Objectives

Often electrical generators are removed from the service and connected
back to the power system during variations of the load, emergency
outages, maintenance, etc.

Before reconnecting the generator to the system in each time, it must be

synchronized with parameters of the power system network.

An improper synchronization can affect the healthy power system and

results in electrical and mechanical transients that can damage the prime
mover, generator, transformers and other power system components.

Connection Diagram

Condition for synchronization

1-same sequence (abc) or (acb)
To achieve this condition, we use sequence meter if the sequence is abc
the first lamp on sequence meter will be on which represent abc
sequence and if the sequence is acb the second lamp on sequence meter
will be on which represent acb sequence.
Then we connect the grid with the switch terminal and the generator
with the other terminal side of the switch to meet the same sequence of
the grid.
2-same voltage magnitude
To achieve this condition, we use voltmeter. At first, we measure the
voltage of the grid it was 247.1 volt then we connect the voltmeter to the
generator and we start to increase the exciter dc voltage until the voltage
of the stator of the generator reach to the same voltage of the grid =247.1
volt.
3-same frequency
To achieve this, we have to run the primemover (DC motor) with a
certain speed to make the frequency equal to the frequency of the grid =
50 HZ as follow:
60 ∗ 𝑓
𝑛=
𝑝
And f=50 HZ , p=2
So,
60 ∗ 50
𝑛= = 1500 𝑟𝑝𝑚
2
4-same phase shift
To achieve this, we use two voltmeters this tow voltmeters measure the
vectorial voltage difference between the grid and the generator.
The voltmeter’s indicator oscillates from right and left so from zero to
maximum voltage difference and we must close the switch when the
voltmeter indicator reaches to zero to connect the generator to the grid.
Conclusions and comments
-we use tow voltmeters to insures that they have the same sequence so if
they have the same sequence the two voltmeters’ indicators will move
from right to left at the same time with each other’s and if not, one
indicator will move at opposite direction to the other.
-the speed of indicator depends on the difference on frequency between
the grid and the generator, the lower the difference on the frequency the
slower the speed of the indicator.