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  • B and T Cells: Require Antigen Presenting Cell

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    Drbee10
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    B and T cells have receptors that bind antigens. B cell receptors are made up of a variable region that binds antigens and a constant region that determines the receptor's function. B cell receptors can bind anything while T cell receptors only bind peptides. B cells can recognize and respond to antigens independently but T cells require antigen presenting cells. Both B and T cells undergo rearrangement of gene segments to generate a diverse repertoire of receptors, and B cells additionally undergo somatic hypermutation and class switching in germinal centers.

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    B and T cells review

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    B and T cells

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    B and T cells have receptors that bind antigens. B cell receptors are made up of a variable region that binds antigens and a constant region that determines the receptor's function. B cell receptors can bind anything while T cell receptors only bind peptides. B cells can recognize and respond to antigens independently but T cells require antigen presenting cells. Both B and T cells undergo rearrangement of gene segments to generate a diverse repertoire of receptors, and B cells additionally undergo somatic hypermutation and class switching in germinal centers.

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    24 views2 pages

    B and T Cells: Require Antigen Presenting Cell

    Uploaded by

    Drbee10
    B and T cells have receptors that bind antigens. B cell receptors are made up of a variable region that binds antigens and a constant region that determines the receptor's function. B cell receptors can bind anything while T cell receptors only bind peptides. B cells can recognize and respond to antigens independently but T cells require antigen presenting cells. Both B and T cells undergo rearrangement of gene segments to generate a diverse repertoire of receptors, and B cells additionally undergo somatic hypermutation and class switching in germinal centers.

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    of 2

    B and T cells

    - Carboxy terminus of receptors goes into the membrane


    - N terminus binds antigen

    B cells
    -Idiotype : Variable region binds antigen ( N terminus) = heavy and light chain
    - Isotype : constant region that determines FUNCTION (C terminus) = heavy only

    B cell T cell
    MATURE naïve B cell: IgM and IgD on same T cell receptor ( alpha and beta)
    cell
    - receptor valency 2 minimum -Valency 1
    - receptor is flexible bc of HINGE region - not flexible bc no hinge
    formed from disulfide bonds
    Can secrete = antibodies Receptors ALWAYS CELL BOUND
    Receptors bind everything Receptors only bind PEPTIDES
    Bind it by themselves Require antigen presenting cell
    Signal Transduction for cascade
    Ig-α and Ig-β two on each side, CD19, CD20 CD3
    Heavy chain (VDJ) + Tdt Beta chain (VDJ) + Tdt
    Light chain ( VJ) Alpha chain ( VJ) + Tdt
    Self limited by FAS (Activation induced
    cell death)

    Production of chains B and T cell receptor


    Chain production
     The recombinase ( RAG 1 and RAG2) rearrange genes
    -VDJ a) D-J b) V-DJ
    - VJ
     Then transcription
     Then Alternative splicing for the different isotypes ( after the antigen is presented in
    the germinal center)
    -If naïve just get IgM first bc it’s the first one
    Diversity
    1. Random gene rearrangements VDJ, VJ
    2. Tdt insert random bases
    3. Random combo of light and heavy chain for B, and alpha and beta for T
    ------
    4. ONLY B CELLS : SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION causing AFFINITY MATURATION in the cells
    that activated in germinal center, therefore secondary activation is strong

    B cells
     Heavy chain isotypes all on one chromosomes ( therefore 2 chances to rearrange, one
    from each parent)
     Light chain λ +κ on different chromosome ( 4 chances to rearrange)
     ALLELIC EXCLUSION: Once rearranged turn off the other gene so only ONE SPECIFICITY /
    CELL

    Antigens for B and T cells


     B cells can bind anything VS T cells only bind peptides
     Thymus dependant antigens : peptides ( the B cells present these and causes strong
    immune response bc T cells help = isotype switch + memory)
     Thymus independent antigen
    - Ex: polysaccharide capsule + LPS (gram -)
    - T cells not no (no CD40 ligand)= NO ISOTYPE SWITCH
    -NO MEMORY

    Bcell development and selection


     PRO- B: The cytoplasmic μ is the heavy chain waiting for the light chain to be made
     Negative selection in the Immature B cell when only surface IgM
    - clonal deletion of those that bind to tight
     Activated Blast is when ANTIGEN BINDS and causes proliferation in the GERMINAL
    CENTER
    -here somatic hypermutation
    -isotype switching
     The plasma cell is a dead end ( make Ig and then die in two weeks)
     Memory cells when activated 2nd  directly to memory cell transform

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