ABSTRACT

This paper introduces a modified

management system for smart electrical energy meter. The proposed smart meter has
feature to inform the consumer about energy consumption, this feature serves energy
consumption reduction by self-awareness of real consumption. The other important
feature is to eliminating the difficulties by direct contact by employee and consumer
to getting the reading of the conventional meter and also reduction of error in bill.
The proposal system consists of two parts: client’s side part (the prepaid meters in
consumer houses) and server side (electrical sub-station). The client part consists of
an RFID reader, credit cards, GSM network, pic microcontroller and electronic
meter. The system operates with high accuracy which could tell the user the amount
of energy consumed at any moment and these results the user will be urged to
rationalize energy consumption.

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 CONTENTS

PAGE
SL.NO CONTENTS
NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 6
2 EXISTING SYSTEM 7
3 PROPOSED SYSTEM 8
4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 9
5 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 10
6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 16
7 WORKING 17
8 FLOW CHART 18
9 ADVANTAGES 19
10 LIMITATIONS 20
11 FUTURE SCOPE 21
12 CONCLUSION 22
13 REFERENCE 23

2
 INTRODUCTION

The prepaid energy meter may not be

familiar in Iraq though it has been used in numerous countries. This system designed
for the customer's to control of the amount of energy consumption and electrical
bills. This system also gives to the customer used electricity through his own bill
and that advantageous in some cases such as moving house, hotel and flat. This paper
aimed to develop the prepaid metering system by using GSM and RFID
technologies. The current energy meter that depends on RFID technology have
employ (read) types of RFID systems to activate the energy meter and supply power
to the consumer. The prepaid cards are used for a different range (i.e. Rs. 50, Rs.
100, Rs. 20 etc.) and energy meter used to which the number of charging unit that
be loaded. M. Haque, et al., in 2011 proposed a single phase electronic prepaid
energy meter by using two microcontrollers and IC energy meter. The consumption
of energy is calculated using the output pulses of the energy meter IC and the internal
counter of microcontroller. A microcontroller is used as a smarts cards and the
number of unit recharged by the consumer is written in it. M. Rahman, et al., in 2015
proposed an advanced metering and billing system based on Arduino and GSM with
smart energy meter, it can read and send data by wireless protocol using GSM
technology through GSM modem, also it can manage the meter and the line
connection.

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 EXISTING SYSTEM DESIGN

In existing system either an electronic energy meter or an electro-mechanical

meter is fixed in the premise for measuring the usage. The meters currently in use
are only capable of recording kWh units. The kWh units used then still have to
be recorded by meter readers monthly, on foot. The recorded data need to be
processed by a meter reading company. For processing the meter reading,
company needs to firstly link each recorded power usage datum to an account
holder and then determine the amount owed by means of the specific tariff in use.
The present power usage reading is made manually by moving to the consumer
locations. This requires large number of labour operators and long working hours
to accomplish the task. Manual billing is sometimes restricted and delayed by bad
weather conditions. The printed billing also has the tendency of getting lost.

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 PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN

The designed system uses the GSM technology and prepaid card represented by
RFID card for the wireless collecting of the energy data of the consumers. This
requires use special type of the energy meters to compatible with the proposed
system. The system work depends on the number of electrical pulses that directly
proportion to the increasing of consumption. The calculated number of pulses
consumed is transferred to Arduino microcontroller, which is provided with liquid
crystal display (LCD) to show consumption and EEPROM to keep consumer data
when the power is shutdown. The server part consists of GSM and Arduino
compatible. The database has a table of three fields: identity, authenticity and
credit. The RFID reader reads the cards ID and sends it to the server through the
GSM. The server checks the validation of that ID in the database and updates its
information if necessary then sends back that information. The microcontroller
receives the information and takes an action based on it. The credit will be
decreased when the consumer uses power. If the credit is equal to zero the relay
will open and electricity will be off, and while the credit is greater than zero the
relay will be on close state and electricity will be on.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig: - 1 Block Diagram

6
 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. RFID System
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) now day is the wildly
uses as wireless sensor system. Each RFID
tag in the system is assigned a unique ID
(UID).The MFRC522 is a highly integrated
RFID reader for use in contactless
communications at 13.56MHz and is
designed by NXP for low power
consumption, low cost and compact size read
and write chips that are best developed in smart meters and portable hand-developed
Select Handheld..

2. PIC 16F877A

Microcontroller PIC16F877A is one of the PICMicro Family microcontroller which

is popular at this moment, start from beginner until all professionals. Because very
easy using PIC16F877Aand use FLASH memory technology so that can be write-
erase until thousand times. The superiority this Risc Microcontroller compared to
with other microcontroller 8-bit especially at a speed of and his code compression.

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PIC 16F877A PIN DIAGRAM

Fig: - 2 PIC16F877A Pin Diagram

PIC16F877A FEATURES

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CPU 8-bit PIC

Number of Pins 40

Operating Voltage (V) 2 to 5.5 V

Number of I/O pins 33

ADC Module 8ch, 10-bit

Timer Module 8-bit (2), 16-bit

(1)

Comparators 2

DAC Module Nil

External Oscillator Up to 20Mhz

Internal Oscillator Nil

Program Memory (KB) 14KB

CPU Speed (MIPS) 5 MIPS

RAM Bytes 368

Data EEPROM 256 tes

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3. Electronic energy meter

The energy meter used in proposed

system is LUNA single phase
electronic meter standard compliant
active energy measuring with meter
constant 1000 imp/KW. Shockproof
and high temperature resistant
elegant design is suitable for all
installation housings

4. GSM SIM 900 module

GPRS Shield is based on the SIM900 module

SIMCOM is also compatible with PIC and its
clones. GPRS Shield provides you with a means
of communication GSM mobile phone network.
Just Insert this module into the Arduino board
and insert the SIM card Provide GPRS coverage
and follow from the operator several Simple
instructions start by controlling your world the
Internet.

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 5. Liquid Crystal Display

LCD (Liquid crystal display) screen is an electronic display module and find a
wide range of
applications. A 16*2
LCD display is very
basic module and is very
commonly used in
various devices and
circuits. These modules
are preferred over 7
segments and other multi
segment LEDs. The
reasons being LCDs are economical: easily programmable have no limitation of
displaying special and even custom characters, animations and so on.

Pin Description

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 6. Relay
The relay is an electric switch. Many relays are used the electromagnet mechanically
operates the switch, but others principles of
operation such as solid-state relays are also used.
The relay is used where it is necessary to pass a
control circuit Low power signal, or where several
circuits are necessary by a signal control.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 WORKING

The proposed model has the PIC microcontroller

as Central Processing Unit. The whole system is interfaced with PIC
microcontroller. The GSM modem and RFID reader is serially connected with the
controller which is the major communication module between User and provider.
The RFID card is serially connected to GSM Module, only when the RFID tag is
authenticated by the RFID reader then only will the process starts. The GSM uses
its own network for the transfer of information. The relay acts as switching device
to cut off and restore power supply. The LCD is interfaced to microcontroller using
parallel port connection. In this project the Microcontroller based system
continuously records the readings and the live meter reading can be sent to the
Electricity department on request. This system also can be used to disconnect the
power supply to the house in case of non-payment of electricity bills. A dedicated
GSM modem with SIM card is required for each energy meter. The microcontroller
pulls the SMS received by phone, decodes it, recognizes the Mobile no. and then
switches on the relays attached to its port to control the appliances. After successful
operation, controller sends back the acknowledgement to the user’s mobile through
SMS. The coding emphasis the fact that it reduces human labour but increases the
efficiency in calculation of bills for used electricity. The user will have a universal
number and they can recharge outlets of electricity board. The acknowledgement of
recharged coupon detail will come to notice of the consumer and also will get
displayed in LCD module. So, this process will bring a solution of creating
awareness on unnecessary wastage of power and will tend to reduce wastage of
power. This module will reduce the burden of energy providing bye stablishing the
connection easily and no theft of power will take place. The LCD display will display
the used amount and balance amount that can be us.

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FLOW CHART

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 ADVANTAGES

• Prepaid electricity comes with the advantage of managing your energy

consumption. When you pay for energy you can afford at that particular
moment, you are able to limit your usage so that it lasts for the period you
want.

• · The meters make it possible for you to tell when you are misusing your
energy, hence you can easily come up with measures that cut on your
consumption.

• They make it even easier for homeowners to tell how energy efficient new
and existing appliances are so they can make any necessary changes.

• The prepaid option saves you from unexpected high bills. This is because
you only use what you have paid for and you therefore do not have to worry
about the bills at the end of the month.

• Help the electricity department by reducing the number of labour cost.

• His provide high efficiency

• It is consumer friendly and cost effective

• Consumer can monitor his/her usage

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 LIMITATIONS

• Most of the prepayment meters are single rate, meaning that you pay the
same for electricity and gas regardless of what time you use it. It is a plan
that can therefore be more expensive in terms of energy supply.

• The meters can sometimes be inconveniencing because you need to be keen

and have at all times to avoid disconnection when you least expect. This
means that you need to have everything in order even when you are sick to
avoid disconnection.

• You must keep your account balance above the disconnection balance,
otherwise your service may get cut off.

• You will have to TOP UP more often when the weather is hotter outside.

• They may be expensive than any other type.

• Due to the pulses from load there is more chance in noises, due to which
there is probability to change the server or user mobile number.

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 FUTURE SCOPE

 The mini printer can be interfaced to get a printed bill or detailed billing.
 Remote recharging can be implemented through wireless network.
 Software can be used to view the balance on request.
 The above proposed prepaid meter could further be improved by designing
an IOT based centralized web server, where the electricity department as
well as user can check status power usage and consumption remotely.
 Android based application can be designed where the user can securely have
access of his/her database.

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 CONCLUSION

Designed and implemented the prototype of

electricity prepaid metering system used RFID and GSM technologies as recharging
and communication methods are achieved. The system provided low cost, high
performance, high accuracy. Each client is connected with server by wireless
network is used for transmitting the card’s ID and its information between the client
and the server. All card information will be stored in a database in the server. The
server receives cards’ ID from clients and accesses the database to check their
validity. The system has a high capability for connecting and synchronizing with any
external network without changing the use setting. The main contribution of this
paper is that the system work depends on the number of electrical pulses that directly
proportion to the increasing of consumption in the same microcontroller that
interfaces with the GSM and supported with prepaid card represented by RFID card
for the wireless collecting of the energy data of the consumers in addition to crystal
display (LCD) to monitoring the consumption, this feature optimized the smart meter
by the reduction the size of system and the cost of manufacturing.

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 REFERENCE

 K. Ahsan, H. Shah and P. Kingston, "RFID Applications: An Introductory

and Exploratory Study," IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science
Issues, vol. 7, no. 3, 2010.

 R.Teymourzadeh, M. Iwan and A. Abueida, "RFID-BASED Prepaid Power

Meter," in IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development
(SCOReD), Putrajaya, Malaysia, 16 -17 December 2013.

 H. Huang, "The Read Only RFID Reader Implementation vol," IEEE Transl.
Wireless Transducers. UK, vol. 5, pp. 40–71, p. 30, June 2005.

 S.Ganurkar and P. Gour, "Prepaid Energy Meter for Billing System Using
Microcontroller and Recharge Card", International Journal Of Core
Engineering and Management (IJCEM), Vol.1, Issue 1, Abril 2014.

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