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North-Eastern Area Command
North-Eastern Area Command
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History
World War II
The Roy al Australian Air Force (RAAF) formed North-
Eastern Area Command at Townsv ille, Queensland, on
15 January 1942, to take ov er the eastern portion of
what was prev iously Northern Area Command. [1 ]
Northern Area had been established on 8 May 1941 as
one of the RAAF's geographically based command-
and-control zones, cov ering units in northern New
South Wales, Queensland, the Northern Territory , and
Papua. [2 ] The roles of the area commands were air
defence, protection of adjacent sea lanes, and aerial
reconnaissance. Each was led by an Air Officer
Commanding (AOC) responsible for the administration
and operations of air bases and units within his
RAAF area commands in December 1941
boundary . [2 ][3 ]
No. 33 Squadron, operating ex-Qantas Short Empire fly ing boats and sev eral smaller transports, was
raised in NEA on 19 February 1942. [1 1 ][1 2 ] Earlier that month, Lukis warned higher command of the
poor state of preparedness and low morale of Australian Army troops at Port Moresby , due to lack of air
cov er and apparent lack of interest from gov ernment echelons. [1 3 ] On 25 February , Nos. 3 and 4 Fighter
Sector Headquarters were established at Townsv ille and Port Moresby , respectiv ely , to coordinate fighter
operations. [1 4 ] Horn Island, in the Torres Strait, was raided by the Japanese on 14 March. [1 5 ] Three day s
later, sev enteen P-40 Kitty hawks of No. 7 5 Squadron, recently formed at Townsv ille, deploy ed to Port
Moresby . [1 6 ] Commanded by Squadron Leader John Jackson, the squadron suffered heav y losses in the
ensuing battle. At one point NEA headquarters gav e Jackson permission to withdraw but he refused, and
the squadron was ev entually credited with destroy ing thirty -fiv e Japanese aircraft in the air and on the
ground, securing Port Moresby until reliev ed by the 35th and 36th Squadrons of the United States Army
Air Forces (USAAF), operating P-39 Airacobras. [1 7 ][1 8 ]
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On 1 September 1942, No. 9 (Operational) Group was formed at Port Moresby as a mobile strike force to
mov e forward with Allied adv ances in the Pacific, in contrast to the static, defensiv e nature of the area
commands. [3 4 ][3 5 ] It took ov er all units in New Guinea prev iously operating under NEA Command. NEA
initially retained administrativ e control of No. 9 Group but, on 1 January 1943, the group was made
independent of the area command and its administration became the responsibility of RAAF
Headquarters, Melbourne. [3 0 ] September 1942 also saw the formation of RAAF Command, led by Air
Vice Marshal Bill Bostock, to ov ersee the majority of Australian fly ing units in the SWPA. [3 6 ][3 7 ] Bostock
exercised control of air operations through the area commands, although RAAF Headquarters continued
to hold administrativ e authority ov er all Australian units. [3 8 ] He personally coordinated operations
when they inv olv ed more than one area command, for instance when the fighter squadrons of both NWA
and NEA were required to repulse a major attack. [3 9 ] No. 42 (Radar) Wing was formed at Townsv ille in
February 1943, and the following month took control of all radar stations in NEA. [4 0 ] As of April 1943,
the area command directly controlled four squadrons tasked primarily with anti-submarine warfare:
No. 7 Squadron, fly ing Bristol Beaufort reconnaissance-bombers out of Ross Riv er; No. 9 Squadron, a fleet
co-operation unit fly ing Supermarine Seagulls from Bowen; and Nos. 11 and 20 Squadrons, fly ing
reconnaissance and bombing missions with PBY Catalinas from Cairns. [4 1 ]
Cobby serv ed as AOC NEA until Nov ember 1943, handing ov er to Air Commodore John Summers, who
held command for the remainder of the war. [5 ] By the end of Nov ember, NEA headquarters staff
numbered 499, including ninety -sev en officers. [4 7 ] NEA's Catalinas joined aircraft of No. 9 Group in
support of the US inv asion of New Britain in December 1943 and January 1944. [4 8 ] The Catalinas also
conducted mine-lay ing operations around the Timor Sea in the lead-up to the landings at Hollandia and
Aitape in April 1944. [4 9 ] That month, No. 9 Group, which had become a static garrison force similar to
the area commands on mainland Australia, was renamed Northern Command and giv en responsibility for
[5 0 ][5 1 ]
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RAAF units in New Guinea. [5 0 ][5 1 ] In August, No. 7 5 Wing was disbanded and its units became the direct
responsibility of NEA headquarters. [5 2 ] The same month, No. 7 6 Wing headquarters, formed at
Townsv ille in January and subsequently based at Cairns, was transferred to Darwin, Northern
Territory . [5 3 ][5 4 ] There it came under the control of NWA headquarters and ov ersaw operations by
three Catalina squadrons, including No. 20. [5 5 ][5 6 ] No. 42 Wing disbanded in October 1944, following a
decision to assign control of RAAF radar stations to mobile fighter control units or similar
formations. [5 7 ] By the end of February 1945, NEA headquarters staff numbered 7 43, including 127
officers. [5 8 ] No. 7 2 Wing headquarters transferred to Townsv ille in May that y ear, and disbanded a
month later. [5 4 ]
Commencing in October 1953, the RAAF was reorganised from a geographically based command-and-
control sy stem into one based on function. In February 1954, the newly constituted functional
organisations—Home, Training, and Maintenance Commands—assumed control of all operations, training
and maintenance from North-Eastern Area Command. [3 ][7 0 ] NEA headquarters remained in existence
but only , according to the Melbourne Argus, as one of Home Command's "remote control points". [7 1 ] It
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was disbanded on 3 December 1956, and was succeeded by Headquarters RAAF Townsv ille
(Headquarters Tactical Transport Group from June 1988, and Headquarters Operational Support Group
from February 1991). [7 2 ][7 3 ]
As of 2009, the former NEA operational headquarters in Building 81, Green Street, housed Townsv ille's
State Emergency Serv ice group. [2 4 ]
Order of battle
As at 30 April 1942, NEA's order of battle
comprised:[7 4 ]
No. 11 (General Reconnaissance) Squadron Flight Lieutenant Les Jackson (second left),
No. 20 (General Reconnaissance) Squadron brother of Squadron Leader John Jackson, with
No. 32 (General Reconnaissance) Squadron fellow pilots of No. 75 Squadron in Port
No. 75 (Fighter) Squadron Moresby, August 1942
No. 3 Fighter Sector Headquarters, Townsville
No. 4 Fighter Sector Headquarters, Port Moresby
Notes
1. Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force, p. 311 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collectio
n/RCDIG1070486/document/5519769.PDF)
2. Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 91–92 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/colle
ction/RCDIG1070724/document/5520006.PDF)
3. "Organising for war: The RAAF air campaigns in the Pacific" (http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/APDC/media/PD
F-Files/Pathfinder/PF121-Organising-for-War-The-RAAF-Air-Campaigns-in-the-Pacific.pdf) (PDF). Pathfinder.
No. 121. Air Power Development Centre. October 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2016.
4. Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 111–112
5. Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force, pp. 302–304
6. Stephens, The RAAF in the Southwest Pacific Area, p. 35
7. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, p. 154
8. Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 135–136
9. Gillison, Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 354–358 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/col
lection/RCDIG1070489/document/5519772.PDF)
10. "Gladiator's salute from Rabaul's air commander" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160316041710/http://airpow
er.airforce.gov.au/HistoryRecord/HistoryRecordDetail.aspx?rid=408). Air Power Development Centre.
Archived from the original (http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/HistoryRecord/HistoryRecordDetail.aspx?rid=408)
on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
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40. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, pp. 326, 350
41. Odgers, Air War Against Japan, p. 141 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collection/R
CDIG1070558/document/5519841.PDF)
42. Odgers, Air War Against Japan, p. 113 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collection/R
CDIG1070556/document/5519839.PDF)
43. Odgers, Air War Against Japan, pp. 113–116 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collect
ion/RCDIG1070556/document/5519839.PDF)
44. Gogler, We Never Disappoint, p. 105
45. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, pp. 679, 706, 709
46. Odgers, Air War Against Japan, p. 245 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collection/R
CDIG1070730/document/5520012.PDF)
47. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, p. 579
48. Odgers, Air War Against Japan, pp. 128–129 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collect
ion/RCDIG1070557/document/5519840.PDF)
49. Odgers, Air War Against Japan, pp. 213, 218 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collec
tion/RCDIG1070562/document/5519845.PDF)
50. Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 144, 168
51. Odgers, Air War Against Japan, pp. 198–200 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collect
ion/RCDIG1070561/document/5519844.PDF)
52. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, p. 830
53. "Headquarters" (http://clik.dva.gov.au/history-library/part-3-order-battle/ch-2-order-battle-air-force/s-2-headqua
rters). Order of Battle – Air Force. Department of Veterans' Affairs. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
54. AWM, Squadrons, Formations & Units, p. 119
55. Odgers, Air War Against Japan, p. 365 (https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collection/R
CDIG1070396/document/5519684.PDF)
56. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, p. 829
57. RAAF Historical Section, Radar Units, p. 21
58. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, p. 873
59. Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force!, p. 262
60. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, p. 903
61. Stephens, Going Solo, pp. 11–12, 72–73
62. Royal Australian Air Force, Northern Area and North-Eastern Area Headquarters, p. 916
63. Helson, The Private Air Marshal, pp. 321–325
64. Stephens, Going Solo, pp. 68, 462
65. "RAAF's big task in Qld" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article129976134). The News. Adelaide. 16 May 1953.
p. 9. Retrieved 10 June 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
66. "No. 10 Squadron" (https://www.airforce.gov.au/sites/default/files/minisite/static/1469/RAAFmuseum/researc
h/units/10sqn.htm). RAAF Museum. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
67. "New postings in RAAF" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2837203). The Canberra Times. Canberra. 8
September 1951. p. 6. Retrieved 2 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
68. "Air officers promoted" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article216557718). Brisbane Telegraph. Brisbane. 4
September 1952. p. 12. Retrieved 21 July 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
69. "New RAAF chief for North-Eastern Area" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62503697). Townsville Daily
Bulletin. Townsville, Queensland. 9 September 1953. p. 3. Retrieved 2 July 2016 – via National Library of
Australia.
70. Stephens, Going Solo, pp. 73–76, 462–463
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71. "Battle 'nerve-centre' goes north: RAAF fighting control shifted from here" (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23
429331). The Argus. Melbourne. 21 May 1954. p. 5. Retrieved 2 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
72. RAAF Historical Section, Introduction, Bases, Supporting Organisations, p. 160
73. "RAAF Headquarters North Eastern Area" (https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/Detail
sReports/AgencyDetail.aspx?reg_no=CA%208590&singleRecord=T). Agencies. National Archives of
Australia. CA 8590. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
74. Ashworth, How Not to Run an Air Force, p. 299
References
Ashworth, Norman (2000). How Not to Run an Air Force! Volume 1 – Narrative (http://airpower.airforce.gov.a
u/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Heritage%20Series/HTG12-How-Not-To-Run-An-Air-Force!-Volume-1.pdf) (PDF).
Canberra: RAAF Air Power Studies Centre. ISBN 978-0-642-26550-0.
Australian War Memorial (AWM) (1995). Squadrons, Formations & Units of the Royal Australian Air Force
and Their Deployment. Canberra: Unpublished monograph held by AWM Research Centre.
Cooper, Anthony (2014). Kok oda Air Strik es: Allied Air Forces in New Guinea, 1942. Canberra: NewSouth
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-74223-383-3.
Gillison, Douglas (1962). Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume I – Royal Australian
Air Force 1939–1942 (https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070209/). Canberra: Australian War
Memorial. OCLC 2000369 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2000369).
Gogler, Kevin (2012). We Never Disappoint: A History of 7 Squadron RAAF 1940–1945 (http://airpower.airfor
ce.gov.au/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Heritage%20Series/HTG21-We-Never-Disappoint-A-History-of-7-Squadron-
RAAF-1940-1945.pdf) (PDF). Canberra: Air Power Development Centre. ISBN 978-1-920800-68-0.
Helson, Peter (2010). The Private Air Marshal (http://airpower.airforce.gov.au/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Histori
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Canberra: Air Power Development Centre. ISBN 978-1-920800-50-5.
Johnston, Mark (2011). Whispering Death: Australian Airmen in the Pacific War. Crows Nest, New South
Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74175-901-3.
Odgers, George (1968) [1957]. Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume II – Air War
Against Japan 1943–1945 (https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070210/). Canberra: Australian War
Memorial. OCLC 246580191 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/246580191).
RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History. Volume 1:
Introduction, Bases, Supporting Organisations. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
ISBN 978-0-644-42792-0.
RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History. Volume 4:
Maritime and Transport Units. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 978-0-644-42796-
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Radar Units. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 978-0-644-42797-5.
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v.au/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Conference%20Proceedings/CONF04-RAAF-History-Conference-1993-The-RAA
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u/APDC/media/PDF-Files/Historical%20Publications/HIST03-Going-Solo-The-Royal-Australian-Air-Force-194
6-1971.pdf) (PDF). Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 978-0-644-42803-3.
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