Figure 3-4, Procoss macs balance. ‘Sludge Yild Without Primary Claifcation ‘Sludge Production, a Solids Retention Time, days ‘Sludge Vield With Primary Clarification °c. 2080. sore: 00/800, = 1520 12 ‘788/800, = 0: Primary Treotment @ 60% TSS Removal 30% Inet in Pa Eftuent TSS Bee eeee ‘Sludge Production, y, Ib TSS/Ib BOD, Rem BAOSOET TE2 3 ABCTEDIO TS 2) DDD Solids Rototion Tima, dave this procedure effectively with minor changes in the design approach and negligible additional costs. Where the primary clarifier must serve a dual function of clarifying the wastewater as well as delivering a concentrated sludge for digestion or dewatering, the ‘conventional primary clarifier design configuration is inappropriate. This is particularly true for primary clarifiers in smaller plants, where it may be necessary to have 1.6-2.0 days SRT in the clarifier to croate a 1.0 to 1.5 m (8-5 ft) sludge blanket above the sludge withdrawal pipe. The build-up of sludge to produce a thicker underflow interferes with Clarification (lower efficiency) and sometimes results in gasification, odors, and tloating sludges. However, in the new plants there is an easy remedy for this problem. Construct the smaller clarifiers with the standard thickener floor slope of 2.78:12. In larger dlarifiers, use a dual slope clarifier where the inner slope of 2.76:12 is the thickening zone and the outer zone is 1:12. On a primary clarifier, only 40-50 percent of the diameter would be required for sludge thickening; thus it is sufficient to modify the floor slope at mid-radius. Figure 3-5 shows the types of clarifier floor configurations of which only three are suitable for efficient combined clarification and thickening. Type A is the design most commonly employed, but it iS not suitable for combined clarification and thickening. Types B, C and D all can provide much better performance in terms of thickened sludge Concentrations and lowest sludge inventory; hence, they provide freshest sludge and highest flexibility in terms of sludge removal and ease of operation, Pertinent dimensions for a 30 ft diameter and 80 ft diameter primary clarifier-thickener are also shown in Table 3-2, Process data used’ to construct the sludge level in Table 3-2 are provided below. Underflow concentrations were based ‘on general experiences with sludge thickening, RPS @ 120 mgf WAS @ 80 mgi Total = 1,000 ib TSSimgd 667 Ib TSSimgd 7,667 Ib TSSimgd 8.1 m (30 f) diameter @ 1.36 m3/m2d (800 galisq fi: TSSq (TSS removed) = 943 Ib TSSid 24 m (80 tt) diameter @ 32.6 mim2d (800 galisq tay TSSR = 6,706 lb TSSid Sludge blanket depth in small clarifiers is a two-fold problem in units with the 1:12 floor slope. As shown in Table 3-2, the 1.0 day SRT sludge depth is only