SOCIAL SCIENCE

"MAHENDRA VARMAN-II" 9th

→ Babur was born at Fargana; he was a descendent of Taimur.
→ Babur defeated Rana Sanga in Battle of Khanwa 1527 AD.
→ Babur wrote his autobiography in Turkish 'Tuzukh-e-Babri'.
→ Abul Rahim Khanekhana translated it in Persian as "Babarnama".
→ Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in Battle of Chausa in 1539.
→ Sher Shah Suri issued silver coin called 'Rupaiya'.
→ He constructed old royal road from Kolkata to Peshawar also known as Grand trunk road.
→ Sher Shah Suri died at Kalinjer fort.
→ Bairam Khan crowned Akbar king at Kalanour in 1556 AD at the age of 13 years.
→ Second Battle of Panipat 1556 AD, Akbar and Adilshah Suri's Commander 'Hemu'.
→ In 1562-Abolition of Slavery, 1563-Abolished Pilgrimage tax 1564-Abolished Jaziya by Akbar.
→ Jahangir married to Noorjahan.
→ Taj Mahal, Red Ford, Moti Masjid and Tajul Masjid (Bhopal) was built by Shahjahan.
→ Darashikoh, Murad Baksh, Shahshuja, Aurangzeb – son of Shahjahan.
→ Maratha Empire and Sikh Empire rose to power during Aurangzeb's reign.
→ Rani Durgawati was Gondwana princess which gave tough resistance to Mughal forces.
→ Maharana Pratap was the ruler of Mewar, he was the son of Udaisingh.
→ People of hilly region addressed Maharana Pratap as 'Kika'.
→ Battle of Haldighati was fought between Akbar (Mansingh) and Maharana Pratap on 21st June 1576.
→ Maharana Pratap died on 19th Jan 1597 AD.
→ Rani Durgawati was married to the king of Garha, Dalpat Shah.
→ Veernarayan was minor son of Rani Durgawati.
→ Asaf Khan, Mughal commander attacked Garha in 1564 AD.
→ Chatrapati Shivaji was born on 20 April 1627 AD in hilly fort of Shivner in Maharashtra.
Mother's Name- Jeejabai, Father- Shahji Bhonsle, Guardian- Dadaji Kondder
His mentor- Samarth Ramdas, he wrote "Dasbodh".
→ Shivaji attacked Toran fort in 1646 AD, Sultan of Bijapur sent Afzal Khan to kill Shivaji. Shivaji killed him
with Baghnakha.
→ Treaty of Purandhar (1665 AD) :- Jaisingh and Shivaji.
→ Shivaji became Chhtrapati in 1674.
→ Court :- Astapradhan (Peshwa was important in them)
→ First Guru :- Guru Nanak Dev - founder of Sikh religion.
→ Last Guru :- Guru Gobind Singh.
→ Fifth Guru :- Arjun Dev, executed by Jehangir, (Sikh-Mughal rivalry started)
→ Ninth Guru :- Guru Teg Bahadur executed by Aurangzeb.
→ Guru Gobind Singh established 'Khalsa' sect in 1699 AD.
→ Five K's :- Kada (Bangle), Kripan (Sword), Kesh (Hair), Kachha (Under pant), Kangha (Comb), Singh-male,
Kaur-female.
→ Reasons for the collapse of Mughal dynasty :-  Aurangzeb policies and war,  Excessive taxes,
 Vastness of Empire,  Revolts of chieftains,  War of succession,  Moral decline of Mughal rules,
 Religious policy,  Rise of Hindu powers
→ Ramayan – Maharishi Valmiki, Mahabharat – Vedvyas
→ Tripitika – Vinay Pitika, Sutta Pitika (In Auguntar Nikaya list of 16 Mahajanpad is mentioned), Abhidhamma
Pitika.
→ Varahamihir – Vrihta Sahita, Nagasena – "Milind Panha" (Questions of Milind) (Meander in Greek)

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[2] Mahendra Varman-II SOCIAL SCIENCE

→ The introduction of the principle of zero and decimal system is to the credit of mathematicians of Gupta
period.
→ Harshvardhan wrote sanskrit plays – Naganand, Ratnawali, Priyadarshika.
→ Mahendra Varman I Wrote a book "Matvilas Prahsan"
→ Paintings of Buddha period can be traced in Bagh caves in MP (Dhar district), Pillars – Sarnath, Prayag,
Kaushambhi.
→ Cave edicts – Barabara, Nagarjun (Bihar).
→ Sanchi (Raisen district), Ajanta Caves – 16, 17, 19 – Gupta period.
→ Udaigiri Caves (Vidisha district, MP), Iron pillar – Mehrauli.
→ Khajuraho – Chandella rulers, Kandariya Mahadev – Khajuraho
→ Dilwara temple – Mt. Abu
→ Gandhara art was developed near Pushkalavati, Taxila, Purushpur (Peshawar)
→ Sungas and Satvahanas constructed the gateways and pillars at Sanchi and Barhut.
→ Gandhara art and Mathura art was developed during Kushana period.
→ Malik Mohammad Jayasi wrote Padmavat.
→ Mughal paintings were started during the rule of Humayun.
→ Jehangir's period is known as golden period of Mughal paintings.
→ Quwat-ul-Islam in Delhi was constructed 1139 AD.
→ Raja Mansingh Palace – Gwalior, Jaisingh Palace – Jaipur.
→ Amir Khusro wrote Noor Siphr. Tansen was among nine gems in Akbar's court.
→ Akbar Works :- Fatehpur Sikri's – Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, Agra Fort, Palace of Jodhabai, Panch Mahal
and Buland Darwaza.
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FIITJEE Ltd., Indore Centre: 27, 2nd Floor, Scheme No -54, PU -3, Opp. Orbit Mall, A.B. Road, Indore
Phone:0731-4274702, 4044447, 4274763; Website: www.fiitjee.com