blood room a ir
H H+- 36-44 nmolfl

• • luoose, serum

Gro\,1h hormone - arginine stimulation 5


Fasting: < ng/ ml
rovoca tive stimuli: > 7 n / ml
lmmun lobulins, serum
lgA 8- 390 /d l .78-3.90 /L
lgE
lgG
lgM
Iron
Lactate deh ro enase, serum 5-90 U/l
l uteinizing hormone, serumfplasma Male: G- 23 mlU/ml " - 23 U/L
Female: follicular phase 5- 30 mlUlml 5- 30 Ull
1
l============================================~ ====================m
=kl=cyc
=le=75=-=
15=0::mlUml _ _ _, _ 5-150 U
:::/=L=============:
im
Previous Lab Values Review
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National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 35 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-AF.;sess,m ent 3 hr 25 min 28 sec

LABORATORY VALUES
35. A 70-year-old man comes to the physician because of a rash for 7 days. Physical "Included in the Biochemical Profile {SMA-12)
examination shows multiple 4- to 6-cm tense bullae filled with clear fluid over the inner
aspects of the forearms, lower abdomen, groin, and thighs. Examination of a skin biopsy BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM REFERENCE RANGE SI REFERENCE INTERVALS
• tanine aminotransferase {Al T, GPT at 30 C) - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
specimen shows a non-acantholytic blister with separation of the epidermis from the mylase, serum 5- 125 U/l 5- 125 U/l
basement membrane. Serologic studies are most likely to show an autoantibody • spartete aminotransf erase (AST, GOT at 30 C - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
directed against which of the following? Bilirubin, serum {adutt) Total // Dlrec t .1-1.0 /dl II 0.0--0.3 /dl - 17 moVL II 0 - 5 moVL
)cium. serum ea 2-+ /d l .1 - 2.8 mmoVL
holesterol, serum /d l 5.2 mmo!/l
O A) Anchoring filaments rtisol, serum 800 h: 5- 23 1,.19/d l 138-635 nmoV L
1600 h: 3- 15 1,,19/d l 2-413 nrnol'l
O B) Collagen, type IV 000 h: < 50% of 0800 h Fraction of 0800 h: < 0 .50
reatine kinase. serum Male: 25-90 UIL 5-90 U/l
O C) Desmosomal proteins Female: 10- 70 U/L 10- 70 U/L
rea tinine, serum .S - 1.2 / dl r:3- 106 mol'L
O D) Hemidesmosomal proteins Electro es, serum
O E) Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 138-145 mE /l 138-145 mmol' L
5- 105 mE /L 5- 105 mmoVL
.5-5.0 mE / L .5-5.0 mmoVL
Bicarbonate {HC03) 2- 28 mEq/ L 2- 28 mmoVL
Ma nesium t, 2+ 1.5•2.0 mmoVL
Estriol, total, serum in re nan
24- 28 wks // 32 - 36 wks 0- 170 n / ml // 80 - 280 n / m 104- 590 // 208-970 nmoVL
28- 32 wks II 38-40 wks 0 - 220 n / ml // 80 - 350 n / m
Ferritin, serum Male: 15- 200 ng/ ml
Female: 12- 150 n /ml
Follicle-s.timutating hormone, serumfplasma Maki: 4 - 25 mlU/ml
Female: premenopause 4 - 30 mlU/ml - 30 LIil
midcyc1e peak 10-90 mlU/ml 10-90 U/l
ostmeno ause 40- 250 mlU/ml 0- 250 U/ L
ases. arterial blood room a ir
H H+- 36-44 nmolfl

• • luoose, serum

Gro\,1h hormone - arginine stimulation 5


Fasting: < ng/ ml
rovoca tive stimuli: > 7 n / ml
lmmun lobulins, serum
lgA 8- 390 /d l .78-3.90 /L
lgE 0- 380 IUlml
lgG
lgM
Iron
Lactate deh ro enase, serum 5-90 U/l
l uteinizing hormone, serumfplasma Male: G- 23 mlU/ml " - 23 U/L
Female: follicular phase 5- 30 mlUlml 5- 30 Ull
1

l===============================================~ ====================:::m
=kl=cyc=le=7=5=-=
15=0::mlU ml _ __,,_5-150 U
::/:::L======= =====
im
Previous Lab Values Review
File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 0 * "-;-' ◄• @• (100%) Mon 1:41 AM Q.
National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 36 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-AF.;sess,m ent 3 hr 24 min 7 sec

LABORATORY VALUES
36. A 24-year-old man comes to the physician with his 25-year-old wife because they have "Included in the Biochemical Profile {SMA-12)
been unable to conceive for 3 years. The wife has been evaluated for infertility, and the
test results were normal. Analysis of the man's semen shows normal numbers of living BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM REFERENCE RANGE SI REFERENCE INTERVALS
• tanine aminotransferase {Al T, GPT at 30 C) - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
sperm but they are immotile. In addition to infertility, this man is most likely to have which mylase, serum 5- 125 U/l 5- 125 U/l
of the following associated conditions? • spartete aminotransf erase (AST, GOT at 30 C - 20 U/L - 20 U/L
Bilirubin, serum {adutt) Total // Dlrec t .1-1.0 /dl II 0.0--0.3 /dl - 17 moVL II 0 - 5 moVL

O A) Cholelithiasis )cium. serum ea 2-+ /d l .1 - 2.8 mmoVL


holesterol, serum /d l 5.2 mmo!/l
rtisol, serum
O B) Coronary artery disease 800 h: 5- 23 1,.19/d l
1600 h: 3- 15 1,,19/d l
138-635 nmoV L
2-413 nrnol'l
O C) Fat malabsorption reatine kinase. serum
000 h: < 50% of 0800 h
Male: 25-90 UIL
Fraction of 0800 h: < 0 .50
5-90 U/l
O D) Glomerulonephritis Female: 10- 70 U/L 10- 70 U/L
rea tinine, serum .-S- 1.2 / dl r:3- 106 mol'l
O E) Sinusitis Electro es, serum
138-145 mE /l 138-145 mmol' L
5- 105 mE /L 5- 105 mmoVL
.5-5.0 mE / l .5-5.0 mmoVL
Bicarbonate {HC03) 2- 28 mEq/ L 2- 28 mmoVL
Ma nesium t, 2+ 1.5•2.0 mmoVL
Estriol, total, serum in re nan
24- 28 wks // 32 - 36 wks 0- 170 n / ml // 80 - 280 n / m 104- 590 // 208-970 nmoVL
28- 32 wks // 38-40 wks 0 - 220 n / ml // 80 - 350 n / m
Ferritin, serum Male: 15- 200 ng/ ml
Female: 12- 150 n /ml
Fo llicle-stimulating hormone, serumfplasma Maki: 4 - 25 mlU/ml
Female: premenopause 4 - 30 mlU/ml - 30 LIil
midcyc1e peak 10-90 mlU/ml 10-90 U/l
ostmeno ause 40- 250 mlU/ml 0- 250 U/ L
ases. arterial blood room a ir
H H+- 36-44 nmolfl

• • luoose, serum

Gro\,1h hormone - arginine stimulation 5


Fasting: < ng/ ml
rovoca tive stimuli: > 7 n / ml
lmmun lobulins, serum
lgA 8- 390 /d l .78-3.90 /L
lgE 0- 380 IUlml
lgG
lgM
Iron
Lactate deh ro enase, serum 5-90 U/l
l uteinizing hormone, serumfplasma Male: G- 23 mlU/ml " - 23 U/L
Female: follicular phase 5- 30 mlUlml 5- 30 Ull
1

l===============================================~ ====================:::m
=kl=cyc=le=7=5=-=
15=0::mlUml _ __,,_5-150 U
::/:::L======= =====
im
Previous Lab Values Review
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Exam Section 2: Item 37 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 21 min 18 sec

37. An autopsy is done on a 46-year-old woman who died of adenocarcinoma of the colon. Examination of the neck shows a
5-cm, rounded mass next to the bifurcation of the carotid artery. A section of the mass is shown in the photomicrograph.
lmmunohistochemistry of the section isipositive for synaptoi:1hysin, chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase. Electron
microscopy shows numerous electron-dense, membrane-bound neurosecretory granules. Examination of the adrenal glands
shows no masses. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
O A) Metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma
O B) Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
O C) Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland
O D) Paraganglioma
O E) Parathyroid adenoma

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Exam Section 2: Item 38 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 19 min 10 sec

38. A 25-year-old man with cystic fibrosis comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, cough, and progressive shortness of breath. His temperature is 38°C (100.4°F), and
respirations are 32/min. Bilateral crackles and rhonchi are heard on auscultation of the chest. A nutrient agar plate seeded with bronchial secretions grows an aerobic, oxidase-positive,
gram-negative rod that forms slimy colonies and produces pyocyanin. The organism does not ferment lactose. Treatment with multiple appropriate antibiotics has not led to eradication of the
causal organism. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the persistent colonization of this patient by this organism?

O A) Bacteriophage superinfection
O B) Biofilm formation in the lower respiratory tract
O C) Overgrowth of acapsular strains
O D) Pyocyanin synthesis
O E) Synthesis of exotoxin A

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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 39 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 17 min 23 sec

39. A 57-year-old man dies of a myocardial infarction. At autopsy, examination of lung tissue shows alveoli containing epithelial cells that are cuboidal in shape with electron dense lamellar
bodies 1-2 µ in diameter. These cells most likely produce which of the following?

O A) Collagen, type I
O B) Epinephrine
0 C) Histamine
O D)lgG
O E) Surfactant

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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 40 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 15 min 55 sec

40. A 55-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 45 minutes after he collapsed at home. His pulse is 120/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 80/45 mm Hg.
Physical examination shows no other abnormalities. His hemoglobin concentration is 8 g/dl, hematocrit is 24%,, and platelet count is 240,000/mm 3. Endoscopy shows a bleeding duodenal
ulcer, which is surgically repaired. He receives 4 units of packed red blood cells. Two days later, laboratory studies show:
Hemoglobin 10 g/dl
Hematocrit 30%,
Serum
Urea nitrogen 70 mg/dl
Creatinine 3 mg/dl
Urine
Blood absent
Sediment granular casts
Volume 100 ml/24 h
Total protein 100 mg/24 h
Sodium 50 mEq/L
Fractional excretion of sodium 2.5%
Osmolality 300 mOsmol/kg H 20

Two weeks later, the urine sediment is clear and renal function is normal. Histologic examination of a renal biopsy specimen is most likely to show which of the following at this time?

O A) Coagulation necrosis
O B) Collagen scar
O C) Granulation tissue
O D) Lymphocytic infiltrate and fibrogenesis
O E) Regenerating tubular epithelial cells

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Exam Section 2: Item 41 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 15 min 31 sec

41 . Twenty subjects participate in a study of cardiopulmonary physiology. The pulmonary circulation of these subjects most likely has which of the following characteristics compared with their
bronchial circulation?

O A) Greater number of branches supplying the visceral pleura


O B) Larger number of anastomoses with the intercostal arteries
O C) Larger percentage of cardiac output
O D) Larger volume of nutrient blood to the conducting airways
O E) Lower-volume, higher-pressure system

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Exam Section 2: Item 42 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 12 min 25 sec

42. An otherwise healthy 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not had a menstrual period for 2 months. Menarche occurred at the age of 14 years, and menses had
occurred at regular 28-day intervals. Pelvic examination shows blue-tinged vaginal mucosa. The uterus is somewhat soft in the lower segment and is about the size of an orange. The
adnexa are nontender with normal-sized ovaries. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step to establish the diagnosis?

O A) Measurement of serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentration


O B) Measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration
O C) Measurement of urine 13-human chorionic gonadotropin concentration
O D) Ultrasonography of the pelvis
O E) Endometrial biopsy

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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 44 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 10 min 21 sec

44. A 16-year-old boy has a 6-month history of type 1 diabetes mellitus and requires daily insulin injections. His blood glucose control has been poor recently, which the physician suspects may
be related to the patient's reluctance to self-administer insulin. Which of the following questions is most appropriate to broach this issue with the patient?

O A) "Giving yourself insulin injections can be difficult. What's it like for you?"
O B) "I get the feeling you have not been taking your insulin regularly. Would you like me to arrange some training for you by our nurses?"
O C) "It's been my experience that most poorly controlled diabetics have trouble giving themselves insulin. Do you have this problem?"
O D) "You are clearly having difficulty with insulin injections. Would you like to arrange for a family member to give you your shots?"
O E) "You seem to have missed your shots. How often has this happened?"

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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 45 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 9 min 1 sec

45. A 29-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 2-week history of a green nasal discharge and cough. He has a past history of frequent respiratory tract illnesses
and pneumonia. The mother states that her son has a 6-month history of large, foul-smelling stools and a salty taste when she kisses him. There is no family history of a similar condition. He
is at the 5th percentile for height and below the 3rd percentile for weight. His temperature is 38.3°C (1 00.9°F). Abdominal examination shows distention. Genetic testing shows a mutation in
the Phe residue at position 508 in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Which of the following types of modification is required prior to destruction of misfolded
proteins in this patient's proteasomes?

O A) Dimerization
O B) Glycosylation
O C) Phosphorylation
0 D) Sulfation
O E) Ubiquitination

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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 46 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment

46. A 40-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of difficulty maintaining an erection during sexual intercourse. He has consumed½ L of bourbon daily for 15 years.
His pulse is 88/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Examination shows scleral icterus and spider angiomata over the trunk. The liver span is 5 to 6 cm in the midclavicular line. The
spleen tip is palpated 5 to 6 cm below the left costal margin. Decreased serum concentrations of which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's erectile dysfunction?

0 A) Estradiol
0 B) Estrone
O C) Follicle-stimulating hormone
O 0) Human chorionic gonadotropin
O E) Luteinizing hormone
O F) Testosterone

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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 47 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 7 min 42 sec

47. A previously healthy 40-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after the sudden onset of severe pain in his left leg while playing tennis. He is found to have ruptured
the left Achilles tendon and undergoes operative repair and long leg cast immobilization. Six months later, the left calf shows a 2-cm decrease in circumference compared with the right calf.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of this decrease?

O A) Decreased glycogen synthesis


O B) Decreased myosin light chain phosphatase activity
O C) Increased phosphatidyl degradation
O D) Increased protein degradation
O E) Mitochondria damage
O F) Necrosis of muscle fibers

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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 49 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 5 min 13 sec

49. A previously healthy 42-year-old Asian woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 24-hour history of nausea, vomiting, and progressive lethargy. She has smoked 1 pack
of cigarettes daily for 25 years and drinks four glasses of wine daily. She uses high-dose acetaminophen daily for headaches. She does not use illicit drugs. She is 155 cm (5 ft 1 in) tall and
weighs 50 kg (1 10 lb}; BMI is 21 kg/m 2. She is responsive to painful stimuli. Initial laboratory studies show increased hepatic aminotransferase. Which of the following effects of alcohol most
likely contributed to this patient's condition?

O A) Decreased generation of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine


O B) Increased glucuronidation
O C) Increased hepatic glutathione stores
O D) Increased sulfation
O E) Induction of cytochrome P450

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eoo National Board of Medical Examiners

Exam Section 2: Item 50 of 50 National Board of Medical Examiners Time Remaining:


■ Mark Comprehensive Basic Science Self-Assessment 3 hr 3 min 36 sec

50. A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not been able to conceive for 5 years. Previous fertility examinations of her husband showed no abnormalities. Menses occur
at regular 28-day intervals. Her blood pressure is 110170 mm Hg. Physical and pelvic examinations show no abnormalities. Hysterosalpingography shows normal findings. Her serum
hormone concentrations are within the reference range. Which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient's infertility?

O A) Bromocriptine
O B) Clomiphene
O C) Diethylstilbestrol
O D) Ethinyl estradiol
O E) Medroxyprogesterone

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